Quản lý phát triển các khu công nghiệp tỉnh Thanh Hóa theo hướng tăng trưởng xanh.Quản lý phát triển các khu công nghiệp tỉnh Thanh Hóa theo hướng tăng trưởng xanh.Quản lý phát triển các khu công nghiệp tỉnh Thanh Hóa theo hướng tăng trưởng xanh.Quản lý phát triển các khu công nghiệp tỉnh Thanh Hóa theo hướng tăng trưởng xanh.Quản lý phát triển các khu công nghiệp tỉnh Thanh Hóa theo hướng tăng trưởng xanh.Quản lý phát triển các khu công nghiệp tỉnh Thanh Hóa theo hướng tăng trưởng xanh.Quản lý phát triển các khu công nghiệp tỉnh Thanh Hóa theo hướng tăng trưởng xanh.
VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES TRINH TUAN SINH MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ZONES DEVOLOVEMENT IN THANH HOA PROVINCE TOWARDS GREEN GROWTH Major : Economic management Code : 9.34.04.10 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS HA NOI - 2022 Thesis was completed at: GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Science instructor: Assoc Prof.PhD Nguyen Trong Xuan PhD Nguyen Dinh Chuc Member 1: Assoc Prof PhD Hoang Van Hai Member 2: Assoc Prof PhD Le Van Chien Member 3: Prof PhD Ngo Thang Loi The thesis is defended in front of the doctoral thesis grading committee, held at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences At ……h , date… month … year 202 The thesis can be found at: National library Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences INTRODUCTION Rationale of the study By June 2019, the whole country had 327 industrial parks established, with a total natural land area of about 96,000 hectares, the total area of industrial land that can be leased out 65,700 hectares, reaching a occupancy rate of nearly 75% Thanh Hoa is a province in the North Central region and is a large province in terms of area and population Currently, the province has economic zone (EZ) and 08 industrial parks, of which only 01 Nghi Son EZ and 05 industrial parks are officially in operation Water pollution caused by wastewater from the industrial park in recent years is very large, this growth rate is much higher than the total wastewater from other sectors In the general context of industrial parks, there are still many shortcomings and difficulties, especially in environmental management Therefore, the implementation of the management and development of the industrial park towards green growth is necessary and aims towards the goal of sustainable development in general in Vietnam With that meaning, the author chooses the content: "Managing and developing industrial parks in Thanh Hoa province in the direction of green growth" as a doctoral research topic, which is meaningful in both theory and practice The dissertation's objectives and tasks Research objectives: Properly assess the current status of industrial park development management in Thanh Hoa province, on that basis propose solutions to promote the development of industrial parks in Thanh Hoa province in the coming time towards green growth Research tasks: To achieve the above research objective, the research need to carry out the following specific tasks: - Clarifying the theoretical and practical basis for the management and development of industrial parks towards green growth - Analyzing the current situation of industrial park development management in Thanh Hoa province over the past time Comment, evaluate, compare that situation with the requirements of developing industrial parks towards green growth - Proposing solutions to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of industrial parks development management in Thanh Hoa province towards green growth The dissertation's research subject and scope Research subjects: The management development of industrial parks in Thanh Hoa province Research scope: Research on the current status of the management and development of industrial parks in Thanh Hoa from 2010 to 2019 and propose the development of industrial parks in Thanh Hoa province in the direction of green growth to 2025, with a vision to 2030 Scope of space: Thanh Hoa province Scope of content: The dissertation studies issues on the management and development of industrial parks in Thanh Hoa province towards green growth Research methodology Research methods at the table System analysis method Statistical analysis method SWOT analysis method Professional solution Chapter 1: LITERATURE REVIEW In chapter 1, the author presents an overview of domestic and foreign research projects related to the development of industrial parks towards green growth Specifically, overseas studies such as: Studies on industrial parks and industrial park development management; Green growth studies; Researches on management and development of industrial parks towards green growth National research works such as: Studies on industrial parks and industrial park development management; Research on green growth; Researches on management and development of industrial parks towards green growth In order to develop the industrial parks toward green growth, there have been many studies providing solutions, directing the industrial parks to develop according to the model of eco-industrial park Most researches on the development of industrial parks in Vietnam towards green growth are mostly in the direction of applying a set of indicators according to pillars of socio-economic environment to assess whether or not the development of the zones is sustainable this industry; Meanwhile, very few in-depth studies assessing how the construction and development of these IPs have been done from the design, construction and operation process towards a environmental sustainability development Not many studies about the development of IZs in the direction of green growth have been mentioned Researches about development of industrial parks towards green growth in a locality are still quite rare And there are no studies on the development of IZs towards green growth or sustainable development in Thanh Hoa province On the basis of the above-mentioned research overview, the author has identified research gaps as follows: There is no comprehensive study specifically for Thanh Hoa province on green growth in general and industrial parks towards green growth in particular The new studies just stop at articles about the factual status, not in-depth This is also a gap for this research to compensate, to meet the needs and plans set out by the province, as well as to contribute to the national theoretical system of industrial parks towards green growth, aspect that has not much been mentioned by studies Because, most of the studies of the provinces only exploit and green growth in general, environmental issues, domestic waste, vehicle emissions There are not many studies in the country deeply focusing on green growth for industrial parks Chapter 2: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT INDUSTRIAL PARK TOWARD GREEN GROWTH 2.1 Concepts, characteristics, and roles of the Industrial Park With a long history of formation and development, studies on IZ are very rich and the concepts of IZs are approached in many different angles From studying the concept of industrial parks in the world and in Vietnam, the thesis uses the concept of industrial parks mainly based on the concept according to Decree No 29/2008 / ND-CP The industrial park is a part of the national territory with defined geographical boundaries, is built with suitable infrastructure for industrial production, is a specialized industrial production zone and provides services for industrial production, is established and operated in accordance with the law Role of the industrial park in the process of industrialization and modernization of the country * The positive impacts of the industrial park * Negative effects 2.2 Concept and content of industrial park development in the direction of green growth 2.2.1 Some theories about green growth - The Kuznets curve theory of the environment - Environmental tax and double-dividend hypothesis System of environmental regulations and the Porter hypothesis - Green growth concept “Green growth is the growth based on the process of changing the growth model, restructuring the economy to take advantage of comparative advantages, improving the efficiency and competitiveness of the economy through research and apply advanced technology, develop modern infrastructure systems to efficiently use natural resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, respond to climate change, contribute to poverty reduction and creating a driving force to promote sustainable economic development ”(Viet Nam's Green Growth Strategy, 2010) 2.2.2 Develop industrial parks towards green growth 2.2.2.1 Industrial parks development concept In the scope of this dissertation, using the concept of the management and development of industrial parks towards green growth is the organized and legal impact of the state on the quantity, quality and system development within the zone to ensure sustainable development in the aspect of economic, social and environmental development To understand the role of managing the development of industrial parks in the direction of green growth, the author makes a summary table of comparison between the state management of pure industrial parks and the management of industrial park development towards green growth Table 2.1: Comparison of the role of the state management of industrial parks and the development management of industrial parks toward sustainablity TT State management of pure industrial parks Industrial park control The development of industrial parks cannot be controlled well Role Ensuring economic development: unsustainable "hot" economic development, attracting massive, non-selective investment, and many low investment projects Ensuring social development: The State has State management of industrial parks toward green growth Orientation and control of industrial parks development in the direction of economic, social and environmental sustainability, ensuring political stability Ensuring green economic development: Attracting selective investment, investment projects bring high economic efficiency and sustainable growth Promote progress, social justice, policies to encourage enterprises to employ local laborers, create jobs, and improve people's lives and incomes; low labor value, out of date with the changing trend of science and technology Protecting the environment, preventing waste discharge activities of factories and enterprises from affecting the environment but ineffectively, many industrial park projects destroy the ecological environment ensure benefits for employees, create jobs on the basis of high-value labor, catch up with development of science and technology Rational exploitation, economical and efficient use of natural resources, good prevention, treatment and control of environmental pollution, protection of the living environment of the vicinity 2.2.2.3 Develop industrial parks towards ecological industrial parks An eco-industrial park is "an industrial system that protects natural and economic resources, reduces production costs, materials, energy, insurance and liability handling costs; improve performance, quality, health of workers and public image [86] 2.3 Management of industrial park development towards green growth 2.3.1 Concept of management and development of IPs towards green growth - Development is a concept used to generalize movements in the upward direction from low to high, from simple to complex, from less complete to more complete Development is in essence: (1) An increase in quantity; (2) Quality improvement; (3) The structural change in a positive direction, in accordance with requirements, conditions, of reality The management and development of industrial parks towards green growth is the organized and legal impact of the state on the quantity, quality and system development within an industrial park to ensure the goal of growth Green growth has a close, reasonable and harmonious combination between socio-economic development and environmental protection, meeting the needs of the current generation, but does not affect future generations 2.3.2 Contents of management and development of IPs towards green growth The content of industrial park development towards green growth is mainly based on the contents and principles of cleaner production, sustainable production with the nature of understanding and preventing the origin of waste and pollutants by continuously using integrated environmental prevention strategies into production processes to improve ecological efficiency and reduce risks to people and the environment on the industrial park premises Specific content includes: (i) Planning (including location, scale, fields to attract investment ); (ii) Building environmental organization and management apparatus (iii) Organize the implementation of industrial park development activities towards green growth: Develop mechanisms and policies for state management Build the infrastructure; Development of production and business Encourage enterprises in the industrial park to carry out production and business activities towards green growth (iv) Evaluate, inspect and monitor the activities of industrial parks to ensure the green growth criteria as committed The contents of the management and development of industrial parks towards green growth are based on the principles: - Conservation / efficient use of resources and energy to minimize costs, optimize production - Manage and effectively minimize waste generated in both quantity and hazardous properties at the source - Manage and effectively reduce pollutants, including quantity and toxicity, in order to minimize the impact on the environment of the industrial park, community and ecosystem Possible solutions for this include: - Internal management / Process control: is the overall management of all operating processes within a factory in order to control and repair / intervene in time to ensure complete operation, avoid errors, loss, leakage, waste of resources and energy of the whole system Raw material replacement means replacing existing materials with other more environmentally friendly materials Material substitution can also be the purchase of better quality ingredients to achieve higher efficiency Equipment Improvement/Technology Innovation: Equipment improvement is the improvement/modification of existing equipment for less material loss Equipment enhancements also include speed control operations, optimal storage size, hot/cold surface insulation, or design improvements to essential equipment Technological innovation: is the installation of more efficient and modern equipment - Recycle /reuse waste/ byproducts: collect, classify and reuse directly for production or resell to other enterprises In this case, the recirculation and reuse taking place between enterprises in the industrial park is also known as industrial symbiosis 2.3.3 Criteria for management of industrial park development towards green growth Specific criteria for the development of industrial parks towards green growth a.Group of criteria for the development of the number of industrial parks - Growth in number of industrial parks -The number of businesses in the industrial park - Number of projects invested in IZs -Occupancy b Criteria group for infrastructure development and business development of enterprises in industrial parks - Infrastructure in industrial park - Value of production and service - Contribution to the budget - Create jobs for workers c Group of indicators on wastewater treatment of the industrial park - Waste water treatment system - Exhaust treatment system - Solid waste treatment d) Group of criteria on ratio of green area and number of projects to ensure environmental protection standards - The rate of green trees - Number of projects meeting environmental protection standards e Group of green growth indicators of enterprises in industrial parks Regarding the number of enterprises operating in the area, Dinh Huong- Tay Bac Ga Industrial Park has the highest number of enterprises with 250 operating businesses (accounting for 57.47%), then comes to Nghi Son EZ Regarding the occupancy rate of the current industrial parks, the industrial parks that were established before and near city centers and towns such as Le Mon Industrial Park, Dinh Huong- Tay Bac Ga Industrial Park and Bim Son Industrial Park have quite high occupancy rates (58.01-100%) Nghi Son EZ is given priority to special institutions, so it is also an attractive destination for old investors, so the occupancy rate is quite good (55%, old area, 15% expansion area) 3.3.2 Results of implementation of development criteria on infrastructure and business development of enterprises in industrial zones in Thanh Hoa province 3.3.2.1 About infrastructure construction investment management a) In Nghi Son EZ In the condition that the State budget is still limited, the province has taken advantage of mobilizing, balancing and effectively using the State capital and the provincial budget capital to give priority to focusing on a number of key economic infrastructure projects In the 2016 - 2020 period, the total state budget capital allocated for infrastructure development investment projects in Nghi Son EZ is 9,842 billion VND, invested 18 transition projects and 15 new construction projects, completed 17 projects, bringing the total number of completed and operational projects including the previous period to 60 projects b) In industrial parks The main traffic infrastructure works in the industrial parks invested with the budget capital have been completed Total investment capital of technical infrastructure projects in industrial parks from the state budget in the 2016-2020 period is 1,042 billion VND, accumulated up to now is 1,176 billion VND 3.3.2.2 Regarding the promotion and investment attraction Report of Nghi Son EZ Management Board and industrial parks in the 2016-2019 period, hosted more than 190 investors from many countries and territories around the world to explore investment in Nghi Son EZ, such as: Hyosung - Korea, Mintal - Taiwan, PEC - Singapore, Foxcom, Exxon Mobil, Vinfra, INTCO… In general, investment attraction in Thanh Hoa IPs has been prosperous, especially in Bim Son Industrial Park In 2019, Bim Son Industrial Park has attracted 09 FDI projects with a total registered capital of 170.8 million USD, typically such as the projects: Intco Medical Vietnam Factory (project to manufacture environmentally friendly decorative products), with a total investment capital of 145 million USD; 200,000 ,0 9,200 9,700 190,119 11,610 16,480 25,962 49,570 55,619 106,432 17,121 201120122013201420152016201720182019 Giá trị SXCN, DV ( tỷ đồng) Nộp NS NN (tỷ đồng) Figure 3.4: Value of Industrial production and service; and submitting national budget of industrial parks in Thanh Hoa province Source: Reports of Thanh Hoa Provincial Party Committee for the years 2015-2019 3.2.2.3 The situation of using labor in industrial parks The main form of contract in enterprises in IZs is a contract with a term of 1-3 years According to the report of Nghi Son Economic Zone Management Board and industrial parks, the average income of employees in enterprises in the area is approximately 6,000,000 VND / person / month, of which: state-owned and private-owned enterprises has an average income of 5,500,000 VND / person / month; enterprises with foreign investment capital on average 6,000,000 / person / person / month Some businesses have a high average income such as: Nghi Son Refining and Petrochemical Company, the average income is 30.07 million VND / person / month, Nghi Son Cement Company is 17.5 million VND / person on average / month, PTSC Thanh Hoa General Petroleum Services Port Joint Stock Company an average of 13.15 million VND / person / month Figure 3.5: Total number of employees of Thanh Hoa Industrial parks in 2019 In general, enterprises in Nghi Son EZ and industrial parks make full payment of salaries to employees, not to owe wages; at the same time building bonus plans for holidays, New Year, 3.3.3 Criteria for construction planning towards green growth a Criteria of planned area to prioritize businesses towards green growth Currently, there are not many industrial zones in the province that have priority planning areas in the direction of green growth and the ratio is still limited Industrial parks near residential areas such as Le Mon Industrial Park, Tay Bac Ga Industrial Park Particularly for Lam Son - Sao Vang Industrial Park, the focus is on high-tech agricultural projects, so the planning should be prioritized with a higher rate As for the indicator, the ratio of the number of industrial parks with a department that controls the environmental management Currently, 100% (6/6) of industrial zones operating in the area have a department to control environmental management However, the force is still weak and mainly works with local environmental management agencies 3.3.4 Results of implementation of criteria on management and coordination of wastewater treatment and emissions generated in industrial zones in Thanh Hoa province a) Wastewater and exhaust gases Out of 08 industrial parks and 01 EZ in Thanh Hoa, 02 industrial parks, Le Mon Industrial Park and Bim Son Industrial Park, have basically invested in a centralized wastewater treatment system In terms of emissions, at present, most factories in industrial parks in Thanh Hoa have measures to treat exhaust gas before being discharged into the environment, almost no direct emissions Currently, there are almost no measures to protect workers' health in factories and specific production and processing zones that use chemicals Table 3.5: Status of water and exhaust gas treatment in Thanh Hoa’s EZs and Industrial Park Industrial park Condition of the wastewater treatment system Nghi Son Wastewater treatment on site Treating the exhaust gas before releasing it into the environment Le Mon Centralized wastewater treatment system Treating the exhaust gas before releasing it into the environment Dinh HuongTay Bac Ga Centralized wastewater treatment system Treating the exhaust gas before releasing it into the environment Hoang Long Wastewater treatment on site Treating the exhaust gas before releasing it into the environment Bim Son Wastewater treatment on site Treating the exhaust gas before releasing it into the environment Lam Son- Sao Vang Wastewater treatment on site Treating the exhaust gas before releasing it into the environment Status of the exhaust gas treatment system Source: Management Board of Nghi Son Economic Zone and Industrial parks of Thanh Hoa Province b) Solid waste Currently, the total volume of solid waste in the industrial parks is estimated at 425.39 tons / day, equivalent to 155,267 tons / year In which, about 15 - 20% is hazardous solid waste Besides, the landfills in the area of the industrial park are almost overloaded, on the other hand, these landfills only have the function of storing and treating domestic waste 3.3.5 Results of implementation of targets on green area and number of projects meeting environmental protection standards Responding to the National Green Growth Strategy and green growth action program of Thanh Hoa, Management Board of Nghi Son Economic Zone and industrial parks in Thanh Hoa province have reviewed the activities of enterprises for investment projects, ensure environmental protection standards Prioritize to create investment conditions for projects using new technologies, friendly with the environment, restricting and recommending to projects that not meet standards Currently, basically 100% of investment projects ensure registration standards Table 3.9 Indicators of greenery area and number of projects to ensure environmental protection standards of Thanh Hoa Ips No Name of IZ Nghi Son EZ Le Mon Dinh Huong- Tay Bac Ga Hoang Long Bim Son Lam Son - Sao Vang Thach Quang Bai Tranh Ngoc Lac Number of investment projects meeting environmental protection standards Founded year Acreage (ha) Green Area Ratio 2006 106.000 0,5% (543ha) 265 1998 2013 2011 2011 2015* 2013* 2012* 2016* 87,61 162,7 321,5 503,63 537,3 140 179,3 150 10% 10% 10% 14,75% 10% 16% 10% 10% 32 370 23 49 02 01 02 * Industrial parks Lam Son - Sao Vang, Thach Quang Industrial Park, Bai Tranh Industrial Park, Ngoc Lac Industrial Park have just been planned Source: Management Board of Nghi Son Economic Zone and Industrial parks of Thanh Hoa Province In addition, the planning of natural areas for hills, rivers, lakes and trees has also been paid attention However, the proportion of greenery areas in industrial parks in Thanh Hoa is still limited The old industrial parks have met the target of 10% or more of greenery area, but Nghi Son EZ is still limited The measure to increase the area of industrial greenery of the EZ can consider the planning to make use of the available natural green area of the industrial park to reduce the cost of planting trees 3.3.6 Results of implementing green growth criteria of enterprises in industrial zones in Thanh Hoa province Enterprises operating in IZs are the key determinant of whether or not the industrial parks are in the direction of green growth Currently, the number of enterprises operating in EZs and IPs in Thanh Hoa province is not much However, these are big enterprises with large investment capital and attracting many local labors These are also industrial enterprises (manufacturing and processing) with a high risk of causing environmental pollution The results of the synthesis of main criteria on the activities of enterprises in Thanh Hoa Industrial Park show that enterprises that ensure the criteria for output products to produce high quality output products, new materials are still very few (7.59%) Enterprises that have achieved the group of criteria for innovation of technical equipment to increase labor productivity, manufacturing new technology, and high technology is not much (there are only 46 enterprises, accounting for 10.57%) Enterprises that comply with green growth standards are also limited with 32/435 businesses, accounting for 7.36% Table 3.10 Green growth targets of enterprises in Thanh Hoa Industrial Park No I Green criteria group Total number of businesses Output product criteria group: Produce high quality output products using new materials Group of innovation criteria: Group of environmental criteria: The enterprise has an internal management system Circulation of waste / by-product use Industrial Park in Nghi Son EZ * Number of firm Ratio % Other industrial parks ** Number of firm Total Ratio % Numb er of firm Ration % 115 100 320 100 435 100 18 15,65 15 4,69 33 7,59 25 22 21,74 19,13 21 10 4,68 4,68 46 32 10,57 7,36 98 85,22 243 75,94 341 78,39 45 39,13 127 39,69 172 39,54 Source: Nghi Son Economic Zone Management Board and Industrial parks of Thanh Hoa Province The number of recirculating businesses using wastes and by-products was 172/435, accounting for 39.54% However, this is only the data of enterprises using recirculating processes using waste, but the rate used in each enterprise is still low As for the internal management system, the proportion of enterprises with an internal management system is quite high at 78.39% This shows that although the technology is not really modern, the enterprises in the IZ are all large enterprises, so they pay much attention to the management and energy saving in production The data in Table 3.9 also shows that enterprises in Nghi Son EZ always have better green growth indicators than businesses in other industrial parks This is also a positive signal Because large enterprises, FDI enterprises mainly focus on investing in this EZ This is also a signal that the investment companies have paid more attention to the green growth trend 3.4.Factors affecting the development managment of industrial parks in Thanh Hoa towards green growth 3.4.1 Favorable effect factors 3.4.1.1 Regarding the investment environment With the aim of developing, opening and integrating into the world, Vietnam has enacted laws and policies to attract foreign direct investment with many incentives Thanh Hoa is a province with a potential investment environment in which Nghi Son Oil Refinery and other major investment projects in Nghi Son Economic Zone could be an important growth pole for Thanh Hoa province and other vicinity regions Thanh Hoa has many advantages in attracting investment, strategic geographical location, and abundant and young labor force This is also the locality that has the power supply source of Vietnam for the Northern region (Nghi Son Thermal Power Plant I, Nghi Son II ) 3.4.1.2 Economic development level Genarally, in recent years, Thanh Hoa's socio-economic have achieved impressive results and are relatively comprehensive in many fields, Thanh Hoa's development trend is getting better and better The above positive results have made important contributions to the overall development achievement of the country, creating favorable conditions for the socio-economic development of the province in general, industrial parks and local economic zones in particular 3.4.1.3 In terms of facilities, technical infrastructure In Thanh Hoa, convenient transportation, synchronous technical - economic - social infrastructure is one of the strengths for the development of the EZ and industrial parks in the province 3.4.2 Adverse effects 3.4.2.1 In terms of production site The land acquisition to invest in the technical construction of industrial parks and EZs has not achieved the set schedule and is also an obstacle for the management and development investment in the industrial parks Many projects are behind schedule due to many difficulties in site clearance The cause of this problem is attributed to lack of funds Infrastructure in Nghi Son EZ and industrial parks is lacking, weak and asynchronous Difficulties in infrastructure and space in EZs and IZs lead to most of the projects being approved for investment in Nghi Son EZ and industrial parks having small and medium size, which have not attracted many processing projects after petrochemical products, petrochemical auxiliary industry projects, large industrial projects, high technology The number of projects and registered capital for investment is relatively large, but the implementation capital is still limited 3.4 2.2 Regarding the promulgation of legal documents on environmental protection in industrial parks and EZs that are likely to cause environmental pollution Based on the provisions of the Law on Environmental Protection, the Decree of the Government assigns responsibility to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment to promulgate documents guiding the implementation of the Law on Environmental Protection; in which, many tasks have not been issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, namely: - There are no regulations on issuing practicing certificates for consulting units to prepare environmental impact assessment reports - There has been no consensus in the licensing of wastewater discharge into water sources (according to the Circular No 35/2015 / TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2015 of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment) stipulating that the project owner can invest in construction and infrastructure 3.4.2.3 About the qualifications of management subjects The management and development of industrial parks in the province still has a number of limitations such as: (i) In promulgating policies, plans and strategies on investment and development of EZs and IZs: the law still has many shortcomings and overlaps, and there are no clear regulations on the implementation Planning is still heavily qualitative, and has not quantified the scale of economic zones and industrial parks in accordance with the general development orientation of the province (ii) In the implementation of the State management of investment and development of EZs and IZs: the coordination of departments and agencies in the post-licensing management for investors is not strict, especially the public supervision and inspection of activities in the EZ are still troublesome for businesses (iii) In inspecting and monitoring the implementation of documents, policies and plans related to investment and development of EZs and IZs: Inspection activities have not met the actual requirements; Handling violations is not deterrent 3.5.Overall assessment of the management and development of industrial parks towards green growth in Thanh Hoa province 3.5.1 Overall results achieved 3.5.1.1 Regarding the implementation of the goals of the Nghi Son EZ Development Program and the industrial parks in the period from 2016 to 2020 By the end of 2019, Nghi Son EZ and industrial parks have over 400 projects that have been fully or partially completed and put into operation in many branches and fields Some key projects, large-scale, have an important contribution to the growth and budget revenue of the province, such as: Nghi Son Petrochemical Refinery Complex, Nghi Son Thermal Power 1, Nghi Son Cement, Line Nghi Son steel rolling mill, garment factories, leather shoes Business performance has contributed significantly to the implementation of the main goals of the Nghi Son Economic Zone Development Program and industrial parks for the period 2016-2020 3.5.1.2 Regarding the implementation of the development management targets of Thanh Hoa IPs according to the green growth trend Development of industrial parks in Thanh Hoa province has been receiving the attention of the local government through specific action programs The planning work of industrial parks has also paid attention to environmental protection issues and criteria associated with green growth trends The management apparatus of environmental protection from the central to local levels is quite complete, ensuring to cover the environmental protection work of industrial parks in Thanh Hoa province Industrial parks in the area are increasingly attracting more investment projects, especially large foreign investment projects (helping Thanh Hoa to be the 8th province in FDI attraction), enterprises in the industrial park contribute greatly to the state budget as well as create significant jobs for workers Green growth targets are also being paid more attention by enterprises in the industrial park New projects are strictly controlled in terms of technological processes to ensure environmental friendliness High-tech and high-quality products are interested in developing The internal management system and waste / by-product circulation have been concerned by the majority of enterprises in the industrial park 3.5.2 The limitations and causes of the limitations in the management and development of industrial parks in Thanh Hoa 3.5.2.1 Limitations In promulgating policies, plans and strategies on investment and development of economic zones: Law and policy still have many shortcomings, overlapping, and unclear regulations on the implementation The plan is still heavily qualitative, has not quantified the economic zone scale in line with the general development orientation of the province; The coordination of departments and agencies in post-licensing management for investors is not yet strict, especially the supervision and inspection of activities in the EZ are overlapping, causing troubles for enterprise In the adjustment, amendment and supplementation of documents related to investment and development of EZs: Although there have been adjustments and supplements, this activity is still quite small, has not shown the strength of attracting investment to EZs in the local area The effectiveness of mobilization, promotion and investment is not high The work of compensation for site clearance faced many difficulties and problems 3.5.2.2 Reason a) Objective reasons Investor's capacity: Some investors have not allocated enough capital to focus on implementing as committed; Some projects face technical difficulties and problems, the implementation has not met the progress, affecting the implementation of the main targets Regarding the investment needs of the Industrial Park: The investment capital demand for infrastructure projects is very large while the state budget capital for annual investment in economic zones and industrial parks is still limited, so many projects infrastructure is slow in progress About the location characteristics of the industrial parks: The land area for the construction of the EZ is mainly taken from low-yield agricultural land or wetlands, bare hills, But the process of deployment faces many difficulties and problems Because the origin of agricultural land has been allocated for a long and stable term (20 years) to each farming household Therefore, the land conversion process, but in parallel with it is the process of compensation, liberating difficulties, complications, big costs, stemming from the economic rights, life, and employment of farmer For this reason, the land acquisition to invest in the construction of technical infrastructure of the EZs has not achieved the set schedule b) Subjective reasons Regarding mechanisms and policies of the State and localities: administrative procedures in the management process at the Management Board still have some shortcomings: The necessary stability of the administrative procedures is not ensured The reason is that the guidance of The ministries and branches is often changed, lack of stability; Typically in the field of planning and construction, the Management Board must regularly change the process to conform to the new Circular or Decree; Orientation, development planning and coordination of local agencies: The implementation of regulations on coordination with departments and branches has not been detailed into a process, the provision of information between units in settlement tasks related to activities, solving difficulties and problems in Nghi Son EZ and industrial parks are still limited and not strict; About the capacity of the management board: The Management Board does not have enough necessary software to standardize data among units in the Board A number of local committees and authorities in the leadership and direction of the implementation of assigned tasks are still ineffective and drastic, especially in inventory work, compensation for site clearance to carry out the projects judgment Chapter 4: SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL PARKS TOWARD GREEN GROWTH IN THANH THANH PROVINCE 4.1 The basis for proposing the solution 4.1.1 The domestic and foreign contexts affect the management and development of IZs towards green growth 4.1.1.1 International context In the current context, countries around the world need to establish new industries and deploy complex technologies to develop, diversify and realize the goal of building sustainable industries 4.1.1.2 Domestic background In addition to the positive contributions, the industrial development in general and the industrial parks system in particular in Vietnam are posing many great challenges in environmental pollution due to solid waste, wastewater and industrial emissions Water pollution caused by wastewater from the industrial park in recent years is very large, this growth rate is much higher than the total wastewater from other sectors 4.1.2 Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges for the development of industrial parks in the direction of green growth in Thanh Hoa province 4.1.3 Viewpoints and goals of industrial park development management in Thanh Hoa province towards green growth 4.1.3.1 Viewpoints on the management and development of industrial parks towards green growth of Thanh Hoa - Comprehensive industrial development: To pay attention to the development of handicrafts and rural industries; to strongly develop the marine industry on the basis of exploiting potentials and strengths of the East Sea and Nghi Son economic zone; focus on the development of industries employing many laborers in the delta regions 4.1.3.2 The goal of industrial park development management in Thanh Hoa The goals of the management and development of the economic zone and industrial parks in Thanh Hoa province are set out in the Nghi Son EZ development program and the industrial parks include: (1) building and developing Nghi Son economic zone into a in key urban centers - industrial and coastal services of the country, creating a driving force to promote socio-economic growth of the province and the economic region of North Central Coast; (2) Build and develop industrial parks in the province in association with planned dynamic economic regions, strengthen sector linkages, regional linkages, enhance competitiveness and support development, creating growth poles and spillovers for the entire economy Ensuring the achievement of the planned targets for the development of Nghi Son economic zone and industrial parks 4.2 Some solutions to improve the efficiency of management and development of industrial parks in Thanh Hoa province towards green growth 4.2.1 Complete the work of planning and planning management of Thanh Hoa industrial parks towards green growth; selecting 1-2 planned industrial parks in the direction of eco-industrial parks and hi-tech parks in line with green growth trend (1) Implement and adjust the planning scientifically, in accordance with the reality and development needs of EZs, IZs, urban construction towards a smart city, a green city, with identity and pioneering characters, becoming a driving force for development Continuing to build and complete an urban system combining modernity and environmental friendliness, respecting the preservation of traditional cultural values, ensuring urban civilization in the direction of sustainability and rational distribution (2) To develop the economic zones and industrial parks in the direction of harmoniously combining both width and depth, with emphasis on development in depth, rationally develop industries; to give priority to attracting a number of new and high-tech industries to create new growth engines In EZs and industrial parks, priority is given to attracting supporting industries, gradually forming and developing a number of clusters linking key industries (3) Select 1-2 industrial parks to develop towards ecological and high-tech parks The planning/re-planning of IZs in this direction will contribute to improving the economic efficiency of businesses in industrial parks through the application of cleaner production methods, efficient use of resources and building industrial symbiotic connection; Currently, Lam Son- Sao Vang Industrial Park has the prospect of developing into a hightech park; Hoang Long Industrial Park is close to the city center, but the number of investment projects is not much and can be developed towards ecological industrial park (4) Create a driving force (by institutions and policies) to strongly promote the development of Nghi Son EZ and industrial parks and clusters, considering it as a key growth engine for the development of high-tech and environmental friendliness projects Selective attraction of new investment projects in textiles, giving priority to the development of information technology, telecommunications, electronics, digital products, robot production, and equipment integrated with automatic operation and magnetic control, pharmaceuticals, plastics, chemicals, bio-products (5) After the Master Plan Project on adjustment and expansion of Nghi Son EZ was approved, the Nghi Son EZ Management Board and industrial parks presided over and coordinated with sectors, People's Committees of districts of Tinh Gia, Nong Cong and Nhu Thanh organize propaganda for the planning management Deploying the planning of functional subdivisions, submitting to competent authorities for approval, as a basis for investment in infrastructure construction and investment attraction Make public the plan for people to know and implement (6) Focus on reviewing and adjusting the planning of the system of industrial parks in the province, ensuring consistent with the development and maximizing the advantages of the region, ensuring connectivity between dynamic economic regions of the province It is necessary to carefully review the potentials and strengths of each industrial park in order to have the choice of specialization for each zone and focus on investment and development to be a driving force for the development of other industrial parks The development of the number and scale of industrial parks in the province should be in line with the local realities, ensuring efficiency in land use in industrial parks to avoid wasteful use of resources 4.2.2 Quickly develop socio-economic infrastructure, especially making synchronous and modern the infrastructure of industrial parks, connecting regions, growth poles inside and outside the province for development to reduce costs for businesses, save energy, reduce environmental pollution (1) Focus on mobilizing all resources to speed up the construction of infrastructure of economic zones, industrial parks and urban areas The Management Board of Nghi Son EZ and industrial parks directs and urges the construction contractors to concentrate machinery, equipment, manpower, speed up the investment in infrastructure works; closely follow the general planning, the planning of functional subdivisions of the EZ, industrial parks to invest in key projects; capacity building for investors, selecting capable and experienced design consulting units, supervision consulting units, and construction contractors; reviewing and eliminating weak qualified contractors; coordinating with the Inspector of the Department of Construction to strengthen the inspection, supervision and timely settlement of difficulties and problems related to the construction progress and quality; seriously handle the responsibilities of the collectives and individuals involved To put into operation the hi-tech agricultural zone and information technology center; Research area, technology incubation, high-tech enterprise incubation (2) Focusing on building a synchronous and modern transportation system, forming an appropriate traffic network, connecting favorably inside and outside the province Striving to soon complete and put into operation the North-South expressway section passing Thanh Hoa; the coastal road running through Thanh Hoa; the road connecting Thanh Hoa city center to Tho Xuan airport; traffic road from Thanh Hoa city connecting with western districts of the province; the road connecting National Highway 47B with Highway 45 going to Ninh Binh; Invest in roads connecting main arterial roads of the province with expressways intersections in order to bring into full play of the North - South expressway Continuously invest in synchronous and complete transportation systems, seaports, electricity supply, water supply, environmental treatment, information and communication in Nghi Son EZ, complete infrastructure of Lam Son - Sao Vang industrial parks, Bim Son, Ngoc Lac, Bai Tranh, Thach Quang, established Phu Quy urban service industrial park and service urban industrial park west of Thanh Hoa city 4.2.3 Diversifying modes and increasing attracting investment capital to build infrastructure systems for industrial parks, especially social infrastructure to ensure green growth for IPs In order to develop the economic zones and industrial parks in a sustainable direction, it is necessary to have a large amount of capital, but the problem is that the capital from the central government is limited, so Ezs and Ips in Thanh Hoa need to mobilize a variety of resources to build infrastructure improvement Specifically: (1) For industrial infrastructure - Focus on developing dynamic projects that have currently attracted and essential technical infrastructure in EZs and IZs to form a premise for the formation of strategic industrial development areas in EZs and economic zones and attract other investors - Mobilize synthesized capital sources (ODA, FDI, State budget, government bonds) to continue to invest in the construction of essential and important infrastructure projects in the economic zones, industrial parks to facilitate the strongly attracting investment in developing economic zones and industrial parks Building coastal traffic routes connecting economic zones and industrial parks as a basis for creating mutual interconnections between coastal economic zones, as a premise for forming a driving force for coastal development In which, there is a close assignment in the development of industries and fields among EZs and IZs Since then, the economic zones, industrial parks will also be increased investment in transport infrastructure, communication, information technology, airport systems, seaports synchronously At the same time, having policies is also an important driving force to create momentum for the economic zones and industrial parks to develop stronger in the coming time In the coming period, the EZ should select technical infrastructure projects that can be exploited and traded such as: Clean water supply project; raw water supply; industrial wastewater treatment, and other wastes, seaport projects, communication systems develop preferential policies in accordance with the law, inviting investors to invest capital for business building (2) For social infrastructure Currently, industrial parks, especially Nghi Son EZ, are still in the stage of building and completing social infrastructure The pollution of the environment, the lack of schools, hospitals, entertainment areas also makes it difficult to attract workers to the EZs, IZs Therefore, in parallel with promoting the mobilization of investment capital sources for technical infrastructure, production and business, EZs and IZs should focus on attracting investment and mobilizing capital sources into investment projects in the service sector, socio-economic infrastructure to meet the needs of investors, officials, experts, workers, residents at the same time contributing to perfecting the investment environment of the EZ , Industrial Park ensures a balanced and sustainable development 4.2.4 Education and training development; science and technology; Improve the quality of human resources to meet the green growth-oriented development needs of Ips in Thanh Hoa province Necessary solutions to develop human resources such as: (1) Strongly develop the network of vocational training institutions in the direction of socialization, mobilize diversified investment capital sources to build a number of international standard training and vocational training institutions in Thanh Hoa city and Nghi Son EZ (2) Focus on investing in infrastructure for science and technology research and application, especially hi-tech parks and information technology parks in Thanh Hoa city (3) Management Board of Nghi Son EZ and industrial parks preside over and coordinate with functional sectors and local authorities to continue implementing the Project of human resource development in Nghi Son EZ (4) The demand for manpower of Nghi Son EZ and the current industrial parks is very great, the locality needs to have long-term policies for each type of labor such as: Vocational Labor, High-Quality Labor, foreign labor to develop human resources with quantity and quality suitable for each subject 4.2.5 Improving competitiveness at the provincial level on the basis of creating a breakthrough in administrative reform, improving the investment and business environment; develop mechanisms and policies for investment, finance and specific management decentralization, in line with the current green growth context to attract investment from businesses (1) Create a breakthrough in improving the business investment environment; focus on improving the ranking of the Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI), the Performance Index of the Governance and the Provincial Public Administration (PAPI), the Public Administration Reform Index (PAR INDEX); develop and implement a set of competitiveness assessment indexes at the provincial level, provincial departments, and district people's committees (DDCI) (2) Develop mechanisms and policies for investment, finance and appropriate decentralization of management in order to maximize mobilize and use resources effectively to invest in key projects with large scale, creating a breakthrough in infrastructure development (3) Management Board of Nghi Son EZ and industrial parks need to closely coordinate with relevant industries and units, to carry out focused and key investment promotion, closely follow investors, and appreciate domestic investors (4) Implement administrative reform to attract investment Shorten the time for handling administrative procedures, improve the quality of operations of the Provincial Public Administration Service Center and the district level reception and result return department, increase the provision of online public services at the level and 4; put into operation the provincial operating center system (5) Facilitating domestic and foreign investors to explore investment opportunities through the introduction of socio-economic development orientations, planning industrial parks, ready to create favorable conditions for investors in industrial parks within the framework of the law 4.2.6 Improve efficiency in the direction and administration of industrial parks development in the direction of green growth The Management Board of Nghi Son EZ and industrial parks strengthened coordination with the People's Committee of Tinh Gia district and the local government where the EZ and IZ are located to implement the task of site clearance, resettlement and construction in Nghi Son EZ and industrial parks The Department of Natural Resources and Environment focuses on promptly settling administrative procedures related to land and site clearance policies for projects in Nghi Son EZ and industrial parks 4.2.7 Strengthen the management, exploitation, use of natural resources and environmental protection, proactively prevent natural disasters, effectively respond to climate change (1) Complete plans to protect and use mineral resources, strengthen control of mineral activities, strictly handle violations Encourage the stone-exploiting units to apply advanced technology, increase the efficiency of resource use, and minimize the impact on the environment; promulgating the policy of using renewable and artificial resources; effectively implement the land use plan up to 2030 (2) Pay attention to environmental protection in production facilities with high risk of environmental pollution, resolutely move polluting facilities away from residential areas or eliminate polluted production and business projects strengthen management and protection of water sources and river basin environment, treat pollution in estuarine areas, focus on biodiversity protection (3) Invest in complete centralized wastewater collection and treatment systems in economic and industrial parks Adopt appropriate mechanisms and policies to encourage all economic sectors to participate in investment and construction of pollution treatment and environmental protection projects CONCLUSION The development of Nghi Son EZ and industrial parks is considered a strategic task with decisive significance for the socio-economic development of Thanh Hoa province Thanh Hoa province also set the target of building and developing Nghi Son economic zone by 2020 to become one of the key urban centers - industrial and coastal services of the country, creating a driving force to promote socio-economic growth of the province and the North Central economic region; at the same time, to build and develop industrial parks in the province in association with the planned dynamic economic regions, strengthen sector linkages, regional linkages, enhance competitiveness and support development, create growth poles and spillovers for the entire economy In order to develop the EZ and industrial parks in Thanh Hoa towards green growth, the provincial government, along with the Management Board of Nghi Son EZ and industrial parks, need to focus on directing to thoroughly grasp each agency, every civil servant, and each enterprise from inside the State management apparatus, important enterprise in the EZ, at the same time, it is necessary to change the state management method for the EZ and industrial parks in the direction of flexibility, dynamism, and adaptation to the investment environment in line with the competitiveness and changing of the nation There should be adequate investment priority for the EZ and industrial parks and link the economic development strategy of the EZ and the industrial parks to the socio-economic development strategy of the province At the same time, the province should urgently implement specific solutions to improve the state management of the EZ and industrial parks such as: (1) Complete the planning and planning management of Thanh Hoa industrial parks in the direction of green growth; selecting 1-2 planned industrial parks in the direction of eco-industrial parks and hi-tech parks in line with green growth trend.(2) Rapidly develop socio-economic infrastructure, especially the infrastructure of industrial parks synchronous and modern, connecting regions; growth poles inside and outside the province for development to reduce costs for businesses, save energy, reduce environmental pollution (3) Diversifying modes and increasing attracting investment capital to build infrastructure systems for industrial parks, especially social infrastructure to ensure green growth for industrial parks (4) Development of education and training; science and technology; Improve the quality of human resources to meet the green growth-oriented development needs of Thanh Hoa IPs (5) Strengthening competitiveness at the provincial level on the basis of creating a breakthrough in administrative reform, improving investment and business environment; building mechanisms and policies for investment, finance and specific management decentralization, suitable to the current green growth context to attract investment from businesses (6) Increase efficiency in directing and managing the development of industrial parks towards green growth (7) Strengthen the management, exploitation, use of natural resources and environmental protection, proactively prevent natural disasters, effectively respond to climate change In addition to the achieved results, the dissertation also has a number of limitations such as: The reality of greenhouse gas emissions and renewable energy use of enterprises has not yet been assessed The impact of developing industrial parks towards green growth has not been quantified on the sustainable development of the locality at the present and the future time The contribution of hi-tech products of enterprises in the industrial park to the local GRDP has not been fully quantified These may be suggestions for further studies that will be completed when researching on the development of IZs according to the green growth trend of localities ... TOWARD GREEN GROWTH IN THANH THANH PROVINCE 3.1 Overview the development status of industrial parks in Thanh Hoa province 3.1.1 The natural and socio-economic characteristics of Thanh Hoa province... expressway section passing Thanh Hoa; the coastal road running through Thanh Hoa; the road connecting Thanh Hoa city center to Tho Xuan airport; traffic road from Thanh Hoa city connecting with... parks in Thanh Hoa from 2010 to 2019 and propose the development of industrial parks in Thanh Hoa province in the direction of green growth to 2025, with a vision to 2030 Scope of space: Thanh Hoa