Thực trạng và những giải pháp hoàn thiện mối quan hệ giữa du lịch và hàng không việt nam

TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN LAI QIJOC CUdNG THUC TRANG VA G1AI PHAP HOAN THIEN MOI QUAN HE GIU’A DU LICH VA HANG KHONG VIET NAM Chuyen nganh: QUAN TRI KINH DOANH DU LICH VA KHACH SAN Ma sd: 5.02.05 "HL IX It-IT VIEW £ Ngirdi hirorng dAn khoa hoc: PGS.PTS NGUYEN VAN DINH Chu nhifim khoa DU LICH va KIIACII SAN I1A NOI - 1998 Ldi CAM ON I LuAn an duoc hoan dudi su giup dd, hubng dSn tAn tinh cua cac thAy cd giao khoa Du lich - Khach san, trudng Dai hoc Kinh td QuOc dAn - Ha Ndi, dac bidt la thAy giao, giao su, tidn si Nguydn Van Dinh - Chu nhidm Khoa Du lich - Khach san va Pho tidn si Nguydn Van Liu - Vu truong Vu Hop tac quOc td, TOng cuc Du lich la nhung ngudi da huong dAn toi suot qua trinh vidt va da truc tidp gop y, sua ban thao luAn an Toi cung da nhAn duoc su quan tAm, giup dd va cdng tac tAn tinh cua cac dong nghidp Tong cOng ty Hang khong Vidt Nam va Vu hop tac quoc t.d, Tong cuc Du lich Vidt Nam da giup toi xAy dung cong luAn an Toi xin duoc gui ddn tAp thd cac thAy co giao Khoa Du lich - Khach san, trudng Dai hoc Kinh td Quoc dAn - Ha Ndi, thAy giao PGS PTS Nguydn Van Dinh, tidn si Nguydn Van Luu ldi cam on chAn nhAt va nhung ldi chuc tot dep nhA't LuAn an thac sy kinh t& MUC LUC NOi dung Trang Chuang I: Nhung vdn dd co ban cua quan he Hang khong - Du lich 1.1 Vai trd cua Hang khong doi vii su phat tridn Du lich 1.1.1 Didu kien giao thong vAn tai noi chung 1.1.2 Su phat tridn cua Hang khong doi voi Du lich 1.2 Su phat tridn cua Du licli d di v 6i v An tai Hang lkiOng 1.3 MOt si kinh nghiem cua mO t so nude vd moi qirnn lid Du lich va Hang khong Mu d&u Chuang II: Thuc trang moi quan he giua du lich va hang khong o Viet nam 2.1 Thuc trang phat tridn Hang khong o Viet nam 2.1.1 Cong tac quan ly nha nuic vd hang khong 2.1.2 Hoat dOng kinh doanh hang khong 2.2 Thuc trang phat tridn du lich o Viet Nam 2.2.1 Cong tac quan ly Nha nuic vd du lich 2.2.2 Hoat dOng kinh doanh Du lich thui gian qua 2.3 Mdi quan he du llch va hang khong thoi gian qua 2.3.1 Mdi quan he giua co quan quan ly nha nuic vd hang khong va du lich 2.3.2 Moi quan he giua cac doanh nghiep du lich va hang khong 2.3.3 Moi quan he giua co quan quan ly nha nuic cua nganh vii doanh nghiep cua nganh 2.3.4 Nhung vdn dd noi cOm quan he du lich va hang khong o Viet Nam Chuong III: Nhung giai phap chu yen dd hoan thien moi quan he giua du lich va hang khong tai Viet Nam 3.1 Xu huurng va tridn vong hat triin eua du ich va hhrig khOng 3.1.1 Xu wrung, dridn vong pltth Urfin ci'iu du 1icli vv lhu'ng LuAn an thac sy kinh 13 15 20 20 24 29 38 38 v Hoat dOng kinh doanh cua Hang khong tai Viet Nam, chu y£u chi liVy sO lieu cua Hang Hang khong Quoc gia Viet Nam Vietnam Airlines (chie'm 80% san luong, doanh thu cua toan nganh Hang khong dan dung Viet Nam) IV CAC PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU: D6? giai quyOit cac yeu cdu dd tai dat ra, luan an su dung cac phuong phap sau day: Phuong phap quy nap va didn dich, lich su va logic, truu tuong va cu the, phuong phap so sanh V nhung dong GOP cua LUAN AN: - Chi ro moi quan he bien chung giua hai nganh Hang khong va Du lich noi chung, co ke thUa ti£p thu mOt cach chon loc kinh nghiem cua mOt so nudc tren the gidi - Phan tich, danh gia thuc trang cua hoat dong du lich, hang khong va moi quan he giua hai nganh o Viet Nam thdi gian qua - Neu bat nhung van dd noi cOm quan he giua hai nganh Du lich va Hang khong o Viet Nam - Khai quat hoa nhung xu hudng, tri&i vong phat tridn cua nganh Du lich va Hang khong tren ca giac dO the' gidi, khu vuc va tai Viet Nam - De mOt so giai phap chu ydu nham hoan thien moi quan he giua hai nganh Du lich va Hang khong o Viet Nam VI GIOI THIEU BO CUC CUA LUAN AN: N6i dung chinh cua LuAn an gom co: LuAn an thac sy kinh t& Md DAU Chuong I : Nhung vftn d£ co ban cua quan hd du lich - hang khong Chuong II: Thirc trang moi quan hd giffa Du lich va Hang khong Vidt Nam Chuong III: Nhirng giai phap dd hoan thidn moi quan hd giu'a Du lich va Hang khdng tai Vidt Nam va KET LUAN Ngoai cdn co muc TAI LIEU THAM KHAo (22 tai lidu) va phdn PHU LUC LuAn an thac sy kinh tA CHUONG I: NHUNG VAN DE CO BAN CUA QUAN HE DU LICH HANG KHONG K V A Z < _ 1.1 VAI TRO CUA HANG KHONG DOI VOI SU PHAT TRIEN DU LICH 1.1.1 Didu kidn giao thong vAn tai noi chung Su phat tridn cua du lich doi hoi nhung didu kidn khach quan cdn thi6t nhdt dinh MOt so didu kidn la cdn thidt, bat buOc phai co doi vdi tdt ca cac noi trdn trai ddt mudn phat tridn du lich Do la nhung didu kidn chung dd phat tridn du lich COn mOt so didu kidn khac chi la cdn thidt doi vdi tung chd, tung vung, tung ddt nudc hoac tung loai hinh du lich Nhung didu kidn goi la nhung didu kidn dac thu Didu kidn giao thong vAn tai la mOt nhung didu kidn chung quan nhdt doi vdi su phat tridn du lich Giao thong vAn tai la tidn dd cho su phat tridn du lich Ngay giao thong vAn tai da trd mot nhung nhAn to chinh cho su phat tridn cua du lich, dac bidt la du lich quoc td Trong nhung nam gdn dAy, xu hudng phat tridn cua giao thong, dac bidt la giao thong du lich theo hai hudng chinh sau: a) Phat tridn vd so' luong: Thuc chdt la vidc tang sd' luung va chung loai cac phuong tidn vAn chuydn Su phat tridn vd luung cac phuong tidn vAn chuydn da lam cho mang ludi giao thong vuon tdi duuc moi noi trdn trai ddt (hidn trdn thd gidi co trdn 300 tridu khach du lich di qua bidn gidi cac nudc bang cac phuong tidn vAn chuydn hanh khach quoc td) b) Phat tridn vd chdt luong cac phuong tidn vAn tai theo cac hudng: b.l) Toc vAn chuydn: vidc tang toc vAn chuydn cho phdp tidt kidm thdi gian di lai, kdo dai thdi gian d lai noi du lich va cho phdp khach du lich ddn nhung noi xa xoi b.2) Dam bao an toan vAn chuydn: su tidn bo cua ky thuAt da lam tang ro rdt tinh an toan vAn chuydn hanh khach b.3) Dam bao tidn lui vAn chuydn: cac phuong tidn vAn chuydn cang co du tidn nghi va lam vua ldng hanh khach Trong tuong lai xu hudng se cang phat tridn LuAn an thac sy kinh b.4) VSn chuydn vdi gia re: gia cube van tai co xu hudng giam cho phep nhidu ting ldp nhan dan co thd su dung duoc phuong tien van chuydn Tien bO cua van chuydn hanh khach cdn the' hien su phoi hop cac loai phuong tien van chuydn Didu co y nghia rat ldn su phat tridn cua du lich Su phoi hop co hai muc dO: murc dO quoc gia va mdc dO quoc td Ga hai muc ddu co vai tro quan trong viec van chuydn hanh khach du lich Viec to chUc van tai phoi hop tot cho phep rut ngan thoi gian cho doi d cac didm tuyen va tao thuan loi phai dOi phuong tien van chuydn va lam vua long khach di du lich Ngoai ra, hoat dOng du lich hien dai co tinh phong phu va da dang vd thd loai Viec phan loai cac thd loai du lich duoc thuc hien dua tren cac tien thuc phan loai khac Neu theo tieu thuc phuong tien giao thong chinh ma khach su dung thi du lich duoc phan nhung loai hinh sau: ♦ Du lich xe dap: Phat tridn d nhung nudc co dia hinh bang phang nhu: Ao, Ha Lan, Dan Mach, du lich xe dap thuong duoc to chu’c vao cuoi tuin, sau tuin lam viec cang thing tU 1, den ngay; hoac to chUc tuin sau giO lam viec den nhung didm du lich d gin DAy khong phai la du lich tidm nang vi thuc hien chuydn hanh trinh thoi gian ngan, nguoi phai co suc khoe, chiu tac dOng cua hau, phu thuOc vao duOng xa, nhung loai du lich re tidn, thoai mai khong bi rang buOc (muon nghi thi nghi), tinh co dOng ldn Do vAy loai hinh du lich chu yeu thuong chi thich hop vdi nien vi ho co suc khoe, co thoi gian rOi nhidu, ♦ Du lich bang mo to: Day la loai hinh du lich hien duoc nhidu nguoi ua chuOng (d My, Tiep Khac, ) So vdi di xe dap, du lich mo to co kha nang di den nhung noi xa hon No phu hop vdi nhung khach du lich co thu nhAp binh thudng, khong phu thuOc vao chuyen duong di, dO co dOng ldn, chiu su tac dOng vao thoi tiet hau, dO an toan tuong doi thip Khach di du lich bang mo to tren the gidi co chidu hudng giam nhung nam gin day ♦ Du lich bang o tO: Day la loai hinh du lich lit phO bien, chiem ty cao nhat luong khach du lich (1 cac nudc chau Au loai chiem 80% tOng so LuAn an thac sy kinh te' khach du lich va khach thudng sir dung o to ridng Du lich bang to co Uu didm la co dd an toan cao, tdc dd ldn, it chiu tac ddng cua hau, thdi tidt, co tinh tidn nghi cao; chi phi van chuydn binh thudng, phu hop vdi nhung ngudi co thu nhap binh thudng Tuy nhidn loai hinh du lich co nhirqc didm la phu thudc vao dia hinh dudng xa, thidn dd nang ddng ♦ Du lich tau hoa: Xuft't hidn sau nhung nam 40 cua thd ky 19 Loai hinh du lich co chi phi giao thong thdp ndn nhidu ngirdi co kha nang tham gia Dd an toan tuong doi cao, tidn nghi cao Tuy nhidn d loai hinh du lich tin dd co ddng tha'p, phu thudc vao Id trinh cua chuydn dudng di (thdi gian bidu), thdi gian mat nhidu Do vfty, loai hinh thudng danh cho nhung ngudi co kha nang toan tiling binh, tha'p va cao co thdi gian rdi, thudc vao dia hinh ♦ Du lich bAng tau thuy: La loai hinh du lich xudt hidn tir lftu Ngay nay, tau thuy dung du lich thudng la mdt to hop nhir bao dam nhidu loai dich vu da dang va toan didn Du lich tau thuy thoa man nhu cftu cua khach vd nghi ngoi, giai tri, thd thao, Loai hinh du lich co uu didm la co day du tidn nghi nhu trdn mat da't, nhung ngirdi co quy thdi gian rdi, co kha nang toan , chi phi khong dat lam, dd an toan tuong doi cao, nhung no nhuoc didm la dd co ddng tha'p, phu thudc nhidu vao hau cho ndn loai hinh du lich co xu hudng giam ♦ Du lich bang may bay: DAy la loai hinh du lich co nhidu tridn vong, vdi xu hudng tang nianh Ngay trdn thd' gidi sir dung nhidu loai may bay hidn dai co toe dd cao, co thd di xa ma ton it thoi gian, co trang bi tidn nghi day du, hop vdi so thich cua khach du lich Xu hudng khach di du lich bang may bay la tang ldn khong ngimg Uu didm la thdi gian it, giam sir mdt mdi (sire khoe) toe dd van chuydn ldn, phu hop vdi nlumg chuydn hanh trinh dai, khong phu thudc vao dia hinh Tuy nhidn loai hinh co nhuoc didm la chi phi rad cao, dd an toan khong duoc cao cd thd xay tai nan trdi nhidu may, bao, chi phu hop vdi nhung khach du lich cd kha nang toan cao LuAn an thac sy kinh Phia Hang khong co thd hd trq vd dia didm, mat bang, cac (rang thidt bi edn thidt cho Van phdng va thong tin lidn lac qua mang thong tin chuydn nganh (SITA) cua Hang nhung trudng hqp edn thidt Cac chi phi khac Tong cue du lich chi tra Van phdng du lich Vidt Nam boat ddng ddc lAp dudi sir chi dao cua Tong cue du lich Vidt Nam va phdi hqp chat che vdi Dai didn cua Hang khong Vidt Nam cac hoat ddng khuydn mai du lich Vidt Nam tai thi trudng c) vd phia cor quan quan ly Nha nude vd Du lich: ♦ Tong cue Du lich se hudng dAn cac Cong ty Lu’ hanh qudc td Vidt Nam tftp trung thu hut khach du lich di bang may bay cua cac Hang Hang khdng Vidt Nam trdn cac tuydn bay qudc td va ndi dia ♦ Tdng cue Du lich Vidt Nam edn thong bao cho Cue Hang khdng dAn dung qui hoach phat tridn du lich viing, dai phuong, qudc gia, Tir dd, hai nganh cd sir phoi hqp nhip nhang dd thu hut khach tdi cac viing phat tridn du lich vi lqi ich chung va Iqi ich mdi nganh ♦ Tong cue du lich Vidt Nam xem xet vide cAp phep kinh doanh du lich cho Hang khdng Vidt Nam dd tang cirdng kha nang thu hut khach khuon kho, dinh hudng nhAt dinh nliArn phat tridn du lich Vidt Nam ndi chung d) vd phia cac doanh nghidp cua hai nganh: ♦ Doanh nghidp gifra hai nganh cAn cimg phat ddng khach du lich tai nhung thi tnrdng ma hang khdng Vidt Nam cd dudng bay Dac bidt la cac mua thAp didm cua hang khdng hay du lich, doanh nghidp hai bdn edn cimg ban bac tim bidn phap thu hilt khach manh me, nhu: cimg quang cao (in tAp gAp chung, xAy dung phim truydn hinh, bang hinh quang cao vd dAt nirdc, ), xAy dung cac chuong trinh du lich iron goi hay tirng phAn vdi gia giam (do chi phi may bay, chi phi khach san, vAn chuydn mat ddt, hay tang thdm cac dich vu ma khach duqc hudng ♦ Cac cong ty lu hanh cAn uu tidn ban ve cho cac Hang hang khdng vidt Nam, cung cAp cho Hang nhung thong tin kip thdi, chinh xac vd cac Hang hang khdng nude ngoai hay didm du lich canh tranh (ndu cd) LuAn An (line sy kinh tA 52 ♦ Cac Hang hang khong Vidt Nam cdn Uu ti£n cho cac cong ty lu hanh lam dai ly ban ve may bay, co chinh sach gia, hoa hong hop ly va trao doi nhung thong tin kip thdi, chinh xac vd cac dich vu du lich va ngoai nudc ma minh bidt duoc ♦ Doanh nghidp cua ca hai nganh ddu cdn phai nftng cao chftt luong dich vu cua minh Ddi vdi hang khong va thai dd, ung xi’r cua tidp vidn, nhan vidn ban ve hang khong, chdt luong bua an trdn may bay, va ddi vdi cac doanh nghidp lu hanh dd la chdt luong ciia hudng dftn vidn du lich, khach san, phuc vu tai nha hang, dich vu vui choi giai tri, Cong tac phuc vu khach phai kdt hop hai hda giua dac didm dftn tdc Vidt Nam, dac tinh A dong va tinh hidn dai cua thdi dai 3.2.4 Nhung kidn nghi ddi vdi Nha nudc va cac BO nganh lidn quan: ♦ Chinh phu cdn phat huy vai trd la ngudi chi dao nganh du lich va hang khong va thidt lftp, tao moi trudng phap ly nham tri mdi quan hd giua hai nganh Cdng vide trudc mat la Chinh phii ydu cdu hai nganh bao cao lai nhung thoa thuftn da dat duqc va nhung vu'dng mac cftn thao go, tit dd Chinh phii chi dao timg nganh phai lam vide gi tidp theo ♦ Chinh phu ydu cdu Tdng cue du lich nhanh chong hoan tftt cac du thao va dd nghi Qudc hdi thong qua Phap ldnh Du lich va tidn tdi la Luftt Du lich, tir dd mdi tao didu kidn va hanh lang phap ly cho cac doanh nghidp kinh doanh linh vuc du lich ♦ Chinh phii cftn cd van ban ydu cdu hai nganh du lich va hang khong, xfty dung qui hoach tdng thd phat tridn ciia nganh minh phai tham khao trudc y kidn, dong gop ciia nganh va cimg thong nhftt cac thi trudng uu tidn khai thac, cum cang hang khong, vimg du lich uu tidn phat tridn, ♦ Dd tao didu kidn cho khach vao thuftn lqi, Cue Hang khdng dftn dung Vidt Nam va Tdng cue Du lich cung phdi hop kidn nghi Chinh phii ban hanh, sira doi, bd sung mdt sd chinh sach vd du lich nhir chinh sach vd thi thuc nhftp canh (visa) nhir: cho dirqc eftp thi thuc nhftp canh tai cac cufa khftu dudng hang khdng cho khach du lich nudc thd ba qua nudc ban, keo dai tour sang Vidt Nam dd khach du lich khdng phai quay lai xin visa tai cac co quan dai didn ngoai giao ciia Vidt Nam d nude ngoai; bo visa ddi vdi khach du lich ddn tir nhung nude ASEAN nhu cac nude vidn ASEAN da thuc hidn Lufin an thac sy kinh t£ 53 ♦ Kidn nghi Chinh phu cho phep Tong cue du lich dat cac Phong thong tin du lich tai cac sAn bay co nhidu khach qudc td: Ndi Bai, TSn Son Nhdt, Da Nang, Hud dd true tidp thong tin, hudng dftn khach ♦ Kidn nghi Chinh phu cdp Ngftn sach dd Tong cue Du lich Vidt Nam duoc md Van phdng dai didn d nude ngoai, trudc hdt la d mdt sd nudc dAu mdi nhu Phap, Singapore, Nhat Ban, nham day manh cdng tac tidp thi , quang ba Du lich Vidt Nam nude ngoai Chinh phu ydu can Cue Hang khdng dan dung Vidt Nam cd nhung giup dd, hd tro can thidt cho hoat ddng ciia cac Van phdng dai didn du lich Vidt Nam tai nude ngoai ♦ Chinh phu cdn cd cac buoi hop thudng xuydn vdi lanh dao cua ca hai nganh nham dua dinh hudng cho boat ddng cua hai nganh va thdi tim cac vudng mac giua hai nganh va chi dao giai quydt kip thdi cac vudng mac LuAn an thac sy kinh t6 54 KET LUAN LuAn an da trinh bay mdt so vAn dd ly luAn vd moi quan he giua hai nganh du lich va hang khdng va kdt qua nghidn cuu thuc trang boat ddng cua hai nganh Hang khdng va Du lich tai Vidt Nam va mdi quan hd giua hai nganh thdi gian qua BAng each vAn dung mdt each hai hoa cac phuong phap nghidn cuu ly thuyd't, luAn an da tAp trung phAn tich: ♦ Mdi quan hd tuong hd giua du lich va hang khdng tai Vidt Nam thdi gian qua Mdi quan hd da duqc phAn tich ky trdn ca giac dd giua cac quan ly nha nude, giua cac doanh nghidp va giua cd quan quan ly nha nude nganh vdi doanh nghidp nganh ♦ Trdn co sd phAn tich mdi quan hd giua hai nganh, luAn an da rut nhung vAn dd ndi edm quan hd giua hai nganh Hang khdng va Du lich Vidt Nam thdi gian qua ♦ Tu thuc trang, bai hoc kinh nghidm, xu hudng phat tridn cua hai nganh du lich va hang khdng trdn thd gidi, khu vuc va Vidt Nam, luAn an rut nhung vAn dd dat ciia nganh du lich hay hang khdng Vidt Nam trudc nhung xu hudng dd Tu dd luAn an dd xuA't, kidn nghi cac giai phap chu ydu nham hoan thidn mdi quan hd giua hai nganh du lich va hang khdng tai Vidt Nam Nhung giai phap theo nhung nguydn tac chung quan hd giua hai nganh, tAp trung vao cac nhom sau: ♦ Nhung giai phap vd to chuc va co chd' chinh sach ♦ Nhung giai phap vd kinh td' - ky thuAt ♦ Nhung kidn nghi ddi vdi Nha nude va cac Bd nganh cd lidn quan Vd mat thuc tidn, cung tu thuc trang ciia nganh du lich va hang khdng trdn thd' gidi va chAu A - Thai Binh Duong hang chuc nam qua vdi nhung tu lidu phong phu, da dang, luAn an cung da di sAu phAn tich thuc trang cua Hang khdng va Du lich cua Vidt Nam va mdi quan hd giua hai nganh thdi gian qua Bai vidt da tAp hqp, lira chon va chat loc nhidu tu lidu co gia tri, cAp nhAt va LuAn An thac sy kinh t& 55 phu hop vdi dd tai trinh bay dong thdi da manh dan dd mOt sd giai phap nham thuc dAy mdi quan hd giua hai nganh Hang khong va Du lich d Vidt Nam Tuy nhidu thdi gian nghidn cuu co han va kliuOn kho ciia luAn an thac sy cung nhu vi nhung kho khan khach quan nghidn cuu, khai quat hoa mdi quan hd giifa hai nganh kinh td' dac thu ciia dat nudc ndn chac chan nhidu vail dd chua duoc nghidn cuu day du va sau sac Tac gia se tidp tuc nghidn cuu cac cong trinh tidp sau Mdt ldn nCra, tac gia xin duoc cam on tap thd tlidy co giao Khoa Du lich Khach san trudng Dai hoc Kinh td' Qudc dan - Ha NOi, thdy giao PGS.PTS Nguydn Van Dinh, PGS.PTS Trdn Hau Thu', PGS.PTS Nguydn Thanh DO, GS.TS Nguydn Van Thirdng, PTS Nguydn Van Luu, va cac ban ddng nghidp da tan tinh giup dd, gop y, dOng vidn qua trinh hoan ludn an nay./ Ha N6i, thang 5/1998 LuAn an thac sy kinh t& 56 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Ban tin cua Tdng cdng ty HKVNsd 1/1997 Ban tin cua Tdng cdng ty HKVNsd'l0/1997 Ban tin cua Tdng cdng ty HK VN so' 15 15/01/1998 Bao cao bidn phap thirc hidn kd hoach 1998 ciia Tdng cdng ty HK VN Bao cao tinh hinh kd't qua hoat ddng nam 1997 va plurong hirong nhidm vu nam 1998 cua nganh du lich Bao cao cua Tong cue du lich, thang 1/1998) [6] Dir an VIE/89/003 vd "kd hoach chi dao va phat tridn du lich Vidt Nam 1991- 2005” [ ] Dn thao kd hoach to chu’c hOi thao “Sirhop tac giffa Hang khdng va Du lich Vidt Nam" cua So Du lich Ho Chi Minh, 7-1996 [9] Dd an phat tridn du lich, Vidn nghidn cdu phat tridn du lich, 1992 [ 10] Hang khdng ddn dung Vidt Nam Nhung chang dirong lich sir Nha xudt ban chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha NOi 1995 [11] Lich bay mua