Thực trạng và giải pháp huy động đầu tư vào các khu công nghiệp tại thành phố hải phòng

TRUONG BAI HOC KINH TE QUOC BAN Nguyin Triing Tuyen THUC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP HUY DONG DAU TU VAO CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP TAJ THANH PHO HAI PHONG Ha Ndi, N£m 2010 jl J TRU’O’NG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN DAI HOC KTQD TT THONG TIN THU WEN PHONG LUAN AIN • TV LIEU w _ r Nguyen Trung Tuyen THUC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP HUY DONG DAU TV VAO • • • CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP • TAI • THANH PHO HAI PHONG Chuyen nganh: Kinh te dau tv LUAN VAN THAC SI KINH TE NGVdl HUONG DAN KHOA HOC: TS NGUYEN HONG MINH TH MMA? Ha Noi, Nam 2010 LOI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan noi dung luan van la cong trinh nghien ci'ru khoa hoc doc lap cua toi Cac so lieu, ket qua phan tich neu luan van la trung thuc va co nguon goc ro rang NGUYEN TRUNG TUYEN MUC LUC • • MODAU Chumig 1: LY LUAN CHUNG VE KHU CONG NGHIEP VA HUY DONG DAU TU VAO KHU CONG NGHIEP 1.1 Khai quat chungve khu cong nghiep: 1.1.1 Khdi niem ve khu cong nghiep: 1.1.2 Tinh khach quan viec hinh KCN 1.1.3 Vai tro, muc tieu lap KCN 1.1.4 Doanh nghiep KCN 10 1.1.5 Kinh doanh ket cau tang KCN: 10 1.1.5.1 Ket cau tang KCN 10 1.1.5.2 Hoat dong kinh doanh ket cau tang KCN: 11 1.1.6 Ban quan ly KCN cap tinh, 11 1.2 Nhung van de co- ban ve huy dong dau tu- vao KCN 12 1.2.1 Noi dung cua hoat dong dau tu" vdo KCN 12 1.2.2 Cong tdc huy dong dau tic vdo KCN 13 1.2.2.1 Cong tac huy dong dau tu cua chinh quyen dia phuong vao KCN 13 1.2.2.2 Cong tac huy dong dau tu SXKD cua cong ty phat trien CSHT vao KCN 14 1.2.2.3 Cac chi tieu danh gia huy dong dau tu vao KCN 27 1.2.2.4 Cac nhan to anh huong den huy dong dau tu vao KCN 27 1.2.2.5 Sir can thiet huy dong dau tu vao KCN 33 1.3 Kinh nghiem cua mot so dia phuvng va nuoc ngoai 34 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem cua Tinh Hai Dieffng: 34 1.3.2 Kinh nghiem cua Dai Loan: 37 1.3.3 Kinh nghiem cua Nhqt Ban huy dong dau tie: 41 Chuvng 2: THUC TRANG TINH HINH HUY DONG DAU TlT VAO CAC KCN TAI THANH PHO HAI PHONG 44 2.1 Dac diem chung ve tu’ nhien, kinh te xa hoi cua Hai Phong 44 2.1.1 Dac diem ve tie nhien 44 2.1.2 Dac diem kinh te xa hoi cua Hai Phong 46 2.2 Thue trang huy dong dau tu’ phat trien co1 so1 tang cac KCN tai Hai Phong 53 2.2.1 Licit sir hinh vd phat trien cac KCN tai Hai Phong 2.2.2 Thue trang huy dong dau tu- CSHT cac KCN tai Hai Phong 54 2.2.2.1 KCN Nomura- Hai Phong: 55 2.2.2.2 KCN Dinh Vu: 55 2.2.23 KCN D6 San Hai Phong: 56 2.2.2.4 KCN Trang Due: 57 2.2.2.5 KCN Nam du Kien: 58 2.2.2.6 Cac KCN khac danh muc uu tien lap den nam 2015: 58 2.2.2.7 Cac KCN khac danh muc uu tien lap den nam 2020: 60 2.2.2.8 Chinh sach huy dong dau tu cua vdi cac cong ty phat trien tang KCN: 60 2.2.2.9 Tinh hinh dau tu CSHT cac KCN tai Hai Phong: 63 23 Thue trang huy dong dau tu- san xuat - kinh doanh vao cac KCN tai Hai Phong 67 2.3.1 Tinh hinh huy dong dau ticSXKD vao cac KCN tai Hai Phong 67 23.1.1 Tinh hinh huy dong cac du an va von dau tu vao cac KCN: 67 23.1.2 Tinh hinh su dung dat cua cac du an dau tu cac KCN: 72 23.13 Tinh thu hut tao viec lam cho ngudi lao dong: 73 2.3.2 Cac chinh sach huy dong dau tu1 SXKD vao cac KCN tai Hai Phong ’ 75 23.2.1 Cac du an dune khuyen khich dau tu: .76 23.2.2 Chinh sach huy dong dau tu cua vdi cac du an dau tu SXKD vao KCN: 76 2.3.23 Chinh sach huy dong dau tu cua Cong ty phat trien co sd tang vdi cac du an dau tu SXKD vao KCN: 80 2.4 Thue trang dau tu1 ngoai hang rao cac KCN tai Hai Phong 83 2.4.1 Dinh hirong cua Chinh phu xay diyng cac KCN 83 2.4.2 Tinh hinh dau tu- CSHT ngoai hang rao cac KCN 85 2.5 Nhung nguyen nhan va han che cong tac huy dong dau hr vao cac KCN tai Hai Phong 89 2.5.1 Han che cdng tac huy dong dau tic SXKD vao cac KCN: 89 2.5.2 Cdng tac thong tin, giai quyet cac vuffng mac cua nha dau tu: 90 2.5.3 Cdng tac qudn ly nha niccrc va thu tuc hdnh chinh: 90 2.5.4 Van de huy dong die an dau tic va eff so' tang cac KCN: .91 2.5.5 Hoqt dong dau tu- CSHT, xd hoi ngoai hang rao cac KCN: 92 2.5.6 Chat luffng nguon lao dong: 93 2.5.7 Cac nguyen nhan co' ban: 93 Chuotig 3: MOT SO GIAI PHAP DAY MANH HUY DONG DAU TU" VAO CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP TAI THANH PHO HAI PHONG 95 3.1 Quan diem va dinh hudng phat trien KCN tai Hai Phong 95 3.1.1 Quan diem phat trien cdng nghiep cua Hai Phong 95 3.1.2 Dinh hu'dng phat trien va huy dong dau tic vao cac KCN tai Hai Phong tho'i gian tffi 97 3.2 Giai phap day manh huy dong dau tir vao cac KCN tai Hai Phong 99 3.2.1 Cac giai phap tiephia chinh quyen dia phieffng 99 3.2.1.1 Xay dung va ban hanh cac van ban quy hoach cong nghiep va KCN: 100 3.2.1.2 Dieu chinh, bo sung chinh sach iru dai khuyen khich dau tu vao KCN theo hubng thong thoang: 101 3.2.1.3 Thue hien chinh sach ho trq xay dung CSHT ngoai hang rao KCN theo huong ket hop voi muc tieu phat trien KT-XH b dia phuong: 102 3.2.1.4 Kien toan to chuc bo may Ban quan ly cac KCN va hoan thien co che "mot cua, tai cho" nham tao moi trubng hanh chinh thuan loi cho nha dau tu: 102 3.2.1.5 Thue hien mo hinh Ban quan ly cac KCN la.chu dau tu xay dung co sb tang KCN: 104 3.2.1.6 Day manh huy dong dau tu vao KCN: 106 3.2.2 Cac giaiphap cua chu dau tie eff so’ tang KCN Hdi Phong 107 3.2.2.1 Phan tich ma tran SWOT voi cac chu dau tu co sb tang KCN: 3.2.2.2 Giai phap ve thi trubng: 115 3.2.2.3 Giai phap ve san pham: 115 3.2.2.4 Giai phap ve gia: 116 3.2.2.5 Giai phap ve nhan lire: 118 3.2.2.6 Giai phap ve to chuc bo may quanly: 119 3.2.2.7 Giai phap ve tuyen truyen co dong: 119 3.2.2.8 Xay dung moi lien he cong dong va lien ket kinh te noi bo KCN cung nhu giua KCN voi chinh quyen va nhan dan dia phuong: 122 KETLUAN 124 MUC LUC BANG, BIEU DO Bang 2.1a Tinh hinh tang truong kinh te cua TP Hai Phong giai doan 2005 - 2009 46 Bieu 2.1a Toe tang truong kinh te cua TP Hai Phong giai doan 2005 - 2009 47 Bang 2.1b GDP va co cau gia tri san pham cua Hai Phong giai doan 2005 - 200947 Bieu 2.1 b Co cau GDP cua Hai Phong giaidoan 2005 - 2009 48 Bieu 2.1c Co cau kinh te HaiPhong nam 2009 52 Bang 2.2.2a Mien tien thue dat 61 Bang 2.2.2b Muc ho tro chi phi san lap 62 Bang 2.2.2c Thong ke tien ho tro giai phong mat bang cac KCN giai doan 2005 2009 ’ 62 Bang 2.2.2d Tinh thinh huy dong dau tu CSHT cac KCH tai Hai phong 66 Bang 2.3.1a Tinh hinh huy dong du an dau tu vao cac KCN tai Hai Phdng nam 2009 67 Bang 2.3.1b So lieu huy dong FD1 vao cac KCN tai Hai Phong giai doan 20052009 .’ 68 Bieu 2.3 la Tinh hinh huy dong du an dau tu vao cac KCN tai Hai Phong nam 2009 69 Bieu 2.3.1 b Co cau von dau tu vao cac KCN Hai Phong nam 2009 70 Bieu 2.3.1c: Co cau von dau tu theo nganh nghe cac KCN nam 2009 70 Bieu 2.3.1 d: Co cau dau tu nganh nghe tinh theo so du an 71 Bang 2.3.1c: Ti le lap day cac KCN Hai Phong tinh den thang 12/2009 73 Bang 2.3.Id: Thu nhap binh quan cua lao dong Viet Nam 74 Bang 2.3.2a: U'u dai ve cac loai thue 77 Bang 2.3.2b Tong so von xay dung co so tang KCN dang hoat dong 81 Bang 2.3.2c Gia thue dat cac KCN tai Hai Phong 82 Bang 2.4.2a Tinh thinh dau tu CSHT ngoai hang rao cac KCH tai Hai phong 87 Bang 2.5a So du an dau tu hang nam vao cac KCN tai Hai Phong 91 Bang 3.1.1a Nhu cau ve von giai doan 2006 - 2020 96 Bang 3.1.2a Tinh hinh phat trien cac KCN Hai Phong den 2020 98 Bang 3.2.2a Ma tran SWOT hinh phuong an huy dong dau tu cua cac chu dau tu CSHT KCN o Hai Phong 109 DANH MUC CAC CHU" VIET TAT Nguyen nghla TT Chw viet tat CN Cong nghiep CSHT Co1 so tang HEPIZA KCN KCX-KCN KHCN Khoa hoc cong nghe KT-XH Kinh te - xa hoi DDI Dau tu' true tiep niroc DN Doanh nghiep 10 DTNN 11 FD1 Dau tu true tiep nuoc ngoai 12 ODA Ho trp phat trien chinh thuc 13 SX 14 SXKD San xuat kinh doanh 15 TNHH Trach nhiem huu han 16 UBND Uy ban nhan dan 17 USD 18 XHCN Ban quan ly cac KCX-KCN tai Hai Phong Khu cong nghiep Khu che xuat - Khu cong nghiep Dau tu nuoc ngoai San xuat Do la My Xa hoi chii nghla TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ~ _ _ r Nguyen Trung Tuyen THUC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP HUY DONG DAU TU VAO • • • CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP • TAI • THANH PHO HAI PHONG Chuyen nganh: Kinh te dau tu TOM TAT LU AN VAN THAC SI Ha Noi, Nam 2010 i Chuong 1: Ly luan chung ve khu cong nghiep va huy dong dau tu’vao khu cong nghiep Trong chuong tac gia da lam ro nhirng van de ly luan chung ve khu cong nghiep (KCN) va cong tac huy dong dau tu vao KCN, dac diem dau tu vao KCN, qua neu cac yeu cau doi vdi cong tac huy dong dau tu vao KCN Cu the: 1.1 Khai quat chung ve khu cong nghiep: Kluii niem ve khu cdng nghiep: KCN la khu tap trung cac doanh nghiep chuyen san xuat hang cong nghiep va thue hien cac dich vu san xuat cong nghiep, co ranh giai dia ly xac dinh, khong co dan cu sinh song, Chinh phu hoac Thu tudng Chinh phu quyet dinh lap Noi dung cong tac huy dong dau tu' vao KCN gdm: (1) Cdng tac huy dong dau tu cua chinh quyen dia phuong gom cac noi dung: Nghien cun dua cac chu truong, giai phap, co che, chinh sach uu dai van dong chu dau tu xay dung co so tang (CSHT), nha dau tu san xuat - kinh doanh (SXKD) vao KCN va dau tu phat trien CSHT xa hoi ngoai hang rao KCN (2) Cdng tac huy dong dau tu cua chu dau tu CSHT KCN gom cac noi dung: Phan tich thi truong, trien khai cac giai phap, chinh sach uu dai dau tu nham tao sue hap dan, van dong chu dau tu thue mua CSHT KCN de to chuc SXKD Cac giai phap huy dong thudng dupe sir dung gom: Giai phcip huy dong ve ca che, chinh sach; Giai phap huy dong ve lai the so sanh, lai the cqnh tranh; Giai phap huy dong qua nghien cun, phan tich, du bao 1.2 Cac dac diem chu yeu cua hoat dong dau tu' vao KCN: Tac gia da phan tich cac dac diem chu yeu cua hoat dong dau tu vao KCN gom: (1) Hoat dong dau tu vdo KCN cd chi phi dau tu lern, chi phi CSHT chiem ty chu yeu tong so von nhdt la doi vdi chu dau tu CSHT; (2) Thu tuc hanh chinh dau tu vdo KCN gon nhe va duac hudng cac chinh sach uu dai; (3) Yeu cau ve trinh do, ky thuqt doi vdi cac nha dau tu cao, thue hien tot quy dinh ve luoc mang tinh kha thi truong hop la phat trien san pham dua tren co so cap phoi hop W2W3O4 la chinh va cap phoi hop ho tro la W1O2O3 Nhu vay, ta da dua dupe hai phuong an chien luoc kha thi cua Cong ty ddi vdi KCN (Phuong an 1) - Chien luoc tham nhap thi trudng ket hop dong thdi vdi phat trien thi trudng va (Phuong an 2) - chien luoc phat trien san pham Tuy nhien viec lua chon, ap dung chien luoc nao can phai xem xet, danh gia chien luoc cd phu hop den muc nao vdi mdi trudng kinh doanh cua Cdng ty, co kha nang dat dupe muc tieu chien luoc khong Vi vay viec lua chon phuong an tdi uu can dupe so sanh kha nang cua tung phuong an ddi vdi mot sd yeu cau sau - Kha nang dat dupe muc tieu chien luoc cua KCN: + Ddi vdi phuong an 1: Do biet su dung cac diem manh san co de khai thac co hoi dau tu dang cd xu hudng tang nen cd the dat dupe muc tieu tang trudng vai nam tdi mot each nhanh chong Tuy nhien neu tiep tuc trien khai lau dai thi hieu qua se khong cao cac diem manh von cd se khong phu hop va nhu cau dau tu cung se thay ddi + Ddi vdi phuong an 2: Neu ap dung phuong an thi se khong the dat dupe muc tieu tang trudng dupe vi hien dang co cac diem yeu ma ban than Cdng ty chua the khac phuc kip, viec ap dung se bo qua diem manh danh mat co hoi hien huu, dong thdi nguon luc tai chinh Cdng ty cung khong co kha nang dam duong dupe Tuy nhien neu dupe ap dung sau mot giai doan tang trudng nhat dinh thi se phu hop, luc khong nhung dat dupe muc tieu tang trudng ma ca muc tieu khac Day se la chien luoc phat trien lau dai va ben vung - Kha nang khai thac dupe cac co hoi dau tu kinh doanh + Ddi vdi phuong an 1: Co kha nang don bat nhanh dupe cac co hoi gan dang hien huu nhu nhu cau thue dat san xuat; thue kho tang, nha xudng, xay lap Con cac co hoi kinh doanh d tuong lai xa hon hoac cac nhu cau Dich vu - Thuong mai KCN thi kem hieu qua + Ddi vdi phuong an 2: Cd kha nang di sau khai thac dupe nhieu co hoi kinh doanh, nhieu nhu cau dich vu KCN dang d dang tiem nang, hien tai chua 113 phai la cap bach, noi troi nhung dan dan theo da tang truong cua KCN se trcr nhu cau cap thiet, khong the thieu Tuy nhien viec thuc hien phuong an ddi hoi can phai co nhieu cong sue, thoi gian va nguon luc tai chinh - Muc an toan dau tu kinh doanh: The hien d kha nang tan dung duoc the manh de tranh hoac han che duoc cac de doa, rui ro tir ben ngoai Ro rang theo yeu cau thi phuong an co uu the hon han phuong an bdi phuong an khai thac duoc diem manh san cd de nam bat co hoi hien tai phuong an dua tren nen tang khac phuc diem yeu hien tai de chuyen yeu diem uu diem tuong lai - Tinh kha thi cua chien luoc : Phuong an vdi cac cap S, S2 O2 va S3 O4 co tinh kha thi cao hon so vdi phuong an vdi cac cap W2 W3 O4 va Wt W2 O3 hai yeu to la thdi gian va nguon luc tai chinh anh hudng ldn den tinh kha thi cua mdi phuong an Tuy nhien neu ap dung ve sau tinh kha thi phuong an se nang cao hon - Kha nang cai thien vi the canh tranh: Vdi cac uu diem san cd cua minh phuong an cd kha nang tao mot vi the canh tranh noi troi hon mot vai nam sap toi, nhien nd se khong dam bao tri dupe vi the tuong lai xa hon so vdi phuong an 2, neu phuong an chua dupe thuc hien mot each hpp ly, cd hieu qua Ngoai cac yeu cau da neu d tren , thi thuc hien phuong an cd mot so mat khac cd uu diem hon so vdi phuong an va tang dan theo thdi gian thuc hien nhu : - Phat huy tinh nang dong, linh hoat cua Cong ty nghien cuu thi trudng, ap dung chinh sach Marketing phat trien cac san pham dich vu cd chat lupng cao - Tao them cong an viec lam, gop phan tang thu nhap cho ngudi lao dong, gop phan chuyen dich co cau kinh te - Viec trien khai nhieu hoat dong dich vu - kinh doanh phuc vu KCN se tao cho khach hang cd mot cam nhan rang KCN khong phai la mot cong trudng ldn hoac la khu tap trung cac nha may, doanh nghiep ma la mot mdi trudng san xuat kinh doanh thuan lpi; la dia chi de an cu, lap nghiep cua cac nha dau tu 114 3.2.2.2 Giai phap ve thi trirong: Hien cong tac nghien cuu thi truong doi vdi KCN Hai Phdng chua duoc chu dau tu co so tang KCN to chuc thuc hien mot each quy md, co ke hoach Tuy nhien ta can cd su nghien cuu thi trudng d muc khai quat dieu kien cd the dupe lam co sd cho viec thuc hien cac phuong an chien luoc Ddi vdi KCN, khach hang la loai thi trudng DN san xuat vdi nhung dac diem, nhu cau rieng cua minh Viec nghien cuu khach hang duoc phan theo nganh nghe san xuat va phan theo ngudn hinh von dau tu Ve nganh nghe, hien chu yeu khach hang la cac doanh nghiep san xuat cdng nghiep nhe, lap rap dien tu Cac KCN Nomura - Hai Phdng, KCN Dinh Vu la cac KCN huy dong sd doanh nghiep cd nganh nghe tuong ddi da dang Rieng ddi vdi KCN Nam cau Kien cac doanh nghiep dau tu vao day chu yeu la doanh nghiep hoat dong stra chua va dong mdi tau thuyen Ve ngudn von, nhu da phan tich co cau thuc trang ngudn von dau tu vao KCN thi von FDI chien den 59%, von lien doanh chiem 29% va von nudc chi chiem 12% tong sd von Nhu vay, cd the xac dinh thi trudng muc tieu cua cac chu dau tu vao KCN Hai Phdng thdi gian 3.2.2.3 Giai phap ve san pham: Giai phap ve san pham bao gom cac chinh sach nhu quyet dinh ve loai san pham, chinh sach lien ket, chinh sach nang cao chat lupng san pham dich vu va chinh sach phat trien san pham mdi da dupe the hien muc tieu phat trien KCN d Hai Phdng Ngoai ra, chinh sach ve san pham can thuc hien viec dinh vi san pham theo hudng tao dac diem khac biet: Sau xac dinh dupe mot vai phan doan cua thi trudng can tham nhap, phat trien; doanh nghiep can phai tao mot sd uu diem noi troi so vdi mot sd KCN lan can nham dat dupe su quan tam, chu y cua khach hang Muc danh gia cua khach hang ddi vdi san pham dich vu KCN the hien vi tri cua KCN tam tri khach hang Ddi vdi KCN de tao dac diem khac biet can dua vao viec phat huy cac diem manh cua mot sd yeu to ben ma doanh nghiep tao lap dupe nhu sau: 115 - San pham chinh - Co so tang KCN: hoan chinh, dong bo hon Day la diem kho nhung can phai lam va co the lam dupe bang ke hoach dau tu hop ly "cuon chieu di lien voi dong bo" - San pham phu - Xay dung va kinh doanh nha xudng, nha lam viec, nha kho: nhanh hon, de hon, yen tam hon - Dich vu tu van dau tu, dich vu SXKD: san sang hon, day du hon - Nhan su: Tan tinh, chu dao hon - Bieu tuong: Can thiet ke va quang ba logo mang tinh dac trung rieng cho KCN Trong qua trinh phat trien cua KCN, mot so yeu to khac biet cua san pham co the dupe dieu chinh bo sung cho phu hop voi chien luoc phat trien KCN Theo phuong an chien luoc da phan tich thi sau nam 2009, yeu to san pham dupe dieu chinh bo sung de nang vi the canh tranh: He thong san pham - dich vu hoan thien chat luong cao Day la chien luoc dinh vi san pham theo khach hang Can kheo leo ket hop cac san pham va dich vu ho tro khac de tao tap hop san pham - dich vu hoan chinh va co kha nang dap ung nhu cau cao cho doanh nghiep KCN 3.2.2.4 Giai phap ve gia: * Dac diem chung Gia thue dat KCN la yeu to rat quan trong viec huy dong dau tu vi day la khoan chi phi kha Ion thuong dupe dua so sanh giua cac KCN nen co tinh nhay cam cao Nhin chung, gia cho thue dat tai cac KCN pham vi ca nuoc co mot so dac diem sau: - Gia thue dat tai cac KCN d khu vuc co su chenh lech dang ke: + Khu vuc phia nam co gia cao nhat nuoc, thuong ldn hon 01 USD/m2/nam: nhat la d mot so KCN TP Ho Chi Minh va Dong Nai xap xi 02 USD/nr/nam + Khu vuc kinh te Bac Bo co gia thue dat thap nhat ca nudc thudng tu 0,5 USD/m2/ nam Xu hudng gia thue dat tu nam 1997 tro lai day cang giam nhu cau dau tu giam sut va ap luc canh tranh giua cac KCN - Chinh sach gia cua da so cac KCN 116 + Thuong khong phan biet giua dau tu nude ngoai vdi dau tu nudc de tao mdi trudng kinh doanh binh dang nham huy dong nhieu hon nua nguon vdn dau tu nudc ngoai + Duoc on dinh lau dai suot thdi gian thue dat theo hop dong da dupe ky ket, giup cho nha dau tu chu dong tinh toan duoc chi phi thue dat, hach toan duac chi phi cd dinh khau san xuat Cd mot sd KCN thuc hien viec giam gia sau 5-10 nam thue dat Gia thue dat thudng cd khung dao dong tir 20% - 50% theo tung du an, can cu vao cac yeu to; phuong thuc toan, nganh nghe dau tu, quy md dau tu hoac dien tich dat thue, vi the lo dat *Thuc trang gia thue dat tai KCN lan can Gia thue dat dia KCN d Hai Phong so vdi cac KCN lan can cdn tuong ddi cao dac biet ddi vdi KCN Hung Yen, Hai Duong Day la cac KCN cd kha nang canh tranh cao nhat ddi vdi KCN Hai Phdng Gia thue dat KCN Hai Phdng cd sir phan biet theo yeu to tung dir an nhung chua nghien cuu xay dung mot quy dinh cu the de ap dung chung cho cac du an nen mang tinh chu quan, xu ly theo tinh hudng *Chinh sach gia thue dat tai cac KCN d Hai Phong Tir tinh hinh thuc te tren, can thuc hien mot sd phuong hudng, chinh sach gia nhu sau: - Cong ty phat trien dau tu KCN Hai Phong can phoi hap vdi Ban quan ly KCN Hai Phong nghien cuu day du hon ve chinh sach gia noi chung va gia thue dat noi rieng d cac KCN lan can, de mot chinh sach gia phu hap cd tinh canh tranh cao Mat khac, Cong ty can khai thac manh han nua lai the so sanh cua minh (yeu to S2) ve viec dau tu hop ly, quan ly xay dung chat che, tiet kiem chi phi de co gia dau tu thap, lam ca sd thuc hien gia canh tranh - Khung gia can xac dinh giai doan 2005 -2009 d muc toi thieu USD z n \ va toi da USD/m / nam, ap dung on dinh theo tung du an, khong phan biet dau tu nudc va nudc ngoai nham gianh lai the ban dau viec huy dong dau tu nudc ngoai thdi gian tdi 117 Ngoai gia, phi dich vu tang cung la van de quan trong, so vdi cac KCN d Htrng Yen va Hai Duong, Ha Noi, phi tang cua Hai Phdng dang d muc cao 0,4USD/m /nam Can phai cd bien phap giam phi dich vu tang vi thuc chat day cung cd the coi la mot khoan gia thue dat 3.2.2.5 Giai phap ve nhan luc: Du kien nhu cau lao dong lap day cac KCN Hai Phdng la 50.000 lao dong, hien chi cd hon 30.000 lao dong Vi vay su phat trien KCN Hai Phong thdi gian tdi se doi hoi can cd ngudn nhan luc kha ldn, du ve so luong va dam bao ve chat luong de tham gia vao cdng tac quan ly va true tiep san xuat Cdng tac dao tao ngudn nhan luc bao gom ca cho Chu dau tu co sd tang KCN va cac doanh nghiep (DN) KCN dang boat dong Ddi vdi nhan luc cua KCN, cdng tac tuyen dung dao tao lao dong cung ung cho ca ccr sd san xuat KCN dupe thuc hien nhu la mot dich vu phuc vu san xuat kinh doanh cd thu phi tren co sd hop dong cung ung lao dong giua DN KCN cd nhu cau lao dong vdi Chu dau tu co sd tang va KCN Trong muc tieu phat trien cua KCN Hai Phdng tu 2006 - 2009 da neu tien trinh thuc hien dich vu Can luu y mot sd diem sau: + Muc thu phi theo du thoa thuan vdi DN KCN tren co sd hop dong dupe ky ket, dam bao tiet kiem hon, thuan lpi hon so vdi trudng hop mdi DN KCN tu thuc hien + Tren co sd tong hop nhu cau lao dong tirng giai doan Chu dau tu co sd tang va KCN can phoi hop vdi Ban quan ly cac KCN Quang Nam va chinh quyen dia phuong de lap ke hoach tuyen dung lao dong cho phu hop, uu tien su dung lao dong thdng tai dia phuong, nhat la cac ho bi giai toa xay dung KCN ho thuoc dien chinh sach + Chu dau tu co sd tang va KCN hop dong vdi cac trudng Ky thuat day nghe, Trung tam xue tien viec lam de dao tao tay nghe cho cdng nhan thong, cdng nhan ky thuat Ddi vdi can bo quan ly, ky su can phai hop dong vdi cac trudng Dai hoc, Cao dang de dao tao hoac tuyen thang Co the nghien cuu lap Trung 118 tam day nghe va giai thieu viec lam true thuoc Ban quan ly cac KCN hoac Cong ty de dam nhan nhiem vu 3.2.2.6 Giai phap ve to chuc bo may quan ly: De dap ung duac nhiem vu quan ly KCN hien va tuong lai cac Cong ty phat trien tang KCN can lap Trung tam dieu hanh true tiep tai KCN de phoi hop cung Ban quan ly cac KCN giai quyet cong viec cua KCN Nhiem vu cua Trung tam la: + Lap quy hoach chi tiet phat trien KCN, xay dung phuong an sir dung dat KCN + Phoi hup vdi dia phuong thirc hien cong tac den bu giai phong mat bang va thirc hien vai tro giam sat viec thi cong cac ca sd tang KCN + Theo doi va true tiep xu ly cac van de phat sinh KCN: dien, nuoc, co sd tang khac, lao dong san xuat KCN + To chuc che hop dinh ky, Hoi nghi khach hang Hoi thao doi vai cac DN KCN + Dam bao viec an toan lao dong, an ninh trat tu phdng chay chua chay va nhiem mdi trucmg KCN De thirc hien chien luge kinh doanh, dap ung yeu cau nghien cuu thi truong, to chuc thuc hien cac chinh sach marketing, Ban quan ly cac KCN, cdng ty phat trien CSHT can lap phdng nghien cuu thi trudng va huy dong dau tu Phdng co the bao gom 03 bo phan nghien cuu: Dau tu nuoc, Dau tu nuoc ngoai va cac KCN lan can (ddi thu canh tranh) Day la phdng nghiep vu cd vi tri dac biet quan trong viec trien khai phuong an chien luoc giai doan sau nam 2009, vay can duac lap soni giai doan de cd thdi gian chuan bi trien khai thirc hien va thu nhan ket qua lam co so thirc hien phuong an giai doan 2010-2015 3.2.2.7 Giai phap ve tuyen truyen co dong: Kinh doanh co so tang KCN la mot hoat dong kinh doanh co tinh dac thii ca ve san pham dich vu cung nhu ve khach hang su dung ma d phan phan tich ly 119 luan da neu Do vay de khach hang biet den, quan tam va chap nhan dau tu vao KCN thi vai tro cua cong tac truyen thong, co dong la rat quan Mot chinh sach truyen thong huu hieu khong nhung thu hut thuyet phuc cac nha dau tu den vdi KCN ma giup ho rut ngan thdi gian tim hieu, giam chi phi; dong thdi cung tao cho cac KCN the tren thuong trudng va dinh vi tam tri ddi vdi khach hang *Muc tieu truyen thong co dong cua KCN d Hai Phdng - Lam ro nhung dac diem rieng cd, uu the noi troi cua KCN Hai Phong de gay duoc su chu y va tao an tuong tam tri nha dau tu, the hien d cac noi dung sau: - Xac dinh su menh: KCN Hai Phdng la manh dat lanh, la mdi trudng thuan loi de cac doanh nghiep an cu, lap nghiep lau dai - Xay dung hinh anh: Gidi thieu cong chung ve mot KCN cd quy md ldn khu vuc kinh te diem Bac Bo vdi nhung uu the canh tranh; cd vi tri thuan loi, co sd tang kha hoan chinh, dong bo, chinh sach uu dai dau tu vucrt troi gia thue dat hap dan thu tuc gon nhe, don gian - Truyen ba thong diep: Cac KCN Hai Phong luon lay viec thoa man nhu cau cang cao cua cac doanh nghiep KCN lam muc tieu phan dau va coi sir phat trien cua ho la nhan to gop phan tao nen the, tieng tam cho KCN *Doi tuong truyen thong va cong cu truyen thong Doanh nghiep san xuat cong nghiep: Xac dinh day la cong chung muc tieu quan cua qua trinh truyen thong, vi day chinh la khach hang cua KCN - Dua vao ket qua phan doan va lira chon thi trudng muc tieu theo nganh nghe san xuat va theo nguon hinh vdn dau tu d phan tren ta can cd sir nghien cuu va sang loc cu the hern nua de xac dinh khach hang muc tieu can phai truyen thong Cd the phan khach hang muc tieu tung nhom vdi nhung cap truyen thong khac de phu hop vdi tinh chat, dac diem cua mdi nhom khach hang va phu hop vdi nguon lire hien cd cua Cong ty, cung can nhac lai: Khach hang KCN la thi trudng doanh nghiep san xuat va san pham cung ung la bat dong san, la 120 phirang thuc to hap san pham - dich vu mang tinh tong hap, dong bo cao de xay dung noi dung va hinh thuc truyen thong cho phu hop - Cac cong cu truyen thong su dung la: + Quang ba tren cac bao, tap chi, qua mang Internet, thong qua Website de chuyen thong tin den tat ca cac doanh nghiep co nhu cau dau tu + Phat hanh cac Brochure, CD de cung cap thong tin den khach hang, dia chi can quan tam + Hoi nghi khach hang: Danh cho hai doi tuong chinh sach la cac DN KCN va cac khach hang muc tieu ma KCN dang hudng den - Can chu y: * Doi vdi doanh nghiep KCN: duac to chuc dinh ky thang, hang nam Trong tam ghi nhan, tong hofp cac y kien dong gop, phan anh cua DN ve dieu kien san xuat kinh doanh tai KCN, nham chan chinh nang cap he thong san pham dich vu cung nhu cong tac quan ly, dieu hanh, quan he phoi hap Dong thoi su dung nhung cong cua ho nhu nhung minh chung thuc te lam tu lieu truyen thong huu hieu den nhung khach hang muc tieu, xay dung ho cac kenh trung gian truyen ba thong tin cho KCN * Doi vdi DN la khach hang muc tieu: Tap trung giai thieu ve moi truong dau tu tai dia phuang, neu bat vi tri thuan loi va chinh sach uu dai dau tu vao KCN, he thong co so tang va ngoai KCN, cac thu tuc can thiet de dau tu, dong thdi thu nhan y kien phan anh cua cac nha dau tu de them thdng tin hoan chinh chien luge va dieu chinh chinh sach Marketing + Marketing true tiep: Day la phuong thuc truyen thdng tac dong true tiep den mot sd khach hang cd tiem nang, cd dia chi cu the, vdi mot hy vong mang lai mot ket qua nhat dinh nao dd Cd the noi hinh thuc kha phu hup vdi loai hinh KCN noi chung va KCN d Hai Phdng noi rieng De dat hieu qua, Cdng ty can phai nghien cuu thi trdng muc tieu that ky luong, nham sang loc, lua chon duoc mot sd khach hang hien cd va khach hang tiem nang cd nhieu trien vong dau tu vao KCN nhat Cd the dua vao ket qua cua Hoi nghi khach hang, hoac mdi quan he ca nhan, mdi lien ket san xuat kinh doanh de lua chon khach hang can thuc hien 121 *Cac to chuc trung gian: Phdng Thuong mai va Cong nghiep, Tham tan thuong mai va cac Cong ty tu van dau tu; day la cac to chuc co vai trd trung gian viec cung cap thong tin, thuyet phuc cho cac nha dau tu qua trinh nghien cuu tim hieu va quyet dinh chon dia diem dau tu Mot vai diem chinh cua cac to chuc nay: - Co moi quan he vdi nhieu co quan, to chuc va ngoai nude, am hieu nhieu ve thi trudng, ve cac linh vuc hoat dong - Cd quan tam den loi Ich cua minh (chi phi tu van) Nhung cong cu duoc truyen thong su dung la: Brochure, CD Hoi thao, Hoi nghi, Marketing true tiep *Cac co quan ngon luan: Day la cac co quan cd vai tro tac dong ldn den nhieu tang ldp cdng chung thong qua cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung nhu: cac bao, tap chi dai phat truyen hinh Mot so dac diem chinh cua cac co quan nay: - Quan tam nhieu den loi ich cua minh (chi phi dang tin, tuyen truyen) - Ddi hoi luong thong tin tuong ddi nhieu - Tieng noi cua ho d mot goc nao cd anh hudng den du luan quan chung, tao su chu y quan tam den KCN Cdng cu truyen thong chu yeu la: Hop bao, dang tin hop dong lam phim tai lieu, viet chuyen de * Viec thuc hien chinh sach truyen thong cd dong thudng rat ton kem chi phi Tuy nhien mot sd quan diem cho rang truyen thong cd dong la cho dau tu lau dai Ve phia Cdng ty can phai lap du toan chi phi va ngan sach dau tu phu hop de can ddi duoc nguon luc tai chinh cua minh, mang lai hieu qua tuong xung 3.2.2.8 Xay dung mdi lien he cong dong va lien ket kinh te noi bo KCN cung nhu giua KCN vdi chinh quyen va nhan dan dia phuong: Cac DN KCN cung ton tai va hoat dong mot khong gian khu vuc nhat dinh; cung sir dung cac tien ich co sd tang KCN, vay se phat sinh cac 122 moi quan he cong dong va lien ket kinh te nhat dinh cua cac DN KCN vdi va giua KCN vdi dia phuong sd tai Mdi quan he cong dong va lien ket kinh te neu duoc xay dung, vun dap se cd vai tro quan va tac dong rat ldn den viec hinh mot mdi trudng dau tu hap dan, mot khong gian hoat dong cd to chuc cao, mot bau khong sinh hoat cdi md, hop tac va mang net van minh cong nghiep Ngupc lai neu khong dupe quan tam xay dung, phat trien thi se phat sinh nhung mat tieu cue, anh hudng rat xau den viec huy dong dau tu cung nhu mdi trudng hoat dong cua cac DN KCN Chu dau tu co sd tang va KCN can phai phoi hop chat che vdi Ban quan ly cac KCN - dong vai tro trung tam - de xu ly, dieu hoa va xay dung cac mdi quan he cang phat trien tich cue De lam tot vai tro nay, can thuc hien mot sd hoat dong sau: - To chuc thuc hien che hop, sinh hoat dinh ky, cd su tham gia cua chinh quyen dia phuong, cac DN KCN vdi de giai quyet cac vudng mac, bat dong sinh - Xay dung va truyen thong dudi nhieu hinh thuc: khau hieu ap phich, tranh cd dinh, ban tin noi bo, tap chi cua KCN nham giao due quan diem, nhan thuc ve mdi quan he cong dong, mdi lien ket tren tinh than hpp tac, hd trp de cung phat trien - To chuc cac buoi sinh hoat, giao luu van nghe, thi dau the thao nham xay dung quan he than thien, hieu biet lan nhau, tao khong cdi md, van hoa lanh manh cho KCN - Tham gia va cac hoat dong xa hoi dia phuong to chuc, thong qua dd xay dung quan he hd trp, phoi hpp giua KCN va chinh quyen, nhan dan khu vuc nham giup KCN thuc hien tot cac muc tieu cua minh 123 KET LUAN • KCN la md hinh to chuc san xuat cong nghiep tap trung rat hieu qua va thuc su phat trien tren khap the gidi tu nhung nam 50 cua the ky 20 va da dupe nhieu nudc tren the gidi thuc hien xay dung Viet Nam md hinh KCN chinh thuc dupe xay dung tu nam 1991 trd lai day va da cd nhieu dong gop thiet thuc cho su tang trudng va phat trien kinh te xa hoi dat nudc Trong qua trinh phat trien cac KCN cd mot van de rat quan dat la cac giai phap huy dong dau tu vao cac KCN Viec lap KCN va dua vao hoat dong se khdng hieu qua neu khdng huy dong dupe cac du an dau tu vao KCN Luan van "Thuc trang va giai phap huy dong dau tu vao cac KCN tai Hai Phdng" da tap trung giai quyet cac van de chu yeu sau: Lam ro cac van de ly luan ve KCN va huy dong dau tu vao KCN, cac nhan to anh hudng den huy dong dau tu, cac bien phap huy dong dau tu vao KCN dd chu den vai trd cua Ban quan ly KCN va cua Cdng ty xay dung co sd tdng KCN Phan tich, danh gia tinh hinh phat trien cua cac KCN va qua trinh huy dong dau tu vao cac KCN tai Hai Phong Xac dinh ro nhung uu diem da dat dupe va nhupc diem can khac phuc De xuat cac giai phap nham gop phan day manh viec huy dong dau tu vao cac KCN tai Hai Phdng Nhung kien nghi vdi cac cap, cac bo, nganh va don vi chuc nang thuc hien tot nhiem vu giup cac KCN tai dia phuong cd the day manh cac cdng tac huy dong dau tu Cac noi dung tren la cdng trinh nghien cuu nghiem tuc va tam huyet cua tdi nhung chac chan nhieu thieu sot Tac gia Luan van xin chan cam on cac thay cd giao Khoa Kinh te dau tu - Trudng Dai Hoc Kinh te Quoc dan Ha Noi, cac don vi, ban be va dac biet la TS Nguyen Hong Minh thay giao hudng dan khoa hoc cua tac gia da tao dieu kien giup de nghien cuu luan van Do thdi gian cd han va trinh do, kha nang nhieu han che, Luan van chac chan khdng tranh khoi nhung thieu sot, khiem khuyet nhat dinh Tac gia rat 124 mong nhan duoc su nhan xet, dong gop bo sung y kien cua tat ca Thay giao, Co giao, cac nha khoa hoc, nha quan ly va cac ban quan tam Cung nhu su thong cam cua tat ca moi nguoi 125 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Ban Quan ly KCN Hai Phdng (2009), Bao cao tong ket ve tinh hinh thu hut dau tu cua Hai Phdng nam 2009 Ban Quan ly KCN Hai Phdng (2009), Quyet dinh so 883/QD-BQL ve ban hanh Dnh muc du an khuyen khich dau tu vao KCN giai doan 2010 - 2015 va dinh hudng den nam 2020 26/10/2009 Ban Quan ly KCN Hai Phdng (2010), Bao cao ve tinh hinh phat trien KCN Hai Phdng giai doan 2005 - 2009 Bo Ke hoach va dau tu (2009), Bao cao danh gia tinh hinh thu hut dau tu FDI tai Viet Nam nam 2009 Bo Xay dung (1997), Thong tu sd 04/1997/TT-BXD 30/7/1997 hudng dan thuc hien nghi dinh 36/1997/ND-CP 24/4/1997 Chinh phu nudc CHXHCN Viet Nam (1997), Nghi dinh 36/2002/ND-CP 24/4/1997 ve ban hanh quy che Khu cdng nghiep, Khu che xuat Chinh phu nudc CHXHCN Viet Nam (2006), Nghi dinh 108/2006/ND-CP hudng dan chi tiet thuc hien Luat dau tu 2005 Cue thong ke Hai Phong (2010), Niem giam thong ke Hai Phdng 2009, Nha xuat ban Thong Ke, Ha Noi Dan Due Hiep (2010), Kinh te Hai Phdng 25 nam ddi moi va phat trien (1986- 2010), Nha xuat ban chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 10 Dang Cong San Viet Nam (2006), Van Kien DH dai bieu toan quoc ldn thu- X 11 Nghi quyet Dai hoi XIII Dang bo Hai Phong (2006 - 2010) 12 Nghi quyet sd 32-NQ/TW cua Bo Chinh tri ve xay dung va phat trien Hai Phong thdi ky cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc, 5/8/2003 13 Nghi quyet sd: 36/2009/QH12 Nghi quyet cua Quoc hoi ve ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi nam 2010, 06 thang 11 nam 2009 14 Nguyen Thi Bach Nguyet, Tu Quang Phuong (2007), Giao trinh Kinh te dau tu NXB DH Kinh te quoc dan, Ha Noi 15 Quoc hoi nudc CHXHCN Viet Nam (2003), Luat dat dai 2003 16 Quoc hoi nudc CHXHCN Viet Nam (2005), Luat doanh nghiep 2005 17 Quoc hoi nudc CHXHCN Viet Nam (2005), Luat dau tu 2005 18 Thu tudng Chinh phu (2001), Quyet dinh so 99/2001/QD - TTg ve viec to chuc lai Ban quan ly KCN tai Viet Nam 19 Thu tudng Chinh phu (2006), Quyet dinh so 1107/2006/QD - TTg ve viec phe duyet Quy hoach phat trien cac khu cong nghiep d Viet Nam den nam 2015 va dinh hudng den nam 2020 20 Thu tudng Chinh phu (2008), Quyet dinh so 06/2008/QD - TTg ve viec lap va ban hanh quy che hoat dong cua Khu kinh te Dinh Vu - Cat Hai, Hai Phong 21 Thu tudng Chinh phu (2008), Quyet dinh 1329/QD-TTg ve viec lap ban quan ly khu kinh te Hai Phong, Hai Phong 19/9/2008 22 UBNN Hai Phong (2007), ,2q hoach tong the phat trien kinii te xa hoi Hai Phong dXn nam 2020, NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi 23 w.w.w.kkncongnghiep.com.vn 2dAvevev.mpi.gov.vn trang web bhihh thuc cua B o Ke h oach hau kr VVt Nam Tai lieu noi bo 25 Cac quyet dinh, van ban, bao cao, chuyen de hang thang, nam cua BBND Hai Phong, Sd Ke hoach dau tu Hai Phong, Ban quan ly KCN Hai Phong