Đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài của mỹ vào việt nam thực trạng và giải pháp

TKUdNG DAI HOC KIMI TC QUOC DAN rb® GDI “V DANG THANH PHUONG DAU TIT TRU'D TIER NUUC NGOAI CUA MY VAO VIET NAM: THU'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP ■ Chuyen nganh: Kinh te tfdu tu LUAN VAN THAC ST KINH TE • • Ngtfdi htfdng dan khoa hoc: PGS.•JS NGUYEN THI• BACH NGUYET • • DAI HOC KTQD TRUNG TAMfc THONG TIN THlTVltN Ha Joi - 2006 A 393 MUC LUC • • Trang Danh muc cac chu’ viet tat Danh muc bang, bieu, so’ do, hinh ve Mo dau Chuong 1.1 Nhfi-ng van de ly luan cluing ve dau to true tiep nuoc ngoai Khai niem, dac diem va vai tro cua dau tw true tiep nud'c ngoai Khai niem va dac diem cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 1.1.2 Mot so ly thuyet ve dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 1.1.3 Vai tro, tac dong cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vdi nen kinh te cua cac nude dang phat trien 1.1.1 1.2 Nhung nhan to dnh hud'ng va xu hud'ng van dong cua dau tu' r 12 17 22 r true tiep nude ngoai tren the gio’i Nhung nhan to anh hudng den dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 1.2.2 Xu hudng van dong cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tren the gidi 1.2.1 r 1.3 r a 22 24 a Kinh nghiem cua mot so qudc gia khu vuc ve thu hut dau 26 tw true tiep cua My va bdi hoc vo’i Viet nam Thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tu My cua mot so qudc gia khu vuc 1.3.2 Bai hoc kinh nghiem chung cho Viet Nam 1.3.1 Chuong Thue trang dau tu- true tiep cua My tai Viet Nam thdi ky 1996 26 35 38 -2005 2.1 Dac diem dau tw nuoc ngoai cua My va nhung loi the cua 38 Viet Nam hap dan nha dau tw My Dac diem dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cua My 2.1.2 Nhung lpi the cua Viet Nam hap dan nha dau tu My 2.1.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 38 44 Tdng quan tinh hinh dau tw true tiep nude ngoai tai Viet Nam 48 Tinh hinh thuc hien von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tai Viet Nam Tinh hinh thuc hien von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tai Viet Nam phan theo cac hinh thuc dau tu Tinh hinh thuc hien von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tai Viet Nam phan theo nganh Tinh hinh thue hien von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tai Viet Nam phan theo dia phuong Tinh hinh thuc hien von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tai Viet Nam phan theo doi tac dau tu 48 50 50 51 52 2.3 Thwc trang dau tw trwc tiep cua My a Viet Nam 2.3.1 Tinh hlnh thuc hien von dau tu true tiep cua My tai Viet Nam 2.3.2 Tinh hlnh thuc hien von dau tu true tiep cua My tai Viet Nam phan theo cac hlnh thuc dau tu 2.3.3 Tinh hlnh thuc hien von dau tu truc tiep cua My tai Viet Nam phan theo nganh 2.3.4 Tinh hlnh thuc hien von dau tu truc tiep cua My tai Viet Nam phan theo dia phuong 2.4 Tac dong cua vdn dau tw trwc tiep cua My td'i phat trien kinh te r r a 54 54 57 59 69 r •> 71 xa hoi Viet Nam • • r r r r y 2.5 Han che va cac nguyen nhan han che cua von dau tw trwc tiep tw 76 My vao Viet Nam 76 77 2.5.1 Nhung han che 2.5.2 Nguyen nhan cua cac han che Iren r Chuang yr Mot so giai phap tang cu’d’ng thu hut dau tir tru’e tiep nu’d’c 90 ngoai cua My vao Viet nam r y r r y 3.1 Sw can thiet cua viec tiep tuc tang cwo'ng thu hut von dau tw trwc 90 r tiep cua My vao Viet Nam 3.2 Quan diem va dinh hwo’ng tang cwo'ng thu hut von dau tw trwc 92 tiep tw My vao Viet Nam 3.2.1 Dinh hudng va muc tieu thu hut FDI cua Viet Nam 3.2.2 Quan diem, dinh huung thu hut FDI cua My vao Viet Nam r 3.3 •? r y 92 94 r Mot so giaiphap thuc day thu hut von dau tw trwc tiep tw My 95 thOi gian to’i Mot so giai phap chung tang cuvng thu hut von dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai 3.3.2 Nhung giai phap rieng nham thuc day von dau tu truc tiep tu My vao Viet Nam 3.3.1 Ket luan Tai lieu tham khao Phu luc 95 101 118 DANH MUC CHU* VIET TAT Cong hoa xa hoi chu nghia Cong nghiep CN CQXTDT Co quan xuc tien dau tn Doanh nghiep DN DNLD Doanh nghiep lien doanh Du an DA Dich vu DV DT Doanh thu DTNN Dau tn nudc ngoai Hop dong hop tac kinh doanh HDHTKD Hinh thuc dau tu HTDT Nhan dan te NDT Nong nghiep NN Ngan sach nha nudc NSNN TNHH Trach nhiem huu han Von dau tu VDT Von dang ky VDK VTH Von thuc hien VH-YT-GD Van hoa - Y te - Giao duc XHCN Xa hoi chu nghia Xuat khau XK XTDT Xuc tien dau tu ASEAN The Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEM Asia - Europe Meeting APEC Asia - Pacific Economic Operationn CHXHXN GDP FDI FPI NAFTA ODA OECD PNTR WTO TNCs Gross Domestic Product Foreign Direct Investment Foreign Portfolio Investment North American Free Trade Area Official Development Investment Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development permanent Normal Trading Relations World Trade Organization Transparent national companies Hiep hoi cac quoc gia Dong Nam A 7 X Tien trinh hop tac A - Au To chuc kinh te Chau A - Thai Binh Duong Tong san pham quoc noi Dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai Dau tu gian tiep nudc ngoai Khu thuong mai tu Bac My Dau tu phat trien chinh thuc To chuc phat trien va hop tac kinh te Quy che Thuong mai Binh thuong vinh vien To chuc thuong mai the gidi Cac cong ty xuyen quoc gia DANH MUC HINH, BANG VA BIEU DO DANH MUC CAC BANG Bang 1.1 Dau tutrccl^iep cua My vaoThai Ltd 26 Bang 1.2 FD I vao Trung Quoa (tong va tu My )1950 - 2050 30 Bang 2.1 Tinh hinh thuc hien von dau todua tiep nuda ngoai tai 49 Vie( Nam gtat doan 1996 - 2005 Bang 2.2 T'mh hrnhthua hien von dau ftrtriratiep nude ngoai 50 Tai Vie( Nam phan (heo cac HTDT giai doan 1996 - 2005 Bang 2.3 Tuta hmhthua hien von dau tutrya hep nuda ngoi! lui 51 Vie( Nam phan (heo nganh giai doan 2001 - 2005 Bang 2.4 Von dau (t (ru’c (iep nudc ngoai vao Vie( Nam phan (heo 52 dia phuong giai doan 1988 - 2005 Bang 2.5 Von duu tutruc UPp nuda ngoii voo Viet Nmn 53 phan (heo quoc gia dau (u giai doan 2001 - 2005 Bang 2.6 Tirha h'mh thuc hien von dau ta true hep cua My 55 vao Vii( Nam giai doan 1996 - 2005 Bang 2.7 T'mh lihha thuc hien von duutr true UPp cua My voo Vici num 58 phan (heo cac HTDT giai doan 1996- 2005 r Bang 2.8 r r y r So DA va ctacuu so DA duu tutrua riPp cua My 59 vao Vii( Nam phan (heo cac HTDT giai doan 1996- 2005 Bang 2.9 T'inh h'mh thuc hien von dau ta true hep cua My vao 60 Vii( Nam phan (heo nganh giai doan 1996 - 2005 Bang 2.10 Von dau tu thua hien cua My vao Viea nam 61 phan (heo nganh giai doan 2001- 2005 Bang 2.11 T'inh h'mh thuc hien von dau Ur true i.icj.a cua My lTnh vuc 62 Cong nghiep (heo cac phan nganh giai doan 1996 - 2005 Bang 2.12 Co cau von dau tu trua hep cua My toong lmh vuc 63 Cong nghiip (heo cac phan nganh giai doan 1996 - 2005 Bang 2.13 Von dau ta true hep cua My Inha vuc Drcta vu 65 (heo cac phan nganh giai doan 1996 - 2005 Bang 2.14 Co cCu vsn dau (t (rac (iep cCa My (tong linh vuc Dich vu (heo cac phan nganh giai doan 1996 - 2005 67 r Bang 2.15 \ r Von dau tu true tiep cua My linh vuc Nong, lam, 68 ngu nghiep theo cac phan nganh giai doan 2001 - 2005 try Bang 2.16 r Cof cau von dau tu true tiep cua My linh vuc Nong, 69 lam, ngu nghiep theo cac phan nganh giai doan 2001 - 2005 Bang 2.17 Tinh hinh thuc hien von dau tu true tiep cua My vao 70 Viet Nam phan theo dia phuong giai doan 1996 - 2000 Bang 2.18 dia phuong dung dau thu hut von dau tu true tiep 70 cua My giai doan 2001 - 2005 Bang 2.19 Doanh thu va xuat khau cua doanh nghiep FDI My 72 giai doan 2001 - 2005 Bang 2.20 Tinh hinh nop ngan sach va tao viec lam 73 cua cac doanh nghiep FDI My giai doan 2001 - 2005 Bang 2.21 Dong gop giai quyet viec lam cua 74 doanh nghiep FDI My (1988 - 31/12/2004) Bang 2.22 Vuong mac dien hinh cua mot so du an dau tu cua My 84 tai Viet Nam hien Bang 2.23 Luc luong lao dong ve dao tao chuyen mon d Viet Nam 87 Bang 3.1 Nhu cau von dau tu phat trien kinh te xa hoi 90 Giai doan 2006 - 2010 DANH MUC CAC HINH VA BlfiU DO Bieu 1.1 Ddng FDI tren toan cau va phan theo cac nen kinh te 25 1980 - 2004 Bieu 2.1 Von dang ky va von thuc hien cua My 56 giai doan 2001 - 2005 Bieu 2.2 Ty von thuc hien cua My phan theo nganh 61 Giai doan 2001 -2005 Hinh 1.1 Nganh Cong nghiep phu trq (truong hop nganh xe may) 15 IRI liM WAI HOC lil.VH TE QUOC DAV rb® £3 DANG THANH PHUONG DAU TIT TRWC TIEP NlflJC NGOAI CUA MY ■ VAO VIET NAM: THlTC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP Chuyen nganh: Kinh t§ ddu tu LUAN VAN THAC ST KINH it • • TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC ST • • Ngitdi hitdng dan khoa hoc: PGS.JS NGUYEN THI• BACH NGUYET r • • /fa Vo/' - 2OOG i Mb dau Quan he ngoai giao giua Viet Nam va My dune chinh thuc thiet lap 12/7/1995 Tu den nay, quan he giua hai nudc cang dune cai thien va phat trien, the hien rd ret nhat tang trubng quan he thuong mai va dau tu Tuy nhien, so vdi dau tu true tiep cua My vao cac nuoc khu vuc thi dau tu vao Viet Nam rat khiem ton Trong dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te hien nay, vdi muc tieu phat trien kinh te cua Viet Nam, viec tang cudng thu hut dau tu true tiep tu cac doi tac manh nhu My la rat can thiet Do vay, em lua chon de tai “ Dau tie true tiep nude ngoai cua My vao Viet Nam: Thurc trang va giaiphap” de phan tich mot each co he thong ve tinh hinh dau tu true tiep cua My tai Viet Nam, tu tim cac nguyen nhan va dua cac giai phap de tang cudng thu hut dau tu true tiep cua My vao Viet Nam thdi gian tdi CHtfONG 1: NHU NG VAN DE LY LUAN CHUNG VE DAU TU TRIG TIEP NUOC NGOAI 1.1 Khai niem, dac diem va vai tro cua dau tu true tiep nuoc ngoai 1.1.1 Khai niem va dac diem cua dau tie trim tiep nudc ngoai l.l.l.lCac khai niem Theo phap luat hien hanh cua Viet Nam thi Dau tir true tiep nude ngoai la viec nha dau tie nude ngoai diea vao Viet Nam vdn bring tiSn va cac tai san hop try \ phap khac de tien hanh boat dong dau tw va tham gia quan ly hoqt dong dau tie 1.1.1.2 Dac diem va hinh thuc dau tir true tiep nuoc ngoai > Dac trung chung nhat cua FDI la cac chu dau tu nudc ngoai thuoc vao chien lupc phat trien va muc tieu cua nha dau tu tao nen dinh hudng khac > Day la hinh thuc dau tu bang vdn cua tu nhan cac chu dau tu quyet dinh tu chiu trach nhiem ve ket qua > Hinh thuc mang tinh kha thi va hieu qua cao, > Trong do, chu vdn dau tu nudc ngoai dieu hanh toan bo hay tham gia dieu hanh cac hoat dong dau tu thuoc vao ty le dong gop vdn dau tu Cac hinh thuc dau tu true tiep gom: (1) Hop tac kinh doanh tren co sb hop dong hop tac kinh doanh; (2) Lien doanh; (3) 100% vdn cua nha dau tu nudc ngoai ii 1.1.2 Mot so ly thuyet ve dau tu3 trcrc tiep nw&c ngoai Noi dung cac ly thuyet ve FDI tap trung vao: Giai thich nguon goc hinh va phat trien FDI; Vai tro cua cac TNC; Sir van dong cua yeu to san xuat, dac biet la Von, Lao dong va Cong nghe; Tac dong cua FDI tdi su phat trien kinh te Mot so ly thuyet hien co ve FDI la: > ly thuyet ty le nhan to - factor proportion hypothesis > ly thuyet thang cong nghe - technology ladder hypothesis > ly thuyet su bung no FDI - FDI dynamics hypothesis > Ly thuyet KOJIMA - mot ly thuyet vT mo > Mot so Ly thuyet kinh te vi mo ve FDI la - Ly thuyet ve to chirc san xuat (Industrial Organisation Hypothesis) - Ly thuyet ve vong ddi san pham (Product Life Cycle Hypothesis) 1.1.3 Vai tro, tac dong cua dau tu3 trwc tiep nuvc ngoai v&i nen kinh te cua cac nw&c dang phat trien 1.1.3.1 Vai tro va nhung tac dong tich cue cua FDI doi voi nuoc tiep nhan dau tir Thir nhat, FDI bii dap su thieu hut von Thu- hai, viec tiep nhan FDI mang lai cong nghe ky thuat hien dai, ky xao chuyen mon, trinh quan ly tien tien cho nude nhan dau tu Thu- ba, FDI gop phan phat trien nguon nhan lire Thir tie, FDI gop phan chuyen dich co cau nen kinh te cua nude tiep nhan ddu tu Thu- nam, FDI tao co hoi cho cac doanh nghiep va ngudi tieu dung nude tiep can vdi thi trudng the gidi 1.1.3.2 Nhung tac dong tieu cue cua FDI Thir nhat, Chi phi cua viec thu hut FDI thudng cao hon so vdi cac nguon von khac tir nude ngoai Thir hai, Cac nude dau tu thudng co xu hudng dua cong nghe lac hau vao cac nude tiep nhan dau tu Thir ba, Nhung mat trai khac cua FDI ve chinh tri - xa hoi: 1.2 Nhung nhan to anh hudng va xu hudng van dong cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tren the gidi Jeff Puchalski, Chu tich Hiep hoi thuong mai My tai TP.HCM (2005), tra loi phdng van cua Bao Hai quan Nhan ky niem 10 binh thuong hoa quan he Viet- My (10-7-1995 / 10-7-2005) 10 PGS, TS Le The Gidi (2004), “Cac giai phap thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai tai Viet nam”, Tap chi Kinh te va phat trien, so' 87, thang 9/2004 l.ThS DO Kim Hoa, Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan (2005), “Nang luc canh tranh va thu hut vdn dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai (FDI) d Viet nam”, Tap chi Kinh te Chau A - Thai Binh Duong, sd 49 (92), thang 12/2005 12 ThS Nguydn Van Hao, Ngan hang Tokyo - Mitsubishi UF.J (2006), Cai thien mdi trudng dau tu Viet nam hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, Tap chi Kinh te Chau A - Thai Binh Duong, sd 12, thang 3/2006 13 Ngo Thu Ha (2000), “Kinh nghiem thu hut vdn dau tu nudc ngoai vao Trung Quoc va kha nang van dung vao Viet nam“, Luan van Thac si, Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan, Ha Noi 14 ThS Nguydn Thi Ai Lien (2006), “Danh gia ve tinh hinh thu hut vdn dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam”, Tap chi Kinh te va phat trien, sd 106, thang 4/2006 15 Luat Dau tu nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam, nam 1988, 1990, 1992, 1996, 2000 va cac van ban hudng din thi hanh 16 ThS Bui Huy Nhuong (2005), “Trien khai thuc hien cac du an FDI tai Viet nam - Thuc trang va giai phap”, Tap chi Kinh te va phat trien, sd 100, thang 10/2005 17 Doan Ngoc Phuc (2004), “Dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai vao Viet nam - Thuc trang, nhung van de dat va trien vong”, Tap chi Nghien cun kinh te, sd (315), 8/2004 18 Tran Anh Phuong (2004), “Mot sd giai phap tang cudng thu hut vdn dau tu nudc ngoai cua cac nudc nhom G7 vao Viet Nam”, Luan an tien si, Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan, Ha Noi 19 TS Nguydn Hong Son (2003), “FDI tren the' gidi: Dac diem va trien vong”, Tap chi Tai chinh, so (461), 3/2003 20 ThS Nguyen Xuan Thdng (2006), “Tac dong cua FDI doi vdi sir phat trien kinh te cua Trung Quoc - Bai hoc kinh nghiem doi vdi Viet Nam”, Tap chi Kinh te va phat trien, so' 106, thang 4/2006 21 Tran Thi Cam Trang (2004), “So sanh moi trudng dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai (FDI) cua Viet Nam vdi cac nudc ASEAN - va Trung Quoc: Giai phap cai thien moi trudng FDI cua Viet Nam”, Tap chi Nhung van de kinh te the gidi, So' 11 (103), thang 11/2004 22 Th.S Nguy6n Anh Tuan (2005), “Tang cudng nang luc cdng nghe qua thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai: Mot so' quan sat va goi y chinh sach”, Tap chi Kinh te va phat trien, so 100, thang 10/2005 23 Tai lieu Hoi thao Dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai tai Viet nam boi canh hoi nhap quoc te, (2005), DiOn dan hop tac dau tu va trien lam dau tu nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam, H 11/ 2005 24 Tap chi Tai chinh so (479), 2004 25 UNESCAP (2003), “Xdy dung hinh anh va quan he truyen thong”, Tai lieu Hoi thao tap huan ve Xuc tien va Hd trp dau tu 26 Cac website cua BO Ke hoach va Dau tu, B0 Tai chinh, B0 Thuong mai, Tong cue Thong ke, Dai sd quan My tai Viet Nam; Tap chi thdi bao kinh te Viet Nam www.economy.com.vn; Sd Ke hoach va dau tu Hai Phong http://www.haiphongdpi.gov.vn/ 27 http://www.luatgiapham.eom/content/view/122/l/ 28 http://www.tchdkh.org.vn/tchitiet.asp?code=1991 : “Su dieu chinh chien luge phat trien cua Thai Lan thdi gian gan day” 29 http://www.theworldpress.com/presse/pressemonde/pressevietnam/vietnam economy.htm: “Nang cao kha nang canh tranh: FDI cang quan TIENG ANH Alecxander Amati - ApEcon, UofMN (2004), “FDI theories and empirics” Congressional Budged Office, (11/2005), “Why does U.S investment abroad earn higher returns than foreign investment in the United States?”, A series of issue from CBO Emma Chanlett - Avery - Analyst in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division (13/1/2005), “Thailand: Background and U.S Relations” Francisco Moris, Research and Development Statistics Program, (2003), “U.S.-China R&D Linkages: Direct Investment and Industrial Alliances in the 1990s” James K.Jackson (2005), “U.S Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues”, CRS Report for Congress E.M Graham va P.R Krugman, " Sir dang trao FDI nhung nam 1980 - The Surge in FDI in the 1980s" IMF Balance of Payments Manual, 4th ed, 1977, tr 136 va The Balance of Payments Manual: Fifth Edition (BPM5) (Washington, D.C., International Monetary Fund, 1993 Impact Analysis (2004), “U.S Investment Abroad and Good Corporate Citizenship Pay Dividends Around the Globe”, 7-8/2004 Maria Borga, (7/2003) “Direct Investment Positions for 2002: Country and Industry Detail”, Survey of Current Business 10 Maitena Duce - Economics and International Relations Department, Banco de Espausa, (31/ 7/ 2003), “Definitions of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): a methodological note”, Final draft 11 (10/2004), “U.S Direct Investment Abroad: Operations of U.S Parent Companies and Their Foreign Affiliates, Preliminary 2002 Estimates” 12 Thdi bao NewYork 23/10/2004 13 The Detailed Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment: Third Edition (BD3) (Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1996).] 14 Website cua Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) - Bo Thuong mai Trung Quoc; cua BOI - Uy ban Dau tu cua Thai Lan 15 http://www.uschina.org/statistics/2005foreigninvestment.html 16 http://www.ChinaInvestorReport.com/ 17 http://www.census.gov/prod/2Q03pubs/02statab/foreign.pdf : Statistical Abstract of the U.S.: 2002 Foreign Direct Investment Phu luc 1: Dau tip cua My phan theo dia phuong 1988-2005 (tinh toi 24/6/2005 - chi tinh cac du> an hieu lu’c) Don vi: USD Dau tu thuc hien STT Dia phuong Sd du an TVDT Vdn phap dinh TP HO Chi Minh 87 268,949,595 111,172,930 55,707,660 DOng Nai 22 252,915,985 100,658,953 79,938,110 Binh Duong 35 156,965,400 67,846,830 64,840,803 Ha Noi 24 155,008,372 93,146,559 76,858,100 Dau 123,800,000 123,800,000 234,174,963 Hai Duong 103,200,000 72,270,000 147,538,811 Da Nang 49,200,000 14,767,000 - Quang Nam 26,283,000 18,383,000 - Phu Yen 26,240,000 8,120,000 3,320,000 10 Ha Tay 25,800,000 12,000,000 21,700,000 11 Ba Ria-Vung Tau 24,846,218 8,807,677 15,531,318 12 Quang Ninh 20,500,000 13,300,000 2,000,000 13 Binh Thuan 18,000,000 6,000,000 - 14 Thua Thien-HuS 12,530,000 6,302,000 41,000 15 Tay Ninh 12,500,000 4,350,000 1,500,000 16 Bac Lieu 10,464,816 4,116,000 4,116,000 17 Hai Phong 10,165,000 5,715,000 1,595,500 18 Quang Tri 7,152,000 6,422,100 1,288,840 19 Binh Phoc 6,500,000 5,400,000 4,500,000 20 Can Tho 6,451,000 5,750,000 1,340,741 21 Dac Lac 4,563,530 1,350,000 4,563,530 22 Yen Bai 4,475,000 3,475,000 - 23 Vnh Phuc 4,300,000 4,300,000 - 24 Lam Dong 4,200,000 1,400,000 1,484,474 25 Nghe An 3,500,000 3,500,000 - 26 Vnh Long 2,390,000 800,000 - 27 Kien Giang 2,000,000 2,000,000 - 28 Long An 1,500,000 800,000 - 29 Khanh Hoa 1,400,000 300,000 300,000 30 Hoa Binh 1,159,235 509,554 - 31 Thai Binh —2 Ji Tong so 280,000 280,000 280,000 232 1,347,239,151 707,042,603 722,619,850 Phu luc 2- Cac du1 an giai the va het han cua My tai Viet Nam - tinh den het quy 1/2006 HTDT TOng VDT VPD Dia didm TH VOn TH Chuyen nganh 1000000 1000000 TP Ho Chi Minh 1000000 CN nang Giai the 660000 500000 TP Ho Chi Minh 3051260 CN nang Giai the 3500000 3500000 TP Ho Chi Minh 3519000 Khach san-Du lich Giai the 1500000 1500000 TP Ho Chi Minh 940000 Xay dung Giai the 3250000 2000000 Dong Nai CN nhe Giai the 6000000 6000000 Vnh Phuc 1800000 Van hoa-Ytd-Giao duc Giai the 55000000 55000000 Dau 122709970 CN dOu Giai the 5500000 4400000 Khanh Hoa Xay dung Giai the 1000000 1000000 Binh Dinh Xay dung Giai the 15000000 5000000 Thua Thien-Hue Xay dung Giai the 17930000 5380000 Can Tho 17804039 N0ng-Lam nghiep Giai the 1920000 1333000 Son La 1100000 CN thuc pham Giai the 5586000 5586000 Nam Dinh 4266217 CN nang Giai the 15000000 15000000 Ha Noi 15000000 Tai chinh-Ngan hang Giai the 2295000 1595000 TP Ho Chi Minh Xay dung Giai the 1500000 800000 Ha Noi 735000 Tai chinh-Ngan hang Giai the 6000000 3000000 Kh£nh HOa 3000000 N0ng-Lam nghiep Giai the 700000 700000 TP Ho Chi Minh 700000 Van hoa-Ytd-Giao duc Giai the 1000000 1000000 Ha Noi 144902 Xay dung Giai the 1000000 650000 TP Ho Chi Minh 1000000 Tai chinh-Ngan hang Giai the Ddng Nai CN nang Giai the 191526245 28920000 650000 650000 TP Hd Chi Minh CN nang Giai the 16200000 6206900 TP Ho Chi Minh XD Van phOng-CSn h0 Giai the 7782000 2743883 TP Ho Chi Minh N0ng-Lam nghiep Giai the 35833215 20571428 TP Ho Chi Minh XD Van phOng-Can ho Giai the 4013606 4013606 TP Ho Chi Minh 2639266 CN nang Giai the 25000000 7500000 TP Ho Chi Minh CN nang Giai the 122594000 73100000 Quang Nam 21950000 CN nang Giai the Ha Noi CN thuc pham Giai the N0ng-Lam nghiep Giai the 70000 38417000 70000 11525000 Ba Ria-Vung Tau 7690000 12000000 Ha Noi 1400000 Van hoa-Yte-Giao due Giai the 11100000 3300000 Hoa Binh 700000 Nong-Lam nghiep Giai the 5000000 1610000 Long An XD Van phong-Can ho Giai the 4988000 4988000 Quang Ninh Nong-Lam nghiep Giai the 9900000 3500000 Ha Noi 3500000 CN nang Giai the 3000000 1000000 Thai Nguyen Xay dung Giai the 3196000 2000000 Binh Duong Van hoa-Yte-Giao due Giai the 4950000 1500000 Binh Dinh 1500000 CN nang Giai the 4950000 1500000 C^n Tho CN nang Giai the 500000 200000 Hoa Binh 150000 Nong-Lam nghiep Giai the 8000000 2720000 TP Ho Chi Minh CN nang Giai the 1000000 400000 TP HO Chi Minh 400000 CN nang Giai the 25000 25000 TP Ho Chi Minh 25000 CN nang Giai the 4950000 1090000 Phu Yen 1000000 Thuy san Giai the 19500000 6000000 Can Tho Nong-Lam nghiep Giai the 30000000 10500000 Tien Giang CN nang Giai the 500000 150000 TP Ho Chi Minh 150000 CN nhe Giai the 2000000 2000000 TP Ho Chi Minh CN nang Giai the 50000 50000 TP Ho Chi Minh CN nang Giai the 340000 340000 TP Ho Chi Minh CN nang Giai the 1500000 500000 Yen Bai Nong-Lam nghiep Giai the 2975000 2975000 Yen Bai Xay dung Giai the 178000 178000 TP Ho Chi Minh CN nhe Giai the 150000 150000 TP H6 Chi Minh Thuy san Giai the 330000 625000 TP Ho Chi Minh 748770 CN thue pham Het han Chu y\ HTDT: Hinh thuc dau tu 1.100% von nuoc ngoai; Lien doanh; Hop dong hop tac kinh doanh Nguon: Cuc Dau tir niroc ngoai, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tir Phu luc 3: Thoa thuan Viet - My ve gia nhap WTO • • • ~ / * • • TT - Van phong dai dien thuong mai My da cong bo cac cam ket ctia VN md cura thi truong theo thoa thuan dam phan gia nhap WTO Dudi day la mot so noi dung chinh: Se co dich vu dien thoai cua DN My Trong linh vuc dich vu, VN se md cu-a thi trudng ngan hang, bao hiem, vien thong, chung khoan, nang luong, chuyen phat nhanh, xay dung * Ve linh vuc ngan hang: ngan hang My se duoc lap cac chi nhanh 100% von nudc ngoai tai VN va duoc hudng che ddi xu khong phan biet X X sau VN gia nhap WTO, dupe nhan tien gui bang VND khong gidi han tu cac phap nhan va phat hanh the tin dung Ke tir VN gia nhap WTO, cac cdng ty chung khoan nudc ngoai cd the lap lien doanh vdi sd cd phan tdi da la 49% va tang len 100% nam nam sau do, va dupe thuc hien cac nghiep vu nhu quan ly tai san, tu van * Ve vien thong: VN cho phep cac cdng ty ma cd phan nudc ngoai chiem da so cung cap dich vu dien thoai cd dinh va di dong tren co sd thue dudng truyen cua doanh nghiep VN VN md cua thi trudng nang lupng theo tung giai doan, cac cdng ty dich vu nang lupng cua My tham gia cac du an lien quan den khao sat va phat trien dau khi, tu van quan ly, phan tich va kiem ' r r r r r x r r o \ r dinh ky thuat, sua chua va bao dudng thiet bi Trong linh vuc dich vu kinh doanh: VN md cua thi trudng rong hon cho cac nha cung cap dich vu kinh doanh nhu tu van luat, ke toan, kien true, quang cao, thi trudng Cdng ty My tham gia ban le * Dich vu phan phoi: VN se md cua linh vuc ban buon, ban le va nhupng X quyen kinh doanh Sau thdi diem vao WTO, cac DN My dupe lap lien doanh vdi phia VN va tir 1-1 -2009 dupe lap cdng ty 100% von nudc ngoai, dupe cung cap ca cac hang hoa nhap khau va san xuat nudc Voi hoat dong khach san - nha hang: cac cdng ty quan ly khach san My se dupe tao co hoi de tham gia thi trudng VN DN My cung dupe dau tu nhieu hon vao linh vuc DN My cung se dupe tham gia dich vu mdi trudng, tir thoat nudc den han che tieng on, trudc mat la lien doanh vdi VN, sau nam e r i r nam thi dupe lap DN 100% von nudc ngoai r Giam thue nhap khau thit bd va tao My VN dang ap thue len cac san pham nong nghiep cua My theo muc thue trung binh la 27% Theo thoa thuan, 3/4 san pham nong nghiep cua My duoc hubng thue dudi 15% va VN se ap dung cac thoa thuan cua WTO ve cac tieu chuan kiem tra an toan ve sinh thuc pham tren cac san pham nong nghiep Lo trinh giam thue nhu sau: * Thit bd, heo: thue danh vao mat hang thit bd (noi tang ) giam tu 20% xuong 15% va giam xuong 8% vong bon nam tiep theo San pham thit bd loc xuong se duoc giam tir 20% xuong 14% vong nam nam Xuc xich bd tir 50% giam 40%, va 20% theo lo trinh nam nam San pham thit dam bong, thit heo nguyen dupe giam thue tir 30% xuong r r r r 15% vong bon nam, thit da qua che bien dupe hubng thue 10% (mire hien tai la 20%) sau nam nam * Hoa qua: thue doi vbi tao, le, nho tuoi giam tir 40% xuong 20% va xuong 10% sau nam nam Nho khb tir 40% giam xuong 25% va sau nam nam giam r r ' r 13% * San pham che bien, phan lon deu cd muc thue thap: socbla tir 40% giam r 20%, banh cookies va ngu coc tir 40% 15% vong nam nam, khoai tay chien tir 50% xuong 40% va chi 18% sau nam nam * San pham bong, da thuoc va chua thuoc: dupe hubng thue 0% lap tuc May vi tinh, dien thoai di dong se re hon Tren 94% san pham cdng nghiep cua My vao VN dupe hudng muc thue tir 15% trb xuong Lo trinh giam thue trung binh ddi vdi cac san pham cdng nghiep va tieu dung la hai nam, nhung cung co mat hang dupe giam thue VN se gia nhap x _ Hiep udc ve cdng nghe thdng tin (ITA), theo se xoa bo cac mire thue ddi vdi san pham cong nghe thong tin nhu may tinh, dien thoai di dong va modem VN cung se giam thue doi vdi san pham xe da dung co tinh nang the thao, thue doi vdi linh kien bto giam 13%; thue doi vdi motb phan khoi ldn va linh kien cung dupe giam 32% Linh vuc xe may: bo qui dinh cam nhap khau xe co dong co tren 175 phan khoi Trong vong mot nam, VN khong phan biet doi xu va minh r r r ■> r , bach viec nhap khau, phan phoi va su dung cac loai xe phan khoi ldn Ngudn: http://www.tuoitre.com.vnTianyonZIndex.aspxVArticlelD^I 42123&ChannellD=11 r Phu luc 4: TONG QUAN HIEP HINH THUONG MAI SONG PHUONG HOA KY-VIET NAM (1) Mark E Manyin, nha phan tich cac van de chau A Trich tu1 bao cao cua Ban Nghien cuu Phuc vu Quoc hoi Hoa Ky, 20/6/2001 Hiep dinh thuong mai gom phan: tiep can thi Irunng thuong mai dich vu, quyen so huu tri tue va dau tu TiepcanThi trirfrnn Viet Nam dong y tien hanh nhung buoc sau nham mo cua thi truong: - Danh quy che doi xu toi hue quoc cho cac hang hoa cua My; - Doi xu voi cac hang hoa nhap khau giong nhu hang hoa san xuat nuoc (con duoc goi la “doi xu quoc gia”); - Loai bo han ngach doi voi tat ca hang hoa nhap khau thni han tu den nam; - - Minh bach hon quy trinh mua sam cua chinh phu; - Lan dau tien cho phep tat ca cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam duoc phep kinh doanh xuat nhap khau moi hang hoa; - Lan dau tien cho phep cac cong ty My va cac doanh nghiep co von dau tu true tiep cua My duoc phep xuat nhap khau hau het cac san pham (voi lo trinh tu 3-6 nam) - Dam bao doanh nghiep nha nuoc se tuan thu cac quy dinh cua WTO; - Tuan thu cac quy dinh cua WTO ve hai quan, giay phep nhap khau, tieu chuan ky thuat va cac bien phap ve sinh va ve sinh thuc vat - Uu dai Thue quan Hiep dinh Thuong mai Song phuong Hoa Ky - Viet Nam la hiep dinh dang chu y o cho, khac voi cac hiep dinh thuong mai song phuong da tung dam phan truoc day giua My va cac nuoc thuoc dien dieu chinh cua tu chinh an Jackson-Vanik, hiep dinh chua dung cac cam ket cu the cua Viet Nam ve viec giam thue quan cho khoang 250 san pham, khoang 4/5 so la nong san Dang chu y, muc cat giam se tu 33% den 50% va duoc thuc hien giai doan nam ke tu Hiep dinh co hieu luc Muc thue quan cua Viet Nam khong qua cao doi voi mot nuoc dang phat trien (Phong Thuong vu uoc tinh muc thue suat thue quan trung binh cua Viet Nam la 15%-20%) - Chinh quyen Clinton danh gia buoc tien cua Viet Nam viec ap dung thue quan theo quy che Toi hue quoc la rat dang ke, Viet nam tu thang nam 1999 da ap dung phu thu thue quan doi voi hang hoa nhap khau tu nhung nude ma Viet Nam khong co quan he doi xu toi hue quoc co di co lai Trong thdi gian Ha Noi va Washington dam phan Hiep dinh Thuong mai Song phuong nay, Viet Nam da khong ap dung khoan phu thu doi vdi hang hoa nhap khau cua My Ben canh do, van de tiep can thi trudng, hiep dinh co quy dinh ve bao ve, theo cho phep mot hai ben co quyen tam thdi ap dat thue quan nham ngan chan tinh trang nhap khau hang hoa tang len nhanh chong Quyen Sd huu Tri tue Viet Nam cam ket thuc hien Hiep dinh ve Quyen Sd huu Tri tue Lien quan den Thuong mai (TRIPs) cua To chuc Thuong mai The gidi sau 18 thang ke tu Hiep dinh co hieu luc Hiep dinh song phuong ve TRIPs co nhung quy dinh cao hon so vdi hiep dinh TRIPs cua WTO co nhung cam ket cua Viet Nam ve bao ho tin hieu ve tinh vong 30 thang Thuong mai Dich vu Trong linh vuc dich vu, Viet nam cam ket tuan thu cac quy dinh cua WTO ve Toi hue quoc, doi xu quoc gia va cac nguyen tac phap luat quoc gia Ben canh do, Viet Nam dong y cho phep cac cong ty va cac ca nhan My dau tu vao cac thi trudng cua mot loat cac linh vuc dich vu, bao gom ke toan, quang cao, ngan hang, may tinh, phan phoi, giao duc, bao hiem, luat va vien thong Hau het cac cam ket ve cac linh vuc co lo trinh thuc hien sau den nam ke tu Hiep dinh co hieu luc Cam ket cua Viet Nam linh vuc dich vu ldn nhat cua My - ngan hang, bao hiem va vien thong - duoc neu ro dudi day Dich vu Ngan hang Viet Nam dong y thuc hien cac bien phap tu hoa sau: Trong vong nam ke tu Hiep dinh co hieu luc, cac ngan hang cua My duoc phep lap lien doanh vdi cac doi tac Viet nam, phan von gop cua Hoa Ky tu 30% den 49% von phap dinh cua lien doanh Sau nam, duoc phep lap ngan hang 100% von dau tu cua Hoa Ky Bao hiem Theo Hiep dinh Thuong mai Song phuong, doi vdi cac linh vuc bao hiem “bat buoc” (bao hiem phuong tien va xay dung), sau nam ke tu Hiep dinh co hieu luc, Viet nam se cho phep cac cong ty My lap lien doanh, khong han che phan von gop cua Hoa Ky Sau nam, cho phep lap cac doanh nghiep 100% von dau tu gop toi da cua My la 50% von phap dinh cua lien doanh Sau nam, cho phep cac doanh nghiep 100% von dau tu Hoa Ky Vien thong Theo Hiep dinh Thuong mai Song phuong, doi voi cac dich vu vien thong cao cap (nhu Internet, thu dien tu va voice mail), Viet Nam se cho phep lap cac lien doanh sau nam ke tu Hiep dinh co hieu luc, voi muc von gop toi da cua My la 50% von phap dinh cua lien doanh Dich vu Internet co lo trinh thuc hien la nam ke tir Hiep dinh co hieu luc Doi voi cac dich vu vien thong co ban (nhu fax, dien thoai di dong va cac dich vu ve tinh), cho phep lap cac lien doanh sau nam ke tu Hiep dinh co hieu lire voi muc von gop cua cac cong ty My khong che d muc 49% von phap dinh cua lien doanh Doi voi cac dich vu dien thoai noi hat, duong dai va quoc te, cho phep lap lien doanh sau nam ke tir Hiep dinh co hieu luc voi muc von gop cua Hoa Ky khong qua 49% von phap dinh cua lien doanh Viet Nam dong y se xem xet viec nang cac muc han che von gop cua Hoa Ky tien hanh danh gia Hiep dinh nam toi Dau tu’ Lien quan den dau tu,Hiep dinh Thuong mai Hoa Ky - Viet Nam co cac bao dam ve doi xu Toi hue quoc, doi xir quoc gia, minh bach va bao ve truong hop tudc quyen so huu Ben canh do, Viet Nam cam ket tien hanh nhung thay doi sau co che dau tu cua minh: - Tham dinh dau tu~ Hien tai, cac cong ty nuoc phai duoc Chinh phu dong y cho phep dau tu tai Viet Nam Theo Hiep dinh Thuong mai Song phuong nay, viec tham dinh du an se duoc xoa bo doi voi hau het cac linh vuc vong 2, hoac nam ke tir Hiep dinh co hieu luc, thuoc vao linh vuc co lien quan - Chuyen ddi Iffi nhuan ngoai te: Hien tai, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam dupe tu hon so voi cac cong ty nudc ngoai da qudc gia viec chuyen lpi nhuan thu dupe tai Viet Nam ngoai te Ngan hang Nha nudc Viet Nam cd quyen thong qua viec chuyen ddi ngoai te thay mat cac cdng ty nudc ngoai va Ngan hang Nha nudc khong cho phep cac doanh nghiep cd von dau tu nudc ngoai chuyen ddi ngoai te (2) Theo Hiep dinh Thuong mai Song phuong, cac cdng ty da qudc gia cua nudc ngoai se co quyen chuyen lpi nhuan ngoai te giong nhu cac cong ty Viet Nam; nhien, dong tien Viet Nam van chua phai dong tien tu chuyen doi - Ngu&ng vdn gop: Hien tai, phan von gop cua Hoa Ky lien doanh it nhat phai chiem 30% von phap dinh cua lien doanh Yeu cau se duoc loai bo sau nam ke tu Hiep dinh co hieu luc - Cac yeu cau ve nhan su ddi vdi lien doanh: Hien tai, Viet Nam yeu cau mot so vien hoi dong quan tri nhat dinh phai la nguoi Viet Nam va yeu cau mot so loai quyet dinh nhat dinh phai nhan duoc su dong thuan (theo danh quyen phu quyet cho cac vien Viet Nam hoi dong quan tri) - Theo Hiep dinh Thuong mai Song phuong, vong nam Viet nam se cho phep cac cong ty da quoc gia cua My co quyen lua chon cac chuc vu lanh dao cao cap ma khong co han che ve quoc tich - Cac bien phap dau tu lien quan den thuong mai (TRIMs): Viet Nam dong y vong nam ke tu Hiep dinh co hieu luc se xoa bo tat ca cac bien phap dau tu lien quan den thuong mai (TRIMs) khong phu hop vdi quy dinh cua WTO, vi du nhu cac yeu cau ve ty le noi dia hoa Tinn minli bbch Viet Nam dong y thuc hien mot co che thuong mai hoan toan minh bach bang cach cho phep gop y kien vao cac du thao luat va quy dinh, dam bao se cong khai trudc tat ca cac luat va cac quy dinh do; bang cach cong bo tat ca cac van ban do; va cho phep cong dan va cac cong ty My co quyen khieu nai cac quy dinh (1) Ngoai viec tham khao noi dung cua Hiep dinh thuong mai Song phuong Hoa Ky - Viet Nam, phan lay thong tin tu "Hiep dinh Thuong mai Viet Nam: Tong hop cac quy dinh quan trong," theo bao Reuters, 13/7/2000 (2) Phong Thuong vu, "Thong tin Thuong mai tai Viet Nam," 15/7/1999 http://vietnamese.vietnam.usembassy.gov/bta_overview.html Phu luc 5: Dau an quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky * Ngay 29/9/1990: Ngoai truong My J.Baker va Pho Thu tuong kiem Bo truong Bo Ngoai giao Viet Nam Nguyen Co Thach lan dau tien gap de ban ve quan he hai nuoc tai New York * Ngay 21/11/1991: Thu truong Bo Ngoai giao Le Mai va Tro ly Ngoai truong My ve Dong A - Thai Binh Duong R.Solomon dam phan lan dau tien ve binh thuong hoa quan he hai nuoc tai New Y ork * Ngay 3/2/1994: Tong thong My Bill Clinton tuyen bo bo hoan toan cam van Viet Nam va lap Co quan lien lac giua hai nuoc * Ngay 11/7/1995: Tong thong My Bill Clinton tuyen bo binh thuong hoa quan he ngoai giao voi Viet Nam * Ngay 12/7/1995: Thu tuong Viet Nam Vo Van Kiet tuyen bo thiet lap quan he ngoai giao voi My * Thang 8/1995: Viet Nam va My khai truong Dai su quan tai Washington va Ha Noi Ngoai truong My W Christopher lan dau tien tham Viet Nam * Ngay 12/5/1997: Viet Nam va My trao doi Dai su dau tien * Ngay 11/3/1998: My mien ap dung Dao luat bo sung Jackson - Vanik doi voi Viet Nam * Ngay 30/9 - 2/10/1998: Pho Thu tuong kiem Bo truong Bo Ngoai giao Viet Nam Nguyen Manh cam lan dau tien tham chinh thuc My * Ngay 12 - 13/9/1999: Thu tuong Phan Van Khai va Tong thong Bill r •> r r a Clinton da co cac cuoc tiep xuc rieng trao doi mot so van de quan he song phuong nhan dip tham du Hoi nghi cap cao APEC tai Auckland, New Zealand * Ngay 14/7/2000: Bo truong Bo Thuong mai Vu Khoan va Dai dien Thuong mai My Charlene Barshefsky ky Hiep dinh Thuong mai Viet - My tao Washington D.C * Ngay 6/9/2000: Nhan dip tham dir Hoi nghi Thien nien ky cua Lien hop qudc tai New York, Chu tich nuoc Tran Due Luong da co cuoc gap vdi Tong thdng Bill Clinton va da chinh thuc moi Tong thdng tham Viet Nam * Ngay 16 - 19/11/2000: Tong thdng My Bill Clinton tham chinh thuc Viet Nam Trong dip nay, hai ben ky Hiep dinh ve hop tac khoa hoc - cdng nghe va Ban ghi nho ve hop tac lao dong va chung kien Le ky 12 Thu thoa thuan ve dau tu, buon ban * Ngay 22/6 - 2/7/2001: Pho Thu tudng Pham Gia Khiem tham lam viec tai My nham trao doi ve hop tac khoa hoc, cdng nghe va giao due giua hai nudc nhan dip tham du Khoa hop ve HIV/AIDS cua Lien hop quoc tai New York * Ngay - 14/12/2001: Pho Thu tudng thudng true Nguyen Tan Dung tham lam viec tai My, chung kien Le phe chuan Hiep dinh Thuong mai Viet - My * Ngay 12 - 22/6/2002: Pho Thu tudng Nguyen Manh Cam tham lam viec tai My * Ngay 17/7/2003: Hiep dinh Det may Viet - My duoc ky chinh thuc tai Ha Noi (ky tat tai Washington D.C 25/4/2003) * Ngay - 12/12/2003: Pho Thu tudng Vu Khoan chinh thuc tham lam viec tai My, chung kien Le ky van ban, co Hiep dinh Hang khong, Thoa thuan hop tac phong chong ma * Ngay 22 - 30/4/2004: Pho Chu tich Quoc hoi Nguyen Phuc Thanh tham r My, tham du Le mat cua “Nhom nghi sy My vi quan he My - Viet” * Ngay 20 - 21/11/2004: Chu tich nudc Tran Due Luong tiep xuc song phuong vdi Tong thdng My George W.Bush nhan dip tham dir Hoi nghi Cap cao APEC 12 tai Santiago (Chi Le) * Ngay 10/12/2004: Chuyen bay true tiep dau tien tir My den Viet Nam ke tir nam 1975