Thực trạng và xu hướng phát triển của các hình thức đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài tại việt nam

BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN — 0O0 — NGO CONG THANH TRlA’JNGOA' hoc I KINK TE L>£ N | T.RUNG TAM TUUEUTT.THUVIEN THl/C TRANG VA XIJ HUdNG PHAT TRIEN cCiA CAO HINH THlfC DAU TUTRJC TIER Nt/dc NGOAI TAI VIET NAM W ■ ■ LUAN VAN THAC SY QUAN TRI KINH DOANII CHUYEN NGANI1 QUAN TRI KINH DOANH QUOC TE Ngubi liuong dan khoa hoc: PGS - TS NGUYEN NHU BINH 7tfSoi^ TWIMG TAM TL.TT TWv LUAN AN-L IIA NOI - 2000 VA.N j BANG CAC KY HIEU, CAC CHO VIET TAT AFTA (Ascan Free Trade Area) Khu vuc mau dich tn cua Hiep z hoi cac node Dong Nam A ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) Hiep hoi cac nude z Dong Nam A BOT (Build - Operation - Transfer) Xay dung - Kinh doanh - Chuyen giao DNCVDTNN Doanh nghiep cd von dau tu nude ngoai FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) dhu tu' true liep nude ngoai GDP (Gross Domestic Product) Tong san phAm quoc noi FIDHTKD Hop dong hop lac kinh doanh Hop doanh Flop lac kinh doanh tren co so hop dong hop tac kinh doanh IFC (International Financial Corporation) Cong ty Tai chinh Quoc le Lien doanh Doanh nghiep lien doanh OECD (Orgnisalion of Economic Coopration and Development) To clufc hop tac phat trien kinh te VNN Von nude ngoai WB (World Bank) Ngan hang The gidi MUC LUC Trang MC) DAU v CHU0NG I: MOT SO VAN DE CO BAN VE HINH THUC DAU TUTRUC TIEP NU0C NGOAI 1.1 KHAI NIEM VA DAC TRUNG CUA CAC HINH THUC DAU TU’ TRUC TIEP NUdC NGOAI 1.1.1 Doanh nghiep lien doanh 1.1.2 Doanh nghiep 100% von nude ngoai 11 1.1.3 Hinh thuc hop tac kinh doanh tren co so HDHTKD 14 1.1.4 Quan diem cua Le Nin ve cac hinh thuc dau tu tu ban 12 1.2 XU HU0NG VAN DONG CUA CAC DOANH NGHIEP CO VON 19 DAU TUNUdC NGOAI • 1.2.1 Xu hudng mo long va phat trien cua cac doanh nghiep co 19 von dau tu nude ngoai 1.2.2 Xu hudng da dang hoa hinh thu’e to chuc doanh nghiep co 19 von dau tu’ nu’dc ngoai 1.2.3 Xu hudng da dang hoa linh vu’e kinh doanh va mo rong quy 20 mo kinh doanh 1.3 SUDIEU CHINH TRONG CHINH SACH DOI XU'Vdl CAC 21 I-I1NH THUC DAU TUTRUC TIEP NUdC NGOAI CUA CAC NU'dC TRONG KHU VUC 1.3.1 Trung Quoc 22 1.3.2 Cac nude ASEAN 23 Indonesia 23 Malaysia 24 Philippines 24 Thai Lan 25 1.3.3 Han Quoc 25 TOM TAT CHU0NG I 26 CHU0NG II: THUC TRANG CAC IIINII THUC DAU TU TRUC 28 I IEP NU0C NGOAI TAI VIET NAM GIAI DOAN 1988-1999 2.1 TlNH HINH CHUNG VE DAU TU TRUC TIEP NU'dC NGOAI 28 TAI VIET NAM 2.1.1 Nhung mat tfch cue 28 2.2.2 Nhung mat han che 33 2.2 THUC TRANG CAC HINH THUC DAU TU TRUC TIEP NU'dC 36 NGOAI TAI VIET NAM 2.2.1 Hinh thuc doanh nghidp lien doanh 36 2.2.2 Hinh thu’c doanh nghiep 100% von nudc ngoai 2.2.3 Hinh thu’c hop tac kinh doanh tren co so HDHTKD 40 42 2.3 tinh hInh dAu tu cUa cAc nuQc vao VIET ’NAM THEO HINH THUC DAU TU 2.3.1 Dau tu cua Nhat Ban 2.3.2 Dau tu cua Dai Loan 2.3.3 Dau tu cua Singapore 2.3 DautucuaMy 2.3.5 Dau tu c cu Phap 2.4 SO SANH HIEU QUA KINH TE - XA HOI CUA CAC HINH THUC dAu TU TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI TAI VIET NAM 2.4.1 So sanh tren mot so chi tieu dinh luong 2.4.2 So sanh hai hinh thu’c doanh nghiep lien doanh va doanh nghiep 100% von nu'dc ngoai tren phuong dien loi ich cua Nha nudc Viet Nam 2.5 TINH HINH CHUYEN DOi HINH THUC DAU TU THOl GIAN QUA 2.5.1 Tinh hinh chuyen dOi hinh thu’c dUu tu cua cac du an FDI 2.5.2 Nguyen nhan chuyen dOi doanh nghiep lien doanh doanh nghiep 100% von nu’dc ngoai 2.5.3 Tinh hinh cac doanh nghiep sau chuyen dOi hinh thu’c duu tu TOM TAT CHUONG II CHU'ONG ill: MOT SO GIAI PHAP LUA CHON HINH THUC DAU TU NHAM THU HUT VA sU DUNG HIEU QUA NGUON VON FDI TRONG HOAN CANH VIET NAM 3.1 KHA NANG THU HUT VON DAU TU TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI VAO VIET NAM VA Xu HUONG PHAT TRIEN CUA CAC HINH THUG DAU TU 3.1.1 NIiu cuu von FDI phat trien kinh te Viet Nam tho’i ky 2001-2010 3.1.2 Cac nhan to tac dong tdi kha nang thu hut FDI cua Viet Nam giai doan mdi 3.2 XU HUONG VAN DONG VA PHAT TRIEN CUA CAC HINH THUG FDI TAI VIET NAM 3.2.1 Nhung dieu chinh mdi ve chinh sach doi xu vdi cac hinh thu’c duu tu truc tiep nudc ngoai cua Nha nudc 3.2.2 Xu hudng van dong va phat trien cua cac hinh thu’c duu tu' truc tiep nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam XX ZS , Z, z, X >X S' X ' Z Z? •> z? z 43 43 46 48 50 5I 53 53 54 56 56 58 64 65 67 67 z x 67 68 —it 71 71 74 3.3 MOT SO GIAI PHAP LUA CHON HINH THUG DAU TU NHAM THU HUT VA SIT DUNG CO PIIEU QUA NGUON VON FD1 TRONG HOAN CANH VIET NAM 3.3.1 Hoan thien quy hoach pliat trien va dinh hudng dau tu 3.3.2 Xir ly chuyen doi doanh nghiep lien doanh doanh nghiep 100% von nude ngoai 3.3.3 Hoan thien hanh lang phap ly nham dinh htrdng sir van dong va phat trien cua cac hinh thdc dau tir 3.3.4 Co phan hoa doanh nghiep co von dau tu’ nude ngoai TOM TAT CHUONG III KETLUAN Danh muc tai lieutham khao Phu luc 77 77 79 84 87 90 91 94 97 M (J DAU Theo Luat dau tu' nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam, cac nha dau tir nude ngoai dupe dau tu' vao Viet Nam du'di hinh thu’c: doanh nghiep lien doanh, doanh nghiep 100% von nude ngoai va hop tac kinh doanh tren co so hop ddng hop tac kinh doanh Hinh thu’c dfiu tu cua moi du' an FDI lien quail chat che tdi co die dieu hanh va quan ly doanh nghiep, thong qua anil hu'dng trite tiep tdi liieu qua san xual kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep va loi (ch cua nudc tiep nhan dau tu' Thu’c lien boat dong dau tu' true tiep nude ngoai tai Viet Nam thdi gian qua cho tliay: cung vdi su' phat trien ve so lu'png du an va von dau tu, cac hinh thii'c FDI cung Trong cuoc canh tranh thu hut von FDI, hinh thu’c dau tu la mot yen to dupe cac nu'de tiep nhan dau tu' quan tarn nhidu viec cai thien moi tru'dng dau tu' de thu hut ngudn von quan Ngoai nhung iru dai mdi vc tliue dal dai, lao dong , cac nude tiep nhan dfiu tu' bat dau chu y den nguyen vong cua cac nha dau tu nude ngoai viec lu'a chon hinh thii'c dau tu' Malaysia Thai Lan, Indonesia va ca Trung Quoc da ban hanh nhung chinh sacli mdi dieu chinh thai dp doi xit vdi cac hinh thu’c FDI nhu: thu hep cac linh vu'e han die doi vdi dau tu' nudc ngoai, da dang boa cac hinh thu’c dau tu, khong han che ty le gop von cua ben nude ngoai cac doanh nghiep lien doanh va dac biet la cho phep dfiu tu' du'di hinh thu’c doanh nghiep 100% von nude ngoai nhieu linh vu'e ma tru'dc day chi cho phep dfiu tu'du'di hinh thii'c doanh nghiep lien doanh d Viet Nam, dau nam 1998 Chinh phu da ban hanh Nglii dinh 10/1998/ND-CP vc cac bien phap khuyen khlch va dam bao boat dong dfiu tu true tiep nude ngoai tai Viet Nam, quy dinh ro nhung linh vu'e dfiu tu cd dieu kien pliai lien doanh, hoac hop ddng hop tac kinh doanh, nhung Hull virc lai nha dfiu tu duo'c lu'a chon hinh thu’c dfiu tu' Dac biet, lliang nam 2000 Quoc hoi da thong qua Luat su'a doi bo sung mol so didu cua Luat dau tu nude ngoai tai Viet Nam, theo do, cac doanh nghiep co von dau tu nude ngoai, cac ben tham gia hop dong hop tac kinh doanh qua trinh boat dong dupe phep chuyen doi hinh thuc dau tu', chia, tach, sap nhap, hop nhat doanh nghiep Chihli phu cung da ban hanh Nghi dinh 24/2000/ND-CP 31 lhang iiam 2000, thu hep linh vuc dau tu' cd dieu kien phai lien doanh vdi nude ngoai va md long cac linh vuc cho phep nha dau tu nude ngoai dupe lua chon hinh thuc dau tu Tuy vay, cac nha dau tu nude ngoai vSn danh gia moi trudng kinh doanh b Viet Nam nliidu rui ro, ma mdt nhung yeu to rui ro la cac doanh nghiep khong dupe tu chuyen doi hinh thuc dau tu', thu tuc chuyen doi qua pliidn Thdi gian qua da xuat hien nhieu trudng hop doanh nghiep lien doanh xin chuyen doi hinh thuc dau tu doanh nghiep 100% voii nude ngoai Van de dang dupe du' luan quan lain, Iren thuc te vide xu ly lung tiing va nhieu y kien khac Trude day da cd nliidu cong trinh nghien cuu vd dau tir true tiep nude ngoai lai Viet Nam, dien hinh la cong trinh luan an tidii sy cua Nguydn Thudng Lang, Hoang van Huan, Vu Huy Hoang, Tran Thi Thu, Nguydn Chi Dung Tuy nhidn cho ddii nay, vSn chua cd cong trinh nao nghien cun chi tiet ve thuc trang va xu hudng phat trien cua cac hinh thu'e FDI, nham dd xuat giai phap xu ly van de thuc tien dang dat hoat dong thu hut FDI va quail ly dir an FDI Viet Nam hien Vi vay, dd tai nghien cuu “Thuc trang va xu hudng phat trien cua cac hinh thuc dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tai Viet Nam” dupe lua chon lam de tai luan an lhac sy quan tri kinh doanh Muc dich nghien cuu cua de tai la: - Fie thoiig hoa cac vaii de ly luan chu yeii ve cac hinh thu'e FDI va kinh nghiem quoc te've chfnh sacli doi xu' vdi cac hinh thu'e FDI cua cac mrdc khu vuc - Phan tfch thuc trang hoat dong cua cac du’ an FDI tai Viet Nam thong qua cac hinh thuc dau tu khac nhau, tit danh gia hieu qua cua cac dir an FDI lheo hinh thiic dau tu, hoan canh Viet Nam - De xuat mot so giai phap chu yeu lien quan den hinh thuc dfiu tu, nham nang cao hieu qua cua cac du an FDI va cai thien moi trudng dau tu' cua Viet Nam Gidi han pham vi va doi tuong nghien cu’u: Luan an nghien cu’u cac hinh thuc FDI gan vdi thuc tidn hoat dong dau tu tru'c tiep nude ngoai tai Viet Nam giai doan 1988-1999, do, tap trung mo ta va phan tfch mot so van dd lien quan den hoat dong cua cac du an FDI tai Viet Nam theo cac hinh thuc: Doanh nghiep lien doanh, doanh nghiep 100% von nude ngoai, hop lac kinh doanh tren co sd hop ddng hop tac kinh doanh Co sd ly luan va phuong phap nghien cu’u: Luan an duqc thuc hien tren co sd cac nguyen ly cua Chu nglna vat bien cluing va vat lich su, quan diem cua Dang va Nha nude ta ve sir nghiep doi mdi, ve cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nude, ve chfnh sach thu hut dfiu tu true tiep nude ngoai phuc vu phat trien kinh te Luan an str dung cac phuong phap nghien cu’u khac nhu: mo ta thong ke, so sanh, phan tfch lie thong de giai quyet cac vffn de dua Nliung dong gdp cua luan an: clitic tai Viet Nam, Thai lan, Malaysia Ddng gdp chfnh cua luan an la: - Tong ket kinh ngliiem qudc te v6 nliung hinh thuc dau tu true tiep nude ngoai va nliu’ng di6u chinli mdi chfnh sach doi xir vdi cac hinh thirc dfiu tir true tiep nude ngoai cua Trung Qudc va mot sd nude khu vtre - Danil gia cac hinh thiic dfiu tu’ true tiep nude ngoai thong qua tfnli hieu qua va tfnli phu hop vdi thuc tien Viet Nam, chi nliung uu diem, nliu’ng han che cua moi hinh thuc dau tu' Tai lieu tieng nude ngoai Ban tlitf ky ASEAN - Trends and Developments in Foreign Direct Investment - ASEAN Investment Report 1999 Telstra Corporation Limited - A new Business Model for investment in Telecommunications - Ha Noi, 2000 Van phong Thu ttfdng Malasia - Malaysia’s socio - economic development - Kuala Lumpur, 1998 Van phong Thu trtdng Malasia - Malaysia Investment in the menufacturring sector - Policies, Incentives and Facilities - - Kuala Lumpur, 1998 Van phong Thu ttfdng Thai Lan - Summary The eighth national economic and social development plan (1997-2001) - Bangkok, 1998 World Bank - Vietnam Preparing for take off - Report - 1999 World Bank - World Investment Report 1999 PHAN PHU LUC • • HINH THUC DAU TU PHAN THEO NGANH H