Tăng cường quản lý dự án hỗ trợ phát triển chính thức trong giáo dục đại học của bộ giáo dục đào tạo

8464 LV ThS DHKTQD LOI CAM DOAN r r Toi xin cam doan day la cong trinh nghien curu cua rieng toi Cac so lieu, ket qua neu luan van la trung thirc Nhung ket luan cua luan van chua ttrng duoc cong bo bat ky cong trinh nao khac Tac gid luan van DOAN HIEU MUC LUC • • LCH CAM DOAN MUC LUC DANH MUC CHU VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG BIEU, SO DO TOM TAT LUAN VAN LCH MO DAU CHUONG 1: NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG VE QUAN LY DU* AN HO TRO PHAT TRIEN CHINH THUC 1.1 Khai niem va dac diem cua nguon von va dir an ho try phat trien chinh thdc 1.1.1 Khai niem ve ODA 1.1.2 Khai niem va dac diem dir an ODA 1.2 Co’ so1 ly luan ve quan ly nha nunc doi voi von ODA va dir an von ODA 10 1.2.1 Khai niem quan ly nha nude ve von ODA 10 1.2.2 Tam quan cua quan ly nha nude ve ODA 10 1.2.3 Noi dung quan ly nha nude ve von ODA 15 1.2.4 Cac cong cu quan ly nha nude ve von ODA 18 1.3 Kinh nghiem mot so quoc gia tren the gidi 20 x x 1.3.1 Thue tien d mot so quoc gia 20 1.3.2 Bai hoc kinh nghiem cd the van dung cho quan ly du an ODA vao giao due Dai hoc 23 CHUONG 2: THUC TRANGQUAN LY DU AN HO TRO PHAT TRIEN CHINH THUC TRONG GIAO DUC DAI HOC CUA BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO 24 2.1 Khai quat ve nguon von ODA vao nganh giao due d Viet Nam 24 2.1.1 Vai tro cua nguon von ODA doi vdi nganh giao due d Viet Nam 24 2.1.2 Khai quat ve nguon von ODA cho giao due d Viet Nam thdi gian qua 25 2.2 Thue trang cac dy an ODA vao giao due Dai hoc Viet Nam .30 2.2.1 Khai quat ve ODA vao Giao due Dai hoc Viet Nam 2002-2012 30 2.2.2 Thuc trang du an ODA vao giao due Dai hoc 2006 - 2012 33 2.2.3 Cac ket qua dat duoc 36 2.2.4 Danh gia tac dong ddi voi nganh va vung 41 2.3 Thye trang quan ly du an ODA cua Bo Giao due linh vyc Giao due Dai hoc Giai doan 2006-2012 51 2.3.1 Hanh lang phap ly 51 2.3.2 Co cau bo may to churc 67 2.3.3 Thue tranghoat dong quan ly 72 2.4 Danh gia chung ve thyc trang tang cuong quan ly dy an ODA giao due Dai hoc 78 2.4.1 Nhung ket qua dat duoc 78 2.4.2 Nhung han che 80 2.4.3 Nguyen nhan cua nhung han che 82 CHVONG 3: GIAI PHAP TANG (TONG QUAN LY DV AN HO TRO PHAT TRIEN CHINH THUC CHO GIAO DUC DAI HOC CUA BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO 83 3.1 Tang cuong quan ly bang each tiep tuc hoan thien hanh lang phap ly 83 3.1.1 Bo sung, dieu chinh he thong luat va cac van ban dudt luat cho dong bo, thong nhat va sat voi thuc tien 83 3.1.2 Tiep tuc hoan thien cac cor che ve tai chinh quan ly von ODA 83 3.1.3 Bo sung them cac quy dinh ve kiem tra thuc hien, giam sat doi voi hoat dong cua du an ODA 83 3.2 Tang cudng quan ly bang each tiep tuc hoan thien mo hinh quan ly ODA cua Bo Giao due va Dao tao 84 3.2.1 Hoan thien co cau to chuc don vi dau moi ve quan ly ODA cua Bo Giao due va Dao tao 84 3.2.2 Tiep tuc hoan thien co che quan ly cua Ban quan ly du an 85 3.3 Tang cuong quan ly thong qua tang cuong nang luc doi ngu can bo quan ly du an ODA giao due Dai hoc 86 3.3.1 Nang cao nhan thuc cua can bo tham gia cong tac quan ly ODA giao due Dai hoc ve nguon vdn ODA va quan ly du an ODA giao due Dai hoc 86 3.3.2 Nang cao nang lire chuyen mon ve quan ly nha nude va quan ly du an linh vuc ODA 86 3.4 Tang cirfrng quan ly theocac noi dung quan ly cua Bo Giao due va Dao tao 88 3.4.1 Lua chon khau kiem tra, danh gia ket qua thuc hien du an ODA lam khau dot pha de tang cuong quan ly du an ODA giao due Dai hoc 88 3.4.2 Cai tien khau quan ly von cong tac trien khai thuc hien cua du an ODA giao due Dai hoc 89 3.4.3 Tinh giam thu tuc va cac khau quyet dinh tat ca cac khau quan ly du an ODA giao due Dai hoc 89 3.5 Mot so van de kien nghi voi Chinh phu 91 KET LUAN 93 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 94 DANH MUC CHU VIET TAT GD : Giao due DH : Dai hoc THCS : Trung hoc cor so THPT : Trung hoc thong GV : Giang vien SV : Sinh vien NCKH : Nghien curu khoa hoc DANH MUC BANG BIEU, SO DO BANG: Bang 2.1 Danh muc cac dir an WB tai trq cho giao due Viet Nam 2004-2012 .30 Bang 2.2: Nguon von ODA vao Giao due Viet Nam sir dung cho tirng cap hoc giai doan 1998 - 2003 32 Bang 2.3 Ket thuc hien cac tieu du an Du an Giao due Dai hoc 39 HINH VE: Hinh 2.1: Co cau von ODA vao Viet Nam theo nganh 2002-2012 26 Hinh 2.2: Muc tieu dau tu cho giao due giai doan 2002-2012 27 SO DO: So 2.1 Bo may quan ly ODA vao Giao due Dai hoccua Bo Giai due 68 va Dao tao giai doan 2002-2007 68 So 2.2 Bo may quan ly ODA vao Giao due Dai hoccua Bo Giai due va Dao tao giai doan 2007-2012 69 So 2.3 Mo hinh ban quan ly du an ODA Giao due Dai hoc 70 giai doan 2002-2005 70 So 2.4 Mo hinh ban quan ly du an ODA trongGiao due Dai hoegiai doan 2005-2012 72 TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE Qu6c DAN ■ ■ S0SoOg8G8 DOAN HIEU TANG CUONG QUAN LY DITAN HO TRO PHAT TRIEN CHINH THUC TRONG GIAO DUC DAI HOC CUA DO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO CHUYEN NGANH: KINH TE DOI NGOAI TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY HA VOI • 11 2012 i LCH MO DAU Giao due la mot hoat dong xa hoi dong vai trd het sue quan doi vdi mot quoc gia bat cu thdi ky nao Vdi dac thu cua giao due Viet Nam dac biet la giao due Dai hoc chu yeu la cac trudng cong lap kho co kha nang tu dau tu, Nguon von can cho giao due dai hoc hien la rat Ion, tat yeu can huy dong nguon dau tu tu ben ngoai nguon von ho tro phat trien chinh thuc (ODA) la mot kenh hanh cac du an ODA de nguon von ODA vao giao due Dai hoc thuc su hieu qua la thuc su can thiet Lua chon de tai “Tang cuang quan ly du an hd trq phat trien chinh thuc giao due dai hoc cua Bo Giao due va Dao tao ” tac gia mong muon nghien cuu va tim hieu ro thuc trang quan ly va dieu hanh cac du an su dung nguon von ODA vao giao due dai hoc d Viet Nam, thong qua dua duqc nhung kien nghi AZA AZ de xuat nham tang cudng kha nang quan ly nguon von nay, gop phan thuc day su phat trien giao due Dai hoc d Viet Nam Tuong ung vdi noi dung nghien cuu, ngoai phan ldi md dau, ket luan, tai lieu tham khao, muc luc, cac tu viet tat, luan van duqc ket cau nhu sau: Chuang 1: Nhimg van de chung ve quan ly du an hd tro’phat trien chinh thuc Chuang 2: Thuc trang tang cuang quan ly du an hd tra phat trien chinh thuc giao due Dai hoc cua Bo Giao due va Dao tao Chuang 3: Giai phap tang cuong quan ly du an hd tra phat trien chinh thuc giao due Dai hoc cua Bo Giao due va Dao tao 82 Yeu to nang luc van la mot diem yeu dang quan tam, dac biet la khau tham dinh du an ODA Ngudn nhan luc chat luqng cao linh vuc cua cac Bo nganh noi chung la yeu chu khdng rieng gi Bo Giao due va Dao tao Dac biet nganh Giao due, viec tuyen dung cac vi tri cang kho hon.Bdi vay, chat luqng tham dinh du an ODA cung la van de can quan tam Ve kiem tra, danh gid ket qua du an Tren thuc te cac bao cao van mang tinh hinh thuc, hau het cac han muc deu Co so de danh gia hieu qua du an thieu, dac biet du an ODA linh vuc Giao due Dai hoc hau het la du an hd trq nang luc quan ly cua nha nudc va nang luc dao tao cua cac trudng dai hoc, cac noi dung can cd thdi gian de thay duqc ket qua nen xay dung cong cu va phuong phap danh gia ket qua thuc hien va hieu qua cua du an tai thdi diem danh gia gap nhieu kho khan 2.4.3 Nguyen nhan cua nhirng han che Nguyen nhan cua nhung han che tren cd rat nhieu cd ca cac nguyen nhan chu quan tu cac cap quan ly du an ODA dong thdi cung cd nhung nguyen nhan khac quan su phat trien va nhung bien dong cua mdi trudng kinh te, chinh tri cua cac qudc gia nudc va qudc te Nhin tir phia co quan quan ly nha nudc la Bo giao < r r due va Dao tao ta cd the thay mot sd nhung nguyen nhan chu yeu nhu sau: Mot la: Mo hinh td chuc bo may quan ly vdn ODA d ca cap Bo va cap ban quan ly du an chua hoan thien va dong bo Hai la: Doi ngu can bo tham gia quan ly du an thieu va yeu ca ve sd luqng va chat luqng Ba la: Viec td chuc trien khai thuc hien cac khau nhieu bat cap, quy trinh trien khai vira thieu lai vira thira d nhieu noi dung 83 CH ( ONG GIAI PHAP TANG CUONG QUAN LY DU AN HO TRO PHAT TRIEN CHINH THIC CHO GIAO DUC DAI HOC CUA • • • BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO 3.1 Tang cirong quan ly bang each tiep tuc hoan thien hanh lang phap ly 3.1.1 Bd sung, dieu chinh he thong luat va cac van ban dirdt luat cho dong bo, thong nhat va sat voi thirc tien Day chinh la diem yeu khau quan ly nha nude ve vdn ODA bd he r thong quy pham phap luat la cdng cu quan nhat de thuc hien vai trd quan ly nha r nude cua Bo Can dac biet chu den su dong bo cac quy dinh ve ODA giua cac van ban quy pham phap luat hien hanh de tao tinh thong nhat va tudng minh cua he thong Tao dieu kien cho cac nha tai tro, cho cac ban quan ly du an hoat dong mot each chu dong hanh lang phap ly 3.1.2 Tiep tuc hoan thien cac co1 che ve tai chinh quan ly vdn ODA Hoan thien cac co che ve tai chinh bao gom viec cai thien thu tuc rut vdn vay ODA, rut vdn ODA khong hoan lai theo hudng don gian hoa, hai hoa giua Viet Nam vdi cac nha tai tro nhu van phai dam bao quan ly ngudn vdn vay ODA Cai tien chinh sach thue ddi vdi cac du an ODA 3.1.3 Bd sung them cac quy dinh ve kiem tra there hien, giam sat doi voi hoat dong cua du an ODA Nhu da nhan xet d tren, cac quy dinh quan ly ddi vdi du an ODA vao Giao due Dai hoc da tuong doi day du nhien he thong cac quy dinh ve danh gia, kiem tra, giam sat qua trinh thuc hien van cdn long leo, chua cd co che tu danh gia, kidm tra cheo giua ban quan ly du an va co quan quan lu nha nude ddi vdi du an Viec bo sung them he thong nhung quy dinh la het sure can thiet 84 3.2 Tang ciroug quan ly bang each tiep tuc hoan thien mo hinh quan ly ODA cua Bo Giao due va Dao tao Trong giai doan 2002 - 2012 Bo may quan ly ODA cua Bo Giao due va Dao tao da co nhung thay doi tich cue de tang cudng quan ly cua Bo theo hudng thong nhat quan ly nha nudc doi vdi nguon von ODA Trong Bo da lap duqc co quan dau mdi cua Bo ve ODA (Phong ODA, Vu Ke hoach Tai chinh) va Bo da xay dung duqc so ban quan ly du an ODA ve Giao due Dai hqc theo hudng thong nhat quan ly va phan tang ban quan ly d cap Trung uong va cap Dia phuong Tuy da cd nhtrng thay ddi dang ke nhung de tiep tuc tang cudng quan ly van can tiep tuc hoan thien bo may to chuc 3.2.1 Hoan thien €0" cau to chuc don vi dau mdi ve quan ly ODA cua Bo Giao due va Dao tao Hien nay, phong ODA da duqc lap vdi nhiem vu dau mdi theo ddi hoat dong cua cac du an ODA Tuy nhien, Bo may cua Phong chua duqc quy dinh cu the dan den cdn nhieu noi dung can theo ddi nhung chua duqc thuc hien De dam bao chuc nang dau mdi tac gia kien nghi hoan thien co cau to chuc cua phong theo cac y sau: Mot la,can them nhan luc bo sung cho phong ODA de tang cudng nang luc cua phong Hien phong ODA dang cd ngudi hoat dong nhu vay chua dap ung duqc khoi luqng cdng viec can thuc hien Hai /d.phan cdng theo ddi ODA theo linh vuc cu the Dac biet, can phan cdng chuyen vien theo ddi rieng mang giao due Dai hqc de tao thuan lqi cho cac cdng tac phoi hqp viec theo ddi hoat dong cua ODA Hien nay, Phong dang phan cdng chuyen vien theo ddi theo trung chuong trinh, du an Ba la,bo sung bo phan theo ddi va tong hqp thong tin ve ODA vao noi dung phong ODA.Thong tin la yeu to quan gop phan nang cao hieu qua cdng tac quan ly va su dung ODA Thong tin day du va chinh xac se la nhtrng can cu de co quan quan ly quyet dinh Thai gian qua d VN thong 85 r a r y > tin ve ODA thuong thieu, khong day du gay kho khan rat nhieu cho cac co quan chinh phu quan ly ODA Nhu da nhan xet phan danh gia Chuong 2, hoat dong xay dung co so thong tin va chia se de su dung quan ly du an ODA cua Bo Giao due Dao tao yeu Can khan truong thiet lap mot he thong thdng tin huu hieu cua Bo Giao due ve ODA, nhung thong tin phai the hien ro van de sau: - Chien luge hanh dong, co so hop tac, quy trinh thu tuc ODA cua tung nha tai tro Neu nhung dac diem, nguyen tdc luat le cua timg nha doi tac vien tro - Thong tin ve cam ket ODA cua cac nha tai tro , dinh hudng uu tien chien luge su dung ODA cua chinh phu , tinh hinh giai ngan ODA theo nghanh , vung, lmh vuc cu the - Thdng tin ve he thdng van ban luat, cac qui dinh , qui che quan ly su dung ODA, cac hudng dan ve qui trinh thu tuc ddi vdi mot du an ODA cu the 3.2.2 Tiep tuc hoan thien co* che quan ly cua Ban quan ly dir an Mo hinh ban quan ly du an hai tang hien Bo Giao due va Dao tao dang su dung la tuong doi phu hgp vdi thuc trang cac chuong trinh, du an ODA vao giao due Dai hgc giai doan hien Tuy da cd mo hinh td chuc hgp ly, nhung can tiep tuc cung cd va thuc hien nghiem tuc mo hinh hien qua trinh quan ly va thuc hien du an Giao due Dai hgc.Theo hudng thuc hien nghiem tuc viec phan cap giua ban quan ly cap trung uong va ban quan ly cap co sd Dac biet du an > r ODA vao giao due Dai hgc thuong cd nhieu noi dung dugc thuc hien d cap co sd la cac Trudng Dai hgc, viec phan quyen cac ban quan ly cap trudng nhu the nao de dam bao kha nang giam sat cua Ban quan ly cap trung uong dong thdi tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho viec trien khai du an cua cac trudng la rat quan trgng va can dugc chu y quan tam 86 3.3 Tang CTong quanly thong qua cong cirong nangloc doi ngu can bo quan ly dn an ODA giao dun Dai Uon 3.3.1 Nang nco nUan tUun nuc nan bc tUcm gic nang tan quan ly ODA giao dun Dai Uon ve nguon von ODA va quan ly dn an ODA giao dun Dili Uon • • • Can cu vao thinh hinh hoi dam quoc te hien thi cac dieu kien dat de giai ngan duqc von ODA da gia tang dang ke Trong tinh hinh viec nam duqc cac dieu uoc quoc te moi ky ket va cac thong le quoc te hqp tac phat trien va ■» •> r •> r tang cuong kha nang van dung nhuan nhuyen cac hieu biet de ky ket cac hiep ding vay von la can thiet Muc tieu cua cong tac la tao dieu kien cho VN co quyen lam chu va de duqc chu dong de xuat va su dung von ODA Gan phai thay rang ODA khong phai la khoan cho khong ma phai kem theo no la cac dieu kien ve kinh te - chinh tri Mat khac, chung ta phai hoan tra nq ca goc lan lai Vi vay neu su dung khong hieu qua co the roi vao tinh trang khung hoang, nq cong Dac biet doi # a r a r r voi nguon von ODA vao Giao duc Dai hoc cang can thiet hon phai can nhac thu hut va su dung Ben canh nhung dia chi, nhung noi dung thuc su can den nguon von ODA, cac nha quan ly can phai can nhac den cac nguon von khac, co the can nhac den viec thu hut FDI vao giao duc Dai hoc 3.3.2 Nang nco nang lnn nUuyen man ve quan ly nUa nudn va quan ly dn an linU vnn ODA Nang luc doi ngu can bo quan ly von ODA noi chung va cac du an ODA giao duc Dai hoc noi rieng deu dong vai tro quyet dinh doi voi su cong cua du an ODA Hien nay, doi voi dac thu cua nganh giao duc luc luqng can bo co nghiep vu quan ly ODA cua nganh dang yeu va thieu Dao tao lai va boi duong luc luqng can bo quan ly, dieu phoi va su dung ODA la mot bien phap quan nham hoan thien cdng tac dieu phoi, quan ly va su dung ODA vao giao duc Dai hoc hien Bo Giao duc va cac Bo, Ban nganh co tham quyen can phai co mot chuong trinh dao tao rong rai de tao nhung thay doi ve nhan thuc, thai va ky nang d tat ca cac cap, tang cuong cong tac quan ly nha nuoc ve ODA Cac can bo quan ly ODA phai co kien thuc day du ve cac mat: 87 - Cac loai hinh vien trg co the van dong va cac chi phi co lien quan de hap thu vien trg - Chinh sach va lgi ich cua cac nha tai trg - Chu ky du an, su phdi hgp giua cac co quan cung nhu trach nhiem, quyen han cua mdi co quan d tung giai doan cua chu ky du an - Cac kien thuc ve kinh te thi trudng, phuong phap phan tich chinh sach kinh r r r te phu hgp vdi co che kinh te mdi - Nhung kien thuc co ban ve ngoai giao, luat phap qudc te, trinh ngoai ngu - Nhung kien thuc va thuc tien chung ve giao due noi chung va giao due Dai hgc noi rieng d Viet Nam Cong tac dieu phdi bo tri can bo tham gia quan ly du an ODA cung can phai xem xet lai.Viec bo tri lua chon cac chuyen gia cd trinh de quan ly cho du an la mot yeu td cd tinh chat quyet dinh cho cong cua du an Can bo dugc bo tri va cac ban quan ly du an phai dam bao la nhung ngudi cd nang luc thuc su, cd trinh chuyen mon dugc dao tao chinh quy du de dieu phdi va quan ly du an Trong qua trinh thuc hien du an, khdng nen thay the nua chung r r cac can bo chu chot cua du an, nhat la ngudi quan ly dieu hanh vi lam nhu vay se dan den tinh trang mat tinh lien tuc cua du an, dut doan cho cong tac thuc thi du an dung tien Cac can bo tham gia quan ly du an cung nen khdng ngtrng hgc hoi va tu dao tao lai minh, bat kip nhu cau chung cua thdi dai cung nhu dam bao thuc hien tot cac nhiem vu dugc giao Trong cong tac dao tao va bo tri can bo, can chu hon ntra tdi viec dao tao cac can bo cap tinh, phd Hien chinh phu da thuc hien phan cap quan r r r ly cac tinh, phd dugc tien hanh phe duyet mot sd loai du an ODA thuoc vao noi dung va quy mo cua du an Viec tang cudng cong tac dao tao va bo tri can bo d cac tinh, phd se tao dieu kien, tien de cho cong tac quan ly va su dung ODA d cac du an loai cd hieu qua 88 3.4 Tang cudng quan ly theocac noi dung quan ly cua Bo Giao due va Dao tao r •> 3.4.1 Lua chon khau kiem tra, danh gia ket qua thyc hien du* an ODA lam khau dot pha de tang cirong quan ly du* an ODA giao due Dai hoc Thyc te hien cho thay, ngudn von ODA vao Viet Nam noi chung va vao giao due Dai hoc noi rieng la rat quan trong, nhien co the khang dinh ODA la > r r r yr nguon von co hieu qua su dung rat thap so vdi cac nguon vdn khac Thuc hien kiem tra nghiem tuc, danh gia ket qua thuc hien du an mot each chinh xac la bien phap can thiet de nang cao hieu qua quan ly du an ODA.Bdi vay tac gia luc chon khau danh gia ket qua thuc hien lam khau dot pha tang cuong quan ly du an ODA Thong thuong doi vdi cac du an dau tu bang vdn vay , cac nha tai trq thuong yeu cau Chinh phu thue chuyen gia tu van , phoi hop vdi cac ddi tac va ngudi duqc hudng thu tien hanh danh gia , giam sat du an Nhung cdng viec chi duqc thuc hien giai doan thuc hien du an hoan Trong thdi gian tdi, chinh phu can quan tam hon ntra den kiem tra ,giam sat du an d giai doan sau du an Cdng tac kiem tra , giam sat thuc hien day du gop phan lam tang tinh ben vung cua du an, tao kha nang giai ngan nhanh va cung cd niem tin cua cac nha tai trq ddi vdi Viet Nam Cac don vi thuc hien vdn ODA can phai thuc hien nghiem chinh va thuong x r a r y xuyen bao cao vdn dau tu thuc hien va quyet toan vdn dau tu du an hoan r 77 y Bao cao quyet toan can phai duqc kiem toan de dam bao tinh chinh xac trudc gui den cac co quan chuc nang tham tra phe duyet quyet toan r y r 7 Mot sd de xuat cu the de tang cudng hieu qua kiem tra giam sat: - Xay dung co quan kiem tra, giam sat doc lap vdi ban quan ly du an hoac cd the doc lap vdi Bo Giao due va Dao tao - Xay dung, hoan thien cac quy trinh va noi dung kiem tra, theo hudng danh gia den tung noi dung thuc hien du an, tap trung vao danh gia ket qua thuc hien, tren quan diem cdng khai, rd rang, minh bach - Thu gon, cat giam cac hinh thuc kiem tra, giam sat khong can thiet, tranh viec kiem tra cheo, gay mat thdi gian, ton kern cho ngan sach nha nudc 89 3.4.2 Cai tien khau quan ly von cong tac trien khai thu*c hien cua dy an ODA giao duc Dai hoc r r Cai tien cong tac quan ly von cua du an ODA la nham tao dieu kien thuan loi cho du an duoc thuc hien dung tien do, nhung van bao dam von duoc su dung theo r r y r dung che quan ly tai chinh Sau day la mot so de xuat: * Don gian hoa thu tuc rut von Mot d ac diem cua von ODA la chiu su quan ly tai chinh khong chi cua chinh phu ma cua cac nha tai tro, dac biet la doi voi cac du an vien tro co hoan lai.Vi vay, cac thu tuc rut von ODA o nuoc de nghi khong ap dung phuc tap hon so voi thu tuc rut cac nguon von Ngan sach khac Truoc von du an duoc giai ngan, ngan hang duoc chon da ky hop dong nhan von voi bo tai chinh (hoac voi ngan hang Nha nuoc) va hop dong cho vay lai voi chu du an.Mat khac, ke hoach thuc hien von du an da duoc cac co quan chu quan tong hop ke hoach hang nam trinh bo ke hoach va dau tu va ngan hang Nha nuoc.Vi vay, co the chi can ngan hang duoc chon xem xet ho rut von truoc chu du an gui ho so xin rut von cho nha tai tro la du Sau rutvon, ban ke rut von nha tai tro gui cho chu du an se la mot can cu (cung voi cac van ban khac theo quy dinh hien hanh) de chu du an lam giay xac nhan vien tro, hoan tat cac thu tuc nhan hang, rut tien va toan voi ngan sach Nha nuoc r t r r * Chan chinh cong tac kien toan, quyet toan von De thuc hien don gian hoa thu tuc rut von, phan cap can doi von bao dam nuoc cac du an ODA,dieu co y nghia quyet dinh la phai chan chinh, tang cuong viec dinh ky bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien kiem toan va quyet toan von bao cao quyet toan can duoc kiem toan (do co quan kiem toan tien hanh theo hop dong) truoc gui den cac co quan co chuc nang tham tra va phe duyet quyet toan 3.4.3 Tinh giam thu tuc va cac khau quyet dinh tat ca cac khau quan ly dy an ODA giao duc Dai hoc Cac quy dinh cua Chinh phu va cua Bo Giao duc va Dao tao ve du an ODA o Viet Nam da co nhung hoan thien va cai tien dang ke nhien van phuc tap va nang ve thu tuc hanh chinh Tac gia kien nghi nhu sau: 90 • Phdi tinh giam hod cac quy trinh quyet dinh Quy trinh quyet dinh doi vdi du an su dung vdn ODA van dai dong chang han nhu phe duyet phai tu cap cao nhat Qua trinh quyet dinh van tap r r r trung hoa va da trai qua mot qua trinh lau dai de di den mot nhat tri chung ton kern thdi gian va lam cham tre qua trinh quyet dinh ddi hoi phai cd nhieu nd luc hon nua dua tren su phan cap, nang cao quan ly va tang cudng nang luc: - Cac ban quan ly du an khdng cd du tham quyen va quyen luc de quan ly cac du an mot each cd hieu qua Ho phai tuan thu theo cac quyet dinh cua cap tren va ton nhieu thdi gian chd doi phe chuan tir cap bo phan ldn cac van de - Quy trinh rudm cung tao nen qua trinh thuc hien vi chung can trd cac ban quan ly du an dieu chinh du an mot mdi trudng thay ddi Don gian hoa quy trinh la can thiet nhung cd the lam duqc muon cd su ket hop tot nhat giua "su giam sat cua cap tren" va "viec dua khuyen khich va quyen tu chu" - Cac ban quan ly du an can yeu cau cap tren phe duyet cac van de lien quan den hoat dong thuc hien du an Dieu phan anh su kem nang luc cua mot sd cac ban quan ly du an va Chinh phu dam bao bung each kiem tra tat ca cac budc quy trinh ma cac ban quan ly du an phai tuan theo va moi khia canh cua viec hoat dong thuc hien du an phai dap ung cac yeu cau De giai quyet tinh trang Chinh phu cd the tien mot them mot budc bang each thuc hien nhung bien phap linh hoat horn nhu ndi long viec kiem tra thu tuc cua cap tren ddi vdi cac ban quan ly du an cd nhieu kinh nghiem • Phdi ket hop hai hod giua chu ky du an cua nha tai tra va cua Chinh phu Su can thiet phai hai hoa chu ky du an cua Chinh phu va nha tai trq, tre thdi gian giua chu ky du an cua Chinh phu va cua nha tai trq la thuc hien thuong xuyen xay ra, chang nhu qua trinh phe duyet du an, da dan den su cham tre qua trinh thuc hien du an, hoac su thieu ngudn vdn ddi ung tai chd Viec phan cong phan cap trach nhiem va quyen han giua cac co quan chuc nang cua Chinh phu qua trinh du an ODA da va dang hinh tuong ddi ro 91 3.5 Mot so van de kien nghi vdi Chinh phu - Can lam ro vai trd cua Bo ke hoach va dau tu va Bo Tai chinh ddi vdi cac du an ODA cd hoan lai - Trach nhiem cua Bo ke hoach va dau tu vdi tu each la co quan dau mdi ODA doi vdi quan ly tai chinh ODA den muc nao - Trach nhiem cua co quan chu quan ddi vdi viec su dung cd hieu qua ODA Chuc nang, nhiem vu cu the cua cac co quan noi tren quan ly, dieu phoi va su dung ODA phai duoc xac dinh cu the, rd rang, khong chong cheo dua tren chuc nang, nhiem vu cua cac co quan da duqc cac cap cd tham quyen quy dinh rd trach nhiem quyen han cua tung cap, tung co quan quan ly va dieu phoi ODA Ngoai phai quy dinh cac mdi quan he va each thuc hoat dong gifra cac co quan cho bao dam nguyen tac "mot cua" cdng tac quan ly va dieu phoi ODA nhung khong duqc de xay tinh trang cua quyen, quan lieu gay anh hudng den qua trinh thuc hien cac chuong trinh, du an ODA Mat khac, nhu da de cap each tiep can mdi la di tu du an den kim ngach vien trq Do do, ke hoach vay nq nudc ngoai phai ke hoach dau tu phat trien Vdi chuc nang chuan bi cac ke hoach qudc gia va danh muc cac du an uu tien, can ddi cac ngudn luc theo muc tieu phat trien cac co quan giup Chinh phu quan ly ODA d tam vi md khac cung nhu cac co quan chu quan cd trach nhiem phoi hqp vdi Bo ke hoach va dau tu viec lua chon dung du an, dung ngudn vien trq va noi dung dam phan theo hudng dat duqc cac dieu kien nhan vien trq khong hoan lai hoac vay nq cd lqi nhat Tiep theo, mot ngudn vien trq da vao den Viet Nam, trach nhiem quan ly ngudn vdn theo che quan ly ngan sach Nha nudc trudc het thuoc ve Bo tai chinh Viec quan ly nq ddi vdi mot khoan ODA cung thuoc ngan hang Nha nudc (nhung khoan nq ngan hang Nha nudc thay mat Chinh phu ky hiep dinh) Cuoi cung, du an da hoan dua vao su dung, khai thac, trach nhiem quan ly lai thuoc ve cu quan chu quan De tang cudng su phoi hqp cua cac co quan 92 chu quan tu khau xac dinh du an uu tien, dieu quan la quy dinh ro trach nhiem nhat la trach nhie tai chinh cho cac bo, nganh va cac dia phuomg Trong khuon khd han ngach quy dinh cho pham vi quan ly cua minh ky, cac bo nganh va Uy ban nhan dan cac tinh se nang cao chat luong du an dang uu tien nhat de trinh len co quan dau moi vien trg Ve hoan thien phan cap quan ly von ODA, thuc chat la xac dinh cap quyet dinh quy trinh cua du an.Theo huong don gian hoa thu tuc ma van bao dam su r X , _ * X dung co hieu qua nguon von nay, can tang cudng quyen han cua cac co quan giup r r i Chinh phu quan ly vi mo ODA Mot so hudng chu yeu co the la: - Thu tuong Chinh phu phe duyet quy hoach dinh hudng ODA, cac ke hoach van dong ODA va noi dung hiep dinh, nghi dinh thu se dam phan va ky ket vdi cac r x r nha tai tro cung quyet dinh dau tu cac du an ODA nhom A va phe duyet ket qua dau thau cac du an ODA co tri gia tren 10 trieu USD - Bo ke hoach va dau tu quyet dinh dau tu cac du an ODA nhom B bao gom ca ke hoach tai chinh de thuc thi du an, phe duyet ket qua dau thau cac du an ODA co tri gia dudi 10 trieu USD - Bo tai chinh quan ly viec cap phat tai chinh, thu hoi va tra no Chinh phu va quyet dinh ngan hang de thuc hien toan quoc te hoac cho vay lai nude, phe duyet quyet toan cac du an ODA nhom A, B 93 KET LUAN Tang cudng quan ly duan ODA la mot nhung nhan to quan gop phan nang cao hieu qua su dung nguon vdn ODA, mot nguon von dong vai trd rat quan trong phai trien kinh te va xa hoid Viet Nam Ddi vdi linh vuc Giao due noichung va Giao ducDai hoc noi rieng, nhung nam tdi ngudn vdn ODA van giu mot vai trd khong the thay thede tiep tuc md rong va nang cao chat luqng giao due Cac duan ODA vao giao duedai hoc hien dang vao nhung linh vuc chinh la hoan thien he thong chinh sach va bo may quan ly nha nudc; Nang cao chat luqng giao duc v.v Day deu la nhung linh vuc phuc tap, rat kho kiem soat noi dung va chat luqng su dung dong vdn ODA Mat khac, thuc te cung cho thay hieu qua su dung ngudn vdn ODA linh vuc chua cao, nhieu noi dung trien khai cdn mang tinh hinh thuc hoac thieu hieu qua Trong nhung nam vira qua, Chinh phu, Cac Bo/Nganh, Bo Giao due vaDao tao da cd nhieu bien phap tang cudng quan ly duan ODA linh vuc Giao ducDai hqc Trong phai keden viec xay dung duqc md hinh to chuc hoat dong mdi chat che vadaydu hon d ca he thong quan ly cap nha nudc va cap ban quan ly duan; tang cudng quan ly tren tat ca cac khau trien khai duan ODA.Tuy da cd nhieu x r r - thay doi ve ca noi dung va chat luqng su dung vdn ODA giao due Dai hqc x r x r nhien van cdn nhieu yeudiem can cai thien.Tiep tuc tang cudng quan ly duan ODA linh vuc Giao ducDai hoc la can thiet Can cu vao thuc trang tang cudng quan ly duan ODA linh vuc Giao due noi chung va Giao ducDai hqc noi rieng, tac giada cd nhung de xuat vdi Bo Giao due vaDao tao de tiep tuc tang cudng quan ly duan ODA linh vuc Trong x r r \ i Bo can tiep tuc hon thien md hinh va co cau to chuc dong thdi day manh quan ly hon nua d nhung khau quan trong trien khai thuc hien duan Linh vuc quan ly Duan ODA dac biet la ODA giao due la mot linh vuc phuc tap, de tai mdi chi dung lai d viec dua cac bien phap tang cudng quan ly tren hai khia canh md hinh va noi dung quan ly, de cd the nghien cuu toan dien, chuyen sau va cd tinh thuc te nghien cuu thuc su hoan thien va cd gia tri cao thuc tien 94 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • Do Due Binh, Nguyen Thuong Lang, 2010,Giao trinh Kinh te Qudc te, Ha Noi: NXB Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan x x r r x Bo Giao due va Dao tao, 2012, De cuang De an Hoi nhap Qudc te ve giao due, Ha Noi thang nam 2012 Bo Giao due va Dao tao, 2011, Tai lieu hoi thao ve dau tu qudc te vao giao due Viet Nam, Ha Noi, thang nam 2011 Bo Ke hoach Dau tu, 2005, Quy hoach ODA giai doan 2006 - 2010, Ha Noi thang 10 nam 2005 Bo Ke hoach Dau tu, 2011, Bao cao ODA giai doan 2006-2010, Ha Noi thang nam 2011 Du an Giao due Dai hoc 1, Bo Giao due va Dao tao, 2011, Sd tay thuc hien du an, Ha Noi, thang nam 2011 Du an Giao due Dai hoc 2, Bo Giao due va Dao tao, 2011, Sd tay thuc hien du an, Ha Noi, thang nam 2011 Du an Giao due Dai hoc 1, Bo Giao due va Dao tao, 2005, Sd tay thuc hien du an, Ha Noi, thang nam 2005 Du an giao due Dai hoc 2, Bo Giao due va Dao tao, Tai lieu hoi thao ve danh gid va giam sat chuang trinh TRIC, Ha Noi, thang nam 2011 10 Nghi dinh Chinh phu, So 131/2006/ND-CP, Ban hanh Nghi dinh 131/2006/ND-CP, 09 thang 11 nam 2006 ve viec Ban hanh Quy che quan ly va su dung nguon ho trg phat trien chinh thuc (Quy che quan ly va su dung nguon von ho trg phat trien chinh thuc) 11 Quyet dinh 106/QD-TTG , 19 thang 01 nam 2012 ve viec phe duyet de an " Dinh hudng thu hut, quan ly va su dung ngudn vdn ODA va cac khoan vdn vay uu dai khac cua cac nha tai trg toi ky 2011 - 2015" 95 12 Quydt dinh 803/2007/QD-BKH, 30 thang nam 2007ve viec Ban hanh Che bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien cac chuong trinh, du an ODA 13 Quyet dinh 12/2008/QD-BXD, 26 thang 09 nam 2008 ve viec Ban hanh quy che quan ly va su dung nguon ho tro phat trien chinh thuc (ODA) cua Bo Xay dung 14 Quydt dinh 119/2009/QD-TTg, 01 thang 10 nam 2009 ve viec ban hanh Quy che Chuyen gia nude ngoai thuc hien cac chuong trinh, du an ODA 15 Quyet dinh 1248/2007/QD-BKH, 30 thang 10 nam 2007 ve viec ban hanh Khung theo doi va danh gia cac chuong trinh, du an ODA thbi ky 2006 - 2010 16 Quydt dinh 48/2008/QD-TTg, 03 thang 04 nam 2008 ve viec ban hanh hudng dan chung lap bao cad nghien cuu kha thi du an su dung vdn ho tro phat trien chinh thuc cua nhom ngan hang (Ngan hang phat trien Chau A, Co quan phat trien Phap, Ngan hang hop tac quoc te Nhat Ban, Ngan hang tai thiet Due, Ngan hang The gidi) 17 Vu kinh te doi ngoai, Bo ke hoach va Dau tu, Ban tin ODA cac so nam 2005 den 2012 18 Thong tu 04/2007/TT-BKH, 30 thang nam 2007 ve viec Hudng dan thuc hien quy che quan ly va su dung ngudn ho tro phat trien chinh thuc 19 Thong tu 01/2008/TT-BNG, 04 thang nam 2008 ve viec Hudng dan trinh tu, thu tuc ky ket va thuc hien dieu udc quoc te ve ngudn ho tro phat trien chinh thuc 20 Thong tu 03/2007/TT-BKH, 12 thang nam 2007 ve viec Hudng dan ve chuc nang, nhiem vu va co cau to chuc cua Ban quan ly chuong trinh, du an ODA 21 Thong tu 108/2007/TT-BTC, 07 thang nam 2007 ve viec Hudng dan co che quan ly tai chinh ddi vdi cac chuong trinh, du an ho tro phat trien chinh thuc (ODA) 96 22 Thong tu 108/2003/TT-BTC, 07 thang 11 nam 2003 ve viec Hudng dan co che tai chinh ap dung doi vdi cac du an ve sinh moi trudng, su dung ngudn vdn hd tro phat trien chinh thuc (ODA) 23 Thdng tu 123/2007/TT-BTC 23 thang 10 nam 2007 ve viec hudng dan thuc hien chinh sach thue va uu dai thue doi vdi cac chuong trinh, du an su dung ngudn hd tro phat trien chinh thuc (ODA) 24 Thdng tu 40/2011/TT- BTC, 22 thang nam 2011 ve viec Sua ddi, bo sung mot sd diem cua Thdng tu sd 108/2007/TT-BTC 7/9/2007 cua Bo Tai chinh ve hudng dan co che quan ly tai chinh ddi vdi cac chuong trinh, du an hd tro phat trien chinh thuc (ODA) 25 Thdng tu 192/2011/TT- BTC ,ngay 26 thang 12 nam 2011 ve viec Sua doi, bo sung mot sd dieu cua Thdng tu sd 219/2009/TT-BTC ,ngay 19/11/2009 cua Bo Tai chinh quy dinh mot sd dinh muc chi tieu ap dung cho cac du an/chuong trinh su dung ngudn vdn hd tro phat trien chinh thuc (ODA) 26 Thdng tu lien tich 02/2003/TTLT-BKH-BTC, 17 thang nam 2003vd viec Hudng dan lap ke hoach tai chinh ddi vdi cac chuong trinh, du an su dung ngudn vdn hd tro phat trien chinh thuc (ODA) 27 Thdng tu 118/2007/TT-BTC, 02 thang 10 nam 2007 ve viec Hudng dan quan ly, su dung chi phi quan ly du an dau tu cua cac du an su dung vdn ngan sach nha nudc 28 Thdng tu 27/2007/TT-BTC, 03 thang nam 2007 ve viec Hudng dan ve quan ly, toan vdn dau tu va vdn su nghiep co tinh chat dau tu thuoc ngudn vdn ngan sach nha nudc 29 Thdng tu lien tich 12/2010/TTLT-BKHDT-BTC, 28 thang nam 2010 quy dinh chi tiet va hudng dan thuc hien quy che chuyen gia nudc ngoai thuc hien cac chuong trinh, du an ODA ban hanh kern theo quyet dinh sd 119/2009/QD-TTg 1/10/2009 cua thu tuong Chinh phu