Phát triển nền kinh tế tuần hoàn của hà lan và bài học kinh nghiệm cho việt nam

BO• GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO • • TRirdNG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN OAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN H THONG TIN THU VIEN NGUYEN HOANG LONG PHAT TRIEN NEN KINH TE TUAN HO AN CUA HA LAN VA BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM • • CHO VIET NAM Chuyen nganh: Kinh te quoc te LUAN VAN THAC SI KINH TE QUOC TE NGUOI HUONG DAN KHOA HOC: GS.TS DO DUC BtNH DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN TT THONG I IN Till! VIEN PHONG LUAN AN - TO LIEU Ha Noi, nam 202 ■> > r gia da phan tich cu the hai nhom chinh sach ve xay dung khung phap ly va the che, ap dung mo hinh kinh te tuan hoan mot so linh vuc uu tien, cu the nhu linh vuc sinh khoi va thuc pham; nhua, hang tieu dung voi so lieu va thong tin minh hoa cap nhat, phu hop Tren cor so do, tac gia luan van da tong ket cac bai hoc rut va dieu kien ap dung t a - r \ e e Tac gia da phan tich thuc trang va tiem nang phat trien kinh te tuan hoan tai Viet Nam, linh vuc trien vong hop tac giua Viet Nam va Ha Lan va chi cac dieu kien, nhung diem can luu y doi vdi Viet Nam - Tom tat luan van dugc viet kha ro rang, trung thuc vori ban chinh luan van va trinh bay dung theo quy dinh Ve tai lieu tham khao: He thong tai lieu tham khao cho luan van kha phong phu ❖ Ve Phieangphap nghien ciru: Luan van dugc thuc hien vdi phuomg phap nghien cuu truyen thong phu hgp voi doi tugng, pham vi va noi dung nghien cuu cua de tai ❖ Ve hinh th tic trinh bay: Ve co ban, luan van dugc trinh bay vori hinh thuc dung vdi quy dinh cua luan van thac sy Van phong mach lac, de hieu, cac bang va bieu so lieu dugc trinh bay phu hgp de minh hoa cho noi dung viet v Ve ket cau: Luan van dugc ket cau theo chuomg la hgp ly, lam ro nhung noi dung, dat dugc muc dich nghien cuu cua de tai Mot so y kien trao doi gia lira chgn lam luan van A A r - Can khai quat tieu de cho timg bai hgc tong ket tir kinh nghiem cua Ha lan mot each ro rang horn - Nen chuyen tieu mue “2.4.3 Dieu kien dam bao de van dung cac bai hoc ttr Lansang viet cung muc 3.3 de dam bao su thong nhat, tranh trung lap Dong thbi dieu chinh noi dung muc 3.3 cho cu the va phu hop voi tieu de cua muc va sua lai tieu de muc cua Ha Lan” - Chinh sua cac loi danh may, hinh thuc trinh bay danh muc cac chu viet tat theo dung quy dinh Ket luan: Tuy van mot so van de can trao doi neu tren, nhung luan van la cong trinh nghien nghiem tuc cua tac gia Ve co ban, noi dung va hinh thuc cua luan van dap ung yeu cau luan van thac sy chuyen nganh Kinh te quoc te Luan van du dieu kien dua bao ve trudc Hoi dong cham luan van thac sy cap Truong de tac gia duoe nhan hoc vi thac sy Kinh r r r te quoc te Ha Noi, 11/11/2020 TS DO THI HU’O’NG Cau hoi: Tac gia hay cho biet linh vice nao cua Viet Nam kha thi nhat dp dung bai hoc kinh nghiem cua Ha Lan ve phat trien kinh te tuan hoan giai doan den nam 2025? Tai sao? 1-2 dieu kien thietyeu de thuc hien? CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHIA VIET NAM Doc Lap - T it Do - H a n h P h uc •• 1• I BAN NHAN XET LUAN VAN THAC SI • • • o/ ■ Hoc vien: Nguyen Hoang Long Ma hoc vien: CH270480 He tai luan van: Phat trien nen kinh te tuan hoan cua Ha Lan va bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam Chuyen nganh: Kinh te quoc te Ma so: Ngubi hubng dan: GS.TS Do Duc Binh Co sb dao tao: Trubng Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan Ngubi nhan xet: TS Nguyen Van Hoi Chuc danh Hoi dong: Phan bien Co quan cong tac: Vien Nghien cuu Chien luqc, Chinh sach Cong Thuong NOI • DUNG NHAN • XET I piHIn nhan xet Ve tmn ccp thiet, y nnhia khoo hoc va thurc tien cca de tai Kinh te the gibi dang dan dich chuyen tu mo hinh kinh te tuyen tinh y \ r z truyen thong sang mo hinh kinh te tuan hoan Z y Phat trien kinh te tuan hoan la giai phap nang cao nang luc canh tranh, kha nang phuc hoi cua moi nen kinh te, thuc day tang trubng kinh te ma khong ton r hai den moi trubng va xa hoi dai han •> r \ y y Phat trien kinh te tuan hoan gop phan bao ve an ninh nguon cung nguyen lieu, ung vbi bien doi hau, thuc day doi mbi sang tao, nang cao nang luc canh tranh tren nhieu linh vuc Phat trien nen kinh te tuan hoan la yeu cau tat yeu nham khac phuc han z che cua mo hinh tang trubng truyen thong, gan vbi muc tieu phat trien nhanh, r \ t r ben vung, tiet kiem nang luqng va bao ve moi trubng ' y y y z Tuy nhien, phat trien kinh te tuan hoan cung doi hoi nhieu dieu kien khat khe ve the che, nguon luc Do vay, viec nghien cuu kinh nghiem cua cac nubc di trubc nhu Ha Lan, chi nhung khO khan, thuan lpi, tu dO va bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam mang nhieu y nghia khoa hoc va thuc tien Ve tin cay va phu hop cua de tai y y r e y - De tai luan van “Phat trien nen kinh te tuan hoan cua Ha Lan va bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam” khong trung lap voi cac cong trinh nghien curu khoa r hoc va ngoai nuoc ma toi duoe biet - Ten de tai “Phat trien nen kinh te tuan hoan cua Ha Lan va bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam” phu hop voi noi dung dupe trinh bay luan van; ten de tai luan van va noi dung luan van phu hop voi chuyen nganh dao tao y r - Muc tieu, nhiem vu, doi tupng va pham vi nghien euu cua de tai da dupe xac dinh phu hop, tap trung nghien euu, phan tich chinh sach kinh te tuan hoan cua Ha Lan de rut bai hoc cho Viet Nam r ■> y - De tai luan van su dung cac phuong phap nghien euu nhu phan tich tong ket kinh nghiem; phan tich va tong hop ly thuyet; thong ke, so sanh, doi chieu la dang tin cay, co su van dung phoi hop mot each hieu qua cac phuong phap de dat dupe nhung muc tieu da dat r r r * r Uu diem va nhiroc diem ve noi dung, ket cau va hinh thuc cua luan van 3.1 Vu diem y W y y r - De tai da cong viec tong quan co so ly luan ve kinh te tuan hoan, phan tich mot so ly thuyet ve kinh te tuan hoan, co so hinh nen kinh r z r y y y b y r te tuan hoan r y ' e y - De tai da xac dinh cac nguyen tac va md hinh co ban cua nen kinh te tuan hoan; cung nhu cac dieu kien can thiet va tieu chi danh gia cua nen kmh te tuan hoan y ' - De tai da cong viec phan tich thuc trang phat trien kinh te y y tuan hoan cua Ha Lan Trong chi ro nguyen nhan chuyen doi sang nen kinh te tuan hoan tai Ha Lan; danh gia muc tieu va chien lupc phat trien kinh te tuan hoan cua Ha Lan y 777 r y r z y - Cac bien phap thuc day chuyen doi sang md hinh kinh te tuan hoan cua Ha Lan da dupe tong hop, phan tich, bao gom xay dung co so phap ly va the che nen kinh te tuan hoan; ap dung md hinh kinh te tuan hoan vao mot so lmh vuc uu tien nhu sinh khoi va thuc pham, nhua, hang tieu dung y r r y y x / r # - De tai da cong viec tong ket cac bai hoc rut qua nghien euu cac chinh sach phat trien nen kinh te cua tuan hoan cua Ha Lan y r y 74 Vu dai thi trirang: Ben canh phap luat, cac chinh sach uu dai nham thuc day dau tu, san xuat va phat trien theo dinh hudng kinh te tuan hoan cung la mot nhung yeu to can duoc thuc hien trong, san xuat, kinh doanh cho tdi tieu dung deu phai co nhan thuc va kien thuc co ban nhat ve KTTH Chinh phu, nhung ngudi dung dau tirng mang chudi san xuat cung ung can phai lien tuc cap nhat thong tin, kien thuc mdi va khdng ngirng sang tao de dua cac giai phap tuan hoan mdi cho san pham ma minh dang true tiep san xuat hoac kinh doanh, tieu dung Hap tac quoc te: Neu chi pham vi mot quoc gia, viec thuc hien kinh te tuan hoan se gap nhieu kho khan bdi dua thira hoac thieu hut cac nguon nguyen lieu Viec hop tac quoc te se tao chudi kinh te tuan hoan luan phien, khai thac va tan dung tdi da nguon luc cua nhau, hudng tdi su phat trien ben vung qua trinh san xuat tieu dung Ngoai ra, Ha Lan da chung minh duoc rang, muon thirc hien duoc nen KTTH, ddi hoi phai cd su phoi hop chat che giira Chinh phu, doanh nghiep, ngudi tieu dung, vien nghien cuu thay vi chi mot chu the don lap Trong do, Chinh phu cd vai trd dac biet quan trong viec tao mot hanh lang phap ly du manh de dan dat nen kinh te dinh hudng tuan hoan, du linh hoat de cac chu the phoi hop chat che tirng budc di Vdi lo trinh va ke hoach rd rang tirng giai doan, thdi qua trinh chuyen ddi va lien ket cac nganh va linh vuc hang dau cua mot quoc gia Mdi giai doan lai doi hoi nhieu cong doan va nhieu cac chi phi nguon luc, chung ta muon hoc hoi thi dupe thi cung can tu tao cho minh mot lo trinh phu 75 hop va kien nhan, nghiem tuc thuc hien, lien tuc dac hieu qua va toi uu Id trinh De thuc hien duoc dieu nay, buoc phai co bo cong cu giam sat tuong doi thuc te va hoan chinh bat dau thuc hien lo trinh KTTH Bo cong cu cung doi hoi su phoi hop chat che tu Chinh phu, doanh nghiep den cac vien nghien cuu thi sd lieu va tinh cap nhat mdi chinh xac, dem lai hieu qua cao 3.3.3 Mot so diem can chuy chuyen doi sang nto hinh KTTH Nha nude dong vai trd kien tao, dan dat, doanh nghiep phai dong vai tro chu dao lam dong luc chinh thuc day su chuyen ddi De phat huy duoc hieu qua cac chinh sach nen kinh te tuan hoan, nha nudc phai dong vai trd kien tao va doanh nghiep la dong luc trung tarn Vai trd kien tao cua Nha nudc the hien viec tao mot mdi trudng de kinh te tuan hoan phat trien, cac Bo nganh can phai cd su phoi hop ngang vdi nhau, tao dieu kien hd tro ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep qua tinh chuyen ddi Ha Lan, doanh nghiep la dong lire chinh va chinh phu d de chi dao va hd tro qua trinh chuyen ddi tu nen kinh te tuyen tinh sang kinh te tuan hoan, day la bai hoc dat gia ma chung ta can hoc hoi Cu the vdi thirc trang hien nay, viec chuyen ddi sang nen kinh te tuan hoan cua Viet Nam doi hoi mot loat cac thay ddi ve quy dinh tren nhieu linh vuc khac nhu mdi truong, lao dong, xa hoi, nong nghiep, lam nghiep, nang luong Dieu quan nhat la Chinh Phu phai cd hop tac, trao ddi vdi cac chu the khac nhu doanh nghiep, ngudi tieu dung de cd the xay dung mot hanh lang phap ly thuc te, phu hop va dap ung duoc nhu cau cua cac doanh nghiep va thirc trang nen kinh te Nhung luat va chinh sach mdi can nhan duoc sir ung ho va phoi hop thuc hien mot each chu dong tir tat ca cac chu the lien quan Ben canh do, Chinh phu cung can tang cudng doi thoai, trao doi cac doan chuyen gia de hoc hoi kinh nghiem tir cac nudc cd nen KTTH dang duoc danh gia cao nhu Ha Lan de tiep tuc thuc hien cac hoat dong cd tinh hieu qua cao, tranh cac hoat dong khdng hieu qua Nha nudc cdn hd tro’ doanh nghiep qua trinh chuyen ddi Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam hien dang phai ddi mat vdi nhung thach thuc nhat dinh bao gom: cong nghe (mot sd ddi mdi doi hoi mot trinh cong nghe nhat dinh), hieu 76 quy trinh san xuat co the mang lai lgi ich kinh te to ldn cho doanh nghiep va dong thdi mang lai lgi ich mdi trudng cho tat ca moi ngudi) va cac rao can ddi vdi khach hang) Cong dong doanh nghiep rat can nhung su ho trg tu Chinh phu de co the dau tu nhieu hon vao nghien cuu va phat trien de xac dinh cac co hoi ap dung nen kinh te tuan hoan va thu dugc lgi ich Tai Ha Lan, Rat nhieu doanh nghiep phai chuyen ddi mang lai rui ro va chi phi dau tu tra trudc cao Tuy nhien ho nhan dugc rat nhieu su trg giup tir Chinh phu vat lieu dong vai trd quan trong KTTH Nen KTTH khdng chi la luu thong vat chat ma la giam thieu viec su dung cac vat lieu khdng the tai che, chang han nhu nhua sir dung mot lan, nhua sieu nho, va mot sd hoa chat doc hai, Co nhom giai phap chinh de thuc day viec nay, la: phan loai rac tai nguon, md rong trach nghiem cua nha san xuat (EPR) va thuc day cac thi trudng mdi phat trien (gom thi trudng thu hoi va tai che nhua, giay, kim loai va thi trudng cung cap cac san pham tai che) Ddi vdi viec phat trien cac thi trudng, vai trd cua chi tieu cong xanh (Green Public Procurement) thudng cd tac dong rat ldn, tham chi tieu dung cua chinh phu nhieu trudng hgp co the dinh hudng san xuat va tieu dung cua thi truong Cac co quan nha nudc, doanh nghiep va cac td chuc lien quan phai co tieng noi chung viec thay ddi thdi quen, hanh vi, thai cua ngudi tieu dung ve viec phan loai rac de tao thuan lgi cho hoat dong thu gom cua ngudi tai che Thuc day phat trien cong cu giam sat, kiem soat muc tieu thu va dong chay nguyen lieu Diem yeu cua Viet Nam la viec phoi hgp giua cac co quan, bo nganh va viec thuc thi cac chinh sach, ke hoach de rat kern Dieu the hien nhieu linh vuc chu khdng chi rieng mot linh vuc nao Chinh vi the chung ta can hoc hoi kinh nghiem tir Ha Lan, xay dung mot bo cong cu giam sat va kiem soat chat che, hieu qua Day la cac du lieu quan de phuc vu cho viec quan ly 77 dien thoai cho phep ngudi dung tich diem thuc hien thu gom cac chat thai tai che Sau do, ho co the su dung cac diem de mua hang tai nhieu sieu thi va cua hang thay cho tien mat Dieu khdng chi khuyen khich ngudi dan tham gia thu gom va tai che, ma giup nang cao nhan thuc cua ngudi dan 78 KET LUAN • Viec chuyen ddi sang nen kinh te tuan hoan, nguyen vat lieu duoc str dung hieu qua hon va chat thai khong duoc tao se dem lai rat nhieu loi ich ve kinh te, xa hoi va mdi trudng sinh thai Cac nen kinh te tren the gidi phan ldn hien hoat dong theo nen kinh te tuyen tinh va tao nhieu chat thai va str dung nang luong lang phi san xuat san pham va dich vu Nen kinh te tuan hoan tap trung vao viec tai str dung nguyen lieu va tao cac san pham gia tri gia tang thdng qua cac dich vu va giai phap thdng minh se md nhieu ca hoi kinh doanh mdi cho cac doanh nghiep tham gia vao qua trinh Kinh te tuan hoan dang trd mot xu hudng dien tai nhieu quoc gia tren the gidi Chien luge phat trien nen kinh te tuan hoan cua Ha Lan thu hut nhieu su quan tarn d cap quoc te Ha Lan cd nhieu dieu kien can thiet de trd mot quoc gia hang dau ve phat trien kinh te tuan hoan va thuc day cac quoc gia khac chuyen ddi Tir kinh nghiem quan ly va dieu hanh cua Ha Lan thdng qua cong cu quan ly va linh vuc uu tien, dong thdi dua tren nen tang quan he tot dep va nhung linh vuc hop tac chien luge ve nong nghiep va bien ddi hau da cd giua hai nudc, Viet Nam cd the hoc hoi cung nhu ap dung rat nhieu nhung sang kien, chinh sach quan ly, kinh nghiem cua Ha Lan vao thuc tien quy md nen kinh te ma Viet Nam dang ddi mat vdi rat nhieu kho khan, thach thuc tir mdi trudng va dan sd Viet Nam cd tiem nang to ldn va nhung lgi ich ro rang chuyen doi sang kinh te tuan hoan Neu thuc hien chuyen ddi sang kinh te tuan hoan chung ta phai cd nhung thay doi each thuc van hanh nen kinh te khdng chi la quan ly va tan dung vat lieu, ma phai thay ddi cac khau: san xuat, tieu dung, quan ly chat thai va bien chat thai trd lai tai nguyen Dac biet, kinh te tuan hoan khdng phai la mot md hinh dong nhat cho ca nen kinh te, ma cd nhieu md hinh kinh te tuan hoan khac nen kinh te, dugc xay dung dua tren triet ly cua tai tao va khoi phuc Viet Nam can cac chinh sach, lo trinh dung dan, su hgp tac chat che giua khu vuc cong va tu de hudng tdi mot nen kinh te tuan hoan, y chi quyet tarn tu he thdng chinh tri, su chu dong va trach nhiem doanh nghiep va su hgp tac cua ngudi dan 79 PHU LU C • • Bieu 1: Kinh te tuyen tinh so sanh voi kinh te tuan hoan Kinh te tuyen tinh Kinh te tuan hoan Bieu 2: Nguyen ly hoat dong cua nen kinh te tuan hoan 80 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Abnamro (2016), Moving to a circular economy - what we are going to do, 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