Hiệu quả sử dụng vốn oda của adb trong xây dựng đường cao tốc tại việt nam

10239 LV.ThS DHKTQD TRVONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN DAI HOC K.T.O.D TT THONG TIN THU'VIEN PHONG LLAN AN-TlLi'EL - — -J NGUYEN THI• VIET HA • HIEU QUA SU DUNG VON ODA CUA ADB TRONG XAY DUNG DUONG CAO TOC TAI VIET NAM • • • Chuyen nganh: Kinh te doi ngoai LUAN VAN THAC SI KINH TE NGUO’I HUONG DAN KHOA HOC: PGS TS NGO THI TUYET MAI THS 40 ^9 HA NOI-2014 LOI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan day la cdng trinh nghien ctru cua rieng toi Cac so lieu, ket qua luan van la trung thirc va co nguon goc ro rang Ha Noi, 02 thang 12 nam 2014 TAC GIA LUAN VAN Nguyen Thi Viet Ha YEU CAU CUA HOI DONG CHAM LUAN VAN THAC SI VE • • • 7 Nhung diem can sua chtra bo sung truoc nop luan van chinh thuc cho Vien dao tao Sau dai hoc n' Chu tich Hoi dong (Ky va ghi rd ho ten) Cam ket cua Hoc vien7 Toi cam doan se chinh sua cac noi dung tren Hoi dong yeu cau Hoc vien GS.TS Hoang Dire Than (Ky ten) Nguyen Thi Viet Ila Trong truong hop khong chinh sua se khong dugc cong nhan ket qua bao ve Hoc vien phai dong ban yeu cau chinh sira vao trirdc phan inuc luc luan vSn chinh thuc nop cho Vien DT SDH Ha Noi, 25 thang 11 nam 2014 NHAN XET LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH T E Hoc vien cao hoc: Nguyen Thi Viet Ha De tai: Hieu qua str dung von ODA xay dung duong cao toe tai Viet Nam Chuyen nganh: Kinh te doi ngoai Nguai huong dan khoa hoc: PGS TS Ngo Thi Tuyet Mai Nguai nhan xet phan bien: PGS TS Nguyen Nhu Binh, Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan Tinh cap thiet, thoi str, y nghia khoa hoc va thirc tien cua luan van Nguon von ho tro phat trien chinh thuc la mot nguon von da va dang dong gop quan vao phat trien kinh te - xa hoi a niroc ta Dau tir xay dung dirong cao toe la mot dinh huong dau tir chien luac cua Dang va Nha nude ta Trong so cac nguon von huy dong cho xay dung dirong cao toe, cac nguon ODA, co ODA cua Ngan hang phat trien chau A, co vai tro cue ky quan Tuy nhien viec sir dung co hieu qua nguon von luon la van de mang tinh thoi sir Tren giac do co the khang dinh de tai luan van cua tac gia co y nghia khoa hoc va thirc tien cao .2 Nha di vao nghien ciru khia canh cu the ve hieu qua sir dung von ODA xay dung dirong cao toe tai Viet Nam, luan van da co nhirng diem mod nhat dinh, khong trung lap vdi cac cong trinh da cong bo tnrac day Noi dung cua de tai phu hop vdi ten de tai, vdi chuyen nganh dao tao va ma so chuyen nganh Tac gia da su dung cac phirong phap nghien ciru truyen thong nhir phan tich mo ta, tong hap, so sanh Cac phirong phap nghien ciru duqc su dung do tin cay va phu hap vai viec giai quyet nhiem vu nghien cuu duac dat Noi dung va ket qua nghien cuu da dat duac - Da trinh bay va he thong hoa duac nhung van de ly thuyet co ban ve hieu qua su dung von ODA xay dung dudng cao toe tai Viet Nam Trong phan nay, tac gia da lam ro duac khai niem, muc tieu va dac diem cua von ODA cua ADB; Dieu kien va nguyen tac su dung von ODA cua ADB; Qui dinh ve giai ngan von ODA cua ADB; va Cac tieu chi danh gia hieu qua su dung von ODA xay dung duong cao toe tai Viet Nam Nhung noi dung ly thuyet da tao lap •co so phuong phap luan cho toan bo luan van - Trinh bay khai quat he thong cac van ban phap qui ve quan ly va su dung von ODA Tac gia da di sau trinh bay nhung qui dinh phap ly lien quan den nha tai tro ADB - Trinh bay va phan tich tong quan tinh hinh thu hut va su dung von ODA cua ADB giao thong duong bo Viet Nam tu nam 1993 den - Phan tich hieu qua su dung von ODA xay dung duong cao toe tai Viet Nam Tac gia da di sau phan tich hai du an: Du an GMS Duong cao toe Phnom Phenh - TP Ho Chi Minh; va Du an GMS Hanh lang Dong Tay Day la phan tarn cua luan van Tac gia da di sau phan tich toan dien ve du an va cac chi tieu danh gia hieu qua du an voi cac so lieu va so tinh toan cu the Tac gia da cong danh gia hieu qua su dung von ODA xay dung duong cao toe cua hai du an - Dua tren nhung phan tich o tren, tac gia da danh gia chung ve hieu qua su dung von *ODA xay dung duong cao toe tai Viet Nam Tac gia da chi nhung ket qua dat duoc, nhung ton tai va nguyen nhan - Tren co so chien luoc phat trien nganh giao thong van tai den nam 2020, khung chien luoc cua ADB doi voi nganh giao thong van tai Viet Nam, tac gia da de xuat he thong cac giai phap nham nang cao hieu qua su dung von ODA xay dung duong cao toe tai Viet Nam Tong cong tac gia de xuat nam nhom giai phap Nhin chung cac giai phap duoc luan giai mot each thuyet phuc va chi tiet, cu the Mot so giai phap co gia tri ung dung va tham khao - So lieu duoc su dung luan van co nguon goc ro rang Ve ket cau cua luan van Luan van duoc bo cue theo ba chuong truyen thong, noi dung cua cac chuong va cac muc nhin chung gan ket voi de tai *7 Nhung thieu sot va nhung diem can bo sung sua chua - Nen di sau danh gia thuc trang hieu qua su dung von ODA xay dung duong cao toe tai Viet Nam theo mot so tieu chi quan nua nhu thbi gian, tien thuc hien du an, tinh trang that thoat von v.v nz - Khi phan tich hieu qua su dung von cua hai du an, nen tien hanh so sanh de lam ro nhung diem dac thu hieu qua su dung von ODA xay dung hai duong cao toe Gia tri thuc tien cua ket qua nghien cuu Luan van co the la tai lieu tham khao phuc vu cho quan ly va nang cao hieu qua su ‘dung von ODA xay dung dudng cao toe tai Viet Nam, cho viec giang day, hoc tap d cac trudng dai hoc chuyen nganh quan tri kirji doanh va kinh te cua Viet Nam Danh gia chung De thuc hien de tai tac gia da co nhung nd luc va nhung cong rat dang ghi nhan Toi de nghi Trudng dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan va Vien Sau dai hoc cua Trudng cho phep hoc vien Nguyen Thi Viet Ha dune bao ve luan van trudc Hoi dong cham luan van thac si de nhan hoc vi thac si Ngudi nhan xet PGS TS Nguyen Nhu Binh CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHIA VIET NAM • • • Doc lap - Tir - Hanh phuc Fla Noi, 28 thdng 11 nam 2014 NHAN XET LU AN VAN THAC SY • • X • r F De tai: Hieu qua su dung von ODA cua ADB xay dung during cao toe tai Viet Nam Chuyen nganh: Kinh te doi ngoai Ma so: Hoc vien: Nguyen Thi Viet Ha Ngubi hudng dan khoa hoc: PGS TS Ngo Thi Tuyet Mai Ngubi nhan xet: TS Nguyen Bich Lam Noi cong tac: Tong cue Thong ke Chuc vu Hoi dong; Phan bien Sau doc Luan van cua hoc vien Nguyen Thi Viet Ha toi co nhan xet nhu sau: Tinh cap thiet cua de tai Hien phap nude Cong hoa xa hoi chu nghTa Viet Nam da neu: “Nha nude A thuc hien muc tieu dan giau, nude mcinh, dan chu, cong bang van minh, moi ngudi r r r y cd cuoc song dm no, tu do, hanh phuc" va thuc te nhieu nam qua, Chinh phu da ban hanh nhieu Chien lupc, chinh sach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi de thuc hien muc tieu cao ca neu Hien phap Mot nhung chien luoc la thuc hien ba dot pha: Dot pha ve cai each the che; Dot pha ve co sb tang va Dot pha ve phat trien nhan lire Trong Dot pha ve co so tang, viec xay dung he thong giao thong noi chung va xay dung he thong dirbng cao toe noi rieng co mot y nghTa va tarn quan dac biet thuc hien Chien luoc phat trien kinh te-xa hoi va bao r ve to qubc Thuc hien ba khau dot pha, nhung nam gan day Chinh phu da danh nguon lire dang ke dau tu vao he thong duong cao toe cua nude ta - He thong dubng van minh, hien dai, rut ngan thbi gian di lai, thu hep khoang each dia ly giua cac vung, mien va quan hon la dieu kien quan de keu goi va thu hut dau tu Tuy vay nguon von dau tu nude han che, Chinh phu da phai tranh thu van dong tat ca cac nguon von de dap ung nhu cau dau tu phat trien dat nude Mot nhung nguon von duoc Chinh phu uu tien huy dong, dau tu xay dung dudng cao toe la von ODA vay tu cac Chinh phu nude ngoai va cac To r r chuc tai chinh quoc te r r z Trong boi canh kinh te tang trudng cham lai, chat luong tang trudng khong cao, hieu qua su dung von dau tu thap, viec nghien cuu de cac giai phap de nang cao hieu qua su dung von dau tu phat trien kinh te noi chung va hieu qua su dung von ODA cua ADB xay dung dudng cao toe noi rieng cd tinh thdi su va dap ung yeu cau cap thiet cua cac nha quan ly va dong dao ngudi dan xa hoi z Nhung ket qua dat duoc cua luan van Luan van cd quy mo khoang 100 trang, bao gom ca phu luc, ngoai phan md dau va ket luan duoc chia chuong: Chuong 1: Tac gia trinh bay co sd ly luan va hieu qua su dung von ODA cua ADB - noi dung cua Chuong phu hop va rat can thiet de cac nha quan ly va xay dung chinh sach dau tu hieu duoc cac van de ve khai niem, muc tieu, dac diem Z A Z Z Z cua von ODA; hieu duoc cac dieu kien, nguyen tac su dung von ODA; nam duoc > AZ AZ cac quy dinh ve giai ngan nguon von dac thu nay; dong thdi nam duoc cac tieu chi danh gia hieu qua su dung von ODA cua ADB xay dung dudng giao thong d Viet Nam Noi dung cua chuong I nham trang bi cac kien thuc co ban cho nhung quan tarn, cd nhu cau tim hieu ve viec tiep can va su dung nguon von ODA, vi vay noi dung cua chuong la can thiet cho cac chuong tiep theo va phu hop vdi doi tuqng va pham vi nghien cuu cua de tai Chiro’ng 2: Tac gia phan anh thuc trang su dung von ODA cua ADB xay dung dudng cao toe tai Viet Nam Trong chuong nay, tac gia da trinh bay he thong van ban phap quy ve quan ly va su dung nguon von ODA - day la nhung quy dinh thuc te phai ap dung qua trinh su dung nguon von ODA cho dau tu Trong phan toi danh gia cao nghien cuu so sanh Nghi dinh so 131/2006/ND- CP 09/11/2006 vdi Nghi dinh sd 38/2013/ND-CP 23/4/2013 de thAy duoc su khac biet ve pham vi dieu chinh; cac nguyen tac co ban quan ly va su dung von ODA; su mo rong cac linh vuc uu tien su dung va phan cap phe yr duyet Danh muc yeu cau tai tro von Muc cua chuong tac gia da danh gia tinh hinh thu hut va su dung von ODA cua ADB giao thong duong bo o nuoc ta tn nam 1993 den Trong r r y r muc tac gia da khac Ooa buc tranh rat ro net ve he thong duong giao thong duong bo cua Viet Nam, ve hieu qua su dung he thong duong bo van chuyen A > hang hoa va hanh khach; ve phuong tien van chuyen bang duong bo Qua buc r r r r tranh cho thay he thong duong bo, duong quoc lo va duong cao toc chi e z z r > chiem 7,26% tong so chieu dai duong bo cua nuoc ta; buc tranh cung khac hoa ket qua hoat dong cua van tai duong bo toan bo hoat dong van tai cua nuoc ta Dac biet toi danh gia cao Muc cua chuong phan tich ve hieu qua su dung von ODA cua ADB xay dung duong cao toc cua Viet Nam, doc muc cho thay tat ca nhung mat duoc va ton tai cua hoat dong dau tu noi chung va dau tu vao duong cao toc noi rieng Toi an tuong voi so lieu ve ty le noi hoan kinh te va ty le phan bo va su dung nguon von cua hai du an dau tu duong cao toc - Doc so lieu lien quan toi hai ty le da phan anh dac trung thuong co cua cong tac dau tu va su dung von dau tu o Viet Nam Chuong thuc su co y nghia, cung cap chung cu thuc tien de tac gia de cap toi chien luoc va de xuat cac gia phap nang cao hieu qua su dung von ODA dau tu xay dung duong cao toc o nuoc ta - Noi dung cua chuong Chuong 3, tren co so ket qua nghien cuu o chuong 2, tac gia da de cap toi Chien luoc phat-trien va giai phap nang cao hieu qua su dung von ODA cua ADB xay dung duong cao toc tai Viet Nam Trong chuong toi co ban dong \ r r tinh voi tac gia ve giai phap, dong thoi bo sung them giai phap va sap xep lai thu tu cac giai phap nhu duoi day nham nang cao hieu qua su dung von ODA cua ADB: (1) Hoan thien hann ann ppap yl am co so cho viec sir dunn von ADB; (2) Hoan thien c o cCC ch iiOi sach quaa iy va s u dvag von ADB, dac biet la chinh spcO tai chinh; • (3) Hioa three tunn khou t ronn qua t rinn xay dirnn, thoc hiee va daan gia du an; (4) rranncuunnnann true qqun yvv su dimn vvo ADB; xvii PHV LVC CON DUONG I'D' AN 12°3ON Ian An Myllto* al UaHong Boj-rUrm I m wAkne I jrwiawo XVI11 PHV LVC KHUNG THIET KE VA GIAM SAT CUA DU’ AN t™ a, u Tac dong Mot he thong giao thong khu vuc va giao thong quoc gia hieu qua hon, dun gian hoa cac thu tuc hai quan nham thuc day thuong mai khu vuc va hop tac giua Campuchia voi mien nam Viet Nam Ket qua Hieu qua va an toan giao thong duong bo dupe w tlbu/chl h., • Gia tang cac dong di chuyen qua bien gioi Campuchia - Viet Nam (tang so luong ngubi, khoi luong va gia tri hang hoa, so luong va so loai phuong tien giao thong) • Giam thoi gian va chi phi cua moi lan di chuyen Thanh tu u dat duoc Hop phan Campuchia Hop phan Viet Nam So luong ngubi di chuyen qua bien gidi da tang sau du an hoan Tai Viet Nam, tong kirn ngach thuong mai qua cua khau Moc Bai da tang tu 7,3 trieu USD nam 1997 len den 42,8 trieu USD nam 2006, toc tang trudng khoang 21,7%/nam Quy mb thuong mai cung tang len tu 14,6 trieu tan nam 1997 den 39,6 trieu tan nam 2005 Tuy nhien thuc hien cac han che theo thoa thuan song phuong, luong phuong tien qua bien gidi moi bi gidi han la 40 (tinh ca xe buyt) Tong khoi luong cua hau het cac chuyen hang van thap Thoi gian di chuyen giua Bavet - Moc Bai da dupe cai thien chut it giam thu tuc va thoi gian xep hang Tuy nhien, thoi gian cac xe tai phai cho va thoi gian chuyen tai nhin chung van khong dupe cai thien Giao thong da khong gia tang nhu du kien tai phia ben bien gidi, va hanh lang van khong hoan toan tro mot hanh lang kinh te Dieu khong co gi ngac nhien bdi de chuyen tu mot hanh lang giao thong va logistics sang mot hanh lang kinh te hieu qua can phai co thoi gian Hon nua, CBTA chua dupe thuc hien, dan den hanh lang Phnom Penh - TP HCM khong the thuc hien day du chuc nang cay cau qua song Me Kong doan tu Phnom Penh den Neak Loeung van dang xay dung Tham chi sau thuc hien CBTA day du, viec chuyen hudng cua giao thong hang hoa, vi du nhu thuong mai, van se phu thuoc vao chi phi duong bo rong ma hien tai dang cao hon chi phi van chuyen qua song • Tang luu luong giao thong va Dieu kien duong sa dupe cai thien Dieu kien duong sa dupe cai thien thay doi cac loai hinh phuong chi so trung binh cua go ghe quoc te IRI giam tu 2,1-4,3m/km ban dau tien giao thong (IRI) giam tu 7m/km tham dinh ban xuong khoang 2m/km ket thuc • Cac loi ich doi vdi phuong tien dau xuong 2m/km sau ket thuc du an cai thien hanh lang duong quoc te Phnom Penh - TP HCM giao thdng su dung dudng bo giua Campuchia va Viet Nam dieu kien chi phi van hanh xe co giam va toc di chuyen tang • Cac loi ich cong dong tu viec an toan giao thdng duoc tang cudng du an Thdi gian di chuyen tu Phnom Penh den Bavet da giam tu 7h xuong 3h sau hoan dudng Toc di chuyen trung binh tang tu khoang 23km/h len den 53km/h Thdi gian di chuyen trung binh tren quoc lo 11 da giam dang ke (3-6h sau du an ket thuc so vdi 4-1 Oh trudc cd du an) Toc di chuyen trung binh cung tang len, dat den 50-70km/h so vdi toc 25-35km/h trudc day Udc tinh chi phi van hanh xe co da giam khoang 10% Cd nhieu gia dinh da cho rang di chuyen tren dudng de dang va an toan hon, mac du cd nhieu vu tai nan xay hon Thdi gian di chuyen tu Moe Bai den TP HCM giam tu 4h xuong 2h sau du an hoan Toc di chuyen trung binh tang tu 20km/h len 40km/h Giao thdng noi dia tai hop phan Viet Nam da tang len kha nhanh Giao thdng da tang trudng d ca khu vuc nong thon va thi Luu luong giao thdng tai ngoai o TP HCM nam 1996 la kha cao va dang tiep tuc bi chi phoi boi loai hinh xe may va xe tai Mac du vay, viec thay doi phan phoi xe co da dan den ket qua la sd luong o to tang cao gap lan va xe buyt tang gap lan Tai huyen Trang Bang (Tay Ninh), luu luong xe binh quan nam (AADT) da tang tu khoang 20.000 xe/ngay nam 1996 len khoang 41.000 xe/ngay nam 2008 Cac xe gan may tiep tuc chi phoi giao thdng khu vuc tang ty tu 83-85% AADT len khoang 88% ket thuc du an Trong tai khu vuc cua khau Moe Bai, cac phuong tien giao thdng tho so chi chiem rat nho 360 xe/ngay hoac khoang 6% tong luu luong giao thdng Giam thieu cac • Tao dieu kien cho cac Nghi Viet Nam da ky CBTA vao thang 11/1999 va Campuchia ky vao thang 11/2001 rao can phi vat chat doi vdi di chuyen ngudi va hang hoa qua bien gidi Campuchia Viet Nam doc theo dudng du an dinh thu va quy dinh duoc dam phan, ky ket va di vao hoat dong • Thoa thuan song phuong de dieu chinh va don gian hoa cac dong di chuyen qua bien gidi Dau • Xay dung lai 105km quoc lo tu Neak Loeung den bien gidi giap Viet Nam tai Bavet • Hoan mot so cong viec cai thien doi vdi 60km dudng quoc lo tu Phnom Penh den ben pha song Me Kong • Hoan xay dung lai 22km dudng quoc lo 1A giua Thu Due va An Suong • Hoan xay dung lai 58km dudng quoc lo 22 tu An Suong den bien gidi giap Campuchia tai Moe Bai • Hoan viec xay dung lai Xay dung cau mdi va khdi phuc lai Cac cong trinh dan dung bao gom viec va thay the hoac sua chua cac cau san co xay dung cay cau mdi va khdi phuc cay cau lai cay cau Cai thien 245km dudng cao toc san co giua Phnom Penh d Campuchia va TP HCM (Thu Due) d Viet Nam Xay dung lai hoac khdi phuc cac cay cau xuong cap 16 20 phu luc va Nghi dinh thu da dupc ky ket; van ban lai dupc ky vao thang 3/2007 Tai Dien dan giao thdng GMS lan thu dupc to chuc tai Phnom Penh vao thang 8/2004, cac nudc GMS da nhat tri thdng qua cac phu luc va Nghi dinh thu bang each thuc hien CBTA budc dau tren co sd thi diem tai mot sd cua khau quan trong, ma mot sd la cua khau Moe Bai nam pham vi cua du an Viec thuc hien mot thoa thuan song phuong thi diem ve giao thdng dudng bo giua Campuchia va Viet Nam da dupc md rong tai Bavet - Moe Bai vao 30/9/2006 Vdi thoa thuan song phuong nay, lupng xe co di chuyen van bi han che d muc tdi da la 40 xe/ngay (tinh ca xe buyt) Lupng xe co dupc du kien la se tang len den 500 xe/ngay sau thuc hien CBTA Xay dung cu sd tang xuat nhap canh va hai quan tai ca hai phia bien gidi Campuchia va Viet Nam Cung cap cac dich vu tu van cho giam sat xay dung • Hoan cac dudng cong vu (dudng phuc vu thi cong tai cac cong trudng, thuong se pha bo sau thi cong, mot so trudng hop dupe giu lai va nang cap cho cac giai doan sau), khu vuc xe, khu vuc an ninh, van phong va cac khu dan cu Hoan xay dung co sd tang tai Co sd tang dupe hoan vao bien gidi vao thang 3/2005 su cham thang 4/2003 tre thiet ke va dau thau cac hop dong rieng le Md cua bien gidi cho giao thdng vao 15/12/2005 Cac dich vu tu van giam sat da dupe thuc hien theo ke hoach Cac chuyen gia tu van da dao tao nhan vien PMU thdng qua cac cuoc hoi thao va thuyet trinh chinh thuc Cac dich vu tu van giam sat da dupe thuc hien theo ke hoach, ngoai tru viec md rong pham vi du an thay doi thiet ke va cd them cac hang muc bo sung CBTA = Hiep dinh van tai qua bien giai, IRI = chi so g6 ghe quoc te, TP HCM = Ho Chi Minh, h = gia, AADT = liru lirpng xe binh quan nam Nguon: Tong hop tic ADB xxii PHV LVC 10 CON DtfdNG DV AN Ha Tinh Lampang 18°00-N - - 18°00-N Dong Hoi Nakhon Phanom MVKyaikto Bago VVIET NAM Sakhon Nakhon \ ) / Sukhothai n \ \ / Thafon^ ,-Ypngon / Phiteanutok “ \ \ J 'Dansavanh < X / Dong Ha Mukdaha L Kuchnarai / Gui/ oj Manaban -16°WN \Jffl Kyaikkarm0 Mudon i i \ Thanbyuzayat’ / iJ THAILAND \ V M-*Trakham0 \ ■■Hi Roi Et \ Chaiyaphumo \ / Khemmarat Yasothon th J x LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC QaNang W V 16°0aN Hoi An \ Andaman Sea ChamjJasak * o o National Capital City/Town Border Crossing Point ADB-fnanced Project Road Government of Japan-financed Project Road National Road Provincial Road East-West Economic Corndor River International Boundary 108°3(TE PHU LUC 11 KHUNG THIET KE VA GIAM SAT CUA DU AN TomtitthM Cac muc tieu/chi so hoat dong Thanh tyu dat diroc Hop phAn Lao Hyp ph^n Viet Nam • Tang trudng kinh te tieu vung • Kim ngach thucxng mai trung binh qua cua khdu Lao Bao tang tu 92,6 trieu Tang cuong hop tac va phat trien xa hoi USD giai doan 1998-2000 (truoc Du an 2) len den 99,7 trieu giai doan 2004kinh te va thuang mai • Xda doi giam ngheo 2007 (sau Du an 2) giua Lao, Thai Lan • Cai thien kha nang tiep can thi truong va cho phep ngubi tieu dung co nhieu va Viet Nam su lua chon hon vdi muc gia re, hang hoa san co va rat da dang • Cai thien kha nang tiep can cac dich vu xa hoi co ban • Luong khach du lich ehiem phan ldn luong di chuyen tang them giua Thai Lan va Lao • Khoang 36% tong luu luong giao thong den • Khoang 26% tong luu tir cac nudc thuoc tieu vung luong giao thong den tu • Lang bien gidi Dansavanh da thay doi va md cac nudc thuoc tieu vung rong vdi luong dan nhap cu tu cac lang va tinh • Cac hoat dong buon ban, lan can vdi muc tieu buon ban va tim kiem viec san xuat va thu nhap cua lam cac ho gia dinh da tang len • Cac hoat dong buon ban, san xuat va thu nhap sau hoan cua cac ho gia dinh da tang len sau hoan dudng du an dudng du an • Thuong nhan Viet Nam • Vdi viec md cua bien gidi, thuong nhan Lao da tang cudng buon ban d da mat vi the doc quyen tren thi trudng va phai thi trudng Dansavanh va canh tranh vdi cac san pham re hon den tu cac mang theo cac san pham re thuong nhan Viet Nam hon den tu Viet Nam va • Phat trien khu kinh te dac biet Savan-Xeno Trung Quoc gan Kaysone Phomvihane • Phat trien cac khu cong • Cac dudng giao thong nong thon da giup nghiep tai Lao Bao va Tac dong xxiv cong dong nong thon tiep can thi trudng va tang co hoi viec lam • Mot sd nha may da su dung Dudng de van chuyen hang hoa den Viet Nam • Tang trudng khu vuc dich vu • Tang luu luong giao thong va Cai thien co so thay doi cac loai hinh phuong tang giao thong tai tien giao thong hanh lang Dong - • Cac loi ich doi vdi phuong tien Tay giao thdng su dung dudng bo giua Lao va Viet Nam dieu kien chi phi van hanh xe co giam va tdc di chuyen tang • Giam chi phi giao thdng khoang 17-33% • Giam thdi gian di chuyen khoang 100 phut tren chieu dai 161km Ket qua • Giao thdng tang tu 1.465 xe/ngay nam 1997 len den 2.012 xe/ngay nam 2008 (PhinDasavanh) • Giao thdng gian don (tho so) chiem khoang 33,3% AADT "nam 1997 va 36,5% AADT vao nam 2008 (Phin-Dasavanh) • IRI da cai thien tu l,8m/km giam xuong 2-3m/km (Phin-Dasavanh) • IRI da cai thien tu 3,7m/km giam xuong l-2m/km (Kaysone Phomvihane-Xeno) • Thdi gian di chuyen giua Kaysone Phomvihane-Dansavanh giam xuong tu 10-12h 4h • Tdc di chuyen trung binh tang tu 21,5km/h len 59km/h Giam thieu cac rao • Gia tang di chuyen ngudi va • Tong thdi gian di chuyen qua bien gidi tu Lao can phi vat chat doi hang hoa qua bien gidi Bao den Dansavanh giam tu 487 phut (trudc du Dong Ha va len ke hoach xay dung them cac khu cong nghiep mdi Khu thuong mai Lao Bao hien da co mot mdi vdi tdc do thi hoa rat cao • Giao thdng tang trudng manh me hon so vdi hop phan Lao, tang tu 2.078 xe/ngay nam 1997 len den 5.072 xe/ngay nam 2008 (Khe Sanh) • Giao thdng gian don chiem 28,9% AADT nam 1997 va 40,7% nam 2008 • IRI da cai thien tu 58m/km giam xuong 2,2m/km (Dong Ha-Lao Bao) • Thdi gian di chuyen tu Dong Ha den Lao Bao giam tu 4h xuong 2h • Tdc di chuyen trung binh tang tu 20,8km/h len 41,5km/h • Sd ngudi trung binh qua bien gidi mdi tang tu xxv vai di chuyen ngudi va hang hoa tren duong du an d ca hai ben Lao va Viet Nam an) xuong 151 phut (sau du an) • Thoa thuan tang cudng giao thong bien gidi ve ngudi va hang hoa • Thoa thuan ve cac phu luc va Nghi dinh thu co lien quan duoc thuc hien vao 31/12/2002 • Cac thoa thuan song phuong ve quy dinh va tang cudng cac dong di chuyen qua bien gidi Dau Khoi phuc 78km dudng d Lao • Khoi phuc Dudng • Mot hop dong cong trinh dan tai Lao dung da duoc trao quy • Cung cap dudng 1/2000 va hoan quy dan vao khu vuc 1/2003 261 ngudi/ngay nam 2000 len 750 ngudi/ngay nam 2007 • So xe trung binh qua bien gidi mdi tang tu 130,8 xe/ngay nam 2000 len 152,2 xe/ngay nam 2007 • Tong thdi gian di chuyen qua bien gidi tir Dansavanh den Lao Bao giam tu 71 phut (truoc du an) xuong 48 phut (sau du an) Tai Dien dan giao thong GMS lan thu duoc to chuc tai Phnom Penh vao thang 8/2004, cac nudc GMS da nhat tri thong qua cac phu luc va Nghj dinh thu bang each thuc hien CBTA buoc dau tren co sd thi diem tai cua khau quan trong mot danh sach dai cac cua khau duoc neu len CBTA Thuc hien buoc thi diem CBTA dau tien, gom mot thoa thuan song phuong ve giao thong dudng bo giua Lao va Viet Nam, bat dau tai Lao BaoDansavanh vao nam 2005 Sau do, de dat duoc cac ket qua ve tang cudng giao thong va thuong mai mot each sdm hon, hai nudc da nhat tri thuc hien CBTA tai cua khau Mukdahan (Thai Lan)-Kaysone Phomvihane (Lao) Lao, Thai Lan va Viet Nam da ky mot bien ban ghi nho giua ba nudc ve viec thuc hien CBTA vao thang 8/2007 Tong chieu dai dudng duoc cai thien la Tong chieu dai 83km cua 105,8km (nhieu hon 78km nhu du kien) Con dudng tu cua khau Lao dudng du kien ban dau tu Muang Phin den Bao den Dong Ha da duoc Dansavanh da duoc xay dung vdi lan xe 3,5m cai thien vdi vai dudng rong l-2,5m thuoc vao dia Hang muc bo sung chinh XXVI nong thon • Cai thien Duong d Viet Nam • Hai hop dong dich vu tu van danh cho giam sat xay dung • Ra pha bom • Cai thien va xay dung cac duong nong thon, cau va cac co so tang nong thon khac tai Lao • Kha nhieu hop dong nho da duoc trao quy 1/2001 va hoan quy 4/2002 Cai thien 83km dudng d Viet Nam • Viec kiem duyet thiet ke hop phan Viet Nam duoc hoan tat vao quy 2/2000 • Hai hop dong cong trinh dan dung duoc trao quy 2/2001 va hoan quy 4/2003 hinh Cac cay cau mdi dupc xay da dap ung cac tieu chuan dia phuong Nhung cay cau sSn co cung dupc bao tri va thay the vdi cac bien bao nguy hiem va vach ke dudng Cac cong viec bo sung bao gom: (i) nang cap doan dudng dai 27,8km cua Dudng tir Kaysone Phomvihane den Xeno; (ii) md rong tieu hop phan Co sd tang tiep can cong dong nong thon len tong so dudng nong thon ndi vdi doan dudng dupc cai thien cua Dudng (dai 178km); (iii) xay dung cau Xe Namkok; (iv) cai thien tang bien gidi tai Dansavanh; (v) vach ke dudng va den giao thdng xung quanh thi tran Kaysone Phomvihane; va (vi) sua chua khan cap cac dudng nam ngoai hanh lang lu lut nam 2000 hop phan Viet Nam la doan phia nam dudng tranh Dong Ha cd chieu dai 10,7km Cac cong viec bo sung khac la: (i) md rong dudng va cac cong viec khac (nham giam luu lupng giao thdng) d cac diem Dudng di qua thi tran Cam Lo, Khe Sanh va Lao Bao; (ii) xay dung cac co sd bao tri tai Dong Ha, Cam Lo va Khe Sanh; va (iii) cai thien tang bien gidi tai Lao Bao CBTA = Hiep dinh van tai qua bien giai, IRI = chi so go ghe quoc te, h = gia, AADT = luu lugng xe binh quan nSm Nguon: Tong hyp tic ADB xxvii PHy Lye 12 TOM TAT CAC CHIEN LUOC NGANH GIAO THONG CUA ADB TU NAM 1993 Bang P12.1 Cac chien luor nganh giai doan 1993-2000 xxviii cung cap nudc sach); va cai each chinh sach nong nghiep Trong diem dau tien md rong ho tro, phu hop vdi cac uu tien cua Chinh phu, la cac dudng quoc lo, dudng thuy noi dia (dong bang song Me Kong va song Hong) va cac cang (cang Sai Gon, Hai Phong va Da Nang) yeu to quan ADB du kien se tap trung ho tro cac hanh lang giao thdng va cac khu vuc phat trien cd lien quan Dau tu khdi phuc va nang cap he thdng giao thdng dupc coi la mot uu tien chinh, tap trung vao phat trien cac hanh lang giao thdng nham thuc day hop tac kinh te giua cac khu vuc phat trien va cac khu vuc xung quanh Tieu nganh dudng bo la diem chinh dau tu vao giao thdng van tai Trong de cap den ca giao thdng nong thon thu ba ADB cung tai trp cho GMS vdi Du an cai thien tuyen dudng Phnom Penh-TP HCM? 1999 CAP (2000-2002) Giao thdng van tai Cac hoat dong cua ADB giao thdng tap trung vao tieu nganh dudng bo va thudng di theo cac chuong trinh dau tu phien ban CAP trudc Mot du an GMS thu hai: du an hanh lang Dong - Tay da dupc len ke hoach vao nam 1999 Cac hoat dong tuong lai bao gom tang cudng ket noi khu vuc vdi cac nudc GMS thdng qua cac du an nhu Du an hanh lang Con Minh - Hai Phong 2000 CAP (2001-2003) Giao thdng van tai Cac van de lien quan bao gom dam bao hoat dong day du va tri ngan sach, khuyen khich khu vuc tu nhan tham gia xay dung va bao tri CAP cho giai doan 2001-2003 hudng den cac hoat dong xoa doi giam ngheo De ho trp thuc hien muc tieu nay, cac tuyen dudng nong thon (chu yeu la dudng tinh) d mien Bac dat nudc se dupc ADB ho trp cai thien thdng qua mot du an nam 2001 cd ten “Du an cai thien cac tuyen dudng tinh” Hoat dong GMS giai doan tap trung chu yeu vao Hanh lang giao thdng Con Minh - Ha Noi - Hai Phong vdi cac hoat dong cai thien dudng bo, dudng sat va dudng thuy noi dia HCM = Ho Chi Minh, ADB = Ngan hang phat trien chau A Nguon: Tong h