Chính sách quản lý nhà nước việt nam đối với vay nợ oda giai đoạn 2011 2015

6645 LV ThS DHKTQD - - TRUONG DAI HOC KINH t£ QuOc DAN ■ ■ BDB>Og8G8 LE HA PHUONG DAI HOC KTQD TT THONG TIN THU VIEN PHONG LUAN AN-TV LIEU CHI'NH SACH QUAN LY NHA NUtfC VIET NAM DOI VOI VAY NO ODA GIAI DOAN 2011 -2015 ** X A Ngudi hudng dan khoa hoc: PGS.TS NGUYEN NHU BiNH HA NOI, NAM £011 — [f MUC LUC • • DANH MUC CAC TU* VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG DANH MUC BIEU DO TOM TAT LUAN VAN LOl MO DAU CHUONG NHUNG VAN DE LY LUAN CHUNG VE CHINH SACH QUAN LY NHA NU’OC DOI VCH VAY NO ODA Z A 1.1 Tam quart cua viec xay dung chlnh sach quan ly nha nude doi vdi vay ng ODA 1.2 Chlnh sach quan ly Nha nude doi vdi hoat dong vay ng ODA 1.2.1 Chlnh sach van dong ky ket hiep dinh vay ODA 1.2.2 Chlnh sach quan ly su dung von vay ODA 10 1.2.3 Chlnh sach quan ly tra ng 13 1.3 Co sd xay dung chlnh sach quan ly Nha nude doi vdi vay ng ODA 15 CHUONG THUC TRANG CHINH SACH QUAN LY VAY NO ODA VIET NAM 18 2.1 Thue trang ng ODA d Viet Nam 18 2.2 Thue trang chlnh sach quan ly nha nude Viet Nam doi vdi vay ng ODA 26 A 2.2.1 Tong quan ve chlnh sach quan ly vay ng ODA cua Viet Nam 26 2.2.2 Van dong ky ket ODA 29 2.2.3 Chlnh sach su dung von vay ODA 30 2.2.4 Quan ly tra ng vay ODA 34 2.3 Danh gia chinh sach quan ly nha nude Viet Nam doi vdi vay ng ODA 39 2.3.1 Nhung ket qua dat dugc: 39 r 2.3.2 Nhung mat han che chinh sach 48 2.3.3 Nguyen nhan cua nhung han che: 57 CHUONG GIAI PHAP HOAN THIEN CHINH SACH QUAN LY NHA NU'OC VIET NAM DOI VCil VAY NO ODA GIAI DOAN 2011-2015 60 3.1 Boi canh nude va quoc te 60 3.1.1 Boi canh quoc te 60 3.1.2 Tinh hinh nuoc 61 3.2 Dur bao nhu cau va dinh hudng vay ng ODA giai doan 2011-2015 62 3.2.1 Dur bao nhu cau von vay ODA cua Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2015 62 3.2.2 Dinh huong vay ng ODA cua Viet Nam giai doan 2011 -2015 63 3.3 Giai phap hoan thien chinh sach quan ly nha nuoc doi vdi vay ng ODA giai doan 2011-2015 66 3.3.1 Thong nhat nguyen tac chi dao thuc hien 67 a \ r 3.3.2 Xay dung va ban hanh Nghi dinh mdi ve quan ly va su dung nguon von ODA 69 3.3.3 Chinh sach van dong, ky ket su dung ODA 69 3.3.4 Dau tu nguon von vay ODA vao cac linh vuc hgp ly 71 3.3.5 Chinh sach quan ly, thuc hien chuong trinh du an 76 3.4 Kien nghi thuc hien giai phap 78 3.4.1 Giai phap thu hut nguon von vay 78 3.4.2 Giai phap nang cao hieu qua su dung nguon von vay ODA 79 3.4.3 Giai phap thuc hien tra nor von vay 80 3.4.4 Nhom cac giai phap khac 81 KET LUAN 83 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 84 DANH MUC CAC T'f VIET TAT r rp x Tv viet tat • A Ten tieng Anh rp A i• A T" a Ten tieng Viet ADB The Asian Development Bank Ngan hang phat trien Chau A ADF Quy phat trien chau A ASEAN Asian Development Fund Association of Southeast Asian Nations Hiep hoi cac quoc gia Dong Nam A EU European Union Lien minh Chau Au FDI Foreign Direct Investment Dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai GDP National Gross Domestic Product HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus International Development Association Tong san pham quoc noi Virus lam suy giam he mien dich o nguoi IDA IMF Hiep hoi phat trien quoc te Quy I ien te quoc te JICA International Monetary Fund Japan International Cooperation Agency KEXIM Export-Import bank of Korean Ngan hang xuat nhap khau Han Quoc MIC Middle Income Country Nuoc co muc thu nhap trung binh NGO Non-governmental Organization TO chuc phi Chlnh phu ODA Official Development Assistance Ho tro phat trien chlnh thuc OECD Organization for Economic Co­ operation and Development TO chuc Hop tac kinh te va Phat trien PMU Projects Management Unit Ban quan ly du an PPP Hop tac cong-tu UNDP Public - Private - Partnership United Nations Development Programme Chuong trinh phat trien Lien hop quoc WTO World Trade Organization TO chuc thuong mai the gioi Co quan hop tac quoc te Nhat Ban DANH MUC BANG So bang Ten bang Trang Bang 2.1 Cam ket, ky ket, giai ngan ODA tu 1993-2010 20 Bang 2.2 Co cau vay ODA chu yeu cua Viet Nam 22 Bang 2.3 23 Bang 2.5 Doi tac vay ODA chu yeu cua Viet Nam thoi gian qua A Tdng hop vay ODA theo mot so co quan chu quan Co cau ODA ky ket theo nganh, linh vuc thoi ky 2006­ 2010 Bang 2.6 ODA ky ket phan theo vung, lanh tho thoi ky 2006-2010 33 Bang 2.7 Tinh hinh giai ngan von vay ODA theo nha tai tro 37 Bang 2.8 Giai ngan von vay ODA theo co quan chu quan 38 Bang 2.4 24 32 DANH MUC BIEU DO So bieu rr* A • A -» A Ten bieu Trang Bieu 2.1 Cam ket, ky ket, giai ngan nguon von ODA 2006 -2010 19 Bieu 2.2 Bieu cam ket, ky ket, giai ngan ODA tu 1993-2010 20 Bieu 2.3 Co cau von vay va vien tro qua cac thoi ky Cam ket vay ODA cua Viet Nam voi ngan hang phat trien thoi ky 2006-2010 22 Bi6u dO 2.4 25 TRJONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ BDSbOg8G8 LE HA PHUONG CHINH SACH QUAN LY NHA NUM VIET NAM DOI VOI VAY NO ODA GIAI DOAN 2011 - 2015 ■ ■ CHUYEN NGANH: KINH TE THE GIOI VA QUAN HE KINH TE QUOC TE (KINH TE DOI NGOAI) TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • • HA M•H,7 JAM 2011 i TOM TAT LUAN VAN Trong xu the toan cau hoa cac nude dang phat trien thudng thu hut cac nguon r A X von nude ngoai bang nhieu each khac nhau, vay ng la mot phuong thuc bien Doi vdi Viet Nam thi nguon von ho trg phat trien chinh thuc (Official Development Assistance - ODA) la mot nhung nguon von bo sung vd cung quan va chiem ti ldn nhat tdng lugng von vay ng nude ngoai Trong gan hai thap ky vtra qua, ODA da dong mot vai tro quan trong, cung vdi cac nguon von khac huy dong ttr ben ngoai, ket hgp chat che vdi cac nguon luc nude dong gop tich cue vao su nghiep phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua Viet Nam Tuy nhien ben canh nhung yeu to tich cue, viec su dung von vay ODA cung bao gom nhieu rui ro Nhieu quoc gia da thu hut, van dong va su dung von ODA kha hieu qua Song khong it quoc gia lai la bai hoc khong cong ve quan ly von ODA Nguyen nhan cua nhung that bai tren phai ke viec den buong long quan ly vay ng ODA cua nha nude Chinh vi vay chinh sach quan ly ng nude ngoai noi chung va quan ly vay ng ODA noi rieng la mot bo phan thiet yeu chinh sach tai chinh quoc gia Hien tai Viet Nam vln dang chung to quyet tarn thuc hien ddi mdi va cai each, nang cao uy tin ddi vdi cac nha tai trg qua trinh tiep nhan va su dung ODA thong qua cac chinh sach vT mo than nhu chien luge vay ng hgp ly, dam bao nen tai chinh lanh manh vdi nguon thu ngan sach vung chac va cung cd, tang cudng he thong phap ly lien quan den viec su dung nguon von Nam ddi vdi vay nff ODA giai doan 2011 - 2015” cho luan van tot nghiep cua minh Ddi tugng nghien cuu cua luan van la Chinh sach quan ly Nha nude doi vdi vay ng ODA cua Viet Nam ap dung cho giai doan 2011 - 2015 Pham vi nghien cuu chu yeu cua de tai tap trung vao chinh sach quan ly vay ng ODA cua chinh phu, thuc trang cua cong tac quan ly nguon von vay ODA va chinh sach phu hgp de thu hut va su dung ii nguon ODA co hieu qua hon voi nhung bien phap thuc hien cac chinh sach mot each triet de va hop li ap dung cho giai doan 2011-2015 CHlTONG I NHUNG VAN DE LY LUAN CHUNG VE CHINH SACH QUAN LY NHA NUOC DOI VOI VAY NO ODA 1.1 Tam quan cua viec xay dung chinh sach quan ly nha nude doi vdi vay no’ ODA Ho tro phat trien chinh thuc hay Vien tro phat trien chinh thuc (Official Development Assistance -ODA) da co lich su hon nua the ky, phan anh mot nhung moi quan he quoc t£ giua mot ben la cac nuoc phat tridn hoac cac td chuc qudc r "> r te va ben la cac nude dang phat trien, thong qua viec cung cap cac khoan vien tro phat trien Nguon von ODA dune danh gia la nguon ngoai luc quan giup cac nude dang phat trien thuc hien cac chien lune phat trien Kinh te xa hoi cua minh \ r Tuy nhien ben canh nhung mat tich cue thi nguon von vay ODA va hoat dong vay no ODA cd nhieu diem han che Thuc te su dung ODA tren the gidi da cho thay, nguon von se cd hieu qua neu biet phat huy cao tinh tu chu va cd su phdi hop quan ly chat che; Nd khong phai luon luon cd hieu qua doi vdi bat ky qudc gia hoac bat ky linh vuc nao va cd the de lai ganh nang no nan, kho tra Chinh vi vay viec xay dung chinh sach quan ly nha nude doi vdi vay no ODA la yeu cau quan doi vdi su phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua dat nude 1.2 Chinh sach quan ly Nha nude doi vdi hoat dong vay no* ODA Chinh sach quan ly nha nude doi vdi hoat dong vay no ODA duoc the hien d cac noi dung sau: Chinh sach quan ly doi tac cho vay ODA, Chinh sach quan ly su dung nguon von vay ODA, va Chinh sach quan ly tra no vay ODA 74 hien cac chuong trinh, de an dao tao nhan luc chat luong cao doi vdi cac nganh, linh vuc chu yeu, mui nhon \ r r 3.3.4.4 Ngudn vdn ODA phat trien nong nghiep va nong thon ket hop vdi xoa ddi giam ngheo A < r A Ngudn vdn ODA dupe su dung de thuc hien Chuong trinh muc tieu quoc gia ve phat triin nong thon mdi vdi nhung hoat dong nhu quy hoach xay dung nong thon mdi; phat trien tang kinh te - xa hoi (giao thong nong thon, luoi dien nong thon, phat triin y te, giao due, xay dung thuy loi ); chuyen dich co ciu, phat trien kinh te (nang cao r r thu nhap thong qua phat trien san xuat hang hoa cd hieu qua kinh te cao; tang cudng cong tac khuyen nong; day nhanh nghien cuu ung dung tiin bo khoa hoc ky thuat vao r r san xuat nong - lam - ngu nghiep, co gidi hoa nong nghiep, giam ton that sau thu hoach theo phuong cham “mdi lang mot san phSm”, phat trien nganh nghe theo the manh cua dia phuong; day manh dao tao nghe cho lao dong nong thon, thuc day dua cong nghiep r t r vao nong thon, giai quyet viec lam va chuyen dich nhanh co cau lao dong nong thon Dong thdi su dung de hd tro thuc hien co hieu qua Chuong trinh giam ngheo nhanh va ben vung cho 62 huyen co ty le ho ngheo cao; Ho tro thuc hien Chuong trinh muc tieu r a Quoc gia ve giam ngheo, thuc hien cac chuong trinh an sinh xa hoi Day la mot dot pha linh vuc su dung ODA dupe Chinh phu thuc hien thdi ky mdi Su dung ngudn vdn ODA de hd tro hoan thien he thong luat phap va cac co che chinh sach de cac thi trudng hang hoa, dich vu, tai chinh, chung khoan, bat dong san, lao dong, khoa hoc cong nghe dupe tao lap dong bo va van hanh thong suot Tao lap mdi trudng kinh doanh binh dang giua cac phan kinh te; Cung vdi la 75 ho tro Cai each nen hanh chinh quoc gia tren tat ca cac noi dung: the che, to chuc bo may, thu tuc hanh chinh va tai chinh cong 3.3.4.6 Ho trg bao ve moi truong va cac nguon tai nguyen thien nhien; ung voi bien doi hau; phat trien ben vung va tang trudng xanh t yr ~ Dung nguon von ODA de ho trg thuc hien cac chuong trinh bao ve moi truemg; ung dung cong nghe than thien mdi truong va xay dung mo hinh tang trudng xanh; Hd r trg de ung va giam thieu nhung tac dong thien tai doi vdi cac nganh, linh vuc va vung lanh tho chiu hau qua nang nd nhat cua bien ddi hau r r \ 3.3.4.7 Ho trg thuc day dau tu, thuong mai va mot sd linh vuc san xuat, kinh doanh r e e •> r Von ODA ngoai vai trd xue tac cho phat trien dugc su dung de hd trg true tiep cho viec thuc day cac hoat dong dau tu, thuong mai thdng qua viec chuyen giao cong nghe, ky thuat san xuat va quan ly hien dai, tang cuong nang luc canh tranh cua mot sd loai san pham va hang hoa tren mot sd linh vuc ma Viet Nam co tiem nang va lgi thd z z 7 (che bien nong, lam, hai san va cac san pham cua cong nghiep phu trg va san pham nguyen lieu dau vao phuc vu san xuat hang xuat khau, ), tao nen mong cho phan cong lao dong chuoi san xuat toan cau va thuc day hoi nhap kinh te qudc td Ngoai cac ngudn vdn can dugc su dung dd giup tao viec lam va tang thu nhap cho ngudi ngheo 3.3.4.8 Ngudn vdn ODA ho trg theo dia ban lanh tho Vdn vay ODA dugc su dung hd trg viec hien thuc hoa cac dinh hudng phat trien cac vung lanh tho dugc xac dinh tai Ke hoach phat trien kinh td - xa hoi nam 2011- 2015, tap trung uu tien cho cac tinh ngheo, nhieu kho khan, vung sau, vung xa, vung ddng bao dan toe tren cac vung: Cac tinh mien nui phia Bac, mot sd tinh dac 76 biet kho khan mien Trung va Tay Nguyen, mot so tinh dac biet kho khan d Dong bang Song Cuu Long Ngoai cac du an cua Trung uong tren dia ban cac vung, cac du an, chuong trinh tap trung vao viec ho tro cai thien doi song va sinh ke cua ngudi dan dia phuong, hd tro giai quyet cac van de buc xuc qua trinh thi hoa nhanh d cac tinh (cap thoat •t r nuoc, xu ly rac thai, phat trien giao thong noi do, giai quyet nha d cho ngudi ngheo ) 3.3.5 Chinh sach quan ly, thuc hien chwomg trinh dir an Chinh phu Viet Nam da chi rd cac du an su dung vdn vay phai co phuong an tra no vung chac, xac dinh rd trach nhiem tra no, khong dupe gay them ganh nang no nin khong tra dupe Dong thdi, su dung vdn vay cua nudc ngoai ta phai tinh toan tdi kha nang tra no nudc ODA dupe coi la khoan no quan nhat cua Chinh phu dung vay Can phai xac dinh ro no ODA khong phai la “cua cho khong, bieu khong”, ma la mot mon no mang tinh lau dai Xet ve mat trung va dai han, ydu td no ODA la mot phan cua no nudc ngoai se la ganh nang cho the he mai sau, dac biet la no cd tinh chat dai han, neu Chinh phu khong cd nhung bien phap su dung hieu qua va cd ke hoach tra no hop ly Theo nhieu chuyen gia danh gia, yeu td no chi thuc su ben vung va hieu qua ganh nang no cua the he horn khong la “noi co cue” cua the he mai sau Vi ODA khong phai la khoan cho khong ma phai kem theo nd la cac dieu kien ve r r ~ r kinh te - chinh tri Mat khac, chung ta phai hoan tra no ca goc lan lai Vi vay neu su A A dung khong hieu qua co the roi vao tinh trang khung hoang, no nan nen no ODA can 77 hop tac phat trien va tang cudng kha nang van dung nhuan nhuyen cac hieu biet de ky ket cac hiep dinh vay von la can thiet Muc tieu cua cong tac la tao dieu kien cho Viet Nam co quyen lam chu va de dugc chu dong de xuat va su dung von ODA thuc su co hieu qua, dung vdi ban chat su dung mot ngudn vay ng 3.3.5.2 Tang cudng cong tac dao tao can bo quan ly X \ r Dao tao lai va boi dudng luc lugng can bo quan ly, dieu phoi va su dung ODA la mot bien phap quan trgng nham hoan thien cong tac dieu phoi, quan ly va su dung ODA hien Can phai co mot chuong trinh huan luyen rong rai de tao nhung thay ddi ve nhan thuc, thai va ky nang d tat ca cac cap, tang cudng cong tac quan ly nha nude ve ODA Cac can bo quan ly ODA phai cd kien thuc day du ve cac mat nhu: kien thuc ve chu ky du an, su phoi hgp giua cac co quan cung nhu trach nhiem, quyen han cua mdi co quan d tung giai doan cua chu ky du an; Cac kien thuc ve kinh te thi trudng, phuong phap phan tich chinh sach kinh td phu hgp vdi co chd kinh td mdi; Nhung kien thuc co ban ve ngoai giao, luat phap, ngoai ngtr Trong qua trinh thuc hien du an, khong nen thay the nua chung cac can bo chu chot cua du an, nhdt la ngudi quan ly dieu hanh vi lam nhu vay se dan den tinh trang mat tinh lien tuc cua du an, dut doan cho cong tac thuc thi du an dung tien Cac can bo tham gia quan ly du an cung nen khong ngimg hoc hoi va tu dao tao lai minh, bat kip nhu cau chung cua thdi dai cung nhu dam bao thuc hien tdt cac nhiem vu dugc giao Trong cong tac dao tao va bo tri can bo, can chu hon nua tdi viec dao tao cac can bo cap tinh, phd Hien chinh phu da thuc hien phan cap quan ly cac r r r tinh, phd dugc tien hanh phe duyet mot sd loai du an ODA thuoc vao noi dung va quy md cua du an Viec tang cudng cong tac dao tao va bd tri can bo d cac tinh, phd se tao dieu kien, tien de cho cong tac quan ly va su dung ODA d cac du an loai cd hieu qua 78 3.3.5.3 Theo doi, danh gia chuong trinh du an Can phai tang cuong cong tac kiem tra, giam sat su dung ngudn vdn vay ODA, dam bao tinh minh bach cong tac quan ly su dung va phong chong tham nhung Kiem tra, kiem soat la khau quan khong the thieu duoc qua trinh quan ly va su dung ODA Kiem soat duoc thuc hien day du lam giam tham nhung, thuc hien tiet kiem va tang cudng nang luc thuc hien du an Thdng thudng doi vdi cac du an dau tu bang vdn vay, cac nha tai tro thudng yeu r > r r cau Chinh phu thue chuyen gia tu van, phoi hop vdi cac doi tac va nguoi duoc hudng thu tien hanh danh gia, giam sat du an Nhung cong viec chi duoc thuc hien giai doan thuc hien du an hoan Trong thdi gian tdi, chinh phu can quan tarn hon nua den kiem tra, giam sat du an d giai doan sau du an Cong tac kiem tra, giam sat thuc hien day du gop phan lam tang tinh ben vung cua du an, tao kha nang giai ngan nhanh va cung cd niem tin cua cac nha tai tro doi vdi Viet Nam Cac don vi thuc hien vdn ODA can phai thuc hien nghiem chinh va thudng xuyen bao cao vdn dau tu thuc hien va quyet toan vdn dau tu du an hoan r a 7 Bao cao quyet toan can phai duoc kiem toan de dam bao tinh chinh xac truoc gui den cac co quan chuc nang tham tra phe duyet quyet toan 3.4 Kien nghi thuc hien giai phap Tu nhung dinh hudng chinh sach tren, chung ta can trien khai tong the ddng bo mot he thdng cac giai phap, la: 3.4.1 Giaiphap thu hut ngudn vdn vay De thu hut ngudn vdn vay ODA tu cac td chuc, cong ddng qudc td, Chinh phu Viet Nam can thuc hien cac bien phap sau: tiep nhan ODA Tang cudng cong tac can bo, dau tu dao tao de nang cao nang luc cho 79 nhung can bo thuoc bo phan lien quan den viec xac dinh nhu cau dam phan, ki ket nhung hiep dinh vdidoi tac nude ngoai nham nang cao hon nua ca vd sd luong va chit luong cua nguon von thuhut duoc De nang cao nang luc cho can bo thi nen md lap dao tao ngan ve nhung kien thuc co lien quan den ODA, tap hudn vd nhung quy dinh va thu tuc, dieu kien cung cap ODA cua cac nha tai trcr va tinh thuong xuyen cho mot bao cao dinh ky d moi chuong trinh, du an phu hop yeu cau cua tat ca cac nha tai tro Hom nua, nhung diem chung la can thiet de loai bo su trung lap viec chuan bi tai lieu, danh gia cac tac dong ve moi truong va xa hoi doi vdi cac chuong trinh, du an dong tai tro Vi the nhu cau hai hoa thu tuc theo cac quy che va cac he thong phu hop vdi nhung tieu chuan, nguyen tac qudc te la khach quan va can thiet Ve phia nhung nganh va dia phuong cd nhu cau ve cung cap vdn ODA cdn cuu ki nhung chinh sach uu tien cua cac ddi tac nudc ngoai cung nhu quy chd quan li va su dungvon ODA cua Chinh phu Viet Nam de tranh thu su giup cua Chinh phu va cac co quan cd lien quan viec lap hd so du an va cac thu tuc xin vien tro phu hop vdi ddi tuong uu tien 3.4.2 Gidiphap nang cao hieu qua sic dung ngudn vdn vay ODA Chinh phu can hoan thien cong tac ke hoach hoa va xac dinh thu tu uu tien phan bo ngudn vdn ODA Hoan thien ke hoach hoa vdn ODA la tao dieu kien de lien tuc hoa r a r t \ r •> cac bo phan cua ke hoach dau tu xay dung: Ke hoach chuan bi dau tu, ke hoach chuan bi thuc hien du an va ke hoach thuc hien du an Ngoai ra, phai xac dinh thu tu uu tien phan bo ngudn vdn theo timg nganh va linh vuc cu the Can tranh xu hudng dan trai vien tro nudc ngoai tren mot dien rong bao quat nhieu linh vuc, nganh hay dia phuong 80 Trong dieu kien nguon vdn han che, de nguon von phat huy hieu qua nhanh va rong, nen tap trung dau tu vao mot so lmhvuc, vung lanh thd co loi thd tuong ddi va co kha nang gay tac dong phat trien Ion Cac nganh, cac dia phuong va cac don vi su dung aza A nguon vdn ODA can tinh toan chinh xac hieu qua de tranh su dung lang phi cac ngudn vdn va xac dinh day du nghia vu tra no, chiu trach nhiem chinh qua trinh su dung vdn va phai dat loi ich quoc gia len hang dau Cac du an phai tap trung phat huy ngudn luc hien co cua dia phuong Cac chuong trinh, du an ODA phai nghien cuu de phat huy duoc nhung loi thd sin cd va phai xuat phat tir thuc te cua dia phuong de tai tro hieu qua hon, phai tao dieu kien de ngudi dan cua dia phuong cd the true tiep tham gia va quan ly chuong trinh, du an Mot giai phap nua la phai cai tien co che quan ly va dieu phoi vien tro, tuc la cai each ca hanh chinh lan kinh te, ca co che va thuc thi phai nhanh Vien tro nude ngoai A z cd lien quan den nhieu co quan chuc nang d nude ke tu luc van dong tai tro cho hop nhip nhang, thong suot, tranh dupe su chong cheo cua ca mot he thong td chuc cd B r * r a AZA lien quan den vien tro la van de cd y nghia quan Chu truong ve phan cap dau tu hien la huong di dung nhung phan cAp phai cd suchuAn bi: phai cd quy hoach tdt quy hoach cua chung ta chua tdt, hay thay doi Dong thdi phai cd doi ngu can bo biet lam, biet tham dinh, can nhac dau tu 3.4.3 Giaiphap thuc hien tra nor vdn vay Xay dung he thong theo doi va danh gia du an Dieu se gop phAn khic phuc dupe nhung yeu kern qua trinh thuc hien du an va quan ly ngudn vdn ODA mot each cd hieu qua, dat dupe nhung muc tieu uu tien cua dat nude Dieu quan truoc tien la phai xac dinh kha nang tra no ca goc va lai z x tuong lai de xay dung ke hoach tra no, cap nhat cac thong tin va ngoai nude ve su bien dong cua cac nhan td cd kha nang tac dong den ngudn vdn vay dd xu ly kip 81 thcri va co nhung quyet dinh dung dan tranh tinh trang 16 nhung tac dong cua nhung nhan to khach quan du an da di vao hoat dong Chung ta cung phai tang cuong nguon luc doi ung nuoc Kha nang hip thu vien tro thuoc vao muc dap ung cua nguon luc nude Neu cac ngudn luc a ? yr nude qua yeu kem (duoc the hien qua ngudn vdn nude nho be, nang luc can bo han che, cac yeu td dau vao thieu thon, he thdng phap ly khong rd rang, chat che ) thi se phat sinh hien tuong ngudn vdn ODA khong duoc sur dung mot each co hieu qua dua dam chu yeu vao ngudn vdn nude ngoai va xem nhe su doi ung cua ngudn vdn nude, trien khai du an cham co lang phi Nhung quan niem sai ldm tren can sdm duoc chan chinh, luon luon luu y rang day la ngudn vdn phai hoan tra vdn goc va lai vi vay neu su dung kem hieu qua van co the roi vao khung hoang no ndn nhu da xay d nhieu nude 3.4.4 Nhom cac gidi phap khac Giai phap phat huy vai tro lam chu cua phia Viet Nam lua chon, xay dung cac chuong trinh va du an, cung nhu td chuc thuc hien phu hop vdi tinh hinh thuc td a > r r Cac co quan quan ly nha nude ve ngudn vdn ODA va vdn vay uu dai cua cac nha tai tro phai chi dao chat che qua trinh lira chon cac chuong trinh, du an, thidt kd noi dung cac chuong trinh va du an tai tro, cung nhu viec td chuc thuc hien phu hop vdi x r nhu cau, thuc te va nhung quy dinh cua Viet Nam 82 Cac chu chuong trinh va du an can chu dong phat huy vai trd lam chu dfi hop tac chat che vdi nha tai tro qua trinh lua chon cac chuong trinh, du an, thidt kd cac noi dung chuong trinh va du an tai tro, cung nhu td chuc viec thuc hien phu hop vdi tinh hinh thuc te va cac van ban phap quy hien hanh Giai phap minh bach thong tin va trach nhiem giai trinh viec su dung ngudn vdn ODA va vdn vay uu dai cua cac nha tai tro Cac chu chuong trinh va du an phai minh bach thong tin ve du an, tinh hinh thuc f r hien va td chuc quan ly viec thuc hien chuong trinh va du an doi vdi co quan dan cu, cac td chuc, doan the chinh tri - xa hoi de dam bao giam sat cong dong viec su dung cac ngudn vdn tai tro Cac bo, co quan va cac tinh va true thuoc Trung uong su dung ngudn vdn ODA va vdn vay uu dai cua cac nha tai tro can dua ldn trang thong tin dien tu cua co quan minh nhung thong tin cap nhat ve tinh hinh thu hut, quan ly va su dung cac ngudn vdn Nhu vay vdi nhung chinh sach lien tuc duoc hoan thien, cd thd tin tuong ring viec thu hut va su dung ODA tai Viet Nam se cang hieu qua hon, dong gop die luc vao cong cuoc phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, xoa ddi giam ngheo ben vung d Viet Nam 83 KET LUAN • Tai Viet Nam nhung nam qua, nguon von ODA dudi su chi dao va didu hanh cua Chinh phu cung viec xay dung va khong ngung hoan thien khung thd chd vd quan ly va su dung, da dong gop phan tich cue vao su nghiep phat trien kinh td - xa hoi cua dat nuoc Xuat phat tir viec thuc hien cong Ke hoach phat trien kinh td - xa hoi nam 2006-2010 Viet Nam da tro nude dang phat trien co muc thu nhap trung binh (MIC) va theo tap quan tai tro quoc te, Viet Nam se nhan duoc it hon cac yr \ r nguon vdn vay ODA uu dai nhu hien nay, giai doan 2011 -2015 ngudn vdn vay ODA se co nhung thay doi dang ke ve luong va co cau Tir van de dat la can phai co chinh sach mdi ve thu hut va su dung ODA cung nhu cac van ban quy pham phap luat mdi phu hop vdi tinh chat ngudn vdn ODA co nhieu thay ddi thdi gian sap tdi Nhan thuc duoc dieu ay tac gia da di sau vao phan tich thuc trang chinh sach vay no ODA cua Viet Nam thdi gian qua va dua mot sd nhung chinh sach quan ly ngudn vdn vay ODA giai doan 2011 - 2015 Mot he thong chinh sach va co che quan ly, su dung ngudn vdn vay ODA duoc phat trien dong bo song hanh vdi doi ngu can bo quan ly dy an dupe dao tao co bai ban, chuyen nghiep la co sd chac chan bao dam viec quan ly va su dung ODA co hieu qua va nhin ve lau dai day la mot bai tap co gia tri de gop phan hoan thien quan ly cac ngudn vdn dau tu cong la mot nhung trach cua Chinh phu Day khong chi la yeu cau cua horn ma la doi hoi cua cac the he mai sau - nhung ngudi co trach nhiem tra cac khoan no Vdi nhung de xuat dua luan van, tac gia mong muon dong gop mot phan vao qua trinh hoan thien chinh sach quan ly nha nude Viet Nam ddi vdi vay no ODA giai doan 2011 - 2015 84 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • TIENG VIET Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu (2007), Du an ODA Ngan hang the giai tdi tra: So toy hudng dan chuan bi va thuc hien du an Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu (2009), Cam nang hudng dan chuan bi va thuc hien du > r an ngudn vdn ODA ADB tdi tra tai Viet Nam Phan Trung Chinh (2008), “Dac diem nguon vdn ODA va thuc trang quan ly nguon von d nude ta”, Tap chi Ngan hang, (so 7), Trang 18-25 Nguydn Thanh Ha (2008), “ Quan ly ODA: Bai hoc tir kinh nghiem cac nude”, Tap chi Tdi chinh, (so 9), trang 54-57 Dinh Tuan Hai (2007), Danh gid hieu qua su dung ngudn vdn dau tu ODA theo yr y tinh than cua tuyen bo chung Paris ve hieu qua vien tra Cao Viet Sinh - Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu (2008), Tong quan ODA a Viet Nam 15 nam (1993-2008) khoa hoc cong nghe, Dai hoc Dd Nang, (so (31).2009), trang 5-6 TRANG WEB Bao dien tu Chinh phu nude Cong hoa xa hoi Viet Nam Dia chi: http ://baodientu.chinhphu.vn Bo Ke hoach va dau tu Dia chi: http://www.mpi.gov.vn/ Bo Tdi chinh Dia chi: http://www.mof.gov.vn Chinh phii Dia chi: www.chinhphu.vn Tap chi tdi chinh Dia chi: http://www.tapchitaichinh.vn PHU LUC TINH HINH KY KET GIAI NGAN VON VAY ODA THEO NHA TAI TRQ Dan vi: Trieu USD Lfly ke giai ngan ODA den het ngdy 31/8/2011 Tong von ODA ky ket Nhd till try Tong so a Tong sd Canada Han Qudc My Oxtraylia Trung Qudc Nhat Ban Ao Bi Dan Mach Du>c EC Ha Lan Italia Luc-xdm-bua Na Uy Phdn Lan Phap Thuy Dien ADB OFID Quy Kuwait WB GEF IFAD Quy toan ciu UNDP UNFPA UNICEF WHO 26,383.43 33.70 620.27 2.14 18.41 131.42 9,400.37 18.71 13.69 10.59 845.78 54.65 38.95 20.40 9.13 17.81 35.51 986.74 11.57 5,148.57 17.00 28.60 8,383.63 0.86 174.08 243.88 49.76 35.16 2.05 30.00 Vay 25,600.54 618.71 131.42 9,400.37 18.71 7.44 7.95 789.88 20.40 12.74 26.26 951.26 5,114.01 17.00 28.60 8,294.60 161.18 Vifn try 782.89 33.70 1.56 2.14 18.41 6.25 2.64 55.89 54.65 38.95 9.13 5.07 9.25 35.48 11.57 34.56 89.03 0.86 12.90 243.88 49.76 35.16 2.05 30.00 Tong so a 6,965.13 176.71 3,419.17 168.03 229.21 572.66 2,254.91 48.63 46.63 21.55 27.62 - Vay 6,795.51 176.15 3,419.17 154.54 213.11 565.92 2,221.92 44.70 - Vifn try 169.62 0.57 13.49 16.10 6.74 32.98 3.93 46.63 21.55 27.62 - Von ODA chira giai ngan Tong so g Vay 19,418.30 33.70 443.56 2.14 18.41 131.42 5,981.20 18.71 13.69 10.59 677.74 54.65 38.95 20.40 9.13 17.81 35.51 757.53 11.57 4,575.91 17.00 28.60 6,128.72 0.86 125.45 197.25 28.21 7.54 2.05 30.00 18,805.03 442.57 131.42 5,981.20 18.71 7.44 7.95 635.34 20.40 12.74 26.26 738.16 4,548.09 17.00 28.60 6,072.68 116.48 Vi?n try 613.27 33.70 0.99 2.14 18.41 Ty le gidi ngan (%) 26% 28% - 36% 6.25 2.64 42.40 54.65 38.95 9.13 5.07 9.25 19.37 11.57 27.82 56.05 0.86 8.97 197.25 28.21 7.54 2.05 30.00 20% 23% 11% 27% 28% 19% 43% 79% PHU LUC TINH HINH GIAI NGAN ODA THEO CO QUAN CHU QUAN Dan vi: Trieu USD LOy ke giai ngSn ODA den het ngdy 31/8/2011 Tong von ODA ky ket Ctf quan chu quan Tong soc Tong sd Bo Cong An Bo Cong thu’O’ng Bo Giao due vd Dao tao Bo Giao thong Van tai Bo Kd hoach va Ddu tip Bo Khoa hoc & Cong nghe Bo LD, TB & XH Bo Ngoai giao Bo NN&PTNT Bo Noi vu Bo Qudc phong Bo Tai chinh Bo Tai Nguyen & MT Bo Thdng tin & TT Bo VH, TT & DL Bd Xay du>ng Bo Y td Dai Truydn hinh VN Doan TNCS HCM Hiep hoi KH&CN VN Hoi LH KH&KT VN Hoi LH PhQ nu>VN Hoi Ndng dan Ngan hang NN VN Quy Tin dung ND UB Dan toe An Giang Bdc Kan 26,383.43 13.27 6,292.76 778.19 6,825.40 537.17 59.40 130.74 8.94 1,970.27 3.80 13.51 339.75 154.68 365.83 27.78 526.03 1,028.13 252.02 0.70 1.25 16.74 1.64 0.90 1,316.69 43.90 4.31 6.68 38.10 Vay 25,600.54 5.20 6,290.46 754.23 6,824.18 524.71 59.40 105.96 1,917.37 13.51 328.30 137.13 365.83 10.36 518.84 630.97 252.02 1,312.99 43.18 37.46 Vi£n try Tong so c Vay 782.89 8.07 2.30 23.96 1.22 12.46 24.78 8.94 52.91 3.80 11.45 17.55 17.42 7.20 397.16 0.70 1.25 16.74 1.64 0.90 3.71 0.72 4.31 6.68 0.64 6,965.13 0.02 1,275.18 144.89 2,172.73 237.88 1.14 23.41 4.46 609.21 39.79 10.96 34.87 1.79 136.53 283.82 169.28 0.64 0.57 0.09 1.29 0.82 313.86 26.20 1.03 3.18 6,795.51 1,275.18 144.89 2,172.59 229.94 1.14 13.73 591.22 38.83 10.96 34.87 1.44 130.66 192.00 169.28 312.60 25.91 3.10 Von ODA chua giai ngan Vi$n try T6ng sog Vay 169.62 0.02 0.14 7.93 9.67 4.46 17.99 0.96 0.35 5.87 91.81 0.64 0.57 0.09 1.29 0.82 1.27 0.29 1.03 0.08 19,418.30 13.25 5,017.58 633.30 4,652.67 299.29 58.25 107.33 4.48 1,361.06 3.80 13.51 299.96 143.72 330.96 25.99 389.50 744.32 82.74 0.05 0.68 16.66 0.36 0.08 1,002.83 17.71 3.28 6.68 34.92 18,805.03 5.20 5,015.28 609.34 4,651.59 294.77 58.25 92.22 1,326.15 13.51 289.47 126.17 330.96 8.92 388.18 438.97 82.74 1,000.39 17.27 34.36 Vi$n try 613.27 8.05 2.30 23.96 1.08 4.52 15.11 4.48 34.92 3.80 10.49 17.55 17.07 1.32 305.35 0.05 0.68 16.66 0.36 0.08 2.44 0.43 3.28 6.68 0.56 Tylf gidi ngan (%) 26% 20% 19% 32% 44% 2% 18% 50% 31% 12% 7% 10% 6% 26% 28% 67% 92% 46% 1% 78% 91% 24% 60% 24% 8% Bac Lieu Bac Ninh Bln Tre Binh Dinh Binh Duong Binh Thuan Ba Ria - Vung Tiu Ca Mau Cao Bing Dak Nong Dien Bien Ddng Nai Gia Lai Ha Giang Ha Nam Ha Tinh Hai Duong Hau Giang Hoa Binh Hung Yen Khanh Hoa Kien Giang Kon Turn Lai Chau Lao Cai Long An Nam Dinh Nghe An Ninh Binh Ninh Thuan Phu ThQ Phu Yen Quang Binh Quang Nam Quang Ngai Quang Ninh Quang Tri 2.10 13.09 21.88 63.33 100.17 41.66 17.27 17.89 20.71 13.13 1.06 53.95 20.39 14.47 4.54 42.00 19.19 3.00 4.49 3.17 63.33 95.27 4.03 18.31 34.23 2.79 95.62 38.19 20.97 54.53 14.52 0.82 84.58 18.08 9.38 1.25 11.57 13.09 17.78 63.33 100.17 41.66 17.27 17.89 17.22 12.80 1.06 52.39 18.89 13.08 4.54 30.60 7.35 2.04 63.33 92.94 2.93 18.31 33.08 2.79 95.62 30.44 20.97 50.38 11.08 0.82 71.03 18.08 - 2.10 4.10 3.49 0.33 1.56 1.50 1.39 11.40 11.84 3.00 2.44 3.17 2.33 1.10 1.15 7.75 4.15 3.44 13.55 9.38 1.25 11.57 - - 6.93 8.21 13.45 24.90 19.59 4.16 0.57 0.34 13.09 12.98 6.93 2.24 13.45 26.88 0.65 10.18 7.77 0.52 32.43 12.71 12.92 25.83 13.48 16.38 - 6.93 6.14 13.45 24.90 19.59 3.18 11.98 10.93 6.93 13.45 26.88 10.18 7.47 0.52 32.43 12.71 12.92 23.90 10.57 16.38 - - 2.07 0.98 0.57 0.34 1.11 2.05 2.24 0.65 0.30 1.94 2.91 2.10 6.16 13.67 49.89 75.28 22.07 17.27 17.89 16.55 13.13 1.06 53.38 20.05 1.37 4.54 29.02 12.26 3.00 2.24 3.17 49.89 68.39 3.38 8.13 26.46 2.27 63.18 25.48 8.05 28.70 1.04 0.82 68.20 18.08 9.38 1.25 11.57 6.16 11.64 49.89 75.28 22.07 17.27 17.89 14.04 12.80 1.06 52.39 18.89 1.10 4.54 19.67 0.42 2.04 49.89 66.06 2.93 8.13 25.61 2.27 63.18 17.73 8.05 26.49 0.52 0.82 54.65 18.08 - 2.10 2.03 2.51 0.33 0.99 1.16 0.27 9.35 11.84 3.00 0.20 3.17 2.33 0.45 0.85 7.75 2.21 0.52 13.55 9.38 1.25 11.57 - 53% 38% 21% 25% 47% 20% 1% 2% 91% 31% 36% 50% 21% 28% 16% 56% 23% 19% 34% 33% 62% 47% 93% 19% - S6c Trdng Son La Thdi Binh Thdi Nguyen Thanh Hoa Tidn Giang Trd Vinh TT Hud Tuyen Quang Vinh Phuc Yen Bdi Tp Cdn Tho’ Tp Dd Nang Tp Hd Noi Tp Hai Phong Tp HCM Uy ban Dan toe Vien KH&CN VN VP Qudc hoi 30.21 31.43 1.05 27.83 91.05 2.00 23.37 221.36 24.21 96.96 2.19 108.22 169.62 914.72 594.77 2,168.25 50.00 6.54 16.10 18.00 31.43 26.33 91.05 20.92 213.34 24.21 96.96 2.19 107.30 169.62 912.90 594.54 2,166.69 50.00 - 12.21 1.05 1.50 2.00 2.45 8.02 0.92 1.82 0.23 1.56 6.54 16.10 6.15 12.96 5.72 1.80 10.85 22.47 7.84 0.44 38.59 27.83 130.65 50.05 863.30 1.62 4.65 6.15 12.96 5.72 10.65 22.47 7.84 0.44 38.59 27.83 130.27 50.05 862.76 - 1.80 0.20 0.38 0.53 1.62 4.65 24.05 18.47 1.05 27.83 85.32 0.21 12.52 198.89 24.21 89.12 1.75 69.63 141.79 784.07 544.72 1,304.96 50.00 4.92 11.46 11.84 18.47 26.33 85.32 10.27 190.87 24.21 89.12 1.75 68.71 141.79 782.62 544.49 1,303.93 50.00 - 12.21 1.05 1.50 0.21 2.25 8.02 20% 41% 6% 46% 10% 1.44 0.23 1.03 8% 20% 36% 16% 14% 8% 40% 4.92 11.46 25% 29% 0.92