Luận văn các giải pháp chủ yếu nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả thực hiện chính sách xoá đói giảm nghèo ở các huyện nghèo vùng tây bắc

MUC LUC Trang DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT VA KY HIEU DANH MUC CAC BANG, BIEU, SO DO, HINH VE TOM TAT LUAN VAN LOlMO DAU 1 Ly chon de tai Muc dich nghien ciru Doi tuong va pham vi nghien cuu CHUONG 1: TONG QUAN CO SO LY LUAN VA THUC TIEN VE CAC CHINH SACH XOA DOI GIAM NGHEO VIET NAM 1.1 Cac van de ly luan chung ve ngheo doi 1.1.1 Cac khai niem ve ngheo doi 1.1.2 Cac nguyen nhan dan den ngheo doi 1.2 Nhumg van de ly luan ve chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo 1.2.1 Khai niem chinh sach va chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo 1.2.2 Dac diem cua chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo 1.2.3 Vai tro cua chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo .10 1.2.4 He thong to chuc thuc hien chinh sach noi chung va chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo noi rieng 11 1.3 He thong cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo ff Viet Nam 13 1.3.1 Nhom chinh sach, du an tao dieu kien cho ngudi ngheo phat trien san xuat, tang thu nhap 13 1.3.2 Nhom chinh sach tao co hoi de ngudi ngheo tiep can vdi cac dich vu xa hoi 26 1.3.3 Nhom du an nang cao nang lire va nhan thuc 32 1.4 Cac chi tieu danh gia ket qua va hieu qua thtfc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo 43 1.4.1 Cac chi tieu danh gia ket qua va hieu qua thirc hien timg chinh sach 43 1.4.2 Cac chi tieu danh gia ket qua va hieu qua chung thuc hien he thong cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo 45 CHUONG 2: DANH GIA TINH HINH THUC HIEN CAC CHINH SACH XOA DOI GIAM NGHEO VUNG TAY BAC VIET NAM 46 2.1 Dieu kien tir nhien, kinh te va xa hoi cua vimg Tay Bac anh hirotig den ngheo doi va thuc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo 46 2.1.1 Dieu kien tu nhien 46 2.1.2 Dieu kien kinh te - xa hoi 46 2.1.3 Danh gia chung thuan lod va kho khan doi vdi thuc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo d vung Tay bac 48 2.2 Tinh hinh thuc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo nhirng nam qua o’ cac huyen ngheo vung Tay Bac 50 2.2.1 Tinh hinh thuc hien chinh sach ho tro phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cac xa dac biet kho khan vung dan toe thieu so va mien nui (Chuong trinh 135) .50 2.2.2 Tinh hinh thirc hien chinh sach ho tro dat san xuat, dat b, nha b va nubc sinh hoat cho ho dan toe thieu so ngheo, doi song kho khan 63 2.2.3 Tinh hinh thirc hien chinh sach day nghe cho ngubi ngheo 76 2.2.4 Tinh hinh thirc hien chinh sach ho tro y te cho ngubi ngheo 83 2.2.5 Tinh hinh thirc hien chinh sach ho tro giao due cho ngubi ngheo 92 2.3.1 Ket qua thirc hien chung cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo cac huyen ngheo vung Tay Bac 99 2.3.2 Hieu qua thirc hien he thong cac chinh sach, du an xoa doi giam ngheo 101 2.4 Nhung ton tai, han die viec thirc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo va nguyen nhan 104 2.4.1 Nhung ton tai va han che thirc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo 104 2.4.2 Nguyen nhan 106 CHU*ONG 3: CAC GIAI PHAP NHAM NANG CAO HIEU QUA THUC HIEN CAC CHINH SACH XOA DOI GIAM NGHEO O CAC HUYEN NGHEO VUNG TAY BAC VIET NAM 108 3.1 Quan diem, muc ticu cua nha nubc ve viec xoa doi giam ngheo nhanh va ben vung ff cac huyen ngheo nhirng nam tdi 108 3.1.1 Quan diem 108 3.1.2 Muc tieu 109 3.2 Cac giai phap nham nang cao hieu qua there hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo ff cac huyen ngheo vung Tay Bac Viet Nam 110 3.2.1 Hoan thienhe thong cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo 110 3.2.2 Thirc hien long ghep cac chinh sach cong tac xoa doi giam ngheo 116 3.2.3 Tang cirbng nguon lire dau tir thuc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo 118 3.2.4 Tang cubng giam sat, danh gia viec thuc hien cac chinh sach giam ngheo 118 3.2.5 Dao tao chuyen mon nghiep vu cho doi ngu can bo thirc hien chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo 119 3.2.6 Nang cao nhan thuc, tinh tu chu cua ngubi thu hubng chinh sach 121 3.2.7 Xay dung co che phan hoi chinh sach nham sua doi, hoan thien chinh sach cho phu hop vbi thuc tien 121 KET LUAN 122 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 124 DANH MUC CAC CH# VIET TAT VA KY HIEU STT KY HIEU NOIDUNG ATK An toan khu BHYT Bao hiem y te CSHT Cor so tang DFID Bo Phat trien quoc te Vuong quoc Anh DTTS Dan toc thieu so DBKK Dac biet kho khan GD&DT Giao duc va Dao tao KCB Kham chua benh r~ - ~ - o Khuyen nong - lam - ngu va ho trq phat trien san A > KN-PTSX xuat, phat trien nganh nghe 10 LDTBXH Lao dong - Thuong binh va Xa hoi 11 NN&PTNT Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon 12 PTCS Pho thong co so 13 PTTH Pho thong trung hoc 14 THCS Trung hoc co so 15 TNVN Tieng noi Viet Nam 16 TTCP Thu tuong Chinh phu 17 TTCX Trung tam cum xa 18 TW Trung uong 19 SKG Sach giao khoa DANH MUC CAC BANG, BIEU, SO DO, HINH VE Trang Bang 1.1: Danh sach cac huyen co ty le ho ngheo cao Bang 1.2: He thong chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo Viet Nam 38 Bang 1.3: Chi tieu danh gia ket qua va hieu qua thirc hien tirng chinh sach XDGN 43 Bang 1.4: Chi tieu danh gia ket qua va hieu qua chung thirc hien he thong cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo 45 Bieu 2.1: Nguon luc dau tir cho Chuong trinh 135 (tir nam 1998-2008) Bieu 2.2: Kinh phi thirc hien Chuong trinh 135 (2006-2008) Bieu 2.3: Ket qua nam (1999-2005) thirc hien du an xay dung co so tang, Chuang trinh 135 Bieu 2.4: Ket qua thuc hien du an co so tang mot so huyen ngheo Tay Bac (2006-2008) Bieu 2.5: Ket qua thuc hien du an ho trq phat trien san xuat viing Tay Bac nam 2006-2008 51 53 55 57 58 60 Bieu 2.7: Hieu qua tang cac hieu ngheo Tay Bac (2005, 2008) 61 Bieu 2.8: Kinh phi thuc hien Quyet dinh 134 d viing Tay Bac giai doan 200566 2008 Bieu 2.9: Tinh hinh thuc hien ho trg nha d theo Quyet dinh 134 (tir nam 200469 2008) Viing Tay Bac Bieu 2.10: Tinh hinh thirc hien ho trg dat d theo Quyet dinh 134 (tir nam 200470 2008) Viing Tay Bac Bieu 2.11: Tinh hinh thirc hien ho trg dat san xuat cho ho dan toe thieu so ngheo (2004-2008) 71 Bieu 2.12: Ket qua thuc hien Quyet dinh 134 tai mot so huyen ngheo Tay Bac 73 Bieu 2.13: Ty le ho dune sir dung nude sinh hoat hop ve sinh d cac huyen ngheo Tay Bdc (2005-2008) 74 Bieu 2.14: Nguon luc thuc hien du an day nghe cho ngudi ngheo nam 2007 2008 (Ngan sach TW) 78 Bieu 2.15: Ket qua dao tao nghe cho ngudi ngheo vung Tay Bac nam 20072008 80 Bieu 2.16: Ket qua thuc hien chinh sach ho trq y te cho ngudi ngheo vung Tay Bac giai doan 2001-2005 88 Bieu 2.17: Ket qua ho trq chinh sach y te nam 2006-2008 tai vung Tay Bac 89 Bieu 2.18: Chi tieu hieu qua y te tai cac huyen ngheo vung Tay Bac (20052008) 90 Bieu 2.19: Ket qua thuc hien chinh sach ho trq giao due cho ngudi ngheo Vung Tay Bac giai doan 2001-2005 96 Bieu 2.20: Chi tieu hieu qua giao due tai cac huyen ngheo vung Tay Bac (20052008) 98 Bieu 2.21: Ty le ho ngheo nam 2005 va 2008 cac tinh thuoc vung Tay Bac 100 Bieu 2.22: Ty le ho ngheo cac huyen ngheo vung Tay Bac (2005-2008) 101 Bieu 2.23: Nguon von dau tu xoa doi giam ngheo vung Tay Bac (2006-2008) 102 Bieu 2.24: Toe tang trudng kinh te va Thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi d cac huyen ngheo Tay Bac (2005-2008) 103 So 1.1: He thong to chuc thuc hien chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo 12 So 2.1: To chuc trien khai thuc hien Quyet dinh so 139/2002/QD-TTg 85 Hinh 2.1: Ty phan bo kinh phi thuc hien Chuong trinh 135 (2006-2008) (%) 53 Hinh 2.2: Ty cong trinh va von dau tu xay dung cac cong trinh 1999-2005 56 w TRUONG DAI KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ HOC ■ 9OS>CQcSCC8 LEU THI• MINH HANH * CAC GIAI PHAP CHU YEU NHAM NANG CAO HIEU QUA - 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THUC HIEN CHINH SACH XOA 001 GIAM NGHEO CAC HUYEN NGHEO VUNG TAY BAC VIET NAM CHUYEN NGANH: KINH T# NONG NGHIIP VA PHAT TRPN NONG THON TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • IIA NOI, NAM 2009 • i L()I MO DAU Ly chon de tai Xoa doi, giam ngheo la chu truong, quyet sach Ion, nhat quan cua Dang va Nha nude chien lupc phat trien kinh te- xa hoi, nham tirng birdc thu hep sir chenh lech ve muc song gitra cac vung, mien ca nude, dac biet la giira mien nui vdi dong bang, thi, cai thien doi song vat chat tinh than cho ngudi ngheo, dong bao cac dan toe vung cao Trong nhirng nam qua, Dang, Nha nude va nhan dan ta da tap trung nguon lire, thuc hien nhieu chinh sach de phat trien kinh te, xoa doi giam ngheo va da dat dupe nhieu tiru quan Ty le ho ngheo cua ca nude giam dan tir 20 % dau nam 2006 xuong 14,75 % vao cuoi nam 2007; bo mat nong thon mien nui da co nhieu khdi sac, doi song cua ngudi ngheo dupe cai thien ro ret, xoa doi giam ngheo da gop phan thuc day tang truong kinh te ben vung va giai quyet tot cac van de xa hoi, duoc cong dong quoc te ghi nhan va danh gia cao Tuy nhien, ket qua giam ngheo chua thirc sir ben vung, edn co khoang each chenh lech Ion ve mire song giua cac viing, nhom dan cu; dac biet la cac tinh mien nui, viing cao, bien gidi Viing Tay Bac nude ta co tinh la Son La, Lai Chau, Dien Bien va Hoa Binh thi co den tinh vdi 14 huyen co ty le ho ngheo cao nhat ca nude Nguyen nhan chinh dan den toe giam ngheo cham va tai ngheo cao tai cac huyen thudng xuyen xay ra, phan dong la dong bao dan toe thieu so De thuc hien dupe muc tieu cong bang xa hoi, phat trien dong deu giira cac viing mien ca nude, dac biet la cac huyen mien nui, bien gidi, Nha nude can tang cudng cac bien phap thuc hien co hieu qua cac chinh sach kinh te xa hoi, co chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo Trong boi canh khung hoang kinh te the gidi va khu vuc da va dang dien ra, xoa doi giam ngheo nhanh va ben vung tai cac huyen ngheo lai trd nen cap bach hem, vay toi chon nghien ciru de tai "Cac giai phap nham ii nang cao hieu qua thuc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo d cac huyen ngheo vung Tay Bac Viet Nam" Muc dich nghien ciru Muc dich nghien cuu cua de tai la: + Khai quat co so ly luan ve ngheo doi va cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo d Viet Nam + Danh gia ket qua va hieu qua thuc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo d cac huyen ngheo vung Tay Bac nhung nam qua vdi nhung tun, han che va nguyen nhan + De xuat nhung giai phap nham nang cao hieu qua thuc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo d cac huyen ngheo d vung Tay Bac Viet Nam Doi tirqng va pham vi nghien ciru Doi tuqng nghien cuu la chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo va tinh hinh thuc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo d cac huyen ngheo vung Tay Bac Viet Nam Pham vi nghien cuu: Viec phan tich, danh gia chinh sach noi chung va chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo noi rieng tren ca hai phuong dien: 1) Hoach dinh chinh sach; 2) To chuc thuc hien chinh sach Tuy nhien, pham vi nghien cuu cua de tai tac gia chi tap trung nghien cuu, danh gia tinh hinh thuc hien mot so chinh sach giam ngheo d cac huyen ngheo vung Tay Bac Viet Nam nhung nam qua dac biet la tir 2006 den Cu the la chinh sach ho trq phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cac xa dac biet kho khan vung dan toe, mien nui (hop phan xay dung co so tang va ho trq phat trien san xuat); chinh sach ho trq dat san xuat, dat d, nha d va nude sinh boat cho cac ho dan toe thieu so ngheo, doi song kho khan; chinh sach day nghe cho ngudi ngheo; chinh sach ho trq ve y te cho ngudi ngheo; chinh sach ho trq ve giao due cho ngudi ngheo 114 che bien, kinh doanh tren dia ban huyen ngheo: + Duqc hudng cac dieu kien thuan loi va uu dai cao nhat theo quy dinh hien hanh cua nha nude; + Ddi vdi co sd che bien nong, lam, thuy san dau tu tren dia ban cac huyen ngheo duqc ngan sach nha nudc ho trq 50% lai suat tien vay tai ngan hang thuong mai nha nudc - Ho trq moi huyen 100 trieu dong/nam de xue tien thuong mai, quang ba, gidi thieu san pham, nhat la nong, lam, thuy dac san cua dia phuong; thong tin thi trudng cho nong dan r y t - Khuyen khich, tao dieu kien va co chinh sach uu dai thu hut cac to chuc, nha khoa hoc true tiep nghien cuu, ung dung, chuyen giao tien bo khoa hoc cong nghe d dia ban, nhat la viec tuyen chon, chuyen giao giong cay trong, giong vat nuoi cho san xuat d cac huyen ngheo - Chinh sach xuat khau lao dong: ho trq dao tao nghe, dao tao ngoai ngu, boi dudng van hoa, dao tao dinh hudng (bao gom ca an, d, di lai, trang cap ban dau, chi phi lam thu tuc va cho vay von uu dai) de lao dong cac huyen ngheo tham gia xuat khau lao dong; phan dau moi nam dua khoang 7.500 - 8.000 lao dong d cac huyen ngheo di lam viec d ngoai nudc (binh quan 10 lao dong/xa) * Chinh sach giao due, dao tao, day nghe, nang cao dan tri - Chinh sach giao due, dao tao, nang cao mat bang dan tri: bo tri du giao vien cho cac huyen ngheo; ho trq xay dung nha "ban tru dan nuoi”, nha d cho giao vien d cac thon, ban; xay dung trudng Dan toc noi tru cap huyen theo hudng lien thong vdi cac cap hpc d huyen (co ca he thong trung hoc noi tru) de dap ung nhu cau dao tao nguon can bo tai cho cho cac huyen ngheo; tang cudng, md rong chinh sach dao tao uu dai theo hinh thuc cu tuyen va theo dia chi cho hoc sinh ngudi dan toc thieu so, uu tien cac chuyen nganh nong nghiep, lam nghiep, y te, ke hoach hoa gia dinh, dao tao giao vien thon, ban, trq giup phap ly de nang cao nhan thuc phap luat 115 - Tang cudng day nghe gan vdi tao viec lam: dau tu xay dung moi huyen 01 co sd day nghe tong hop duoc hudng cac chinh sach uu dai, co nha d noi tru cho hoc vien de to chuc day nghe tai cho cho lao dong nong thon ve san xuat nong, lam, ngu nghiep, nganh nghe phi nong nghiep; day nghe tap trung de dua lao dong nong thon di lam viec tai cac doanh nghiep va xuat khau lao dong - Chinh sach dao tao can bo tai cho: dao tao doi ngu can bo chuyen mon, can bo y te co sd cho em d cac huyen ngheo tai cac trudng dao tao cua Bo Quoc phong; uu tien tuyen chon quan nhan hoan nghia vu quan sir la ngudi cua dia phuong de dao tao, bo sung can bo cho dia phuong - Chinh sach dao tao, nang cao nang luc cho doi ngu can bo co sd: to chuc tap huan, dao tao ngan han, dai han cho doi ngu can bo co sd thon, ban, xa, huyen ve kien thuc quan ly kinh te - xa hoi; xay dung va quan ly chuong trinh, du an; ky nang xay dung va to chuc thuc hien ke hoach - Tang cudng nguon luc thuc hien chinh sach dan so va ke hoach hoa gia dinh Day manh cong tac truyen thong, van dong ket hop cung cap cac dich vu ke hoach hoa gia dinh de nang cao chat luong dan so cua cac huyen ngheo * Chinh sach can bo doi vdi cac huyen ngheo - Thirc hien chinh sach luan chuyen va tang cudng can bo tinh, huyen ve xa dam nhan cac cuong vi lanh dao chu chot de to chuc trien khai thuc hien co che, chinh sach ddi vdi cac huyen ngheo; thuc hien che tro cap ban dau doi vdi can bo thuoc dien luan chuyen; cd che tien luong, phu cap va chinh sach bo nhiem, bo tri cong tac sau hoan nhiem vu - Cd chinh sach hd tru va che dai ngo thoa dang de thu hut, khuyen khich tri thuc tre ve tham gia to cong tac tai cac xa thuoc huyen ngheo * Chinh sach, co che dau tu cu sd tang d ca thon, ban, xa va huyen - Day nhanh thirc hien quy hoach cac diem dan cu d nhung nui co dieu kien va nhung noi thudng xay thien tai; nang cao hieu qua dau tu 116 - Sir dung nguon von dau tu phat trien can doi ngan sach hang nam (bao gom von can doi ngan sach dia phuong va ho tro tu ngan sach trung uong), von trai phieu Chinh phu, von tu cac chuang trinh, du an, von ODA de uu tien dau tu cho cac cong trinh tang kinh te - xa hoi sau day: + Doi vdi cap huyen: truong trung hoc thong; trudng Dan toc noi tru huyen (bao gom ca nha d cho hoc sinh) co quy mo dap ung nhu cau hoc tap cua em ddng bao dan toc thieu sd tren dia ban; cu sd day nghe tong hup huyen (bao gom ca nha d cho hoc vien); benh vien huyen, benh vien khu vuc, trung tam y te dir phong huyen dat tieu chuan; trung tam dich vu tong hop ve nong, lam, ngu nghiep; cac cong trinh thuy loi quy md cap huyen, lien xa; dudng giao thdng tu tinh den huyen, tir trung tam huyen tdi xa, lien xa; cac trung tam cum xa; ca kinh phi sira chua, nang cap, tu, bao dudng cac cong trinh da duoc dau tu) d tat ca cac xa tren dia ban huyen (trir thi tran), bao gom: trudng hoc (ldp hoc, trudng hoc, ke ca trudng mam non, ldp mau giao, nha d ban tru dan nuoi, nha d cho giao vien); tram y te xa dat tieu chuan (gom ca nha d cho nhan vien y te); dudng giao thdng lien thon, ban, dudng vao cac khu kinh te, san xuat tap trung (gom ca cau, cong); thuy lui phuc vu tudi va tieu cho san xuat nong nghiep (kenh muung noi ddng va thuy lui nho); dien phuc vu san xuat va dan sinh; cong trinh nudc sinh hoat (tap trung hoac phan tan, dao gieng, xay be); chu trung tam xa; tram chuyen tiep phat xa; nha van hda xa, thon, ban; xu ly chat thai, tao mat bang cac cum cong nghiep, lang nghe 3.2.2 Thuc hien long ghep cac chinh sach cong tac xoa doi giam ngheo - Xac dinh dung ddi tuung thu hudng cua tirng chinh sach, tranh sir chong cheo giua cac chinh sach - Long ghep nguon von, cac ddi tuong mot each co hieu qua bang viec xay dung cac cu che long ghep viec thuc hien cac chinh sach De thuc hien xoa ddi giam ngheo nhanh va ben virng tai cac huyen ngheo, Dang va Nha da dau tu nguon luc thdng 117 qua rat nhieu cac chuong trinh dir an, de dam bao thuc hien dung muc tieu de ra, tranh ban Doi tuong long ghep: Cac nguon von tu NSNN, von trai phieu chinh phu, von nudc ngoai, von tin dung dau tu phat trien cua Nha nudc, cac khoan ddng gop va ho tro cua cac to chuc xa hoi, doanh nghiep, ngudi dan va cac nguon tai chinh hop phap khac de thuc hien Chuong trinh giam ngheo nhanh va ben vung cap huyen Nguyen tac long ghep: + Viec long ghep bao gom long ghep cac nguon von tren dia ban de thuc hien mot chuong trinh, dir an dau tu hoac long ghep cac nguon von tren dia ban de thuc hien nhieu chuong trinh du an dau tu; + Viec thuc hien long ghep cac nguon von dupe the hien cu the va xac dinh thu tu uu tien ke hoach von dau tu phat trien hang nam cua huyen, phu hop vdi Chuong trinh giam ngheo nhanh va ben vung cap huyen duoc phe duyet + Viec long ghep cac nguon von duoc thirc hien theo quy trinh bat dau tir khau lap ke hoach, giao ke hoach, theo doi giam sat va danh gia thuc hien Cac Bo, nganh, co quan can cu vao chuc nang, nhiem vu cua minh thirc hien hudng dan long ghep doi tirqng, nguon von tren dia ban cac huyen ngheo a r \ r Viec long ghep ddi tupng can thiet phai dupe nghien cuu, hudng dan kip thdi, tao dieu kien cho dia phuong thuc hien cac muc tieu xoa doi giam ngheo da de Chang han nhu cung mot chinh sach day nghe cho ddi tupng lao dong nong thon va lao dong ngheo, ngudi ngheo song tai nong thon cung thuoc ddi tupng day nghe cho lao dong nong thon, ho cd the tham gia mot hai ldp day nghe cho lao dong nong thon hoac cho lao dong ngheo Tuy nhien tai nhieu dia phuong, cong tac day nghe cho ngudi ngheo gap nhieu kho khan cong tac tuyen sinh, sd lupng ngudi ngheo dang ky tham gia thap, dan den chi phi md ldp cao, nhung khong dupe su dung nguon von day nghe cho ngudi ngheo sang day nghe cho lao dong nong thon 118 3.2.3 Tang cudng nguon lire dau tie thirc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo - Cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo duoc thirc hien bang nhieu nguon kinh phi khac nhau, nhu: Ngan sach nha nuoc, von trai phieu chinh phu, von nuoc ngoai, von tin dung dau tu phat trien cua Nha nuoc, Chinh quyen dia phuong can tap trung cac nguon luc dau tu cho chuong trinh giam ngheo cua tinh, huyen, dau tu tap trung diem, tranh that thoat lang phi Can tien hanh cong tac quy hoach, xay dung ke hoach chi tiet, khoa hoc, dua cac muc tieu diem vdi cac nguon lire kern theo, tren co sd tap trung nguon lire cac chuong trinh dir an de thuc hien muc tieu - Ben canh nguon von tir ngan sach nha nudc can huy dong von dau tu cua cac to chuc, doanh nghiep tren dia ban Keu goi, tao co che cho cac doanh nghiep dau tu san xuat kinh doanh vao cac the manh cua huyen, viing - Long ghep cac nguon luc tren dia ban cung la mot giai phap htru hieu nham tang cudng nguon luc dau tu, nang cao hieu qua thuc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo 3.2.4 Tang cudng giam sat, danh gid viec thirc hien cac chinh sach giam ngheo - Giam sat, danh gia tir trung uong den dia phuong, tren moi cap, nganh thuc hien cong tac giam ngheo Dac biet la tai co sd Cong tac giam sat danh gia khong chi tap trung danh gia viec dat duoc cac chi tieu dinh luong ma can phai quan tam den ket qua, tac dong cua cac hoat dong chinh sach du an ddi vdi chat luong doi song va cong tac giam ngheo Kien toan Ban chi dao xoa ddi giam ngheo cac cap, xay dung quy che hoat dong Ban chi dao can cu vao tinh hinh mdi cua huyen Thanh lap cac Ban giam sat, to giam sat qua trinh trien khai thirc hien cac chinh sach du an xoa doi giam ngheo, thudng xuyen theo ddi, kiem tra, sau sat co sd, bao cao cap tren kip thdi xu ly 119 - Nha nuoc da ban hanh Khung giam sat, danh gia va Cac chi tieu theo doi, danh gia cap tinh Moi tinh tu ban hanh cac chi tieu theo doi, danh gia cap huyen, xa theo dac thu cua tinh minh - Ben canh cung can co cac che tai xu ly doi voi nhung trudng hop vi pham quan ly va thuc hien trien khai cac chinh sach giam ngheo Uy ban nhan dan tinh chiu trach nhiem truc tiep, toan dien ve chat luong, tien do, hieu qua cua cac chinh sach du an tren dia ban, chinh vi vay, hang nam Uy ban nhan dan tinh can can cu vao dieu kien thuc te cua dia phuong, muc tieu cua chinh sach de chi dao cac huyen xay dung chi tieu dat duoc theo tien tang nam, tung giai doan de lam co so giam sat danh gia ket qua tren dia ban tung huyen, xa va toan tinh; Uy ban nhan dan tinh chi dao cac co quan, don vi, cac huyen thudng xuyen to chuc kiem tra viec thuc hien, co quan thudng truc chu tri de xuat ke hoach, noi dung kiem tra, giup Uy ban nhan dan tinh tong hop, bao cao ket qua danh gia thuc hien Chuong trinh, chinh sach, du an; tao dieu kien Hoi dong nhan dan cac cap dia phuong, Mat tran to quoc va co quan doan the xa hoi cac cap, cong dong tham gia giam sat va phoi hop giam sat thuc hien 3.2.5 Dao tao chityen mon nghiejj ng cho (toi ngu can bo thnc hien chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo Tap trung boi duong nang cao nang luc quan ly, ky thuat chuyen mon nghiep vu cho can bo co so, nhat la can bo thon, ban, thong qua cac hinh thuc sau: - To chuc cac lop tap huan chuyen mon nghiep vu cho cac can bo thuc hien chinh sach giam ngheo tai dia phuong Dao tao doi ngu can bo nguon tu chinh nhung ngudi ban dia Hang nam, cac co quan chuc nang can tap trung von dao tao can bo co so (tu Chuong trinh muc tieu quoc gia giam ngheo, Chuong trinh 135 ), len ke hoach dao tao, xay dung noi dung dao tao phu hop voi trinh do, nhan thuc cua can bo va yeu cau thuc te cua dia phuong De co the xoa doi giam ngheo nhanh va ben vung o cac huyen ngheo, nang luc va trinh cua can bo co so giu vai tro rat quan trong, day la 120 lire luong nong cot trien khai thirc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo d dia phuong Nhung kien thuc, ky nang ma can bo xoa ddi giam ngheo cdn thieu va yeu la: Chu truong, chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nudc ve chinh sach xoa ddi giam ngheo; ky nang lap ke hoach cd sir tham gia, ky nang phat trien cong ddng Do can tang cudng dao tao, boi dudng can bo giam ngheo vdi nhieu hinh thuc, noi dung phong phu, phuc vu true tiep cho cong tac xoa ddi giam ngheo d dia phuong - To chuc tham quan hoc tap kinh nghiem xoa doi giam ngheo cua cac dia phuong thirc hien cong Hang nam, to chuc danh gia tong ket thuc hien chinh sach xoa ddi giam ngheo tren dia ban, phat hien, nhan rong cac dien hinh lam tot cong tac xoa ddi giam ngheo - Bd tri can bo chuyen trach thirc hien cong tac xoa doi giam ngheo Viec bd tri can bo chuyen trach thirc hien cong tac xoa ddi giam ngheo d cap huyen, xa se lam tang bien che, tang chi thudng xuyen ngan sach nha nudc Chinh vi vay nhieu nam qua, cac dia phuong, co quan lao dong - thuong binh va xa hoi da de nghi bd tri can bo chuyen trach thirc hien cong tac xoa ddi giam ngheo nhung khong duoc chap thuan De cd the thuc hien tot cac chinh sach xoa ddi giam ngheo, viec tang cudng can bo cd the ap dung theo hinh thuc cong tac vien, cd co che tao dieu kien cho cac cong tac vien tham gia tich circ, tranh tinh trang nhu cong tac vien dan sd bd viec nhu hien Day cung chi la giai phap tam thoi, vi xa hoi cang phat trien, muc song gitra cac vung, mien cd sir chenh lech nen sd ngudi ngheo chi giam di ve sd tuyet ddi, tang len theo sd tuong ddi (Lam phat tang cao, dac biet la nam 2008 da lam cho nhieu ho gia dinh vira thoat ngheo thu nhap cua ho da cao hon 200.000d/ngudi/thang d nong thon hoac 260.000d/ngudi/thang d thi lai tro ho ngheo ve mat tuong ddi) Cong tac xoa ddi giam ngheo gan lien vdi ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua dia phuong, cua dat nudc, do ve lau dai can cd can bo chuyen trach thirc hien cong tac xoa ddi giam ngheo 121 3.2.6 Nang cao nhan thicc, tinh tw chu cua nguoi thu huong chinh sach - Tuyen truyen, bien chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo den tan cac xa, thon, ban: To chuc tap huan chinh sach, hoac thong qua phat thanh, truyen hinh, to rod tuyen truyen chu truong chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nudc ve thuc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo de ngudi dan hieu duoc quyen va loi ich cua minh, tu chu dong viec thuc hien cac chinh sach - Thanh lap cac to, nhom ho cd cung nguyen nhan ngheo, phuong hudng san xuat giup xoa ddi giam ngheo (nhom ho vay von phat trien san xuat, nhom ho san xuat cay cao su, nhom ho che ) - Phat trien manh cac cau lac bo tro giup phap ly cho nguoi ngheo den tan xa, thon, ban - Neu guong dien hinh ho ngheo vuon len thoat ngheo tu chu san xuat, kinh doanh tang thu nhap, de khoi day long tu cua ngudi ngheo, xoa bo tu tuong cho, y nai vao chinh sach cua nha nudc 3.2.7 Xay (lung ca che phan hoi chinh sach nham sira doi, hoan thien chinh sach cho phu hop vdi thuc tien - To chuc tuyen truyen chu truong chinh sach nha nudc di ddi vdi viec tiep nhan, truyen dat cac y kien phan hoi cua ngudi dan (doi tupng thu hudng) va ngudi to chuc thuc hien - Xay dung co che phan hoi chinh sach tir ngudi dan den chinh quyen dia phuong, trung uong, Chinh phu Ngay tir khau soan thao chinh sach, co quan soan thao da phai xin y kien sau rong den cac tang ldp nhan dan thong qua cac cap chinh quyen dia phuong, qua he thong cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung, de hoan thien chinh sach tir khau soan thao Ben canh do, qua trinh to chuc thuc hien chinh sach can tang cudng khau theo doi, kiem tra giam sat, tiep tuc lay y kien cua ngudi dan, ngudi thu hudng, ngudi true tiep thi hanh chinh sach de bo sung, sua ddi kip thdi 122 KET LUAN Ban chat ngheo doi d Viet Nam thay doi, chuyen tir doi ngheo bien sang doi ngheo cue bo, roi vao cac nhom ngudi sinh song d mien nui, vung sau vung xa, dan den sir can thiet phai cd nhung bien phap can thiep cd muc tieu, cu the chinh xac va dac thu hon ddi vdi tirng vung, timg dia ban, dac biet la cac huyen ty le ho ngheo cao Tren co sd khai quat co sd ly luan va thuc tien ve cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo d Viet Nam; qua nghien cuu cac tai lieu lien quan, so lieu cung cap tu Cue Bao trq xa hoi, Sd Lao dong - Thuong binh va Xa hoi tinh Son La, Lai Chau, Dien Bien, Hoa Binh va cac huyen ngheo tren dia ban, tac gia da tap trung danh gia tinh hinh thuc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo d vung Tay Bac Viet Nam Tay Bac la mot tam vung Ianh tho, kinh te cua ca nudc Ty le ho ngheo cua vung Tay Bac cao nhat so vdi cac vung khac Mac du da duoc Nha nudc quan tam dau tu nhieu chuong trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, nhung xuat phat diem thap, hien cac chinh sach xoa ddi giam ngheo chua cao, Tay Bac chiem tdi 14/62 huyen ngheo nhat ca nudc Qua trinh to chuc thuc hien chinh sach xoa ddi giam ngheo tai cac huyen ngheo vung Tay Bac co nhung ton tai han che ve long ghep cac chinh sach, sir phoi ket hop giua cac ben lien quan; Cong tac tuyen truyen cac che do, chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nudc tai mot so ban, xa chua duqc thudng xuyen, viec xac dinh tieu chi va binh xet ho ngheo chua chinh xac; doi ngu can bo thuc hien chinh sach xoa ddi giam ngheo yeu ve trinh kien thuc, nang luc chuyen mon; Cong tac kiem tra, giam sat danh gia chi tap trung dat duqc cac chi tieu dinh luqng, chua quan tam den ket qua hoac tac dong cua cac hoat dong dir an ddi vdi chat luqng ddi song va cong tac giam ngheo; Nhan thuc cua nhan dan nhat la ngudi ngheo ve Chuong trinh muc tieu quoc gia giam ngheo chua day du, tam ly y nai vao Nha nudc, chua co y thuc tu luc but pha vuon len 123 De khac phuc duac nhung tdn tai han che va nang cao hieu qua thuc hien cac chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo thoi gian tdi, cac huyen ngheo vung Tay Bac Viet Nam can tang cudng cong tac to chuc thuc hien long ghep, giam sat danh gia, tang cudng nguon luc, dao tao chuyen mon nghiep vu cho doi ngu can bo thuc hien chinh sach xoa ddi giam ngheo va tuyen truyen nang cao nhan thuc, tinh tu chu cua ngudi ngheo Ben canh do, Nha nudc cung can hoan thien he thdng chinh sach xoa ddi giam ngheo theo hudng sua doi, bo sung cac chinh sach hien hanh (md rong doi tuong thu hudng, nang muc ho tru, muc dau tu) va cd nhung chinh sach dac thu cho cac huyen ngheo 124 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Tieng Viet Ban chi dao Tay Bac (2008), De cuang de an chinh sach ho tra dac biet ve r \ kinh te nham thuc hien xoa ddi giam ngheo va xoa bo tinh trang du canh, di cu tu cua ngudi Mdng, Yen Bai Le Xuan Ba, Chu Tien Quang, Nguyen Huu Tien, Le Xuan Dinh (2001), Ngheo ddi va xoa doi giam ngheo d Viet Nam, Nxb Nong nghiep, Ha Noi Bao cao Phat trien Viet Nam 2004 (2003), Ngheo, Ha Noi Bo Giao thong - 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Thuong binh va Xa hoi, Du an VIE/02/001 (2004), Danh gid tong quan ve he thdng chinh sach bao tra xa hoi hien va dinh huang cho tuang lai (giai doan 2006-2010), Ha Noi 126 22 Uy Ban Dan toc (2009), Tai lieu hoi nghi Tong ket thuc hien Quyet dinh 134/TTg va so ket nam thuc hien Chuong trinh 135 giai doan II, Ha Noi -y r 23 Uy ban nhan dan huyen Bac Yen (2009), De an Ho tro giam ngheo nhanh vd ben vung huyen Bac Yen - tinh Son La giai doan 2009-2020, Bac Yen 24 Uy ban nhan dan huyen Dien Bien Dong (2009), De an phat trien kinh te xa hoi nham giam ngheo nhanh vd ben vung huyen Dien Bien Ddng giai doan 2009- 2020, Dien Bien Dong A r 25 Uy ban nhan dan huyen Mudng Ang (2009), De an phat trien kinh te - xa A >9 hoi nham giam ngheo nhanh vd ben vung huyen Mudng Ang - tinh Dien Bien giai doan 2009-2020, Mudng Ang 26 Uy ban nhan dan huyen Mudng La (2009), De an Ho tro giam ngheo nhanh vd ben vung huyen Mudng La giai doan 2009-2020, Mudng La 27 Uy ban nhan dan huyen Mudng Nhe (2009), De an phat trien kinh te - 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