Nghiên cứu khả năng thích nghi với môi trường kinh doanh của tổng công ty hoá chất vật liệu điện thuộc bộ thương mại

907 IV-TT?S DHKTQD Tiudug Dai hoc kinh te quoc dan Rti$3£R C33 W RHRG T$jC3 RG$3 V&3 3T& TaaffRG K3R» BGrtH® CM TORS CGRS TY 3GH eW vfty iafcs bier n$ Tinh hinh thuc td Tdng cdng ty nhung nam qua cho thay mdt sd dem vi nang dong bidt dieu chinh hoat ddng kinh doanh cua minh trudc nhung thay ddi cua thi trudng nen da gat hai duqc nhung ket qua dang khich Id Nhung bdn canh co nhung don vi hoat dong thua id lidn tuc ca nam 92 va 93 vi du nhu Cdng ty vat lidu didn Hai phong Trong nam 93 Cdng ty vat lidu dien Hai phong Id 105 tridu, Cdng ty vat lidu didn Da nang Id 250 tridu Mdt nhung nguydn nhan chu ydu cua tinh trang thua Id la nang luc quan ly kinh doanh ydu kem dan ddn vide xhv dung va td chuc thuc hidn kd hoach hoat ddng kinh doanh cua don vi thidu nang dong,khdng didu chmh kip thdi vdi nhung thay ddi cua cac tidn dd kd hoach Trdn goc dd toan Tdng cdng ty thi nhung tuu da dat duqc chi la ket qua cua nhung phan ting mang tinh chat thu dong, tuc thdi trudc nhung thay ddi cua mdi trudng kinh doanh Ndu nhu Tdng cdng ty va cac cdng ty quan tarn ddn van de xay dung va td chuc thuc hien cac chien luqc kinh doanh dac diet la cac chidn luqc canh tranh d^ chu ddng ddi vdi nhung thay ddi tuong lai thi ket qua dat duqc chac chan se kha quan hon Trong didu kidn hien , ma canh tranh cang trd nen gay gat thi cac cdng ty lai cang can phai quan tarn hon nua ddn cdng tac xay dung chien luqc coi muc tidu the luc The luc cua don vi la cdng cu de’ dat duqc muc tieu lqi nhuan Ndu don vi chi coi muc tidu lqi nhuan ma khdng coi muc tidu thd luc thi nd se de bi day khei cuoc choi tren rhuong truong Cac dem vi cung can phai co cac chidn luoc du phong cho nhung tinh hudng bat trac co thd xay Dem vi xay dung chidn luoc phai la Tdng cdng ty, vi Tdng cdng ty mdi co xkha nang nam vung John bd thi trudng va co du suc manh dd dao ung hoan toan nhu cau khach hang bao thdng tin d Tdng cdng ty hoa chai - vat lieu dien cdng tac thdng tin mac du duoc tri nhung chi la thdng tin mdt chidu th ngudi lanh dao xudng cap dudi cua minh chu chua co ludng thdng tin lien tuc tu co so ldn trdn Tdng cdng ty thuc hien su kiem tra tai chinh ddi vdi cac cdng ty qui mdt ldn nen thdng tin nam duoc tu cac dem vi la qua it va cham trd Su thidu hut thdng tin, thdng tin lac hau la nguydn nhan lam cho ngudi lanh dao cap trdn khdng nam bat duoc tinh hinh chinh xac va kip thdi do lam han chd kha nang cac quydt dinh dieu hanh cung nhu cac quydt dinh chien luoc Tdng cdng ty can chu tang cudng chd dd bao cao tu co so Ngoai bao cao tdng kdt hoat ddng kinh doanh va bang tdng kdt tai san ma cac don vi xay dung va bao cao ldn Tdng cdng ty hang nam, Tdng cdng ty can ydu cau cac don vi xay dung cac bao cao vd thu nhap va tinh hinh tai chinh tung qui va ca nam Ndi dung cua bao cao thu nhap la phan anh tat ca cac muc vd lai va ld duoc nhan bidt ky Vi du thu nhap vd hoat ddng kinh doanh dang tidp didn, thu nhap tu cac hoat ddng kinh doanh gian doan khac , cac khoan chi phi cho hoat ddng kinh doanh va cac khoan chi khac co ky nhu thu nhap ban tai san, cac khoan lai va ld dac biet cac su kien kinh td va cac hoat ddng giao dich khdng thuong xuydn Thdng qua bao cao thu nhap nguoi lanh dao cd the n ddi thu nhap xac dinh duoc xu thd cua doanh loi va du doan dupe tinh thuc trang tai chinh, cac thdng tin lidn quan ddn cac hoat dong chuc cdng ty ky Bao cao tai chinh phai cung cap thdng tin dd’ co thd danh gia dupe dd ldn, thoi han va tinh khdng chdc chhn cua cac khoan tien thu va chi cua don vi Viec nghien cuu phan tich cac bao cao se giup cho ngudi lanh dao ndm dupe cac thdng tin cd gia tri vd cac xu the va mdi quan hd, chat lupng thu nhap cua don vi, the manh cung nhu mat ydu cua don vi Nam bat kip thoi chinh xac cac thdng tin ve ngudn luc va kha nang hoat ddng kinh doanh se giup cho nha lanh dao tang cudng su danh gia va kidm tra ddi voi ngudn luc cua don vi lam co so cho vide cac quyet dinh chidn luoc phat trien cac co hdi sdng cua nd mdi truong bidn ddng Tdng cdng ty can day manh cdng tac nghien cuu thi trudng va du bao chidn luoc Thuc td cho thay rdng ndu du bao dupe dung ddn thi la yeu td dam bao 50 % cdng tuong lai Tdng cdng ty phai dong vai tro la ngudi td chuc cdng tac nghidn cuu thi trudng, dac biet la nghidn cuu cac thi truong xuat nhap khau Vide nghidn cuu thi trudng ddi hoi tdn nhidu cdng sue va tien cua Neu mdi cdng ty doe lap tien hanh nghien cuu thi truong thi se khdng co loi Giua cac cdng ty nen co mdt su piioi hop va ngudi dung td chuc phai la Tdng cdng ty 3.3 TANG CUCNG NGUON LUC - ’ffiU TO QU?N TRONG QUiET DINH KHA KANG THICH NGHI VOl MOI TRUGNG KINH DO?NH Kha nang thich nghi vdi » zmdi trudng kinh doanh thudc rat nhieu vao ngudn luc cua doanh nghiep D^ tang cudng ngudn luc cho dao tao va va su dung nhan tai Gin phat hien ngudi co nang luc, bd tri ho vao nhung vi tri thich hop de su dung nang luc cua ho vao vide phuc vu cho lpi ich cua don vi Dem vi edn cd kd hoach dao tao, bdi dudng trinh dd chuyen mdn , nghiep vu cho can bo vd lau dai mdt each co hd thdng Khi chua co dii can bd dap ung yeu cdu cua hoat ddng kinh doanh , don vi edn thud cac chuyen gia ve nhung linh vuc yeu kem nhu chuydn gia ve phap luat, chuydn gia vd marketing, cd bien phap thu hut nhung ngudi co nang luc vd lam vide cho dem vi ngan chan hien tupng chay mau chat xam Bdn canh ydu td ngudi, vdn cua dem vi cung la mdt ngudn luc quan Trong didu kidn ngudn von luu ddng cd gidi han Tdng cdng ty va cac cdng ty edn ap dung cac bidn phap dd nang cao hidu qua su dung von ddy manh tdc dd chu chuydn cua vdn Cac cdng ty edn xay dung cac dinh muc tdn kho hpp 11 Tdn kho la didu kidn can thidt cho hoat ddng ban hang nhung muc tdn kho vupt qua ydu cdu se gay tinh trang u dong von va lam phat sinh cac chi phi khac nhu chi phi sut gia cua hang hoa, chi phi cho bao quan hang hoa va hao hut qua trinh bao quan Mot so don vi vi nhung li khac ma 111 kinh doanh Vi du Cdng ty vat lidu didn Da Ndng nam 92 co luc luong tdn kho len ddn ty ddng Vidt Nam (trong vdn luu ddng cua don vi la ty ) Khi ty gia hdi doai duqc nha nudc didu chinh gia ca co xu hudng giam xudng thi muc ldn kho ldn da gay su that thoat ldn lam cho cdng ty bi thua ld Dd dam bao cho luong tdn kho duqc tri muc thap nhat cho phep , cac don vi can lua chon ngudi cung ting cd tien dd giao hang tin cay dam bao sd luong va chat luong hang hoa Trong didu kidn dd luong du tru bao hiem se duqc giam thap din tdi giam luong du tru ndi chung va tranh duqc tdn dong vdn - De tang hidu qua su dung vdn , cac don vi cung edn phai ap dung cac cac bidn phap tich cue dd giam cac khoan no , dac biet la cac khoan no khd doi Nam 1993 Cdng ty vat lidu dien - dung cu co Ha ndi co sd no la ty ddng (chiem hon mdt nua vdn luu ddng cua cdng ty) Cdng ty vat lieu dien phd Hd chi Minh co sd no tdi ty ddng Tinh trang no ndn gay khd khan cho kd hoach tai chinh cua don vi Nhung bien phap tich cue de giam cac khoan cdng no cd the su dung la thudng xuyen kidm tra kha nang toan cua khach hang, qui dinh mdt gidi han tin dung va ludn ludn "canh giac " gidi han Dac biet cin luu y ddn cdng tac kv ket cac hop ddng kinh te Cac didu khoan cua hop ddng cin phai duqc qui dinh chat che ve mat phap ly de tranh cac khoan no phai tranh cai Trong hop ddng nen cd mdt dieu khoan du phong ( vi du nhu bao luu quyen so huu i khach hang Trong thoi gian tdi Tdng cdng ty can khan truong xue tien cdng tac chuan bi, dac biet quan tarn den vide giai quyet nghung van de ldn nhu danh gia tai san hien co.xii ly mdi quan he vd lqi ich giua nha nudc.doanh nghiep va ngudi lao ddng mdt each that cu thd -.13 3.4 TIEP TUC HO AN THIEN BO MAY QUAN LY VA HE THONG CAG PHUONG PHAP QUAN LY Ca cdu bd may td chuc cua,Tdng cdng ty duoc bd tri nhu hidn la hop ly giai doan tnrdc mdt, nhung no cung bdc Id mot sd’ didm cdu phai khac phuc Vi du nhu cac cdng ty cung true thudc Tdng cdng ty nhung vi lai ich rieng cua minh ma tro ddi thu cua Su phln cap vd quan ly tai chinh lam cho sue manh cua Tdng cdng ty bi phan tan va yeu di Khdi luqng hang hoa mua ban ndi bd lam tang sd khau van ddng cua hang hoa, lam phat sinh nhung chi phi bd xung khdng dang co.d cac cac cdng ty chd khoan ddi vdi cac xi nghiep va cac cua hang true thudc lam cho cac dan vi ca sa tranh mua tranh ban vdi nhau, giua cac don vi thidu su phdi hop lidn ket ma cdng ty thi khdng kiem soat ndi Vdn duqc giao cho cac giam ddc xi nghidp vdi trinh dd quan ly non ydu, xi nghidp chua cd kha nang tu quan ndn su dung vdn khdng co hidu qua, kinh doanh thua Id ,1am phat sinh nhung khoan cdng nq kho ddi Chung tdi cho rdng Tdng cdng ty edn quan tam tiep tuc ddn van de xay dung ca cau bd may td chuc cua cdng ty va hd thong cac phuong phap quan ly dd mdt mat phat huy duqc tinh nang ddng sang tao cua co so nhung ddng thoi cung phai tap trung duqc sue manh cua Tdng cdng ty dd dat duqc muc tidu phat tridn Bd tham muu cua Tdng cdng ty khdng nhat thiet chi bao gdm cac giam doe ciia cac cdng ty ma cd thd mdi mdt sd chuyen gia gidi tham gia phdn cua hdi moi hoat ddng cua Tdng cdng ty Ve tuong lai da tich Iuy duqc nhung kinh nghiem quan ly thdng qua viec dieu hanh hoat ddng kinh doanh cua cac cdng ty thi cd thd’ xay dung Tdng cdng ty mdt hang budn ldn hoat ddng trdn dia ban ca nude Ddi vdi cac cdng ty, dac bidt la Cdng ty v& lieu didn - dung cu co Ha ndi, chung tdi cho rang ddi mdi bd may la edn thidt muc tidu va nhidm vu cua cdng ty thay ddi Nhung ddi mdi nhu thd nao thi can phai can nhhc ky cang Phai tinh den nhung chi phi vd tidn cua va thdi gian cho vide td chuc lai bo may Hon nua vide lien tuc td chuc lai bo may se lam cho don vi ludn d tinh trang bi xao ddng phai mat mdt thdi gian mdi dua hoat ddng vao nd nep duqc Su xao ddng lidn tuc nav lam anh huong tdi hoat ddng cua don vi va cd the nd se la nguydn nhan dhn ddn su di cua nhung ngudi co kha nang mudn tim mdt noi lam vide vdn dn Ydu cdu dat ddi vdi mdt bd may khdng phai c'hi la su tinh gian va nhay cam doi vdi nhung bidn ddng ma nd edn phai dn dinh mdt each tueng ddi De dam bao tinh dn dinh tuong ddi cua bd may chung tdi cho rdng Cdng ty vat lidu didn dung cu co Ha ndi ndn td chuc bd may cua minh theo co cau kieu ma tran Kieu co cau la thich hop vi don vi co dia ban hoat ddng rdng vdi sd nhom hang han che va mdi trudng kinh doanh cd nhieu bien dong Co cdu duqc td chuc tren co sd nguyen ly tuyen kep Ddi vdi Cdng ty vat lieu didn Ha ndi co thd chon hai tuydn la tuvdn theo san phdm va tuven theo vung dia ly Md hinh co cdu duqc md ta trdn so dd 14 Td chuc bd may theo md hinh cd uu didm la dieu kidn hoat dong kinh doanh thav ddi thi co thd thay ddi bd may cho phu hop nhung van giu duqc tinh dn dinh cua nd khdng lam cho nd phai thay ddi mdt each co ban gav nhung xao dong don vi Nd cung tranh duqc tinh trang hoat ddng chdng cheo giSa cac xi nghidp vat tu tdng hop va cac xi nghidp chuyen doanh nhu hien Vide ghep cac ’ 15 t Iclc c&e — Oz Ct ' d ' i /V< mat hang co doanh sd thap vao mdt nhom se tidt kidm dupe chi phi quan ly Cac phong chuc nang se giup giam dbc Cdng ty xay dung cac kd hoach dai han va ngdn han vd hoat ddng kinh doanh cua don vi Mdi cua hang chiu su quan ly cua giam ddc vung ya giam ddc nhom san pham Tai mdi vung co thd td chuc cac cua hang chuydn doanh hoac cac cua hang tdng hop Dd dam bao cho bd may td chuc hoat ddng nang ddng va co hidu qua, giam ddc cdng ty edn phai tri su tidp xue chat che va thuong xuydn giua cac giam ddc vung va cac giam ddc san pham Su trao ddi thdng tin kip thoi va thao luan ban bac giua cac giam ddc bd phan se giup cho cdng ty phat hidn dupe cac van dd sinh va nhanh chdng tim duqc cac bidn phap giai quydt, khde phuc dupe bdnh quan lidu va su trdn tranh trach nhidm cua ngudi phu trach 116 PHAN KET LUAN i Mdi tradng kinh doanh hay ndi cu thi horn ,sqr bidn ddng cda cdc nh«n td thudc mdi tradng kinh doanh anh hudng ldn den hoat ddng cda cdc doanh nghjdp Su v£n ddng cda mdi tradng tao nhung thdi cor vi thich thtfc mdi ddi vdi cdc doanh nghidp Nd ddi hdi cdc doanh nghidp mudn tin tai vi phdt tndn thi phii thay ddi cdch thtfc quin ly cda minh Vide sd dung ngudn luc eda doanh nghidp khdng thd theo y mudn chd quan mi nd phii gdn vdi cdc ydu td khdeh quan cua mdi tradng Doanh nghidp cin phii nhin thtfc rd ring vi nhttng thay d6i eda mdi trudng di ttf dd xdc dinh duoc muc tidu cho hoat ddng kinh doanh trdn ca sd tin dung cdc thdi ca hdp din Gin vdi vide xdc dinh muc tidu li xiy dung mdt chiin luac kinh doanh dim bio cho vide thuc hidn muc tidu vi dii mdi mdt cdch ding bd ca dlu bd mdy cdng nhu hd thdng phuong phdp quin ly Chi blng cdch dd doanh nghidp mdi ca kha ning thich nghi duoc vdi mdi tradng kinh doanh bidn ddng Ddng thdi doanh nghidp cdng c&n phii quan tim thich ddng d£n vide stf dung cdc bi£n sri eda Mar Mix vide xiy dung cdc chidn luoc lim ting cudng ning thich nghi vdi mdi tradng Trdn co sd phdn tich dinh gid qud trinh chuy&n sang cdch thtfc quan ly mdi d Tdng cdng ty hod ch4t vdt lidu didn v£ nhtfng mdt lim duoc vi nhtfng han chd dd thich nghi vdi mdi tradng, chiing tdi de cap den mdt sd bien phdp cu the nhim tdng cudng kha ndng thich nghi vdi mdi trudmg cua cdc dem vi thudc Tcing cdng ty Nhtfng kien nghi nhy lien quan den cte doanh nghiep thuemg mai thudc Tcing cdng ty hod chat vat lidu dien nhung chiing tdi hy vong rdng nd sS cd y nghla thiet thuc ddi vdi tat ch cdc doanh nghiep khac hoat ddng ctr che thi trudng Phan tieng Viet r» x _u DdLil men - v,i ijj Ti'-xr-i r>;_u r't _ _ ij iNgu r/uui i niiu tuung _l,> ^nu hoan thien chinh sach va co1 che quan li kinh te o nirdc ta NXB chinh tri qudc gia HN - Chien Itror thi tnrd’ng va quan tn kinh doanh Vien nghien cifu khoa hoc thi inning va gia ca HN - lyM0 < PTS Dang Dinh Dao va PTS Hoang Dire Than Trung tam thong tin thtrong mai HN - PTS Dang Dinh Dao va PGS PI’S Hoang Minh Dirong chu bien Nhtfng van de co ban cua kinh doanh thircmg mai ? GS TS Ngo Dinh Giao Nhifng van de co1 ban ve kmh te vi md NXB Dai hoc va trung hoc chuyen nghiep HN - 19M-? b Nhtfng cau chuven quan li danh cho giam ddc Tap NXB khoa hoc xa hoi HN - ldd() Nguyen Htfu Than ("hien lu’O’c canh tranh thi tnrd’ng Tai lieu tham khao noi bd Tnrd’ng vat gia MN - 19^0 Xi nghiep quan li va sire canh tranh Vien nghien cum quan Iv kinh te trung HN l^dl Xu hircrng quan Iv kmh te thap ky Tmng thm thong tin kmh te vq XHKT cdng nghiep nhe HN ■ 10 PTS Tran Ngoc Vinh * * C Doi mdi quan h luu thong hang hoa dich vu va thi trudng De tai nghien cdu khoa hoc cap nha nude nam 1990 Vien nghien cdu quan ly kinh te trung trang I Pham Le Viet I Nghien cdu kha nang thich dng vdi sir thay ddi cua mdi trudng boat dong kinh doanh cua cdng ty vat lieu dien - dung cu co* Ha noi Luan van tdt nghiep dai hoc Khoa kinh te thuung mai tnrdng Dai hoc kinh te qudc dan HN - 1993 12 Tap chi Nghien cdu kinh te sd 2.6 nam 1992 Phan tieng nude ngoai 13 Charier J Wollfel Phan tich hoat dong tai chinh d cac doanh nghiep NXB khoa hoc va ky thuat HN - 1991 14 Harold Koontz Nhung van de cot yeu cua quan ly Tap I va NXB Khoa hoc va ky thuat HN - 1992 15 Kenichi Ohmae Tu cua nha chien luo’c Vien nghien cdu quan ly kinh te trung uo,ng.- 1990 16 D Larue va Caillat J Kinh te doanh nghiep NXB khoa hoc va kv thuat HN 1992 17 Linden iBrown Competitive marketing strategy Australia - 199] 18 Luck - Ferrel Marketing strategy and plans systematic marketing management Prentice - Hall of India New Delhi - 1982 19 P Kotler Principles ot marketing Prentice - Hall of India New Delhi - N88 20 P Kotler Marketing tor nonprofit organizations Prentice - Hail of India New Delhi - 1985