Nâng cao khả năng cạnh tranh trong vận tải biển quốc tế của công ty vận tải thuỷ bắc nosco

886 PUC vA DAO TAO LOAN VAN rt k A HANOI-2004 bo giao duc va dao tao TRJdNG DAI hoc KINH TE QUOC DAN Nguyen Thi Lan Anh NANG CAO KHA NANG CANH TRANH TRONG VAN TAI BIEN QUOC TE CUA CONG TY VAN TAI THUY bAc - NOSCO LUAN VAN THAC SY QUAN TRI KINH DOANH Giao vien htfdng dan: PGS.TS Le Cong Hoa Ha noi - 2004 MUC LUC • ■ NHUIMGTU VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG BIEU LOI MO DAU CHUONG 1: MOT SO VAN DE CO BAN VE KHA NANG CANH TRANH TRONG VAN TAI BIEN QUOC TE 1.1 Dac diem va cac phuong thdc kinh doanh van tai bien quoc te 1.1.1 Dac diem, vai tro cua van vai bien quoc te 1.1.2 Cac phirong thiic kinh doanh van tai bien quoc te 1.2 Cac chi tieu danh gia kha nang canh tranh van tai bien quoc te 12 19 1.2.1 Qui mo va toe tang trirctag 19 1.2.2 Thi phSn van tai 20 1.2.3 Chat ltrpng, tin cSy phuc vu 20 1.2.4 Gia ca phuc vu 21 1.2.5 Thdi gian vSn chuyg’n 24 1.3 Cac nhan to anti htrbng den kha nang canh tranh van tai bien quoc te 25 1.3.1 Vi tri dia ly 25 1.3.2 Chfnh tri va luSt phap 26 1.3.3 27 Str phat trien kinh te va trinh khoa hoc cong nghe 1.3.4 NhSn str va trinh quan ly • 1.3.5 Kha nang vat chat va tai chfnh 28 28 CHUONG 2: THUC TRANG KHA NANG CANH TRANH TRONG VAN TAI BIEN QUOC TE CUA CONG TY VAN TAI THUY BAC — NOSCO 2.1 Su hinh thanh, phat trien va co cau to chhc cua Cong ty van tai thuy Bac - NOSCO 30 2.2 Thue trang kha nang canh tranh van tai bien quoc te cua Cong ty van tai thuy Bac - NOSCO 34 30 2.2.1 Qui mo va toe tang tnrdng 34 2.2.2 Pham vi thi truemg va thi phdn van tai 40 2.2.3 Chat ltrong, tin cay phuc vu 46 2.2.4 Gia code van chuy&’n 49 2.2.5 Thdi gian van chuyen 50 2.2.6 Trinh quan ly va khai thac tau 51 2.3 Danh gia kha nang canh tranh van tai bien quoc te cua Cong ty NOSCO 58 2.3.2 Diem manh va diem yeu cua Cong ty NOSCO canh tranh van tai bien quoc te 58 2.3.3 Nguyen nhan cua cac ton tai 60 CHUONG 3: GIAI PHAP CO BAN NHAM NANG CAO KHA NANG CANH 63 TRANH TRONG VAN TAI BIEN QUOC TE CUA CONG TY NOSCO Dinh hirdng phat trien van tai bien den nam 2010 cua toan nganh va cua Cong ty NOSCO 63 3.1.1 Xu the phat trien cua van tai bien khu vuc, tren the gidi va nhtfng anh hirdng 63 3.1.2 Dinh hirdng phat trien van tai bien Viet Nam den nam 2010 cua Dang va Nha nirdc ta 66 3.1.3 Dinh htrdng phat trien kinh doanh van tai bien den nam 2010 cua Cong ty NOSCO 68 Giai phap co ban nhdm nang cao kha nang canh tranh tranh van tai bien quoc te cua Cong ty NOSCO 69 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 Day manh ddu tir phat trien doi tau 69 3.2.2 Giam chi phi van chuyen 73 3.2.3 Xac dinh va lira chon dung tuyen chuyen chd, loai hang chuyen chd chinh 78 3.2.4 Tang ctrdng dao tao doi ngu can bo va’cac che chinh sach doi vdi sy quan thuyen vien 79 3.2.5 Phat trien va ung dung cong nghe thong tin 82 3.3 Mot so kien nghi 85 KET LUAN 89 PHU LUC 91 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 95 NHQNGTirvie'TTAT Ch& viet tat IPS TiengAnh Tieng Viet The International Ship and Port Luat Quoc te ve An ninh tau va Facility Security Code Cang biem ISM Code: International Safety Bo Luat quan ly an toan quoc te Management Code SOLAS: Safety of Life at Sea Cong irdc quoc te ve an toan sinh mang ngudi tren bien STCW: Seafare's Training Certification Cong udc thoa thuan dao tao, cap and Watch Kepping bang va di ca cua thuyen vien SMC: Safety Management Certificate Giay chtrng nhan an toan DOC: Document of Compliance Giay chumg nhan tuan thu, phu hop SMS: Safety Management System He thong quan ly an toan IMO: International Maritime To chuc Hang hai quoc te Organization TOKYO MOU: TOKY0 Memorandum of Thoa thuan TOKYO ve kiem soat Understanding Nha nude danh muc bang beu • TT ty~-typ::; ■ ■ Ten bang bien-::.: : j Trang Bang 1: So’ 2: Phan chia chi phi gma chu tau va ngtfcti Co cd'u tt) chtrc bo may quan ty cua Cior^n^' ty NOSCO Bifiu 3: San luoig van chuye’n cua Cong ty NOSCO 32 35 Bang 4: Bang 5: Toe tang san Incog van ttii cua NOSCO va V!IN\LOINES Ket qua kind doanh van tt^i bidn cc^a Cong tyy NOSCO 35 36 Bieu 6: Tang trtfCng doanh thu cua NOSCO va VINALINES 37 Bang?: Tjksuat tm nhudn tren doanh thu cua NOSCO va VINALINES 38 Bang 8: Hieu qua sir dung TSCD cua Cong ty NOSCO Bang 9: So sanh hieu qua sr dung TSCD tang them cua NOSCOva ~ VINALINES ~ Bang 10: Tai cJiiiUi cua Cong tty NOSCO ttr nam 1998 -2003 Bang 11: Phat tridn doi tau cua Cong ty NOSCO ttr nam 1998-2003 Bang 12: San luong hang hoa tXNL VIN doi tau Vi^t Nsam dam rUbbL 39 39 18 41 42 43 Bang 13: TTd phln van tai cua cac cong tty true tt^u^cc VLNALINES 44 Bang 14: Bang 15: Bang 16: Bang 17: Bang 18: Bang 19: Bang 20: Bang 21: Bang 22: Bang 23: Bang 24: Bang 25: Bang 26: Phu luc 1: Phu luc 2: Phu luc 3: Phu luc 4: Trong tai tau mot so nudc khu vuc Doi tau cua cac doanh nsggiiiyii thuoc VINALINES Gia cho thue tau dinh han So sanh thoi gian van chuyen cua NOSCO vdi VOSCO SO ldn doi tau NOSCO bi luu giu tai cac cang nudc ngoai Chi pH boat dOng van tai bi^n cua Cong ty NOSCO So sHUi meat so chi beu giua NOSCO vdi VOSCQ Vi tri canh tranh cua Cong ty NOSCO Cac chi beu KH d£n nam 2010 cVINALINES So saiA hi6u qua huy dong 15% von ddu ttr JDr tk£n thdi gian via sd chuyen viba chuyen nam ]Lri fch du tk£n cfo cdc phuerng an tkhai thde tau ddng Du liken k£t qua dat duuc sau thuc Hfin cac giai 20 hang tau tch nhdt the gk'ji Phan loai doi tau chuyen dung cua VINALINES Doi tau boong via boong cua VINALINES Dir bao hang hoa thong qua cang bidn VN den nam 2(^i20 46 47 49 51 53 54 55 56 67 72 76 77 83 91 92 93 94 L0I MO DAU Tinh cap thiet cua de tai: Xu the hoi nhap kinh te khu vuc va the gidi dang didn khdp toan cau nhtf la mot tat yeu khach quan vdi mire cang manh me La mot quoc gia co nen kinh te dang phat trien d Dong Nam A, Viet Nam khong the diing ngoai tien trinh chung Tai Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thu: IX Dang Cong san Viet Nam - nam 2001, Dang ta tiep tuc chi ro dudng loi va chien luoc phat trien kinh te - xa hoi la: “Chu dong hoi nhap kinh te quoc te va khu virc theo tinh than phat huy toi da noi lire, nang cao hieu qua hop tac quoc te, bao dam doc lap tu chu va dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia, bao ve lqi fch dan toe, an ninh quoc gia, giu gin ban s&c van hoa dan toe, bao ve moi trudng Md rong va nang cao hieu qua kinh te doi ngoai Cung co thi trudng da cd va md rong them thi trudng mdi Tao moi dieu kien thuan lpi de tang nhanh xuat khSu, thu hut von, edng nghe tir ben ngoai Chu dong hoi nhap kinh te quoc te cd hieu qua, thuc hien cac cam ket song phuong va da phuong Phat trien thuong mai, ca noi thuong ngoai thuong, bao dam hang hoa liru thong thong suot thi trudng noi dia va giao luu buon ban vdi nude ngoai.” Cd the noi rang, qua trinh tham gia hoi nhap kinh te khu virc va quoc te cua Viet Nam khong phai chi di&n trade sure ep cua xu hudng hoi nhap tren toan the gidi ma la mot qua trinh mang tinh chu dong that sir xuat phat khong chi tir viec thufa nhan cac lqi fch to ldn hoi nhap kinh te - thuong mai khu vuc va quoc te dem lai ma tir viec y thuc duqc nhung thach thirc gay gdt dat tir trade Dat nude md cira hoi nhap vdi khu vuc va the gidi ciing vdi mot nen kinh te phat trien, xuat khau tang da tao dieu kien cho hang loat nhung hang tau ldn quoc te cd mat tai thi trudng Viet Nam canh tranh vdi Van tai bien la mot llnh vuc kinh doanh mang tinh toan cau cao va cd nhung anh hudng tuong hd xuyen quoc gia, vi vay chien luoc canh tranh lSu dai va toan dien dd’ thu hut dich vu va gianh thi phan cang ldn hon ve cho minh cang quyet liet s 7» Trung Quoc, vong nam trd lai day, bang mot loat cac bien phap tang nang luc canh tranh cua doi tau quoc gia, cac tau bien Trung Quoc da vucfn len chiem tdi 80% thi phdn van tai container tren nhung tuyen van tai bien vung Trung Quoc - Nhat Ban Cac nude khu vuc Dong Nam A nhu Thai Lan, do, nganh Hang hai Viet Nam noi chung va Cong ty van tai thuy Bac noi rieng nhd yeu viec chuan bi de tham gia mot each sau rong vao cac hoat dong thuong mai quoc te Khoi luqng hang hoa xuat nhap khau cua Viet Nam mot tang nhanh nhung thi phdn van tai cua dpi tau Viet Nam doi vdi ta't ca cac hang hoa luan chuy^n bang dudng bien mdi chiem khoang 15% Thue te, hang hoa xua't khau cua Viet Nam chu yeu thue cac hang tau nude ngoai chuyen chd Trong boi canh nay, nang luc canh tranh la mot nhung dieu kien song cua cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh dich vu van tai bien Nhung cho den den nay, Cong ty van tai thuy Bac chua cd su phan tich, danh gia mot each he thong de de chien lupc canh tranh cho phat trien lau dai, moi quyet dinh kinh doanh dupe dua la cd nhung bien dong nhat thdi tren thi trudng va phu thuoc nhieu vao cac yeu to ben ngoai Vi vay, viec nghien curu cac giai phap phu hpp va hieu qua nhat nham tang kha nang canh tranh van tai bien quoc te cua Cong ty van tai thuy Bac la het sue cin thiet * Vdi y nghia tren, toi da lua chon chu de “Nang cao kha nang canh tranh van tai bien quoc te cua Cdng ty van tai thuy Bac - NOSCO” la de tai Luan van thac sy Quan tri kinh doanh Muc dich nghien cud: Th viec tim hi^u, phan tfch tlnh hinh hoat dong cua dpi tau Cong ty van tai thuy Bac xu hudng phat trien van tai bien tren the gidi va cua dpi tau bien Viet Nam, qua tim nhung giai phap phu hop nham nang cao kha nang canh tranh van tai bien quoc te cua Cdng ty van tai thuy Bac Doi titdng va pham vi nghien cdu: De tai tap trung nghien ctru kha nang canh tranh van tai bien quoc te cua Cong ty van tai thuy Bac - mot doanh nghiep vien cua T6ng cong ty Hang hai Viet Nam Van de danh gia thuc trang kinh doanh van tai bien cua Cong ty dat boi canh canh tranh nganh va tren the gidi Cac tu lieu, so lieu duqc thu thap tir nam 1998 den Phuong phap nghien cuL: Trong qua trinh nghien cun de tai, tac gia chu yeu su dung phuong phap vat bien chtrng, vat lich str va mot so phuong phap cu the khac nhu dieu tra thong ke, phan tfch va tong hop, phuong phap so sanh Nhung dong gop cua luan v3n: - He thong hoa mot so vail de ly luan ve kha nang canh tranh van tai bitm quoc te - Danh gia mot each he thong ve kha nang canh tranh van tai bien quoc te cua Cong ty van tai thuy Bac - De xuat mot so giai phap nham nang cao kha nang canh tranh van tai bien quoc te cua Cong ty van tai thuy Bac Ket cau cua luan van: Ngoai phln md dau, ket luan, danh muc cac tai lieu tham khao va muc luc, Luan van duqc chia lam chuong: Chuong 1: Mot so van de co ban ve kha nang canh tranh van tai bitm quoc te Chuong 2: Thuc trang kha nang canh tranh van tai bien quoc te cua Cong ty van tai thuy Bac - NOSCO Chuong 3: Giai phap co ban nham nang cao kha nang canh tranh van tai bien quoc te cua Cong ty van tai thuy Bac - NOSCO CHl/ONG MOT SO VAN DE CO BAN VE KHA NANG CANH TRANH TRONG VAN TAI BIEN QUOC TE 1.1 DAC DI^M VA CAC PHUONG THUC KINH DOANH VAN TAI BI^N QUOC t£ 1.1.1 Dac diem, vai trd cua van tai bien quoc te 1.1.1.1 Dac diem cua van tai bien quoc te Van tai la su di chuyen vd khong gian va thdi gian cua cdng cu san xua't, san pham lao dong cua ngudi Van tai quoc te la viec chuyen cho dupe tie'n hanh vupt ngoai pham vi bien gicti cua ft nhat mot quoc gia Mac du co nhung dac trung khac biet vdi cac phuong thirc van tai khac nhung no gSn lien mot each huu co vdi cac phuong thirc Cac khau cua qua trinh san xua't hang hai bao gom: qua trinh van chuyen, qua trinh xe'p va qua trinh phuc vu cho hai qua trinh tren Cac qua trinh san xua't cd the didn pham vi mot quo'c gia hay nhieu quoc gia Van tai bien quo'c te cd nhung dac diem co ban la: - San xua't kinh doanh khai thac tau mang tfnh quo'c te cao (toan cdu) su ddi va phat trien cua van tai bien quo'c te cd quan he chat che vdi ngoai thuong va sir lien ke't, phat trien ve tuye'n dudng van chuyen giua cac quo'c gia - Pham vi san xuat rong ca vd mat khong gian va thdi gian Giua cac cang quo'c te' da hinh cac luong tau thudng xuyen va tau chuyen dd cd the van chuyen hang hoa di khap the' gidi Thdi gian hanh trinh cua tau tren bien cung thudng dai hon so vdi cac hinh thirc van chuyen khac - Qui mo va kho'i lupng hang hoa van tai bi^n rat ldn, chiem khoang 80% lupng hang hoa luu thong tren the' gidi - Van tai bien cd the’ phuc vu chuyen cho hau het cac loai hang hoa viec buon ban quo'c te Van tai dudng bien thfch hop vdi viec chuyen cho tren khoang each dai, kho'i lupng ldn chinh, dong nhdt, co td chdc va la bo mat cua Cong ty cac cang nuoc ngoai.Viec dao tao doi ngu sy quan thuyen vien can duoc tien hanh tren co’ so': - Theo ke hoach duoc lap, can cd theo nhu cdu cua doi tau, co chu doi tau hien tai va tuong lai cua Cong ty Cong ty co the cd ngudi theo hoc cac ldp Tdng cong ty Hang hai Viet Nam td chdc, cac ldp ngan, dai han cua Trudng Dai hoc Hang hai, trudng trung cap Hang hai, cac trung tam, co quan hang hai , td chdc - Chu dac biet dao tao ngoai ngu nham tang kha nang giao tiep, dng xd cho doi ngu sy quan quan ly den cac cang nude ngoai, dong thdi tao dieu kien thiet thuc de md rong va day manh viec cho thue thuyen vien di lam viec tren cac tau nudc ngoai de hoc hoi kinh nghiem Luu y nang cao hieu biet ve thuong vu cho cac sy quan quan ly khoi boong de ho chu dong giai quyet cac cong viec mot cach co hieu qua nhat qua trinh khai thac tau Thuc te da cho thay, mot so thiet hai cua Cong ty tau bi bat giu la mot so sy quan, thuydn vien khong co kha nang dam phan, giai quyet cong viec doc lap, tham chi giao tiep tieng anh chua thao tao cd de cho cac PSC nudc ngoai bat giu - Xay dung lai quy che ve quyen loi, nghia vu doi vdi tdng chdc trach cua thuyen vien di tau Dam bao su danh gia chfnh xac ve hieu qua cong viec va co che khuyen khfch vat chat phu hop, thuc day duoc ngudi lao dong lam viec va gan bo vdi Cong ty Tang cudng hon nua quyen han cua thuyen trudng di tau Khi tau hoat dong, thuyen trudng co quyen xem xet, danh gia dd quyet dinh thudng phat cho thuyen vien di tau, tham chi yeu cdu thay ngudi khong dam bao yeu cau cong viec Bdi vi, tau hoat dong, chi co doi ngu sy quan quan ly tren tau mdi thuc danh gia dung duoc nang luc, thai lam viec cua thuyen vien va co bien phap giai quyet hop ly t Doi vdi bo phan quan ly tren bd, hoat dong dich vu khach hang la thai giao tiep, kha nang dam phan, cac dieu khoan uu dai trudc, va sau ket thuc qua trinh van chuyen hang hoa Cu the nhu: giup do, tao dieu kien thudn loi cho ngudi thue tau viec: van chuyen hang td kho tdi cang hoac td cang ve kho de co the' xep, hang tren tau nhanh chong, an toan Khi co tdn that ve 81 hang hoa thuoc trach nhiem cua ngudi van chuyen thi den 'bu thoa dang mot each nhanh chong Ngoai ra, Cong ty nen tiep tuc linh hoat viec bu trii chi phi giira hai ben de giai phong tau nhanh, phfa ngudi thue gap kho khan gia dau len cao, gia cudc giam thi co th£ hd trp mot phdn gia cudc cho ho ma khong phai chd den cham dirt hop dong mdi thay ddi Kha nang toan nhanh gon cung la hinh thue nang cao cha't lupng dich vu, lam tang tin cay cua khach hang vdi Cong ty 3.2.6 Phat trien va ting dung cong nghe thong tin Cong nghe thong tin co mot vai tro het sire quan trong viec phat trien kinh te Dua cac ung dung cong nghe thong tin dang la xu hudng cua moi linh vuc hoat dong Day la mot cuoc each mang KHCN ldn, lam thay d6i bo mat the gicti Nhan thde sSu she tdm quan cua cuoc each mang nay, 17/10/2000, Thu tudng Chrnh phu da ban hanh Chi thi so 58/CT/TW ve day manh ung dung va phat tricm cong nghe thong tin phuc vu su nghiep CNH, HDH Chi thi neu ro: Cong nghe thong tin la mot cac dong luc quan nha't cua sir phat trien, cung vdi mot so nganh cong nghe cao khac dang lam bien d6i sSu sac ddi song kinh te, van hoa, xa hoi cua the gidi hien dai Ling dung va phat trien cong nghe thong tin d nude ta nhhm gop phan giai phong siic manh vat cha't, tri tue va tinh than cua toan dan toe, thue day cong cuoc doi mdi, phat trien nhanh va hien dai hoa cac nganh kinh te, tang cudng nang luc canh tranh cua cac doanh nghiep, hd trp cd hieu qua cho qua trinh chu dong hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, nang cao cha't lupng cuoc song cua nhan dan, dam bao an ninh, quoc phong va tao kha nang di tat, don dau de thue hien thang lpi sir nghiep CNH, HDH Vi vay, Cong ty nen tien hanh dau tu de cd he thong thong tin thong nha't vdi cac trang thiet bi tien tien de kip thdi no'i mang giua cac doanh nghiep vdi cac cang, cac hang tau cung nhu nhung ncfi giao nhan hang tren pham vi toan the gidi Cung vdi viec trang bi la t6 chdc dao tao cac can bo cd the su dung thao cac thiet bi hien dai de dem lai hieu qua cao nha't Thong bao thudng xuyen lich trinh cua tau, noi cang den de khach hang chu dong viec giao nhan hang, giai phong tau nhanh 82 Bang 26 DU KIEN KET QUA DAT DUOC SAU KHI THUC HIEN CAC GIAI PHAP: T Chi tieu Nam 2010 so :Nam 2010 Nam 2003 T vdi nam 2003 - Loai hang chuyen - Loai hang chuyen Pham vi Thi trudng: chd: hang kho, hang chd: hang kho, hang' Them chd hang bach hoa bach hoa va hang container container - Tuyen chuyen chd: - Tuyen chuyen chd: ✓ Dong Bac A la chu Khu vuc chau A yeu du an, do: 10 du an, do: Sd du an + Tiep tuc 01 du an + Dong mdi Thuc hien: dong mdi nude nude 04 tau chd hang du an dau tu loai Tang them 10 01 tau chd hang kho, kho, tai 6.500 tau tai ldn 3.760 DWT cua nam DWT-8.000 DWT hon, chuyen dung hon, dong 2002 + Mua 01 tau chd + Mua 04 tau chd hang kho da qua sir hang kho da qua suf dung cua Viet Nam dung cua nude ngoai 12 tudi, 3.850 DWT khoang 10 tudi, thdi, bat dau dau tu khai thac tau chd container tai tir 8.Q00 - 12.000 < DWT + Mua 02 tau container 1.000 TEU Luang von 4,1 trieu USD can thiet: 83 70 trieu USD Tang 17 lan + Vay Quy hO tro + Vay Quy hO tro Nguon von phat trien de dong phat trien de dong mdi de dau tu: tau, lai su