Luận văn thực trạng thất nghiệp và định hướng triển khai bảo hiểm thất nghiệp ở việt nam trong thời gian tới

HA \OI - 2004 p- — —" BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO IIU()N(, DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN SO ffl 03 BUI QUYNH ANH THUC TRANG THAT NGHIEP VA DINH HUONG ■ ■ ■ ■ TRIEN KHAI BAO HIEM THAT NGHIEP VIET NAM ■ ■ TRONG THOI GIAN TC5I LU AN VAN THAC SY KINH TE Chuyen nganh : Kinh te bao hiem Ngirai hirdng d^n khoa hoc : TS Nguyen Van Dinh DAI HOC KTQD TRUNGTAM-,, THONG TIN THI/VIEN1 - HA NQI - 2004 - - - • 4270 11 DANH MUG VIET TAT TRONG LU AN VAN DANH MUG SO DO VA CAC BANG BlEU LOT MO DAL CHUONG I: LY LU AN CHUNG VE THAT NGHIEP VA BAO HIEM THAT NGHIEP I MOT SO VAN DE VE THAT NGHIEP Khai niem ve that nghiep va ngirai that nghiep Phan loqi that nghiep 16 2.1 Can cu~ vao ti'nh chat that nghiep 16 2.2 Can cu vao y chi' ngirdi lao dong 18 2.3 Can cir vao mere that nghiep 18 Nguyen nhan va hau qua cua that nghiep 19 3.1 Nguyen nhan cua that nghiep 19 3.2 Hau qua cua that nghiep 21 II CAC BIEN PHAP CHINH SACH KHAC PHUC T1NH TRANG THAT NGHIEP 24 / Chinh sdch dan so 24 Gidm ly le dan di etc tit nong thon thi 24 Ap dung cong nghe thich hop vao nhicng ngdnh nghe thich hop 25 Chinh phu tang orang ddu lit cho nen kinh te 26 Giam tuoi nght hint 26 Tra cap thoi vice, mat vice lam 22 Tra cap that nghiep .28 Bao hiem that nghiep 28 III BAO HIEM THAT NGHIEP : 30 Sic ddi vdphdt trien cua hdo hiem that nghiep 30 Vai tro cua bao hiem that nghiep 32 2.1 ~Nhung noi dung co ban cua bao hiem that nghiep 35 2.2 Doi tirong va pham vi bao hiem 35 2.2.1 Doi tirong bao hiem 35 2.2.2 Pham vi bao hiem 36 2.3 Hinh thuc trien khai bao hiem that nghiep 37 2.4 Quy bao hiem that nghiep - 37 2.4.1 Nguon hinh quy 37 2.4.2 Muc dich str dung quy bao hiem that nghiep 39 2.5 Dieu kien hirdng bao hiem that nghiep: 40 2.6 Muc hudng tro cap, thoi gian hirdng tro cap bao hiem that nghiep: 41 2.6.1 Mire hirdng tro cap: 41 2.6.2 Thoi gian htrong tro cap: 42 IV TR0~ CAP THAT NGHIEP ~ 44 Che tra cap that nghiep he thong cue che hdo hiem xa hoi 44 Noi dung ca ban cua che tra cap that nghiep 48 2.1 Doi tirong va pham vi ap dung 48 2.2 Dieu kien hudng tro cap that nghiep: 49 2.3 Thoi gian hirdng va mt'rc htrong tro cap that nghiep 49 2.4 Quy tro cap that nghiep 50 Bao hiem that nghiep vol tra cap that nghiep 50 x ■» x \ r r r •> x CHUONg II: TINH H1NH THAT NGHIFF V1 c H c HIM! SACH CUA NHA NU'dC PPI VO'I NGVdl THAT NGHIEP Q VIET NAM HIEN NAY 53 L TINH H1NH_LAO PONG,, ViHC LAM VA TIHTT NGHIHP Q VI HT NAM HIEN L Van de lao dong va vice lam 53 Tinh, kinh that nghiep d Viet Nam 59 2.1 Tinh trang that nghiep d khu vuc thi 65 2.2 Tinh hinh that nghiep khu vuc ndng thon: 68 Nguyen nhan dan den (hat nghiep d Viet Nam: 70 Moi so nhan xgt rut tu thuc trang lao dong:, viee lam, that nghiep d Viet Nam , ~ 73 II C AC CHINE SACH AP DUNG DOI VOI N GUOl THAT NGHIEP Q VIET NAlvj 75 L Chinh sdeh ho tra ngudi that nghi&p, 76 Chinh sdeh dan so 82 Ngdn can dan eu tu ndng thon thi 82 Chinh phu lang eudng dau tu eho nen kinh le 83 Ap dung eong nghe thieh huy 83 III SU CAN T HE'l PHAI TRIEN KHAI BAO HIEM THAT NGHIEP Q VIET NAM TRONG THpI GIAN TPl , J4 IV KINH NGHIEM TRIEN KHAI BHTN CUA MOT SO NUOC CHAU A 87 Tref cap I hat nghhlpcr Trung ()uuc 87 Tra cPp that nghiep d Mong, Cc 97 Bao hiem that nghiep d Han QuCe 92 CHUONG III P; OH HU’O'NG TRIEN KH J B*O HUM THAT NGHIEP O VIET L QUAN DIEM CUA PANG VA NHA NUOC.VE VAN PE THAT NGHIEP 96 II NIHNG 'l TUAN, I Ail VANhH QIAN KHUiyiEN KHHI BAO THEM THAT 99 NGHIEP O VIETNAM HL PINH HUONG TRIEN KHAI B o HU M THAT NGHIEP Q VIET NAM TRONG TI1OI GIAN T(V 102 122 Lua chon mo hinh trien khai BHTN d Viet Nam 174 Nhung noi dung cd ban cua tra cap,„ that nghien d Viet Nam 104 2.1 Poi tuong ap di^mg 107 2.2 Hinh thuc tham gia tro cap that nghiep 108 2.3 Pieu kien hudng tro' cap that nglhihjp 108 2.3.1 Pieu kien trudc that nghiep———————.—————————— 109 2.3.2 Pieu kien lien quan den tinh trang that nghiep cua ngudi lao dong 1.99 2.3.3 Pieu kien thdi gian that nghiep— 112 2.4 Quy bao hiem that nghiep • ■ ■ ■• • • • • • • • - • ■ ■ • .• 112 2.4.1 Nguon hinh quf— ———————— 11b 2.4.2 Tv le dong uop vao quy bao hiem that nghiep 122 Pieu kien thuc hien tra edp that gghiep d Viel Nam thdi gian tdi 124 Cde budc wCp khai Ira cPp that mthiep a Viel Nam thdi gian tdi 124 4.1 Giai doan 2005-2010 ••,••••••••■•.••••••■•••■•■••-••■•-••-• •-••-•-• •-• •-•-••• •-•-•-• •124 * Poi tuo’ng ap dun •••••••••••••••.•.•.• •.•.•.••-•••••-• •-••-•-• • •-■-•-•-• •-•-••.•1^4 * Pieu kien hudng tro cap that nghiep 2^5 * Muc hudng va thdi gian hudng tro cap that nghiep L26 4.2 Giai doan tu 2010 trd di— I KET LUAN 127 TAI LIEU TH AM KHAO 128 DANH MUC VIET TAT TRONG LUAN VAN • • BHXH Bao hiem xa hoi *> ' Bao hiem that nghiep BHTN Bo Lao dong-Thu’ong binh-Xa hoi Bo LD-TB-XH t I \ ILO f T -X /V To chuc Lao aong quoc te DANH MUC SO DO VA CAC BANG BlEU Trang Ten so’ va bang bieu So 1: Co cau dan so qudc gia theo tuoi lao dong va nhu cau i i i viec lam r Bang 1: Thue trang va xu hudng bien dong cua lire luqng lao dong Viet Nam giai doan 1998 - 2002 / Bang 2: Co cau lao dong tu 15 tuoi trb len hoat dong kinh te thubng r xuyen chia theo trinh chuyen mon ki thuat cac nam 2000 - 2002 Bang 3: Toe tang trudng GDP va ti le that nghiep d Viet Nam giai doan 1989 - 2003 i Bang 4: Ti le that nghiep cua lire luqng lao dong tuoi lao A dong d thi theo khu vuc kinh te - giai doan 1996 - 2002 Bang 5: Ti le that nghiep cua lao dong d mot so ldn giai doan 1996-2002 Bang 6: Co cau that nghiep d khu vuc thi theo tuoi giai doan 1996-2002 Bang 7: Ti le that nghiep cua lao dong nu d khu vuc thi giai doan 1996 - 2001 Bang 8: Ti le thdi gian lam viec dupe su dung cua lao dong d nong i thon Bang 9: Ti le that nghiep tai mot so nude va khu vuc tren the gidi LOI Md DAU Sir can thiet nghien cfru de tai r r r f \ Trong nhung nam cudi cua the ki 20, nen kinh te cac nude tren the gidi cd nhieu bien doi sau sac Kinh te thi trudng da phat trien, md rong d nhung nude nen kinh te hoat dong theo co che ke hoach hoa tap trung va da I Z A phat huy dune nhung mat manh cac nen kinh te dang phat trien Be khac phuc mot so nhupc diem cua nen kinh te thi trudng tu do, cac nude lira Z AZ chon di theo dudng kinh te thi trudng cd su dieu tiet cua nha nude Tuy z r nhien, nhung nhupc diem cua kinh te thi trudng da khong khac phuc dupe Z Z Z A Z het Tinh hinh thay doi co che hoat dong cua nen kinh te d mot so nude da lam xao tron thi trudng lao dong, tat yeu khach quan dan den tinh trang di cu tim kiem viec lam va xuat hien tinh trang that nghiep co cau Viet Nam A Z khong nam ngoai quy luat do, thoi ki tir 1986 den nay, thi trudng lao Z Z dong phat trien manh va tinh trang that nghiep co cau cung tang nhanh i Be bao dam an toan cuoc song cho ngudi lao dong ca co viec lam cung nhu that nghiep, chinh phu da yeu cau Bo LB-TB-XH nghien cuu trien khai bao hiem that nghiep (BHTN) doi vdi ngudi lao dong BHTN Z Z rat moi doi vdi chung ta cung nhu d cac nude dang phat trien, trien khai BHTN la van de kha phuc tap, lien quan den moi ngudi lao dong Trien khai BHTN giai quyet dupe nhung chien lupc kinh te co ban cua Bang va chinh •> Z Z A phu ta: phat trien kinh te ben vung, da dang hoa cac loai hinh kinh te, phat Z A Z trien thi trudng lao dong lanh manh va van de giai quyet viec lam cho ngudi lao dong Bo do, nghien cuu van de phai dung tren nhieu goc khac nhau, nham tim nhung hudng di dung dan va phu hop Bay la If tac gia chon de tai “ Thue trang that nghiep va dinh hudng trien khai bao hiem that nghiep d Viet Nam thoi gian tdi” cho luan van tot nghiep cua minh Tac gia hy vong se chia nhung luan cu If luan hien dai, dong thdi lira hop vol dieu kien kinh te -xa hoi hien Pham vi va muc tieu nghien ciru Pham vi nghien cuu cua luan van la cac van de li luan ve BHTN, trp r r cap that nghiep va dinh hudng thuc hien d Viet Nam r x Luan van dupe nghien cuu gidi han nhung van de co ban sau: - Nghien cuu co so li luan cua viec thuc hien trp cap that nghiep, bao I hiem that nghiep ' ' _ - Nghien cuu mo hinh thuc hien trp cap that nghiep cua cac nude khu vuc Chau A Z X A - Nghien cuu thuc trang lao dong, viec lam va van de that nghiep d Viet Nam nghiep d Viet Nam , I I Muc tieu nghien cuu: Tren co so nghien cuu cac noi dung ma to chuc lao dong qudc te (ILO) da de cac khuyen cao va nghien cuu kinh nghiem cua nude ngoai, xay dung mb hinh trien khai bao hiem that nghiep d Viet Nam thdi gian tdi Phuong phap nghien cuu; < z Luan van van dung phep tu bien chung Mac-Lenin tren co so tiep can mot each co he thong nhung cong trinh nghien cuu cua cac nha kinh te tren the gidi va Viet Nam de nghien cuu lich su hinh thanh, phat trien va co ' ' I so li luan cua trp cap that nghiep; ap dung phuong phap so sanh, phan tidh, r r x x r r thong ke, tong hop cac van de ve that nghiep, tir co the dua nhung kien nghi phu hop Noi dung nghien ciiu: I Ngoai phan md dau va ket luan, ket cau luan van bao gom chuong: \ r / Chuong 1: Li luan chung ve that nghiep va bao hiem that nghiep r r Chuong II: Tinh hinh that nghiep va cac chinh sach cua nha nude doi r vdi ngudi that nghiep d Viet Nam hien Chuong III: Dinh hudng trien khai bao hiem that nghiep d Viet Nam phan bao dam an toan on dinh cong bang xa hoi, do hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh doanh nghiep phai y thuc duoc trach nhiem xa hoi va cu the hoa viec tham gia tro' cap that nghiep cho ngudi lao dong ma ho su dung, Neu khong tham gia tro cap that nghiep thi hoan toan trach nhiem chi tra tro cap thuoc ve doanh nghiep nhung neu tham gia bao hiem that nghiep thi trach nhiem nav sc san se cho ca ben, se giam gia nang cho doanh nghiep dac biet la vao nhung luc doanh nghiep gap kho khan hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh - Nha nudc dong gop the hien vai tro chu dao, trung tarn cua minh Khong mot quoc gia nao co the giai quyet triet de dupe nan that nghiep ma phai chap nhan song chung cung no, vay that nghiep trd mot van de nan giai thi chinh such doi vdi van de that nghiep se la mot chinh sach xa hoi nhu’ bao chinh sach xa hoi khac phai duoc nha nudc quan tarn, cung tham gia giai quyet quan den ben, ngudi lao dong va chu su dung lao dong Tuy nhien neu nlyi nudc tham gia giai qu\ ct nhung chi dung d muc dua chinh sach, hudng dan thuc hie thi cl ua du ma hang nam nha nudc phai trich tu ngan sach nha nudc mot khoan dang ke bo sung vao quy Mac du nha nudc chi dong gop, xa hoi Mot I; io khac la co nhung luc ngudi lao dong bi that nghiep hoan toan khong phai la loi cua rieng doanh nghiep ma ca tu phia nha nudc nen nha nude -cung phai co trach nhiem dong gop nhat dinh Vi du co nhung luc nha nudc thay doi chinh sach kinh te mot each dot ngot, khong cap von kip thdi hoac iigung c;"m von cho nhung cong trinh diem co su dau tu cua nils nirdv hay so m an ly kem hieu qua viec chong buon lau, hang nhap chen ep hang a dia lam doanh nghiep gap kho khan hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh buoc phai ngimg hay thu hep san xuat kinh doanh, H4 ngudi lao dong bi that nghiep Tat ca nhung ly tren dan toi viec nha nuac nen tham gia dong gop hinh quy tro- cap that nghiep f -Sf Nha nude ch dong vai tro no tro, bu thieu, vay ngubi lao dong va chu sir dung lao dong se dong gop theo ty le nhu the nao Co loai y kien nhu sau: - Ngudi lao dong va chu sir dung lao dong dong gop ngang Theo y kien nay, cac nha nghien cirri lap luan rang ca chu su dung lao dong va ngubi lao dong deu co trach nhiem ngang doi viec ngubi lao dong bi that nghiep Mat khac doanh nghiep co ton tai duoc, co phat trien duoc thi ngubi lao dong, moi cd viec lam co co1 hoi cung co viec lam do ngubi lao dong c i chia se ganh nang vdi ngubi chu su dung lao dong Va cuoi cung, X ngubi lao dong chinh la ngubi thu hubng quyen loi bao hiem vay ho se phai dong gop mot muc xi'rng dang - Chu sir dung lao dong dong gop nhieu hon, ty le dong gop co the la chu sir dung lao dong dong gop 2/3, ngubi lao dong dong gop 1/3 Bao ve y ' • z A kien la nhung nha nghien cuu nghieng ve quyen loi ngubi lao dong ho that nghiep Cac nha nghien cuu cho rang chu su dung lao dong se ta ' ■« r ben co liem lu ve ms tai chinh ldn hon, chu dong hon, dac biet doi vdi nhung ngubi lao dong co tien cong, tien luong it bi nhung cong viec vann co ty le that nghiep cao Them nua ngubi lao dong bi that nghiep khong phai loi cua minh ma d:.i sir dung lao dong gay nen Viet Nam nen lira chon ap dung theo y kien thu hai bdi phuong an the hiim net vai tro trach nhiem cua cac ben, dac biet la vai tro trach nhiem cua chu sir dung 2.7.2 r lao dong dpi vdi ngubi lao dong ma ho su dung le dong op vao guy bao hiem that nghiep ? r I Nhu da phan del: b tren quy bao hiem that nghiep se duoc h'mh tu hai nguon chu yeu |,( ngubi lao dong va chu su dung lao dong dong gbp 115 nhieu hay it c ’dn manh hay khong phu thuoc vao ty le dong gop cua cac ben va sb ngubi tl t gia bao niem that nghiep So ngubi tham gia canjg nhieu thi qu\ cang nhieu va so tien dong gop cua moi ngubi se it di Tuy nhien sb nguvi tham gia chua phai la nhan to quyet dinh su can doi thu chi cua qu\ bao hiem that nghiep ma la ty le dong gop cua cac ben Y thuc duoc tarn quan cua ty le dbng gop nhu vay nhung viec xac dinh dupe mot ty le dbng gop hop ly la mot viec rat kho khan, doi hoi co su dau tu • Ty le that nghm I v le that nghiep la ty le phan tram cua so ngubi that nghiep so vdi luc lupng lao dbng Ty le mat nghiep thudng xuyen bien dong theo tung thang, tung quy, tung nam Sir bien dbng nhieu hay it phu thuoc vao dieu kien cu the cua moi quoe gia tung thbi ky O Viet Nam, viec xac dinh chinh xac ty le that nghiep la rat kho khan bbi chung ta chua co to chuc dang ky that nghiep Ta c : xac dinh duoc ty le that nghiep tuong doi sat thi^c te dun \ t ) cac so li - ■ bao cao, dieu tra Day chinh la mot nhung van de • Muc hi rung trp cap that nghiep 116 '! rong dieu kien o' nude la hien nay, co su chenh lech kha ldn ve tien luong giua cac khu virc kinh le nen viec there hien trp cap that nghiep cung phai tinh den ven to de lira chon phuong an thich hop Dua vao kinh nghiem cua cac nude, Viet Nam nen lira chon xac dinh muc hudng trp cap can cu theo lien luo'ni lien cong cua ngudi lao dong Viec gidi han muc hudng irp cap de li tinh trang ngudi nhan trp cap that nghiep lai cd muc thu nhan cao hon luung dai bo phan ngudi lao dong dang lam viec Muon lira chon mere huong tuong doi hop li chung ta phai leru y mot r 'f so diem sau d • - Xac dinh tren c ) so quan he tuong quan vdi cac loai hinh bao hiem nude de iao nen mot the thong nhat nham muc dich thuc day nganh bao hiem ph at trien dong thdi bao ve dupe quyen loi cua ngudi lao dong - i an cu vao luat phap quoc te va tham khao kinh nghiem cua cac quoc gia tren the gidi - Can co ■ ao mm? song mi thieu cua ngudi lao dong Dua vao nhung can cu tren day, ngudi lao dong that nghiep dupe hudng up cap that nghiep hang thang khoang tu 60 den 70% tien luong lam r ' ' can cu dong gop truoc hi bi mat viec lam vong toi da la den r • f Xac dinh mm hudng trp cap nhu vay la de dam bao khong qua ton kem vc mat tai chinh doi vdi quy'trp cap that nghiep, dong thdi khong qua r ' a r r-v thap nham bao e quyen loi cua ngudi lao dong va hap dan ho tham gia Ty le hudng ti p egp ng phii hop \ oi cong udc quoc te vi theo cong udc quoc te so 102 muc uci ear? td< thieu bling 45% tong thu nhap cua ngudi lao dong 117 trade ldn that buy nhien, tien luong co ban cua Viet Nam r z r r ■) thap nen mac du ti le hubng tro cap 70% la khong thap nhung neu chuyen doi ti ie sang so tuyet doi thi khoan trp cap ma nguai lao dong duac hubng cung J- a han da dam bao cho nguai lao dong Tuy nhien chung ta cung khong the xac dinh ti le hubng cao han nua vi nhu vay muc dong gop se rat cao nguai lao dong se kho co kha nang dap ung Ngubi lao dong hat nghiep ngoai tro cap duac huang hang thang de sinh song co dtrp- in cap dao tao nghe Muc dich cua viec thuc hien tro cap dao tao nglic nham tao dieu kien cho ngubi lao dong co the tim duac viec lam moi ma yeu cau doi mdi va hien dai hoa cong nghe hoac trinh chuyen mon id thu:’ hien lai khac vai trinh chuyen mon ki thuat ma nguai lao doi r da co buy nhien van de trp cap phu thuoc vao cac r yeu to sau day: Yeu cau tuyen dung ve chuyen mon ki thuat ma ngubi lao dong chua co; Nguon kinh ph dao tao lai phu hop vdi muc trp cap dao tao - I’hbi gian dao tao chi keo dai khoang 2-3 thang Cac traomg hpp tiioi huang trp cap that nghiep: ngubi that nghiep thoi hubng tro car that nghiep co mot cac truong hop sau: - id choi nhan lam viec ldai dupe gibi thieu cong viec phu hpp vdi chuyen mon nghe nghiep dupe dao tao hoac cong viec da lam trade thit nghiep: - Da co vice iam; 118 - Co nguon thu nhap khac; - let thbi han hirong trp cap that nghiep; - I rong thoi han hi phat tii giam • Thoi gian hudng tro cap that nghiep Thoi gian hirong trp can phu thuoc vao muc dong gop, kha nang tai chinh cua qim \ a mot sb yeu to khac nhu tinh hinh thuc te cua thi trudng lao dong, tuoi cua ngubi lao dong Tinh hinh thi trudng lao dong co the cho phep xac dinh thbi gian trung binh can thiet den ngubi lao dong tim duoc viec lam mod bao gon ca thoi gian dao tao va dao tao lai cho ngubi lab dong Ngoai a thbi gian dong gop cang dai thi thbi gian huong trp cap cang lau, tuoi cang can thi thbi gian hudng trp cap cang dai vi luc co hoi tim kiem vice lam mdi se cang kho khan hon () nude ta hie da co hai phuong an lira chon thbi gian hudng trp / r cap that nghiep dupe nghien cuu nhu sau: tupng khong phu thudi vao thdi gian dong gop va tuoi tac cua ngubi tham gia Da\ la phuong an xuat ngubi deu kao khan nhu deu can trp giup nhu Neu lira chon phuong an thi ihb: gian uong trp cap that nghiep tdi da co the la 12 thang heo dieu kien ;hi trudng lao dong Viet Nam thi 12 thang la khoang thbi gian toi d.a cho phep ngubi that nghiep co the tim dupe viec lam mdi, ke ca thdi gian dao tac va dao tao lai neu can - Phuong an idi giai hirong phu thuoc vao thbi gian dong gop cua ngubi lao dong Ung ho phuong an la nhung ngubi cho rang thoi gian dong gbp dai sc dupe huong trp cap that nghiep lau hon Phuong an cho thay sir tiron ng giu track nhiem dbng gbp va quyen lpi hudng trp cap 119 Ngudi thing nhieu lurong nhieu, ngudi dong ft hudng it, ngudi khong dong khong huong Theo phuong an co the lira chon thdi gian hudng nhu sau: di gia i dong Thdi gian hudng gop ti am) (thang) -J -5 ft-7 10 S-9 12 10 18 ' r Nhir vay, neu theo phuong an thi thdi gian hudng toi da chi la 18 thang nhirng de dupe h dng tro cap 18 thang thi thdi gian dong gop tdi thieu phai !•' if) na n Jhtr vay thdi gian hudng rat ngan so vdi thdi gian r r x dong gop de 'o li le dong gop se la tuong doi thap Chinh vi le dieu kien nude la hien k li muc song va thu nhap cua ngudi lao dong thap thi phuong an cd t nh kha thi cao hon va dupe nhieu ngudi ung ho hon ca • Phuong thuc dong gop vao quy Cd hai phuong t! ic dong gop : - ( an • a \ ao mu luong cua moi ngudi va tong quy luong hang than'g cua don vi di dong va rung C ach phu thuoc vao muc luong ca nhan va quy tien I iro’i g cua doai.h nghiep nen can phai quan li chat che X < - Can ar vac muc tien luong toi thieu theo quy dinh cua nha nudc, khong phan ’ iel ngudi cd luong cao hay thap Phuong thuc khong gan vdi thu nhap cue ngird- lao dong de gay vudng mac giai quyet trp cap, dong thoi ani- hudndi a viec huch toan kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep 120 Vi vay Viet Nam nen lira chon theo phuong thuc thu nhat - Phan 2: sir dung de chi tra cho cac hoat dong ho trp ngudi lao dong tim kiem im lam mdi, phan chiem khoang 20-30% quy X Thong thudng quy duoc phan chia phan nhu vay va phai chi tra cho nhung khoan sau: -+ Chi ua up cap hang li uig cho ngudi lao dong bi that nghiep: day la khoan chi Ion nltat, quan nhat; + Chi ho trp cho cac hoat dong tim kiem viec lam cho ngudi lao dong; + Chi quan li ' o Trent>, ihoi gian dau, khoan chi cho cac hoat dong ho trp tim kiem viec lam cho m>t mi hat nghiep ouy ho trp viec lam qudc gia dam nhiem Thuc day T: cat.T vita san e ve mm hi chinh vua san se garth nang cua cong tac i quan li l orn I i, can cu ao nhmm nhan to tren day xac dinh mot muc dong gop thich hop va the- chu so ung dong gop theo ti le 2/3, ngudi lao dong dong gop theo ti le I 121 Bl UN la mol van de kha phuc tap lien quan den viec thuc hien cac chinh sach kinh le - xa noi Do do, thoi gian quan BHTN da duoc Bo Lao dong - ti;irong binh - xa hbi va Bo Tai chinh nghien cuu nhung co nhieu van de chua thong nhat can ban luan Cho toi thoi diem nay, trien vong trien khai BHTN ia nil kha quan Chung ta da hoi tu tuong doi du cac dieu kien co ban cho sir doi cua che tro cap that nghiep - khuf1': lpi: + Nen kmh te node ta sau nhung buoc dau chuyen doi da dan di vao quy dao on dinh Dau nhung nam 90 sau vuot qua thdi ki khung hoang 1986-1^90, nun kinh le Viet Nam da bat dau khdi sac Den nam 1997, cuoc khung hoang tai chinh lien te khu vuc da anh hudng sau sac den nen kinh te nude ta tren nhieu mat Tuy nhien, tu nam 2000 tro lai day, giai doan khung hoang da qua toe tang trudng kinh te da tro lai on dinh; ti le that nghiep cd xu huong giam doi chut; dau tu phat trien kinh te tang nhanh tao them nhieu co- hoi viec lam cho ngudi lao dong h Bl l> H da dupe trien khai kha lau va dan di vao hoat dong on dinh, tao co so- tive -mac ch • viec thuc hien che trp cap that nghiep Bo may to chuc Bl 1XH thong nhat theo nganh doc tu trung uong den dia phuong da trai qua nhieu lan dieu chmh cho phu hop vdi yeu cau doi hoi cua thuc te; doi ngu can bo co trinh chuyen mon, tieh luy dupe nhieu kinh nghiem thuc te; co sd vai ciim la g lupc dau ur xay dung day du.v.v Ben canh do, nhan thuc cua nguoi dan ve bao hiem cung dupe cai thien len nhieu, do da co dupe su ung no ve viec irien khai BHTN cua eong dong Z •> • Ngu >'i lao dong dang cang co cuoc song on dinh hon, muc thp nhap bini quan dau ng rdi da lang len dang ke Do do, ngudi lao dong co kha 122 nang de tham gia dong gop vao quy ma lchong anh hudng den cuoc song sinh hoat hang ngav + Tin among u dong luong nhat ca nudc, he thong phap luat ve lao dong dupe ban hard va thudng xuyen dupe sua doi, bo sung; bat dau co r r he thong trui a lam xue lien vice lam - Kho han: + Ti Ic that nghiep d nudc ta mac du da cd xu hudng giam di doi chut nhung van d muc kha cao Ma thuc hien che bao hiem that nghiep, chi dat dupe nicu qua nen kinh te xa hoi da phat trien den mot muc nhat dinh voi li le that nghiep vua du ' f i f + V:"'! Nam la nude co so lao dong thong cao, hien chu yeu la / Z/■ that nghiep co can, that nghiep cong nghe; tinh trang that nghiep tarn thdi va a \ van de chuyen dich lao dong giua cac dia phuong xay mot each thudng xuyen Do do, che BHTN se kho thuc hien, de bi lam dung hoac khong dupe chap nhan neu chinh sach de khong phu hop Nhu vay mac du cung co nhung kho khan dang ke nhung viec trien khai tro \p that nghiep d Viet Nam thdi gian tdi la tuong doi thuan loi va kha quan Chung la can tan dung dieu kien de nhanh chong trien khai BHTN cho ngtrdi lac long 123 Cac buoc trien khai rtf cap that nghiep tf Viet Nam then gian ttfi % Bi l l N la hoan loan mdi me doi vdi ntfdc ta, vi vay qua trinh t6 chite trien khai theo tac gia ciin thiet phai chia lam hai giai doan cu thd (2005-2010 v.i 2011 tro Ji) cho i >hit hop vdi didu kien kinh te- xa hdi cua di't ntfdc va irmh id elide ditfc hiem 4.1 Giai doan 2005-2010 r Da\ la giai doan co' so vd cung quan trong, quyet dinh su cong cua viec trici khai Bl I'I N d rude ta Trong giai doan nay, chung ta nen ap dung mot pham vi nho hop de rut kinh nghiem * /)/ i Ip'll Thuc Uj) an oat 'hud ■ doi di cac doi tupng sau: i - Nhtfng ngtfdi lam cone an luong cac doanh nghidp thudc khu vtfc quo 'ouiih; - Ngudi lao dong lam vice cac co quan Dang, doan the, co quan hanh chinh su nghiep khong phai la cong chuc; - Ngu'oi lao d< ,ig Viet nam lam viec cac doanh nghidp cd vdn dau tu utfov ngoai, khu die xuat va cac khu edng nghidp, cac doanh nghidp cua cac id chuc Dang, doan the co quan hanh chinh su nghiep Cm d( i luong na\ cd dimi kien dong gop hinh quy va de dang quan li * Dieu kien hu'd'np tro cap that nghiep - Phai cd tir »i gian dong BHTN thieu la 12 thang 124 I - That nghiep k hoi - Phai dang ky lhai nghiep, dang ky tim kiem vide lam tai cor quan lao ddng co tham Phai - tpiyki de san sang phai ldi cua ngudi lao ddng Nha nude c|uy dinh lam vice Thoi gian chd de dupe nhan trp cap la 30 ke tir dang ki that nghiep Khong co hu nha' khac thdi gian that nghiep - Neu ngudi lao dong that nghiep don phuong cham dut hop ddng lao ddng trai phap luat, bi sa thai vi pham ky luSt lao ddng, tir chdi khdng di lam viec >c khong duoc huong tro' cap BHTN * A//i'c ■lu'o'ny vu thoi gian hwong tro cap that nghiep - Ve mire huong trp cap, ngudi lao dong that nghiep dupe hudng trp r r -v cap that nghiep hang thang la 60% tien luong lam can cu dong gop trudc bi mat \ iec i:mi I - Ve thoi gian huong trp cap ap dung theo phuong an phu thuoc vao /• thdi gian ddng gop cua ngudi lao dong Cu the: neu thdi gian dong gop tir r A f den nam th: thdi gian hudng trp cap la thang, neu thdi gian dong gop la den nam thi thdi gian htrong trp cap la thang * A' gu -’I hinh iha/ih quy X / Quy dupe hinh tir nhung nguon chu yeu sau: - Ngudi lao dong ddng gop - ( a sir dang lao dong dong gop - Ngan m h nha nude ho trp, bit thieu 125 - Cac nguon khac nhu dau tir, tirthien Trong ngnoi lao dong va chu str dung lao dong dong gop can cu vao tien luong va tong quy luong hang thang cua don vi vdi ti le dong gop tuong ung la 1/3 va Qu\ duoc sir dung de chi tra cho nhung khoan sau: - Chi tra tro- cap cho ngudi lao dong bi that nghiep; W ' - Chi ho tro cho cac hoat dong tim kiem viec lam cho ngudi lao dong; - Chi piti quan li 4.2 ( iit j doan tic 2010 tro di (h.u ng la se rut kinh nghiem thdi ky dau va to chuc trien khai BHTN iron g pham vi ca nudc Thdi ky BHTN co the md rong doi tuong tham gia Hat buoc nhu: Doi vdi ngudi lao dong cac doanh nghidp ngoai quoc do; i ngudi lao dong lam viec theo hop dong lao ddng tir thang tro ldn , ng ti cd the md rong trien khai ca hinh thuc tu nguydn ddi vdi t