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637 LV-TTJS DHKTQP BO OIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRUING DAI HOC K1NII TE QUOC DAN THAI TH1 HONG MINH HOAN THIEN QUAN LY DICH VU XUAT KHAU LAO DONG CUA • • • BO LAO DONG - THUONG B1NH VA XA HOI LOAN VAN THAC SI K1NH TH HA NOI - 2003 BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO /\x X - /V TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN THAI THI HONG MINH hoan thien quan ly dich vu xuat khau lao dong cua • • • bo lao dong - thi^cong binh va xa hoi • • • LUAN VAN THAC SI KINH TE CHUYEN NGANH KINH TE THUONG MAI GIAO VI£n HG6NG DAN: TS NGUYEN THEA LOG THS G^r HA NOI - 2003 âdot &n d Qtci, itgdg thdng itdnt 2003 (Jde gid (Jhdi (Jhi Jfictig Utiuh MUC LUC TRANG MUC Lol cam an Danh muc cac chft viet tat Danh muc cac bang,bieu, sa Ma dau CHUONG I: Lt LUAN CHUNG QLNN v£ DVXKLD 11 1.1 DichvuXKLD 11 1.1.1 Khai niem, dac diem cua DVXKLD 11 1.1.2 Vai tro cua DVXKLD 16 1.2 Sy c&n thiet va noi dung cua QLNN ve DVXKLD 21 1.2.1 Sy cdn thiet 21 1.2.2 Noi dung QLNN ve DVXKLD 23 1.3 Cac nhan to anh htfdng den XKLD va QLNN ve DVXKLD 25 1.3.1 Cac nhftn to ben ngoai 25 1.3.2 Cac nhftn to ben 27 1.4 Kinh nghiem quan ly DVXKLD a mot so nudc va kha nang 29 ap dung d Viet Nam 1.4.1 Kinh nghiem cua Indonesia 29 1.4.2 Kinh nghiem cua Philippin 32 1.4.3 Kinh nghiem cua Thai Lan 40 1.4.4 Kha nang ap dung kinh nghiem quan ly DVXKLD 42 cua cac nudc vao Viet Nam CHUONG II: THUC TRANG QLNN Vf£ DVXKLD CUA BO 44 LD-TBXH GIAI DOAN 1996-2002 2.1 Gidi thieu chung v6 Bo LD-TBXH va churc nang QLNN vd 44 DVXKLD cua Bo LD-TBXH 2.1.1 Chiic nang, nhiem vu, co cau bo may cua Bo LD-TBXH 44 2.1.2 He thong to chut QLNN ve DVXKLD d nude ta 49 2.2 Cac giai doan phat trien va cac hinh thuc XKLD 51 2.3 Thue trang QLNN ve DVXKLD giai doan 1996-2002 56 2.3.1 Chien luqc, quy hoach va ke hoach XKLD giai doan 56 1996-2002 2.3.2 H6 thO'ng van ban quy pham phap luSt hi6n hanh duqc 57 ban hanh giai doan 1996-2002 2.3.3 To chuc thuc hien chien luqc, ke hoach 62 2.3.4 Giam sat, ki^m tra 65 2.3.5 Danh gia va didu chinh 66 2.4 Phfln tich ket qua dal duqc va mot so ket luAn 66 2.4.1 Ket qua cua boat dong XKLD 66 2.4.2 Ket qua cua QLNN vd DVXKLD 82 2.4.3 Danh gia 84 CHUONG III: PHUONG HUONG VA GlAi PIIAP HOAN 95 THI&N QLNN Vf£ DVXKLD CUA BO LD-TBXH 3.1 Muc tieu, phuong hudng cua Nha nude phat trien XKLD va 95 quan ly DVXKLD 3.1.1 Muc tieu 95 3.1.2 Phuong hudng 96 3.2 Giai phap hoan thien 98 3.2.1 Ve luAt phap va chnih sach 98 3.2.2 Ve to chuc thuc hien 99 3.2.3 Tang cubng tra, kiem tra cac DN lam dich vu de 103 dieu chinh 3.2.4 Hoach dinh chien lucre XKLD cua Bo LD-TBXH giai doan 2002-2005 105 3.2 Ve each thuc quan ly de thuc hien chien luqc 106 3.3 Cac dieu kien tien de cSn thiet 111 3.3.1 Dieu kien ben ngoai 111 3.3.2 Dieu kien ben 117 Ket luan 119 Danh muc tai lieu tham khao 121 X DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT XuA't khdu lao dong XKLD BO LD-TBXH Bo Lao dong - Thuong binh va Xa hOi Cue QLLDNN Cue Quan ly Lao dong vdi Nude ngoai DVXKLD Dich vu Xuat kh^u Lao dong DN Doanh nghiep QLNN Quan ly Nha nude LD Lao dong SLD Sire lao dong DANH MUC CAC BANG, BIEU, SO DO Ten bang, bieu, so Trang Cac bang Bang 1.1 : Viec chuyen tien cua LD Indonesia ve nude 18 Bang 2.2: So lieu thong ke ve ngudi LD nude ngoai lam 74 viec tai Dai Loan den cuoi 2001 Bang 2.3 : Co cau nganh nghd LD nude ngoai lam viec tai 74 Dai Loan den thang 6/2001 Bang 2.4: Mot so DN dien hinh XKLD sang Dai Loan 75 Bang 2.5: Thu nhap cua LD Viet Nam tai mot so nude 86 Bang 2.6+2.7: Mot so chi tieu danh gia hieu qua kinh te - 87 xa hoi cua DVXKLD Bang 2.8: Tong ket ket qua XKLD giai doan 1996-2002 88 Bang 2.9: So sanh mot so chi tieud XKLD cua Viet Nam 93 vdi mot so nude khu vuc giai doan 1996-2002 Bang 3.10: Co cau XK dich vu nam 2005 va 2010 95 Bang 3.11: Dac diem TTLD cua cac nude khoi 113 ASEAN Cac bieu Bieu 2.1: So lupng LD dua di XKLD hang nam giai doan 55 1996-2002 Bieu 2.2: So luqng LD di Nhat Ban giai doan 1996-2002 68 Bieu 2.3: So ltrong LD di Han Quoc giai doan 1996-2002 72 Bieu 3.4: Ty co can XK dich vu nam 2005 va 2010 96 Cac so So 2.1: He thong to chtrc QLNN v6 DVXKLD 51 So 2.2: Quy trinh dang ky, tuyen chon LD di XKLD 80 ngudi ldn 4-5 ngudi de dam bao yeu cdu cong viec; Gift nguydn cac Ban quan ly LD tai LB Nga, CHLB DUc, CH Sec vdi so luo’ng can bo phu hop, nham tri cac TTLD truyen thong cua ta, noi hien mot so luong ldn ngudi Viet Nam di hop tac LD d lai lam an sinh song, dong thdi tiep tuc xu ly nhftng va'n de ton tai cua Hiep dinh cu, tim bien phap thuc ddy thuc hien Hiep dinh mdi phu hop vdi chu truong cua Dang va Nha nudc, qua co the tim doi tac dua LD sang nudc thu ba Cung cdn chu ddu tu cho viec dao tao, boi dudng doi ngu can bo lam cong tac quan ly LD ve chuyen mOn, nghiep vu, kien thuc ve lanh su, ngoai giao, phap luat, nang cao trinh ngoai ngft, kinh nghiem xu ly cac tinh hudng, vu viec ve tranh cha'p LD thudng xay d nudc ngoai giup ho co du trinh do, nang luc de thuc hien nhiem vu QLNN ve linh vuc XKLD d nudc ngoai 3.3 Cac dieu kien tien de can thiet 3.3.1 Dieu kien ben ngoai Chau A la noi cu tru cua hon mot nua dan so', gdn 2/3 nguon LD the' gidi va se tiep tuc la khu vuc co nguon di cu ldn nha't the gidi Gdn day, so' luong ldn di cu dong co kinh te pham vi Chau A da tang mot cach dang ke, lam noi len nhftng va'n de mdi cho khu vuc d chau A, viec di cu duoc xem nhe nhang hon chau Au va Bac My, noi ngudi' ta noi den quyen ngudi, quyen dan chu va chu nghia da van hoa Trong thuc te', vi£c nhap cu da duoc xem xet va hinh cac chfnh sach Nhung d chau A, viec can nhac di cu don thudn chi la va'n de kinh te Cac chfnh sach di cu duoc de phu thuu>c vao nhu cdu cua TTLD va muc tieu phat trien cua nudc nhan LD Gdn day, ca d Nhat Ban, su thieu hut LD da gay suc ep de sua doi cac chfnh sach nhap cu vo'n ra't khac nghiet cua da't nudc Chfnh quyen Hong KOng ding trai qua viec di cu nang ne da bat ddu mot ke" hoach nhap LD chfnh thuc O Snggfiore, Bo LD dua ke hoach de thud mudn LD nudc ngoai cho phep ccc cOng ty co co hoi tao viec da'u thdu cao nha't, nhung viec di cu khOng ndn coi ton gian nhu la mot giai phap do'i vdi nhu cdu TTLD tam thdi Ngudi LD sau he't han hop dong khOng muon trd ve, cang nhieu cac nudc chau A phat trie’n 111 phai ddi mat vdi nhtrng va'n dd dan sd cua chinh ho Viec cung ung LD bi giam, tang dan sd va giam tai nguyen da't nudc, mot vai trudng hop thay the d muc tha'p hon, nhung nudc ndy khdng cd kha nang coi vide nhap cu chi la mdt va'n dd TTLD ma phai coi nd la mdt bo phan cau cua su phat trien thdi ky lau dai hon va su thay doi vd nhan khau hoc Ddi mat vdi viec di cu lau dai da dan den nhung su cang thang xa hoi giua nhung nhom dan toe chau A O Malaysia, cac cuoc xung dot da no giua dan nhap cu Indonesia bat hop phap vdi dan Malaysia, ho lo lang rang viec nhan them nhung ngudi nhap cu ngheo Indonesia se lam cho luong va tieu chudn song cua ngudi Malaysia ngheo di O Singapore, mot nhom thieu sd ngudi Malaysia va Indonesia phan doi manh me chinh sach cua Chfnh phu vd viec khuye'n khfch dan nhap cu tir Hong Kong, vi ho e rang nd se lam nghieng di can can chung toe dan ngudi Anh ldn hon ngudi Trung Quo'c Mot nhung net noi bat nha't cua ddng di cu chau A la mdt so lupng di cu nu pham vi chau A cang gia tang Day la mot phan su thay doi vd kinh te va mot pluln co ca'u cua luat nhap cu phdn ldn LD di cu tir chau A sang Trung Dong lam cac du an xay dung va co sd tdng Nhung gdn day nhu cdu doi vdi LD dich vu, giup viec gia dinh, y ta va giai tri cang phat trien Ra't nhieu nudc chau A nhu Singapore, Malaysia va Hong KOng da cd nhung didu khoan dac biet cho phep nhan LD giup viec gia dinh Ngay so lupng nu Phillippin ddng hon nam gidi de di cu de'n cac nudc pham vi khu vuc chau A Cung cd cang nhidu nu di cu Indonesia va Srilanca hon la nam Mac du viec cho phep phu nu tre chua chong di nudc ngoai cd thd’ phan anil mot thai dd tu hon, nhung dd lai khdng phai la su edn thid't cho dia vi LD nu Cac co quan tuyen dung ddng mot vai tro co y nghia viec khai thac trict de, gia tang viec di cu Ngay nd cd the dupe goi la mot ndn cong nghiep nhap cu va di cu Ra't nhidu ngudi, hoac la hop phap hoac la bat hop phap, tao mot edng vide ma khdng edn su giup cua ngudi khac di di cu Sau day, chung ta xem xet tinh hlnh XKLD cua mot so' nudc khoi ASEAN 112 Cac nirdc ASEAN co the chia nhom: - Nhom nirdc XKLD: Thai Lan, Philipin, Indonesia, Vi6t Nam, Myanma - Nirdc nhap khdu LD: Malaysia, Singapore, Lao, Brunei, Campuchia BANG 11: DAC DlliM TTLD CUA CAC NUOC TRONG KHOI ASEAN Nirdc Nhap khau LD XKLD Brunei - Nhap LD: chuydn gia va LD ban lanh nghe Campuchia - Mdi thuc hien - Chi nhan LD ky thuat dd thuc hien cac du - XKLD ban lanh nghe vdi an cd vdn FDI quy md rat nhd - Cd nhidu LD khdng nghe tir cac nudc - Da cd thoa thuAn khung vdi khac cd chung dudng bidn gidi Malaysia Lao - XKLD ban lanh nghe vdi - Nhap LD cd lay nghe theo du an FDI quy md rat nhd Malaysia - Chi XKLD nhung thi trudng - Nhap LD nguon chu yeu la Philipin, cd mdc luong cao: Singapore, Indonesia, Thai Lan, Bangladesh Dai Loan, Nhat Ban - Tdn tai nhidu LD nudc ngoai den khdng theo hqp ddng chinh thuc Singapore - Nhap ca LD lanh nghd va ban lanh nghe - Nhu cau ldn LD giup vide gia dinh - Cd chinh sach thu hut LD lanh nghe Indonesia - XKLD quy md ldn: binh quan 30 van LD/nam - Quy md LD di tu ldn, chu yd'u tdi Malaysia - Tlii trudng chu yeu: Trung Ddng va Chau A Myanma - Quy md LD tdi Thai Lan rat - Nhap khdu LD vdi sd luqng gidi han la ldn, chu yeu di theo kenh LD ky thuat khdng chinh thuc 113 Philipin - Quy md XKLD ldn nha't khoi ASEAN - Binh quan XK 50 van LD/nam (khdng bao gom LD di bien) - Thi trudng quan trong: Trung Dong va Dong A Thai Lan - Quy md XKLD ldn: Binh - Cd khoang 1,2 tridu LD nudc ngoai, chu quan 19 van LD/nam yeu LD ban lanh nghd cua Myanma, Lao, - Tlii trudng chu yd'u: Dai Campuchia Loan, Nhat Ban, Han Quoc, - LD chu yeu la ngu dan, che bien va nong Singapore, Malaysia nghiep tai cac nudc cd chung bien gidi - LD nudc ngoai cd nghd duoc tuyen chon thuc hidn theo cac du an tir nguon vdn FDI Khu vuc Dong Nam A la khu vuc gan gui vd dia ly, tuong ddng ve phong tuc Sir hop tac giua nudc ta vdi cac nudc khu vuc vd moi linh vuc cd chi£u hudng phat trien kha tot dep Kho khan doi vdi nudc ta la, mot mat phai canh tranh gay gat vdi nhom nudc XKLD cd kinh nghiem nhieu nam, hang nam xua't khdu khoang 1,5 trieu LD nudc ngoai Mac khac, cac nudc tiep nhan LD khu vuc (ngoai thi trirdng Lao) cd chfnh sach uu tien tiep nhan LD theo dao Hoi va cd quan he truydn thong, chua cd chu truong nhan LD Viet Nam Mdi day, Bo LD - TBXH da tien hanh danh gia vd cac T1LD quoc te, nham xac lap mOt chid'n luoc phat trien thi trudng lau dai cho edng tac XKLD thdi gian tdi Cac chuyen gia Bo LD - TBXH nhan dinh, thi trudng sir dung LD nudc ngoai khu vuc va tren the gidi da cd su thay doi can ban ve nhu cau sir dung, chat lirpng va co cdu tiep nhan LD - Thu nha't, cac nudc ddu quan tam ap dung tie'n bo khoa hoc ky thudt, tap trung ddu tu doi mdi va hien dai hoa cong nghe san xud't, doi hoi su dung LD cd chdt luong cao ddn den viec giam dang kd so luong LD nudc ngoai cd gia thud nhan cong 114 - Thii hai, vi muc tieu sieu Icti nhuAn va gia nhan cong noi dia cao, thay vi sir duog LD nudc hoac nhap khAu LD nudc ngoai, cac nudc phat trien da va dang chuyen dich dAu tu tu ban va cong nghe san xua't xua't sang cac nudc ngheo cd gia nhan cong tha'p va cac dich vu re - Thu ba, TTLD qudc te vAn cd nhu cAu ldn ve sir dung LD nudc ngoai, nhung chi tap trung vao mdt sd lTnh vuc la: + LD don gian, luong tha'p + LD nang nhoc, moi trudng lam viec kem vd sinh + LD dich vu va giup viec gia dinh + LD ky thuat cao va chuyen gia mot sd nganh san xua't kinh doanh, ke ca chuyen gia phAn mem tin hoc + LD tren bien gom si quan, thuy thii vAn tai bien va LD danh bAt hai san - Thir tu, cac nudc dang phat trien du thira LD tie'p tuc dAy manh XKLD khic'n sir canh tranh cang gay gat Theo cac nha chuyen mon, tai khu vuc Ddng Nam A, Viet Nam mot mat phai canh tranh vdi nhom nudc XKLD cd nhieu kinh nghiem (Thai Lan, Malaysia va Myanmar hang nam xua't khAu khoang 1,5 trieu LD), mot mat phai vuqt qua trd ngai la phAn ldn cac nudc tie'p nhan LD khu vuc dang cd chfnh sach uu tien tie'p nhan LD cd quan he LD truyen thdng, chua cd chu truong nhan LD Viet Nam Khu vuc Dong BAc A noi len d thi trudng dang luu y nha't la Nhat Ban, Dai Loan va Han Qudc vdi cac nganh nghd chu yeu la cong nhan ky thuat xi nghiep cong nghiep co khi, dien tir, det may, xAy dung, cau dudng, che bien hai san, dich vu gia dinh va danh ca Tren thuc te, khu vuc dang tie'p nhan khoang 40% sd LD xua't khAu cua Viet Nam va day cung duqc coi la khu vuc nhidu tiem nang tuong lai Tuy nhidn cung khong qua lac quan bdi d cac thi trudng cung dang cd su thay doi dang ke ve chinh sach cua Nha nudc anh hudng tdi viec XKLD cua Viet Nam Chang han d Dai Loan, Chfnh phu da ban hanh chfnh sach giam LD nudc ngoai, dac biet han che gia tang LD khan ho cong va giup viec gia dinh dA giam tinh trang that nghiep nudc, giam gid lam vide tir 48h/tuan xuong 42h/tuAn, gia tang phf cong chting ho so, chfnh sach tang cudng cho'ng trdn, cac VA'n dd vd nhan quydn, giam tidn 115 luong toi thidu cua ngudi nudc ngoai lam viec tai Dai Loan, Con tai Han Quoc, dd doi vdi tinh trang mat can doi TTLD noi dia, Chfnh phu da cong bO "Phuong cham tuydn dung LD nudc ngoai" mdi nham tang tinh linh hoat viec tuyen dung LD, theo den thang 3/2003, 276.000 LD nudc ngoai cu tru bat hop phap rdi khoi Han Quoc, sau se nang muc tiep nhan tu nghiep sinh nudc ngoai nam 2003 len co the tdi 180.000 ngudi (so vdi muc 126.000 nam 2002) cac DN vira va nho duoc tiep nhan 130.000 ngudi, ngoai la cho cac xf nghiep danh bat ca, linh vuc nong nghiep va xay dung Cac chuyen gia cua Bo LD - TBXH cung nhan dinh, chau Phi la khu vuc co kha nang tiep nhan LD nudc ngoai chu yeu thong qua cac du an xay dung, ben canh viec thu hut cac chuyen gia linh vuc giao duc, y te, nong nghiep Tuy nhien, kho khan doi vdi LD Viet Nam la khf hau nang nong, phong tuc, tap quan kha khat khe, tien luong tha'p, yeu cau ve trinh tay nghe va y thuc to chuc ky luat cao Khu vuc cac nudc khoi EU nhung nam tdi se khan hiem LD, mac du hien ho chi uu tien su dung LD cong dong vdi cha't luong cao Theo du bao cua cac chuyen gia thuoc To chdc LD Quoc te (ILO) thi td den nam 2005, cac nudc EU se phai nhap them 159 trieu LD de dam bao co cau LD nhu hien Vi vay, Viet Nam co the tiep can thi trudng linh vuc cong nghe cao Cac nudc vung Vinh tie'p nhan LD nudc ngoai ldn nhat Hang nam co khoang 9-10 trieu LD nudc ngoai lam viec tai cac nudc A rap Saudi, Tieu vuong qud'c A rap thong nhat (UAE), Co oet, Li bang, I rac Dac diem va yeu cdu cua khu vuc la: nganh nghd da dang nhu xay dung, dich vu, may mac, giup viec gia dinh, cong nghiep ; dieu kien lam viec khat khe, khf hau va moi trudng sinh hoat khac nghiet, cong viec chu yeu ngoai trdi nang nong, tien luong tha'p (100-150 USD/lhang doi vdi LD tay nghe tha'p, 150-300USD/thang doi vdi cong nhan ky thuat, ky su, can bo quan ly ) nhung phai chiu nhieu loai thue'; phong tuc tap quan dao Hoi nghiem ngat; quan he ngoai giao vdi nudc ta chua phat trien Tuy nhien, de khai thac duoc nhung loi the' va han che' kho khan tham gia vao thi trudng XKLD quoc te', cac nha chuyen mon cho rang, LD Viet Nam can phai vuqt qua duoc khong ft rao can Do la viec trinh tay nghe, ngoai ngu han che', y thdc chap hanh phap luat, ky luat LD, ky luat sinh hoat va kha nang thfch nghi chua tot, loi the' ve gia nhan cong re cua Viet ' Nam dang ma't ddn Nhieu 116 nudc va trudc het la cac nudc khu vuc hidn deu nhan thurc va dat XKLD nhu mot chien luoc quoc gia ve giai quyet viec lam Day la mot thach thirc ldn tao nen su canh tranh gay gat tai cac thi trudng tiep nhan LD cua nhidu nude, dac biet la cac thi trudng diem ma ta hudng tdi Ngoai ra, su khac biet ve van hoa, ngon ngu va ton giao tai cac thi trudng tiep nhan LD se luon la thach thuc khong nho ddi vdi XKLD Viet Nam 3.3.2 Dieu kien ben Su phoi ket hop, phan cong, phan ca'p quan ly cu the giua cac Bo, nganh va dia phuong ca nudc Trong giai doan trudc, chung la da khdng cd duoc su phan cong, phan ca'p ddy du Cac BO, nganh, dia phuong gdn nhu dung ngoai cudc do'i vdi cac DN true thuoc cua minh, de mac cho nganh LD xir ly cac su co, sai pham Hidn nay, de ddy manh quan ly DVXKLD, dac biet la giam thieu cac hien tuong lira dao, lam thu dan, Bo LD - TBXH da tien hanh thi diem ket hop thuc hien quan ly giua Bo vdi cac UBND dia phuong, ma trudc het d tinh Phu Tho va Hai Duong cho viec dua LD di sang thi trudng Malaysia Su phoi ket hop khong cd nghia la chuyen giao quydn tuyen dung, tao nguon LD cua DN cho dia phuong ma la tang cudng hon trach nhiem cua lanh dao dia phuong ddi vdi viec dua ngudi LD cua dia phuong minh nudc ngoai lam viec Tai timg tinh, Ban chi dao XKLD dong chi Pho chu tich UBND tinh lam trudng ban cung cac vien: Sd LD-TBXH, Cong an, Y te, Tai chinh Vat gia, Ngan hang true tiep giai quyet cac va'n dd lien quan den hoat dong XKLD, ddng thdi xay dung co che, chfnh sach tao dieu kidn thuan lqi cho ngudi LD nhu hd tro chi phi dao tao, giao due dinh hudng, giup ngudi ngheo duqc vay vo'n uu dai; Chi dao ca huyen, xa cd trach nhiem phd'i hop va tao dieu kien thuan lqi de cac DN lam DVXKLD vd dia phuong tuyen chon LD Viec cac DN tuyen chon LD true tiep tai dia phuong da giup ngudi LD giam bdt chi phi, chon duqc nhung LD cd sure khoe, pham cha't dao due tot, cac thu tuc hanh chinh duqc don gian hoa, bao dam ydu cdu ve tie'n thuc hidn cua hqp dong Md hinh phoi hqp gitra DN va chinh quydn dia phuong la mot each lam hay edn duqc nhdn long Tho'ng nha't QLNN moi loai hinh di LD hoac thuc tap ndng cao tay nghd tai nudc ngoai, bao ve quyen lqi cho ngudi di, dong thdi bao vd va nang cao uy tin cua ngudi LD noi chung va cua da't nudc noi rieng Nghien cdu de’ ban hanh mot quy trinh 117 lam thu tuc xua't canh rieng, thong nhat, don gian nhung chat che cho ngudi di LD hoac thuc tAm nAng cao tay nghe d nudc ngoai Co co che va quy dinh cu the cho cac co quan Nha nudc va co quan bao ve phap luAt phoi hop xu ly theo phap luAt moi hanh vi vi pham cac chfnh sach ve XKLD Giao trach nhiem cu the cho cac Bo, nganh; hoac lAp mot hoi dong tu van ve XKLD gom cac vien cua Bo LD-TBXH, Bo Ngoai giao, Bo Noi vu Bo LD-TTiXH lam chu tich de tu van ve chu truong va dieu phoi hoat dong giua cac co quan chuc nang Khuyen khfch va dua vao quan ly theo phap luAt doi vdi LD di lam viec d nudc ngoai theo cac lien doanh va ca nhAn tu tim viec lam d nudc ngoai va doi vdi nhung ngudi xi d lai nudc ngoai viec hop phap sau ket thuc hop dong LD 118 KET LUAN Doi chieu vdi muc tieu nghien cuu dd ra, luftn van da dat duoc nhung cong co ban sau: He thdng hoa duoc nhung va'n de ly luAn vd DVXKLD, QLNN vd DVXKLD Dac biet Chuong da neu duoc vai trd cua DVXKLD, sir cAn thiet phai co QLNN boat dong DVXKLD, noi dung va cac nhan td anh hudng tcri QLNN vd DVXKLD Day la co sd ly luan khoa hoc de dd cac giai phap d Chuong Ddng thdi chuong I, luan van cung da chuan xac hoa nhan thuc vd mot sd khai niem nhu: XKLD, DVXKLD, QLNN vd DVXKLD Luan van da phan tfch duoc loan dien thuc trang quan ly DVXKLD cua Bo LD-TBXH thong qua cac noi dung nhu: cac giai doan phat trien, noi dung quan ly nhu xAy dung chien luqc, quy hoach, ke hoach, he thdng van ban phap luflt, to chuc thuc hien, giam sat kiem tra, danh gia va didu chinh Day la co sd dd luAn van dua nhung danh gia, nhan xet va ket luan vd boat dong QLNN linh vuc XKLD cua Bo LD-TBXH thdi gian qua Thong qua cac sd lieu, tu lieu dAy du, phong phu va cAp nhat, luan van da phan anh duqc tinh hinh phat trien hoat dong XKLD nhu sd luqng, chat luqng lao dong dua di, sd luqng thi trudng, sd ngoai te thu vd nudc, sd tidn tiet kiem duqc tir viec giam chi phf tao chd lam viec nudc Cac sd lieu khong phan anh true tiep ket qua cua QLNN vd DVXKLD qua trinh phat trien cua XKLD nhung cung da neu bat duqc vai trd quan cua QLNN cong tac XKLD Tir tha'y rang, tang cudng QLNN vd DVXKLD se la dong luc ldn gdp phAn phat trien XKLD Vdi cac phuong phap xir ly sd lidu khoa hoc va each tie'p can van dd toan dien, luan van da dua duqc nhung nhan xet xac thuc vd thuc trang QLNN vd DVXKLD la: - Vd cong: + Cong tac QLNN vd DVXKLD da di vao nd nep da gdp phan on dinh va md long thi trudng XKLD 119 + Co co che quan ly he thong cac DN XKLD, giup cac DN tirng budc thfch nghi va phat trien co che mdi + Ban hanh duoc quy che quan ly tin dung tai chinh theo hudng han che lam thu va tang cudng khuyen khfch ngudi ngheo di XKLD + Xay dung duoc co che tuyen chon, dao tao va hudng dan LD xuat khau + QLNN vd DVXKLD da dong gop nhat dinh vd nguon thu ngoai te cho da't nudc va tang thu nhap cho ngudi LD - Ve ton tai: + Ve nhan thuc: chua gSn vdi cac giai phap to chuc thuc hidn phu hop + Vd phap luat va chfnh sach: thieu cu the, chua dong bo + Vd to chuc thuc hien: quan ly chua chat che, thieu su phoi hop kiem tra, kiem soat, chua co su dau tu thoa dang cho phat trien thi trudng + Vd kiem tra: long leo, chua xd ly tridt de cac trudng hop vi pham, thieu che’ tai xu ly - Vd nguyen nhan: + XKLD la mot linh vuc kinh te dac thu, mdi me, co ft kinh nghiem lai phai canh tranh vdi nhidu nudc didu kien cac chfnh sach tiep nhan LD cua cac nirdc lien tuc thay doi + Cac co quan QLNN thieu su phoi hop, DN thieu vd nhan luc va tai luc, cong tac dao tao LD chua duoc quan tam, thong tin, tuyen truydn han che' Thong qua mqc t ieu, phuong hudng cua Nha nudc tnong phat trien xuat khdu dich vu noi chung va XKLD noi rieng duoc trinh bay d Chuong 3, luan van da manh dan dua mot sO giai phap de hoan thien QLNN vd DVXKLD cua Bo LD-TBXH nhu tiep tuc trinh Chfnh phu cac dd an doi mdi va hoan thien he thong chfnh sach, luat phap vd hoat dong cua cac DN tham gia cung Ung DVXKLD; tang cudng cong tac to chuc thuc hien; day manh kiem tra, giam sat; da’y manh cac hoat dong ngoai giao cap Nha nudc nham tao md thi trudng, md dudng cho hoat dong tac aghidg cua cac DN cung nhu tim kiem thong tin giup cac DN co suc 120 canh tranh hon tren TTLD th# gidi Cac giai phap tren phai duqc thirc hien tren quan diem phan biet ro chuc nang QLNN vdi chuc nang kinh doanh DVXKLD, tang cudng QLNN nham nang cao hieu qua cua kinh doanh DVXKLD DiCu kien de dam bao QLNN cd hieu qua hon la phai ket hqp giua quan ly nudc vdi quan ly d nudc ngoai, quan ly d cap trung uong va phan ca'p manh me cho dia phuong 121 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO NguySn XuSn An, (2002), Hdi thao Osaka-Nliat Ban, Tap chf Vice lam ngoai nude so 3/2002 Phan Thi Be, (1999), Xay dung ca che tai chinh ben XKLD, Tap cln Vice lam ngoai nude so 2/1999 Bo LD - TBXH, Van ban lotting dan thi hanh Bo luat LD, Nha xuat ban LDXH 2000 Bo LD - TBXH, ttdz dap ve XKLD, Nha xua't ban LD-XH 2001 Bo LD-TBXH, XKLD vd chuyen gia thdi ky 1996-2000 vd plutang hitting tdi, Tap chf LD va xa hoi sd 163, thang 6/2000 BO phan Quan ly LD Viet Nam tai Dai Bac, (2001), LD nutic ngoai ti Ddi Loan-So lieu vd nhan dinh, Tap chf Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 2/2001 Bo Thuong mai, Chien luqc xuat nhap khau giai doan 2001-2010 PGS.TS Nguyen Duy Bpt (chu bien), Giao trinh Thuang mai Quoc te, Nha xua't ban Thdng ke 1997 PGS.TS Nguyen Duy Bot (chu bien), Mot sd van de ve Thuong mai quoc te vd phat trien thi trudng xuat khau cua Viet Nam (sach chuyen khdo), Nha xuat ban Thong ke 2002 10 Cue QLLDNN, (1999), Ket qua XKLD thoi ky 1991-1999, Tap chf Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 6/1999 11 Cue QLLDNN, (2002), Mot sdthay doi tren TTLD Han Quoc vd Ddi Loan, Tap chf LD-XH so 187/2002 12 GS.TS To Xuan Dan (chu bien), Giao trinh Kinh te hoc quoc te, Nha xuat ban Thdng ke 1999 13 Manuel Imson (Bo LD va viec lam Phillipin), (2000), Kinh nghiem cua Phillipin tim kiem viec lam ngoai nutic, Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 4/2000 14 Dao Cong Hai, (2002), Tu nghiep sinh Viet Nam lqi Nhat Ban, Han Quoc: ton tai vd giai phap, Tap chf LD va Xa hoi sd 197/2002 15 Nguyfin Ba Hai, (2001), Tlii trudng Malaysia: thdi cu vd dinli hudng tiep can, Tap chf LD va xa hoi sd 171, thang 2/2001 16 Thuy-Hang, (1999), Vi can co chinh sach cho LD nude ngoai, Tap chf 122 Viec lam ngoai nirdc so 1/1999 Trdn Van' Hang, (2002), XKLD TTLD vd chuyen gia 7.000-200/ vd chu trUomg, phucmg hudng den 2005, Tap chi Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 1/2002 TS Trdn Van Hang, Chu trUo’ng, phuong hudng XKLD den ndm 2005, Tap chi LD va xa hoi sd 182+183+184/2002 Nguydn Thi Hien, (2000), QLNN ve XKLD d nude ngoai-V an de can duoc quan tdm Tap chi Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 6/2000 Hoc vien Hanh chfnh qudc gia, Giao trinh QLNN tren cac linh vuc kinh te, Nha xuat ban Dai hoc qudc gia Ha Noi 2002 Nguyen Hai Hoanh, (1999), Vai trd cua cong ty moi gidi LD Ddi Loan viec tiep nhan LD nirdc ngoai, Tap chf Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 4/1999 Gia Hung, (2001), Thuc trang vd kinh nghiem cua mot sd nudc XKLD khu vuc, Tap chi Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 5/2001 Le Hong Huyen, (2000), Mot sd van de ve hieu qua kinh te vd t in ro tdi chinh XKLD, Tap chf Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 6/2000 Le Hong Huyen, (2001), Nhung dac trung ccfbdn ciia Marketing linh vuc XKLD, Tap chi Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 1/2001 Pham Viet Huong, (2001), Phi moi gidi hoat dong XKLD, Tap chf Viec lam ngoai nudc so 3/2001 Pham Viet Huong, (2001), Danh gid kha nang vd qudn ly nguon LD Midi khao cua Viet Nam, Tap chf Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 4/2001 International Migration in Asia Trends and policies, Luqc dich: Thu Hung, Nhung thay doi tai TTLD Nhat Ban vd di cu LD qudc te, Tap chf Vice lam ngoai nudc sd 3/2001 International Migration in Asia Trends and policies, Luqc dich: Anh Cudng, Xu hudng vd chinh sach di cu LD cua Indonesia, Tap chf Viec lam ngoai nirdc sd 4/2001 Mai Viet Khai, (2001), Tang cudng quan ly viec dua tu nghiep sinh sang tu nghiep tai Nhat Ban, Tap chf Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 1/2001 TS Nguyen Phuc Loe, (1999), Dinh hudng ve gidi quyet viec lam ngoai nudc, Tap chf Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 6/1999 Tran Bfch Loe, (1999), Chinh sach mdi ve XKLD: thong thoang, dan chu vd chat che hem, Tap chf LD va Xa hoi Sd 155, Thang 10/1999 Hidn Luong, (2002), Mot sdhudng sira ddi, bo sung Nghi dinh XKLD 123 thdi gian tdi, Tap chi Viec lam ngoai nude so 3/2002 Hong Minh, (2002), Budc ddu tuyen LD di lam viec d Malaysia vdi md hinh tlif diem o' tinh Hai Duong, Tap chi LD va xa hoi sd 197/2002 Nguyfin Hai Nam, (2000), TTLD Han Quoc vd phuong thitc quan ly LD Viet Nam dieu kien lam viec phan tan, Tap chi LD va xa hoi sd 167, thang 10/2000 Trtrong Quang Oanh, (1998), Can tiep tuc doi mdi ccf che chinh sach XKL, Tap chi LD va xa hoi sd 135, thang 2/1998 Truong Quang Oanh, (2000), Mdi gidi XKLD-van de can luu y, Tap chi Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 2/2000 Truong Quang Oanh, (2001), Han che rui ro kinh te XKLD-Kinh nghiem va gidi phap, Tap chi Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 1/2001 Truong Quang Oanh, (2001), Y kien cac Bo, nganh, dia phuang vd DN ve XKLD, Tap chi Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 2/2001 Th.s Nguy6n Luong Phuong, (2002), Nhftng dac diem vd gidi phap nham day manh XKLD tinh hinh mdi, Tap chi Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 3/2000 Th.s Nguyen Luong Phuong, (2000), Su can thiet nghien cuu xay dung Luat ve XKLD vd chuyen gia, Tap chi Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 6/2000 Pham An Quan, (2001), Bo sung, siia doi vd hoan thien che chinh sach tdi chinh ve XKLD, Tap chi Viec lam ngoai nude sd 2/2001 Nguy6n Ngoc Quynh, (2000), Thi trudng XKLD vd mot vai suy nghi ve md rong thi trudng, Tap chi Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 1/2000 Tai lieu "Chuong trinh khu vuc ChAu A ve di cu LD quoc te", ngudi dich: Thu Huong, Di cu vd TTLD-Clui de can duqc khai thac, Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 2/2000 Thong tan xa Viet Nam, (2002), Chinh sach cua Han Quoc doi vdi LD nude ngoai, Tai lieu tham khao dac biet 23/7/2002 Pham Do Nhat Tan, (2000), XKLD cua mot sd nudc khdi Asean, Tap chi Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 3/2000 Pham Do Nhat Tan, (2000), TTLD ngoai nudc, thuc trang vd gidi phap on dinli, phat trien tlii trudng, Tap chi Vice lam ngoai nudc sd 4/2000 TS Pham Do Nhat Tan, (2002), Tlii trudng XKLD tai Trung Dong: Thuc trang vd dinh hudng, Tap chi LD va Xa hoi sd 197/2002 124 48 Thdi bao kinh te Viet Nam 9/7/2001, Quan ly LD Viet Nam tai Han Quoc 49 Vu Thi Thuy, (2001), Chinli sach di cu d Ddng vd Ddng Nam A the ky 21, Tap chf Viec lam ngoai nudc so 3/2001 50 Vu Thu Thuy, (2001), TTLD Malaysia, Tap chf Viec lam ngoai nudc so 4/2001 51 Pham Van Thudng, (2001), Ddi dieu ve thi trudng Dai Loan hien nay, Tap chf Viec lain ngoai nudc sd 4/2001 52 Vu Dinh Toan, (2000), Chii dong ngan ngifa vd xii'ly cac vi pham thuc tien XKLD, Tap chf Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 1/2000 53 Vu Dinh Toan, (2000), Cu che XKLD mdi da thuc sudi vao ddi song xd hoi, Tap chf Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 4/2000 54 Vu Dinh Toan, (2001), Nang cao canh gidc chdng am mUu phd hoai chinh sach XKLD vd chuyen gia, Tap chf Viec lam ngoai nudc sd 1/2001 55 GS.TS Dd Hoang Toan va TS Mai Van Buu (dong chu bien), Giao trinh QLNN ve kinh te, Nha xuat ban Giao due 2001 125