Luận văn các giải pháp phát triển sản xuất rau an toàn ở hà nội

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Chuyen ngdnh: KINH TE PHAT TRIEN DAI HOC KTQD A A THONG TIN THU VIEN LUAN VAN THAC ST KINH TE* • • lib* tcc: TS NGUYEN TIEN DUNG Hd Noi - 2006 MUC • LUC • MUC LUC DANH MUC TE VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG, BIEU, SO DO T OM TAT LUNN VAN PHAN MO' DAU Chuong 1: CO SO’ LY LUAN VA SU’ CAN THIET PHAT TRIEN SAN XUAT RAU AN TOAN cosd lL LLUN 1.1 Khai niem ve rau rau an toan va san xuat rau an toan 1.1.1 Khai niem ve rau an toan 1.1.2 Khai niem ve san xuat rau an toan 1.2 Dae diem cua san xuat rau an toan 1.2.1 Dac diem cua san xuat rau 1.2.2 Dac diem cua san xuat rau an toan 10 1.3 Cac yeu to tac dong den san xuat rau an toan 11 1.3.1 Nhom yeu to ve tu nhien 11 1.3.2 Nhom yeu to ky thuat 12 1.3.3 Nhom yeu to ve kinh te - xa hoi 15 1.3.4 Nhom yeu to ve to chuc va quan ly 20 1.3.5 Nhom yeu to chinh sach 22 1.4 Nguyen nhan lam rau bi o nhiem 22 1.4.1 Du luong Nitrat 22 1.4.2 Du luong kim loai nang 23 1.4.3 Du luong hoa chat BVTV 23 1.4.4 Vi sinh vat gay benh, ky sinh trung dudng ruot va doc to rau 23 1.5 Tieu chuan chat luong rau an toan va phan biet rau an toan voi rau thuong 24 1.5.1 Tieu chuan chat luong rau an toan 24 1.5.2 Phan biet rau an toan voi rau thuong 24 1.6 Chi tieu danh gia sir phat trien cua san xuat rau an toan 25 SU CAN THIET PHAT TRIEN SAN XUAT RAU AN TOAN 26 Chuong 2: THlTC TRANG PHAT TRIEN SAN XUAT RAU AN TOAN O HA NOI • GIAI DOAN • 2001-2005 29 DIEU KIEN TU NHIEN, KINH TE-XA HOI CUA HA NOI TAC DONG DEN SAN XUAT RAT 29 1.1 Dieu kien tu nhien 29 1.1.1 Vi tri dia li 29 1.1.2 Khi hau, thbi tiet 29 1.1.3 Datdai 29 1.1.4 Nguon nuoc 30 1.2 Dieu kien kinh te - xa hoi 30 1.2.1 He thong co sb tang ky thuat phuc vu san xuat nong nghiep.30 1.2.2 Tinh hinh dan so va lao dong 31 1.2.3 Nhu cau thi trubng 32 \ A Z Z 1.3 Danh gia chung ve dieu kien tir nhien, kinh te-xa hoi cua Ha Noi doi voi phat trien san xuat RAT 32 THU'C TRANG PHAT TRIEN SAN XUAT RAU AN TOAN HA NOI GIAI DOAN 2001-2005 34 z z z 2.1 Tinh hinh dien tich, nang suat, san luong, co cau va chat luong RAT b Ha Noi giai doan 2001-2005 34 2.2 Tinh hinh to chuc san xuat va quan ly chat luong rau an toan b Ha Noi giai doan 2001-2005 39 2.2.1 Tinh hinh to chuc san xuat rau an toan b Ha Noi giai doan 2001-2005 39 2.2.2 Tinh hinh quan ly chat luong RAT 43 2.3 Tinh hinh thuc hien quy trinh ky thuat san xuat RAT 45 2.4 Tinh hinh von dau tir xay dung co ban phuc vu san xuat rau an toan d Ha Noi giai doan 2001-2005 49 2.5 Thue trang mot so cong trinh phuc vu san xuat rau an toan d Ha Noi 51 2.5.1 He thong tu’di tieu 51 2.5.2 He thong nha lirdi 52 2.5.3 He thong dirdng be tong noi dong 53 2.6 Tinh hinh bao quan, che bien va tieu thu san pham rau an toan d Ha Noi 53 2.6.1 Tinh hinh bao quan san pham 53 2.6.2 Tinh hinh so che va che bien san pham 54 2.6.3 Tinh hinh tieu thu san pham 54 r r r r 2.7 Mot so ket qua san xuat RAT so vdi san xuat rau thu’dng 60 DANH GIA CHUNG VE THU'C TRANG PHAT TRIEN SAN XUAT RAU AN TOAN O HA NOI 61 3.1 Nhung ket qua dat duoc 61 /■ 3.2 Nhung han che va nguyen nhan 63 3.2.1 Nhung han che 63 3.2.2 Nguyen nhan cua sir han che 64 Chuong 3: PHUONG HUONG, MUC TIEU VA GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN SAN XUAT RAU AN TOAN HA NOI 66 PHUONG HUCJNG VA MUC TIEU PHAT TRIEN SAN XUAT RAT HA NOI 66 1.1 Can cu- xac dinh phirung hu’dng va muc tieu phat trien san xuat rau an toan d Ha Noi 66 1.1.1 Can cd vao nhu cau thi trirdng 66 r \ i r 1.1.2 Can cd vao tiem nang va ket qua phat trien san xuat rau an toan cua Ha Noi 67 1.1.3 Can cur vao chu truong phat trien nong nghiep, nong thon cua Dang, Nha nude 67 r 1.2 Phuong hu'dng phat trien san xuat rau an toan d Ha Noi 68 1.3 Muc tieu phat trien san xuat rau an toan d Ha Noi 69 GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN SAN XUAT RAT HA NOI 70 r r f 2.1 Mo rong dien tich, nang cao nang suat, chat luong san pham RAT 70 2.1.1 Hoan thien quy hoach phat trien san xuat ran an toan 70 2.1.2 Nang cao trinh cho ngirbi san xuat rau an toan 72 2.1.3 Dau tu phat trien co so vat chat ky thuat cho san xuat rau an toan 75 2.1.4 Day manh nghien cuu, ung dung tien bo khoa hoc ky thuat san xuat rau an toan 76 2.1.5 Hoan thien he thong quan ly chat luong rau an toan 78 2.1.6 Phat trien cac hinh thuc hop tac phu hop 80 3.2 Day manh hoat dong tieu thu san pham rau an toan 83 3.2.1 Day manh hoat dong bao quan, che bien rau an toan 83 3.2.2 Nang cao hieu qua hoat dong tuyen truyen, quang cao 85 3.2.3 Hoan thien cong tac to chtrc va quan ly kinh doanh rau an toan 89 3.3 Tang cubng huy dong nguon lire cho dau tu- cho phat trien san xuat rau an toan 94 3.4 Hoan thien cac chinh sach lien quan den phat trien san xuat rau an toan 95 3.4.1 Chinh sach tin dung va dau tu 95 3.4.2 Chinh sach ho trp tieu thu san pham 95 3.4.3 Chinh sach lien quan den van de quan ly chat luong 96 3.4.4 Chinh sach khuyen khich sir tham gia cua cac phan kinh te.96 3.4.5 Chinh sach dao tao va nghien cuu phat trien 96 3.5 Kien nghi 96 3.5.1 Cac chinh sach kinh te vT mo 96 3.5.2 Doi vdi Ha Noi 97 KET LUAN 98 DANH MUC • TAI LIEU • THAM KHAO 100 PHU• LUC • DANH MUC TU VIET TAT ADDA To chuc Phat trien Nong nghiep Dan Mach-Chau A CBKT Can bo ky thuat BQ Binh quan BVTV Bao ve thuc vat CSVCKT Co sb vat chat ky thuat FAO To chuc Nong nghiep va Luong thuc Lien hop Quoc FP Tap quan nong dan HTX Hop tac xa IPM Quan ly dich hai tong hop KH& CN Khoa hoc va Cong nghe NN&PTNT Nong nghiep va Phat trien Nong thon Slg Soluong RAT Rau an toan RAL Rau an la RAQ Rau an qua TBKT Tien bo ky thuat VSATTP Ve sinh an toan thuc pham UBND Uy ban nhan dan WHO To chuc Y te The gioi DANH MUC SO DO, BANG BIEU Bang 2.1: Tinh hinh chung ve san xuat rau an toan d Ha Noi giai doan 2001-2005 34 Bang 2.2: Dien tich rau an toan cua cac quan, huyen d Ha Noi giai doan 2001-2005 35 Bang 2.3: Nang suat rau an toan cua cac quan, huyen cua Ha Noi giai doan 2001-2005 36 Bang 2.4: San lupng rau an toan cua cac quan, huyen cua Ha Noi giai doan 2001-2005 37 Bang 2.5: Tinh hinh hop tac san xuat rau an toan d Ha Noi nam 2005 40 Bang 2.6: Tinh hinh sir dung giong, phan bon va nunc tudi cua cac ho dieu tra nam 2005 45 Bang 2.7: Tinh hinh su dung thuoc BVTV tren RAT cua cac ho dieu tra nam 2005 47 Bang 2.8: Tinh hinh dau tir xay dung co ban cho san xuat RAT d Ha Noi giai doan 2001-2005 50 Bang 2.9: Hien trang he thong gieng khoan va kenh mirong phuc vu san xuat rau an toan d Ha Noi nam 2005 51 Bang 2.10:Hien trang nha ludi d cac xa, phudng san xuat rau nam 2005 52 r Bang 2.11 :Quyet dinh mua rau an toan cua ngudi tieu dung 58 Bang 2.12:Doi tu’png mua rau an toan chu yeu 59 Bring 2.13: So sanh ket qua san xuat rau an toan theo nguyen tac IPM vdi san xuat rau thudng tren mot so cay rau chfnh 60 So 2.1: Mot so kenh tieu thu rau an toan chu yeu d Ha Noi 56 So 3.1: Mo hinh dao tao nong dan 74 So 3.2: Mo hinh ho tro lien ket, hop tac san xuat va tieu thu san pham 82 So do3.3: Mo hinh Trung tarn Ho tro Tieu thu RAT cho Nong dan 87 So 3.4: Mo hinh Trung tarn phan phoi san pham RAT 92 TRCOMG DAI HOC KIMI TC QUOC DM rfb® R-| NGUYfN XUAN DINH CAC GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN SAN XUAT M ?_ M JW RAU AN TOAN U HA NOI ■ ChuySn nganh: KINH Tf PHAT TRIEN LUAN vAn thac sT kinh • • te TOM tAt LUAN VAN THAC ST KINH TE • • HA Xoi - 24HH o i PHAN MO DAU 1- Tinh cap thiet ciia de tai Rau la mot thuc pham quan kho thieu vang chi mot bua an doi vdi moi ngudi dan San xuat rau khong an toan vua la vd tinh, vua la co tinh gay hau qua cho ngudi tieu dung, tham chi ca ngudi san xuat va moi r r trudng sinh thai Hau qua khong chi trudc mat, ma lau dai Giong noi ngudi Viet Nam se neu an phai rau doc hai Cho nen, phat trien a r a r \ r ben vung san xuat RAT khong chi la van de kinh te, ma quan hon la van A de xa hoi va moi trudng Tu nam 1996, Uy ban Nhan dan Thanh Ha Noi da chi dao trien khai r a chuong trinh san xuat rau sach (nay la RAT) Nhd vay, san xuat RAT phat trien ca ve quy mo dien tfch, san luong, chung loai, chat luong Tuy nhien, san xuat RAT d Ha Noi van chua dap ung duqc nhu cau cang tang cua Thu San luong RAT moi chiem 37,6% tong luong rau san xuat Con tren 12% mau RAT co du luong hoa chat vuot muc cho phep Hau qua la cd r r* a nhieu trudng hop ngo doc dan den tu vong su dung rau co du luong hoa chat, vi sinh vat cao hon muc cho phep Cd nhieu de tai nghien cuu ve linh vuc duoc trien khai Nhin chung, cac de tai di sau nghien cuu mot so khia canh cua san xuat, che bien va tieu A A thu RAT Cac de tai da dua nhieu giai phap khac tung linh vuc A nghien cuu Tuy nhien, cac de tai nghien cuu co tinh thuc nghiem thong qua xay dung mo hinh trinh dien, pham vi hep ve khong gian, thdi gian va r a r a noi dung nghien cuu, nen chua danh gia mot each he thong cac van de kinh te, cho san xuat RAT phat trien Bdi vay, viec nghien cuu, danh gia dung thuc A A A trang va de nhung giai phap thiet thuc, kha thi cho phat trien san xuat RAT •? A tai nghien cuu: “Cac giaiphap phat trien san xuat rau an toan o' Ha Noi” 90 - Md rong cac kenh phan phoi true tiep tu ngudi san xuat den cac bep an r *> r r tap the va gia dinh Ngudi san xuat, trudc mat, nen md rong doi tuong cung r r ung tdi cac nha may che bien, nha an tap the cua cac co quan, nha may, xi nghiep, doanh trai quan doi, trudng dai hoc, cao dang, trung hoc chuyen nghiep, trudng mam non, nha hang, khach san, dong thdi co the tiep thi va ban RAT true tiep cho ngudi tieu dung ca nhan thuoc cac co quan, don vi neu tren - Cung co va md rong mang ludi tieu thu RAT qua cac tieu thuong ban le Thuc te, da ton tai mang ludi ban le RAT bao gom cac tieu thuong co vi tri kinh doanh on dinh d cho, d goc pho, tieu khu dan cu Nhung tieu thuong co dupe niem tin cua ngudi tieu dung kinh doanh trung thuc, thang than Day la giai phap gop phan dam bao bao phu rong khap cua he thdng phan phoi RAT thdi gian trudc mat - Ho trp va tao dieu kien thuan loi cho cac don vi, ca nhan xay dung thuong hieu san pham Hien nay, tuyet dai da so ngudi san xuat RAT la ho nong dan ca the Mdi ho nong dan don le noi chung kho cd kha nang xue tien thuong mai, xac lap va dang ky thuong hieu, trien khai mang ludi tieu thu Cho nen, cac don vi san xuat cd dieu kien thuan loi, nhu cac tram, trai, trung y y z y tam rau qua va cac HTX can di dau van de xac lap va dang ky thuong hieu RAT Doi vdi cac ho san xuat don le, cac cap chinh quyen, to chuc xa hoi d dia phuong, nhat la cac dia phuong cd vung san xuat RAT tap trung, can thuc va quy md khac nhau, nhu to, nhom, HTX, Mdi to chuc ngudi r rau cd the dang ky mot thuong hieu dung chung cho tat ca cac vien to chuc Ngoai ra, can phai hoan thien va tang cuong hieu luc cua quan ly nha nudc doi vdi viec dam bao thuong hieu RAT, dong thdi hoan thien he thong quan ly chat luong RAT, dac biet la can nghien cuu tim cac phuong z z z phap xac dinh chat lupng rau, qua nhanh vdi chi phi thap nhat - Phan cong trach nhiem rd rang giua cac co quan chuyen mon cua Thanh 91 pho, So Thuong mai la don vi chiu trach nhiem chinh ve to chuc luu thong va tieu thu san pham RAT Cac so, ban, nganh khac la So Giao due va Dao A tao, So Du lich, So Lao dong Thuong binh va Xa hoi, cac Hiep hoi, doan the quan chung, phoi hpp voi So Thuong mai trien khai chi dao, tuyen truyen toi cac trudng hoc, nha tre, nha hang, khach san, cac co quan, xi nghiep ve RAT de cac don vi tao dieu kien thuan lpi cho viec mua RAT co yeu cau - Tang cudng cong tac kiem tra viec chap hanh dieu kien VSATTP tai cac don vi kinh doanh RAT To chuc cac doan kiem tra lien nganh, tien hanh kiem tra dinh ky, cung nhu dot xuat cac don vi kinh doanh RAT Co bien phap xu ly kien quyet doi voi cac don vi khong tuan thu cac dieu kien ve VSATTP - Nghien cuu lap Hiep hoi Kinh doanh va Tieu dung RAT nham r tao su lien ket, hpp tac tieu thu san pham, dam bao cho hoat dong tieu thu dien nhip nhang, tang sue canh tranh cua san pham, tranh dupc nhung A AZ lang phi khong can thiet, dac biet khau luu thong, tuyen truyen, quang ba san pham, Thanh vien cua Hiep hoi la cac to chuc kinh doanh, cac doanh nghiep, cac HTX, cac ho kinh doanh va ngudi tieu dung RAT Hiep hoi co nhiem vu tao dieu kien de cac vien giao luu chia se thong tin, kinh nghiem, hpp tac, lien ket vdi tieu thu san pham, dong thdi tranh thu cac nguon ho trp va su hpp tac tu ben ngoai - Sdm nghien cuu va lap Trungphan phoi san pham RA T lam nhien vu thu gom, bao quan, che bien va tieu thu san pham cho ndng dan Luan van de xuat Mo hinh hoat dong cua Trung tam dupc mo ta So 3.4 Trung tam hoat dong tren nguyen tac cong ty co phan Co dong bao AZ A gom ca ngudi san xuat va ngudi tieu dung Trung tam co Hoi dong quan tri va mot so bo phan chuyen mon Ke hoach san xuat, kinh doanh cua Trung tam dupc lap tu dau vu, co su tham gia cua dai dien ngudi z z san xuat va ngudi tieu dung, tren co sd danh gia kha nang san xuat va nhu cau tieu dung 92 So’ 3.4; Mo hinh Trung tam Phan phoi San pham RAT Nhiem vu cua Trung tam la bao tieu san pham cho nong dan San pham tu nong dan san xuat dupe dua tdi Trung tam qua cac kenh khac Nong dan duoc to chuc theo hinh thuc to, nhom, HTX hay cong ty cd phan Cac to, nhom nong dan co the nam HTX hoac Cong ty co phan Cac HTX hoac Cong ty co phan se ky hop dong true tiep vdi Trung tam phan phoi san pham Cac to, nhom nong dan cung co the khong nam HTX hay Cong ty co phan Ho co the ky hop dong true tiep vdi Trung tam phan phoi san phan Tai Trung tam, san pham cua nong dan se dupc so che, che bien, dong goi va dua di tieu thu thong qua cac hpp dong da ky ket hoac cua hang Trung tam lap len Tuy nhien, de Trung tam hoat dong co hieu qua can phai dam bao mot so dieu kien co ban sau: 93 + Nha nudc nen ho tro mot phan kinh phi thue mat bang, dau tu mua r r \ r sam co so vat chat ky thuat can thiet, dao tao can bo cho Trung tam Thanh lap Trung tam doi hoi phai co mat bang, dau tu cac trang thiet bi bao quan, che bien va dong goi san pham, dao tao can bo, tuyen truyen, quang cao Do vay, can phai dau tu- mot khoang von ldn, lau thu hoi, ban than ngudi nong dan hoac mot don vi nao kho co the dap ung duoc Chinh vi vay, sir ho tro cua Nha nude la rat can thiet giai doan dau lap + Thanh lap Trung tam di lien vdi viec thiet lap he thdng cac HTX, to, nhom nong dan ve tinh lam nhiem vu cung cap RAT cho Trung tam va xue tien thiet lap mang ludi tieu thu san pham Trung tam cd the thiet lap cac ctra hang tieu thu true tiep cua minh va ky ket hop dong vdi khach hang r + Hoat dong cua Trung tam phai theo nguyen tac tu nguyen, binh dang, cung co loi Co che hoat dong, xay dung ke hoach san xuat, kinh doanh, xac dinh gia ca, phan chia loi nhuan tren nhung nguyen tac cac vien tu ban bac va quyet dinh + Thanh lap Hiep Hoi ngudi kinh doanh va tieu dung RAT, cung nhu Hiep r r a Hoi ngudi san xuat RAT rat cd y nghTa vdi Trung tam Nd se tao dieu kien cho Trung tam hoat dong tot hon co hai Hiep hoi tham gia Khi Trung tam A A Z se nam ro hon nhu cau cua ngudi tieu dung va kha nang san xuat cua nong dan - Xue tien nghien cuu va lap Trung tam dau gid rau, hoa, qua d Ha Noi Khi thi trudng rau, hoa, qua d Ha Noi da phat trien, su hop tac san xuat da dat dupe muc cao hon, he thdng thu mua va phan phoi rau, hoa, qua dupe thiet lap tot hon va san xuat va kinh doanh rau, hoa, qua d cac vung phu can da phat trien kha hon, nen lap Trung tam dau gia rau, hoa, qua Tai day, san pham cua nong dan khong chi d Ha Noi, ma tu ca cac vung khac dupe ban dau gia Sau dau gia xong se dupe dong goi va van chuyen theo A A yeu cau cua ngudi kinh doanh Thdng qua hinh thuc se tao dieu kien cho nong dan cd dupe gia ban san pham dung vdi chat luong san pham cua minh, 94 co y thuc cao hon viec dau tu-, nang cao trinh san xuat va ngudi mua co the chon san pham cua minh vdi so lupng, chat lupng va gia ca hpp ly 3.3 Tang cuoug huy dong nguon luc cho phat trien san xuat rau an toan Dau tu- cho san xuat RAT, dac biet la dau tu xay dung he thong tudi tieu, nha ludi, nha kinh, dao tao, tuyen truyen, quang cao, ddi hoi mot lupng von tuong doi ldn so vdi kha nang cua ngudi ndng dan Do vay, can phai cd cac giai phap phu hpp de huy dong cac nguon lire khac nhau, cu the la: - Dau tu xay dung co so tang ky thuat nen dua tren phuong cham “Nha nude va nhan dan cung lam” Tuy theo timg loai hang muc dau tu, ma tinh toan ti le dong gop cua ndng dan cho phu hpp + Ddi vdi he thong kenh, muong tudi tieu chinh, he thong dien, giao thong chinh, Nha nude nen dau tu 100% + Ddi vdi xay dung nha ludi, gieng khoan, he thong tudi tieu noi dong, A X Nha nude nen dau tu khoang tir 50-70%, phan lai se ndng dan dong gop de nang cao tinh tu- chu va y thuc trach nhiem cua ho + Ddi vdi chuyen giao TBKT, tuyen truyen, quang cao, xay dung thuong hieu san pham cho ndng dan, nen theo hai huong Mot la, ho tro 80-100% kinh phi cho nhung noi cd kho khan thdi gian dau, sau su ho tro se giam dan nang lire cua ngudi san xuat da tang len Hai la, khuyen khich va tao dieu kien cho ndng dan tham gia cac hoat dong tren, ma kinh phi phan y y ldn ho trang trai, Nha nude tao dieu kien ve phuong tien, khau to chuc, r thiet lap quan he, thong tin lien lac, - Khuyen khich va tao dieu kien cho ngudi san xuat lien ket, hpp tac vdi va vdi cac doanh nghiep, ngudi tieu dung, cac co quan chuyen mon san xuat, bao quan, che bien va tieu thu san pham tren co so cung gop von, gop sue va gop kien thuc - Day manh cac hoat dong hpp tac quoc te de huy dong cac nguon lire ve von, cong nghe, kien thuc, kinh nghiem tir cac to chuc quoc te, cac to chuc phi chinh phu, cac chuyen gia khu vuc va tren the gidi linh vuc 95 - Lam tot cong tac khao sat, xay dung, tham dinh, phe duyet va quan ly, thuc hien cac du an dau tu de tranh dau tu dan trai, chong cheo, dau tu khong dung doi tuong, sai muc dich Ben canh do, phai tien hanh danh gia hieu qua dau tu\ 3.4 Hoan thien cac chinh sach lien quan den phat trien san xuat rau an toan f 9 f cong nghiep che bien, tieu thu san pham, nang cao gia tri cua san pham RAT, dam bao thu nhap cho ngubi san xuat, bao ve sue khoe cua ngubi san xuat va tieu dung, Thanh Ha Noi can hoan thien va chi dao thuc thi tot mot so chinh sach lien quan den mot so linh vuc sau: 3.4.1 Chinh sach tin dung va dau tu\ Thanh Ha Noi can uu tien dau tu xay dung co sb tang cho cac vung < r r san xuat RAT, dac biet la he thong kenh, muong tuoi, tieu, he thong giao thong noi A < z f f dong, he thong dien, he thong phun, nha luoi, co sb bao quan, che bien va phuong A tien van chuyen Dau tu nen theo phuong thuc “Nha nubc va nhan dan cung lam”, tren co sb tinh toan ti le dong gop cua cac ben mot each hop ly de nang cao tinh tu chu, tu giac va sang tao cua ngubi san xuat Tuy nhien, Nha nubc se gop phan lbn hon hien von san xuat cua nong dan rat eo hep Dong thoi, co chinh sach uu dai tin dung de khuyen khich cac don vi va ca nhan hop tac san xuat, che bien, tieu thu RAT, ung dung cong nghe cao san xuat bang cac hinh thuc, nhu tang luong von vay, thoi gian vay va uu dai ve lai suat 3.4.2 Chinh sach ho tro’tieu thu san pham Ho tro cac hinh thuc hop tac cua nong dan tieu thu san pham, nhu xay dung thuong hieu, in bao bi, nhan mac, ho tro mat bang kinh doanh, tiep thi, quang cao, dao tao nghiep vu kinh doanh, Ho tro dau tu xay dung cac co sb bao quan, so che, che bien, cac cua hang tieu thu san pham, dubi hinh thuc ho tro ve mat bang, dao tao can bo, giam thue nhung nam dau hoat dong, 96 3.4.3 Chinh sach lien quan den quan ly chat luong Xay dung va hoan thien he thong co che, chinh sach quan ly chat luong san pham RAT tu khau san xuat den khau tieu thu, nhu hoan thien quy trinh san xuat va che bien RAT, tieu chuan bao bi, nhan mac, tieu chuan VSATTP Co quy dinh xu ly nghiem tuc cac trudng hop vi pham cac quy dinh ve san xuat, luu thdng, tieu thu RAT r r 3.4.4 Chinh sach khuyen khich su' tham gia cua cac phan kinh te Doi vdi cac doanh nghiep Nha nudc, nhu: Tong Cong ty Phat trien Nong nghiep Ha Noi, can duoc dau tu nang cao nang luc san xuat, kinh doanh de co the hoat dong hieu qua linh vuc nghien cuu, chon tao, san xuat giong cd chat luong cao phuc vu cho san xuat, dong thdi di dau linh vuc ung dung va chuyen giao cong nghe tien tien cho nong dan Doi vdi cac HTX, hiep hoi, nhom san xuat va tieu thu san pham can co \ \ r r r chinh sach ho tro ve mat bang san xuat, cho vay von uu dai, giam thue, dao tao nang cao nang luc, trao doi thdng tin, kinh ngiem, chuyen doi co cau cay trong, don dien doi thua, Doi vdi cong ty tu nhan, can cd chinh sach khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep tham gia lien doanh, lien ket, ky ket hop dong vdi ngudi san xuat RAT, nhu tuyen truyen nang cao nhan thuc cho nong dan, tap hop va to chuc nong dan, giai quyet cac thu tuc, 3.4.5 Chinh sach dao tao va nghien cuu phat trien Tiep tuc dao tao nang cao trinh cua doi ngu can bo nghien cuu, can bo ky thuat ve cong nghe sinh hoc, di truyen hoc d va ngoai nudc Ho trp cai tien phuong thuc va noi dung chuyen giao cong nghe, TBKT tdi ngudi nong dan Cd chinh sach ho trp su lien ket giua cac tac nhan: nha nghien cuu, nha doanh nghiep, nha nudc, nha nong viec chuyen giao cong nghe, TBKT r z cho nong dan, thu nghiem, san xuat va kinh doanh cac loai giong, phan bon va thuoc BVTV mdi phuc vu san xuat RAT 3.5 Kien nghi 3.5.1 Cac chinh sach kinh te vi mo - Nha nudc can hoan thien quy hoach tong the phat trien san xuat RAT cua ca nudc Cd chinh sach ho trp phat trien nhung co sd tang ky thuat can 97 thiet cho san xuat va kinh doanh RAT; Ho tro phat trien lien ket, hop tac r r r san xuat, che bien va tieu thu san pham - Hoan thien he thong quan ly, kiem tra va chung nhan chat lupng san pham tu khau san xuat den tieu thu Trong do, can nghien cuu cho phep co quan kiem tra va chung nhan chat lupng doc lap hoat dong nham tao dieu kien de ngudi san xuat va kinh doanh RAT co nhieu su lua chon ve dich vu kiem tra va chung nhan chat lupng - Tang cudng dau tu cho cong tac nghien cuu va chuyen giao TBKT cho ndng dan; Phat trien cong nghiep che bien; Tang cudng hoat dong tuyen truyen, quang cao, xay dung thuong hieu, thiet lap he thong phan phoi san pham 3.5.2 Ddi voi Ha Noi - Ban hanh dong bo cac co che, chinh sach nham phat huy dong tdi da nguon luc tai cho ve TBKT, tiem nang dat dai, nguon von, lao dong, phuc vu phat trien san xuat RAT - Phai nhanh chong quy hoach tong the phat trien san xuat, che bien va tieu thu RAT - Khuyen khich va thuc day hpp tac san xuat, che bien va tieu thu RAT thong qua cac bien phap ho tro dau tu tren nguyen tac Nha nude va Nhan dan cung lam, A r - Tang cudng cong tac tuyen truyen, huong dan quy trinh san xuat RAT cho ndng dan Thay ddi phuong thuc chuyen giao TBKT tdi ndng dan theo huong ly thuyet ket hpp vdi thuc hanh, su dung phuong phap moi ngudi cung tham gia Xay dung dpi ngu giang vien ky thuat va quan ly co trinh chuyen mon va phuong phap tap huan tot - Quan ly chat lupng san pham chat che tu khau san xuat den khau tieu thu tren co sb hoan thien thong kiem tra, chung nhan chat lupng hien co - Xay dung dupc mot chien lupc ho tro xay dung thuong hieu va quang cao san pham cho ndng dan 98 KET LUAN Doi voi Ha Noi, mot trung tam chinh tri, kinh te va van hoa cua ca nuoc, noi co toc do thi hoa va cong nghiep hoa cao, co nhu cau cang tang ve cac loai san pham tuoi song co chat lupng cao, an toan va da dang ve chung loai, phat trien san xuat RAT trd nen can thiet va cap bach hon bao gib het Phat trien RAT khong nhung nang cao thu nhap cho ngubi rau, tan dung lao dong nhan roi nong thon, ma gop phan bao ve sue khoe ngubi san xuat, ngubi tieu dung, bao ve moi trubng sinh thai, tao mot canh quan xanh, sach, dep cho Thu Trong nhung nam qua, vdi su quan tam cua Dang, Chinh quyen va cac ban, nganh, doan the, CSVCKT phuc vu cho san xuat RAT dupc dau tu dang r r ke, trinh ngubi san xuat dupc nang len mot buoc, san xuat RAT cua Ha Noi da dat dupc nhung ket qua tich cue Qui mb san lupng va dien tich RAT tang len khong ngirng, chung loai rau da dang hon, dac biet chung loai rau cao cap mot tang, ngubi san xuat da co y thuc hon viec tuan thu cac quy trinh va ky thuat san xuat RAT Da co su lien ket san xuat, che bien va tieu thu san pham RAT, cong tac quan ly chat lupng da bat dau dupc quan tam, cac kenh tieu thu da va dang dupc thiet lap, ngubi tieu dung da co dieu kien de tieu dung san pham RAT Tuy nhien, nhung ket qua dat dupc phat trien san xuat RAT van chua tuong xung vbi tiem nang va lpi the cua Ha Noi Van mot bo phan khong nho nong dan chua tuan thu cac quy trinh va yeu cau san xuat RAT, mac du da dupc dao tao; hpp tac san xuat, che bien va tieu thu a yr RAT b quy mb nho be; cong tac quan ly chat lupng nhieu bat cap; viec ung dung TBKT moi chi tap trung b mot so noi; ngubi tieu dung chua tin tuong vao chat lupng cua san pham, sb lupng RAT dupc tieu thu it, cac hinh thuc tieu thu va cac kenh tieu thu RAT hoat dong chua hieu qua, nhu cau tieu dung cac loai san pham RAT cang tang 99 Nguyen nhan chu yeu cua tinh trang tren la quy hoach chua dap ung X r A X duoc yeu cau dat ra, chua co chinh sach du manh ve dau tu, khuyen khich phat trien san xuat, che bien va tieu thu RAT, ngudi nong dan van quen vdi tap quan cu, cong tac quan ly chat lupng van buong long, phuong thuc chuyen giao tien bo khoa hoc ky thuat chua thuc su phat huy dupc su sang tao va kinh nghiem cua ngudi rau, cong tac to chuc va chi dao r r \ \ san xuat nhieu mat han che, cong tac tuyen truyen, quang cao chua dupc tap trung, X Trudc thuc trang tren, can phai dua nhung giai phap htru hieu nham phat trien san xuat RAT thdi gian tdi d Ha Noi Cac giai x x r phap trudc het phai nham tao mot mdi trudng dong bo cho phat r r r r o trien san xuat gan vdi che bien va tieu thu san pham Mo rong quy mo san xuat, nang cao nang suat, chat lupng va chung loai san pham thong qua viec ung dung cac TBKT san xuat, hoan thien viec chuyen giao TBKT, ung dung cong nghe cao san xuat Khuyen khich viec hpp tac san xuat, che bien va tieu thu san pham Hoan thien cac kenh phan phoi va tang cudng cong tac tuyen truyen quang cao Cac giai phap dung dan va hieu qua can phai dupc phoi hpp thuc hien thong nhat r giu'a nhung ngudi san xuat va kinh doanh RAT, tren co so dinh huong va giup cua cac co quan nha nude Chi co nhu vay mdi co the thuc hien cong muc tieu phat trien san xuat RAT d Ha Noi 100 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • Chi cue BVTV Ha Noi (2002), Bao cao danh gid thuc trang du luo'ng thuoc B VTV d mot so nong san chinh tren dia ban Ha Noi giai doan 2000- Ha Noi 2001, Cue thong ke Thanh Ha Noi (2005), Noi giai doan 2001-2005, Nien giam thdng ke Ha Ha Noi Bui Thi Gia (2001), Nhung bien phap chuyeu nham phat trien san xuat rau d huyen Gia Lam - Ha Noi, Luan an tien si, Dai hoc Nong nghiep I, Ha Noi \ George H.Axinn (2005), Hoi Nong dan Thanh Ha Noi/To chuc ADDA (2005), nghien cuu ve tam ly ngudi tieu dung rau an toan, -t r Bao cao ket qua Ha Noi Hoi Nong dan Thanh Ha Noi/Td chuc ADDA (2005), r r Cam nang ve cac phuerng phap tiep can khuyen Bao cao ket qua ' thuc hien du an "Huan luyen nong dan san xuat rau an toan ”, Hoi Nong dan Viet Nam (2005), Ha Noi Bao cao ket qua tham quan, nghien cuu ve nong thon, nong nghiep, nong dan tai Dai Loan, Han Quoc, Thai Lan, Nhat Ban, Dan Mach, Ha Lan, Ha Noi Hoi Nong dan Viet Nam (2005), va viec lam cho nong dan ”, Ky yeu hoi thao “Giai phap lien ket nhd Ha Noi PGS.TS.Nguyen Van Nam (2005), Thi trudng xuat — nhap khau Rau Qua, Nxb Thdng ke, Ha Noi o 10 Sd NN&PTNT Ha Noi (1996), d ngoai Ha Noi, r Bao cao quy hoach vung san xuat rau sach Ha Noi 1 Sd KH&CN Ha Noi (2000), sach Thanh Ha Noi, Quy dinh va quy trinh san xuat, luu thdng rau Ha Noi 101 12 So' KH&CN Ha Noi (2000), Thanh phd Ha Noi, Nghien cuu xay dung vung nguyen lieu sach Ha Noi 13 Sd NN&PTNT Ha Noi (2003), Thue trang va mot so giai phap tiep tuc ddi mai HTXnong nghiep a Ha Noi theo Luat HTX, 14 So NN&PTNT Ha Noi (2005), Noi giai doan 2001- 2005, Ha Noi Bao cao ket qua san xuat nong nghiep Ha Ha Noi 15 So NN&PTNT Ha Noi (2005), Auv dung va trien khai mo hinh to chuc r r san xuat va tieu thu rau an toan tren dia ban Thanh Ha Noi, Ha Noi 16 Thanh Uy Ha Noi (2004), Bao cao tinh hinh nam thuc hien De an so 17/DA- Noi 17 Thanh Uy Ha Noi (2005), Bao cao tong ket nam thuc hien Chuong trinh 12-Ctr/TUf cua Thanh Uy ve phat trien kinh te ngoai va tiing buoc hien dai hod nong thon giai doan 2001-2005, dinh huong phat trien giai doan 2006-2010, Ha Noi 18 Thanh Uy Ha Noi (2006), Chuong trinh phat trien kinh te ngoai va tirng buoc hien dai hod ndng thong giai doan 2006-2010, 19 Thanh Uy Ha Noi (2006), lan thuXIII, XIV, Ha Noi Van kien Dai hoi Dang bo Thanh Ha Noi Ha Noi 20 TS.Nguyen Truong Thanh (2004), hien d Viet Nam, Nghien ciru ve san xuat rau an toan Vien Bao ve Thuc vat, Ha Noi 21 Tran Khac Thi, Tran Ngoc Hung (2001), AT thuat rau sach, Nxb Nong nghiep, Ha Noi ' 22 Trung tam Khuyen nong Ha Noi (2002), r r ' Bao cao ket qua xay dung mo r hinh che bien rau qua sach gan voi phat trien vung nguyen lieu tai HTX DongXuan - Soc Son, nam 2000-2001 23 Uy ban Nhan dan Thanh Ha Noi (2002), Bao cao nghien cuu kha thi du an cung cap rau an toan cho phd Ha Noi, Ha Noi 102 24 Asian Development Bank (2006), Supermarkets and the Poor in Ha Noi Vietnam, 25 Canadian Center for International Studies and Cooperation, Some Approaches to Cooperative Development in Vietnam, Ha Noi 26 Hoang Bang An (2006), Price Comparison between supermarkets and other distribution points in Hanoi, RIFAV, Ha Noi 27 Isabelle Vagneron, Paule Moustier (2003), organization of vegetable market in Hanoi, 28 Muriel Figuie (2003), Spatial and institutional CIRAD, Ha Noi Vegetable consumption behaviours in Vietnam, CIRAD, Ha Noi 29 Ong Kung Wai (2000), Malaysia from Farm to Table, 30 P.Moustier, E.bridier, N.T.T Loe (2000), Vegetable Supply, Humus Consultancy, Food Safety in Hanoi’s Ha Noi 31 P.Moustier, M.Figuie, Nguyen thi Tan Loc, Ho Thanh Son (2005), Coordinating demand and supply of safe vegetables for Hanoi markets, Ha Noi PHU LVC : MOT SO TIEU CHUAN RAU AN TOAN Bieu 1: Ngudng gidi han ham luong nitrat mot so loai rau D VT: mg/kg san pham Loai rau rr-'• /v t A leu chuan Loai rau Cai bap Tu 500-900 Dau qua Khong qua 200 Sup lo Khong qua 500 Cac loai ca Khong qua 400 Xa lach, rau riep Khong qua 1400 Ngo rau Khong qua 300 Su hao Khong qua 500 Bau bi Khong qua 400 Khoai tay Khong qua 250 Hanh Tay Khong qua 80 Ca chua Khong qua 150 Hanh Hoa Khong qua 400 Dua chuot Khong qua 150 Ca rot Khong qua 250 6t ngot Khong qua 200 Rau gia vi Khong qua 600 Ot cay Khong qua 400 Du bd, hau, le Khong qua 90 - f - Tieu chuan Nguon: So KH&CN Ha Noi Bieu 2: Ngudng gidi han kim loai nang san pham rau £> VT: mg/kg san pham Loai • kim loai • Dir luong Loai • kim loai • Du- luong Chi (Pb) 0,5 Cadimi (Cd) 0,03 Asen (As) 0,2 Thuy ngan (Hg) 0,02 Dong (Cu) 5,0 Kern (Zn) 10,0 Thiec (Sn) 200,0 Palutin 0,05 Aflatoxin (Bi) 0,005 Nguon: So KH&CN Ha Noi A A A Bieu 3: Du- luong thuoc BVTV toi da cho phep mot so loai rau £> VT: mg/kg san pham Rau an la Rau an qua Rau an Thcri gian each ly (RAL) (RAQ) cu (ngay) Basudin 10G 0,5-0,7 0,5-0,7 - 14-20 Diptorex 80 0,6 - Dimothoet 50EC 0,1 0,5-1 0,5-1 7-10 Carbaxit 80 WP 1-1,5 1-1,5 - Padan 95WP 0,2 - - 14 Sanusdin 20EC 0,1 2,0 0,2 14-20 Decis 0,1 - 0,2 RAL:7-10;RAQ:3-4 Sherpa 250 EC - - - RAL:7-10;RAQ:3-4 Kovote 2,5 EC 0,03 0,02 - 4-10 Trebon 10 EC - - - Oxiclorua dong 20.0 20.0 10.0 RAL:20;RAQ:14 Zineb 80 WP 2.0 2.0 2.0 7- 10 Aliette 80 WP - - - 14 Anvil 80WP - - - 7- 10 Topsin M 70 WP 1.0 - - 7- 10 Bayleton 25 EC 0.1 - - 3-7 Thuoc BVTV Nguon: So KH&CN Ha Noi