Hoàn thiện chính sách thương mại nhằm thúc đẩy xuất khẩu nông sản của nước cộng hoà dân chủ nhân dân lào

TRVdNG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN - - PHONGTISOUK SIPHOMTHAVIBOUN DAI HOC KTQD TRUNG TAM * THOUG TIN THU VIEN HOAN THI€N • CHINK SACK TH ITO NG MAI • NHfiM THUC DAY XUAT KHAU NONG SAN CUA NlTdC CHDCND LAO CHUYEN NGANH : KINH TE THUONG MAI : 5.02.02 MA SO LUAN VAN THAC SI KINH TE Ngudi hirong dan khoa hoc: PGS.TS Hoang Minh Duong DAI HOC KJOD trung TililS THONG TIN THU VIEN HA > 01 - 2006 • ' — — — LOI CAM ON Lao, Viet Nam da ho trq cho tac gia sang hoc tap tai Viet Nam Tac gia xin cam on thay giao PSG.TS Hoang Minh Burong, da tan tinh hudng dan sudt qua trinh thuc hien luan van Tac gia xin gui loi cam on tdi cac thay co giao khoa Thuong mai, ' _ ' ' cung nhu cac thay co Truong Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan va cung vdi cac r ban be Truong da giup tac gia sudt qua trinh hoc tap, nghien cuu tai Nha truong Tac gia mong muon ket qua nghien cuu luan van se dong gop mot Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao Tuy nhien han che ve thbi gian cung nhu trinh hieu biet chac chan luan van se khong the tranh duoc khoi nhung khiem khuyet va sai z r r sot nhat dinh Tac gia rat mong nhan duoc su dong gop y kien quy bau cua cac thay cd va cac ban doc Ha Noi, 11 thang nam 2006 Tac gia Luan van Phongtisouk SIPHOMTHAVIBOVN Muc luc • r • r Danh muc cac chir viet tat •> Danh muc hinh va bang bieu Tom tat luan van Trang LOI MO DAU CHITONG 1: LY LUAN CHUNG VE CHINH SACH XUAT KHAU HANG NONG SAN VA VAI TRO CUA NHA NLOC TRONG THUC DAY XUAT KHAU HANG NONG SAN r r t 1.1 Nhung van de co ban ve hang nong san va xuat khau hang nong x x san 1.1.1 Khai niem va dac diem cua hang nong san 1.1.2 Xuat khau hang nong san va vai tro cua xuat khau hang nong san 2) Nguon lao dong .13 r r 1.2 Chmh sach thuong mai cua nha nude doi vdi san xuat kinh doanh va xuat khau hang nong san 19 r •> 1.2.1 Vai tro cua nha nude xuat khau hang nong san 21 X •> / 1.2.2 Cac chmh sach thuong mai cua nha nude nham thuc day xuat khau hang nong san 23 r 1.3 Kinh nghiem cua mot so nude xay dung va hoan thien chmh sach thuc day xuat khau hang nong san 24 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem cua mot so nude 24 1.3.2 Bai hoc kinh nghiem cho CHDCND Lao 32 CHlTONG : THlTC TRANG XUAT KHAU HANG NONG SAN VA CHINH SACH THUONG MAI TAC DQNG TOT HOAT DONG XUAT KHAU HANG NONG SAN CUA CHDCND LAO 34 2.1 Tong quan ve dieu kien tu nhien, kinh te xa hoi cua CHDCND Lao 34 2.1.1 Dac diem tu nhien - xa hoi cua CHDCND Lao 34 2.1.2 Tinh hinh kinh te cua CHDCND Lao 37 2.2 Thue trang xuat khau hang nong san cua CHDCND Lao nhung nam qua .42 r 2.2.1 Tinh hinh san xuat hang nong san nhung nam qua 42 2.2.2 Thue trang xuat khau hang nong san cua CHDCND Lao nhung nam qua 52 2.3 Cac chinh sach thuong mai cua CHDCND Lao tac dong toi hoat dong thuc day xuat khau hang nong san 59 2.3.1 Chinh sach thuong nhan 62 2.3.2 Chinh sach xuat khau 63 2.3.3 Chinh sach phat trien thi truong 65 2.3.4 Chinh sach ruong dat 67 2.3.5 Chinh sach dau tu 70 fl f 2.3.6 Chinh sach khuyen nong, chuyen giao cong nghe san xuat 71 2.3.7 Chinh sach quan ly Nha nuoc doi voi hoat dong xuat khau 72 2.4 Nhan xet danh gia ve chinh sach xuat khau hang nong san cua CHDCND Lao 73 2.4.1 Nhung ket qua dat duqc 73 r x x 2A.2 Nhung van de ton tai va nguyen nhan 75 CHUONG 3: QUAN DIEM, PHUONG HUONtJ VA GIAI PHAP NHAM HOAN THIEN CHINH SACH XUAT KHAU HANG NONG SAN CUA CHDCND LAO GIAI DOAN 2006-2010 79 3.1 Quan diem xuat khau hang nong san cua CHDCND Lao 79 3.2 Phuong huong xuat khau hang nong san cua CHDCND Lao 81 A 3.3 Nhung giai phap nham hoan thien chnih sach, thuc day hoat dong xuat khau hang nong san cua CHDCND Lao 86 3.3.1 Hoan thien he thong phap luat Nha nude 87 z z 3.3.2 Thue hien chinh sach khuyen khich xuat khau hang nong san 88 Z AZ 3.3.3 Hoan thien cac cong cu chu yeu quan ly nha nuoc ve xuat khau hang nong san 89 z 3.3.4 Tro giup cac doanh nghiep san xuat-kinh doanh, nghien cuu z va md rong thi truong, tfch cuc tim kiem thi truong moi va co hoi xuat khau 94 3.3.5 Tang cuong nang luc tai chinh, nang cao hieu qua su dung ~ z von cua cac doanh nghiep thong qua chinh sach tin dung, ho tro xuat khau hop ly 95 z z z 3.3.6 Khuyen khich ap dung cong nghe moi che bien hang hoa z nong san sau thu hoach, nang cao chat luong va da dang hoa mat hang xuat khau 101 A 3.3.7 Dao tao, boi duong nang cao nang luc to chuc va quan ly kinh Z doanh cua cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh xuat nhap khau 105 3.3.8 Tang cuong dau tu, thuc day chuyen dich co cau san xuat, xuat khau nong san 1(77 Z Z z 3.3.9 Tang cuong lien ket khu vuc va the gioi, to chuc xuc tien thuong mai 108 A 9 Z 3.4 Nhung dieu kien de thuc then cac chmh ssch thuc day xuat khau hang nong san cua CHDCND Lao 109 KET LUAN 111 DANH MUC • TAI LIEU • THAM KHAO 112 DANH MUC BANG CHU' VIET TAT AFTA Hiep dinh thuong mai tu cac nude Dong Nam A z ASEAN Hiep hoi cac nude Dong Nam A BTBTC Bo trudng Bo tai chmh CHDCND Cong hoa Dan chu nhan dan CHXHCN Cong hoa Xa hoi chu nghia CP Chinh phii EU Lien minh Chau Au r To chuc luemg thuc the gidi \ r Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai FAO FDI GSP Tong san pham quoc noi y Quyen uu dai LDCs Cac nude kem phdt trien NDCM Nhan dan each mang ND Nghi dinh ODA Ho tro chinh thuc USD Dong la My VAT WTO Thue gid tri gia tang r To chicc thuong mai the gidi XNK Xuat nhap khau sx San xuat GDP DANH MUC BANG, HINH, SO DO Hinh so 1: Toc tang truong GDP qua cac giai doan ke hoach 37 Bang so 1: Cu cau nen kinh te theo nganh 41 Bang so 2: Tong gia tri xuat khau cua CHDCND Lao qua cac nam 42 Bang so 3: Tong gia tri xuat khau san pham trot nam 2000-2004 43 Bang so 4: Tinh hinh san xuat luong thuc, thuc pham 2001-2004 45 Bang so 5: Tong hop ket qua san xuat thuc vat hang hoa co ban 2001-2004 46 Hinh so 2: Ket qua san xuat thoc tu nam 2000-2005 47 Hinh so 3: Ket qua san xuat luong thuc - thuc pham nam 2000-2005 48 Bang so 6: Xuat khau cua CHDCND Lao giai doan 1995-2005 ( Don vi tfnh: USD ) 55 Bang so 7: Thi truong xuat khau cua Lao giai doan 2001 - 2005 56 Bang so 9: Xuat khau Ca phe sang cac nuoc tren the gioi giai doan 2000-200558 Hinh so Tong kim ngach xuat khau Ca phe giai doan 2000-2005 59 Hinh so 5: Tinh hinh xuat khau cua CHDCND Lao tu 1996 - 2005 64 So so 1: So cau truc su dung dat cua CHDCND Lao 68 Bang so 10: Tong hop dien tfch cay Cao su o cac tinh 69 Bang so 11: Dien tfch cay Tram gio 69 Bang so 12: Dien tfch dat dai su dung cho san xuat nong - lam nghiep 70 Do thi 1: Dau tu va ngoai nuoc vao nganh Nong nghiep Lao .71 giai doan 71 IL TRUdNG DAI HOC KINH TE QUdc DAN £0 PHONGTISOUK SIPHOMTHAVIBOUN HORN THICN • CHINH SACH THUONG MAI • NHfiM THUC DRV XUAT KHAU NONG SAN CUA NUOC CHDCND LAO CHUYEN NGANH MA SO : KINH TE THUONG MAI : 5.02.02 LUAN VAN THAC SI KINH TE TOM TAT LU AN VAN THAC SY HA NOI - 2006 ^1 [f LOT MO DAU Tinh cap thiet cua de tai Trong xu the hoi nhap kinh te quoc te nhu hien nay, thuong mai quoc te la mot van de rat quan nham thuc day phat trien kinh te cua dat nudc De thuc hien l chmh sach md cua vdi phuong cham da dang hoa, da phuong hoa kinh te doi ngoai,' r ■> \ r r hoat dong xuat khau duoc coi la mot linh vuc quan cua nen kinh te quoc dan Thuc te da chung minh, xuat khau la mot cong cu huu dung nhat de hoi nhap va tan dung nhung co hoi qua trinh hoi nhap de tang trudng va phat trien kinh te Xuat khau phat trien se keo theo su phat trien cua tat ca cac linh vuc, la dieu kien tien de de nang cao chat luong cuoc song nhan dan, giai quyet cong an viec lam va lam chuyen dich co cau kinh te theo hudng hien dai Dan so 5,8 trieu ngudi (nam 2005) vdi dien rich 236.800 Km2 gdm 16 tinh va Thu Vieng Chan 70% dan cu sinh song bang nghe nong Lao la quoc gia nam d trung tam cua ban dao Dong Duong, khong tiep giap vdi bien, co bien gidi vdi Trung Quoc d phia Bac vdi chieu dai dudng bien la 505 Km, phia Nam giap vdi Campuchia vdi chieu dai la 535 Km, phia Dong giap vdi Viet Nam vdi chieu dai la 2069 Km, phia Tay Nam giap vdi Thai Lan vdi chieu dai la 1835 Km va phia Tay Bac giap vdi Myanma vdi chieu dai la 236 Km CHDCND Lao co loi the va truyen thong san xuat hang nong san San xuat nong san la nganh thu hut nhieu lao dong, tan dung duoc the manh cua cac lang nghe truyen thong ve nguyen lieu • va lao dong San pham nong san cua Lao da duoc ua chuong tren nhieu thi trudng nudc ngoai Mot nhung nguyen nhan chu yeu dan tdi tinh trang la chmh sach cua Nha nudc nhieu bat cap, chua phat huy duoc tiem nang cua CHDCND Lao san xuat nong san xuat khau Tu kinh nghiem thuc tien cua Viet Nam va mot so nudc Long khu vuc cho thay chinh sach cua Nha nudc co y nghia het suc quan trong viec thuc day xuat khau noi chung va xuat khau hang nong san noi rieng Tu yeu cau cua thuc te tren, toi chon de tai “Hoan thien chinh sach thuong mai nham thuc day xuat khau hang nong san cua nudc CHDCND Lao” de lam de tai nghien cuu luan van thac sy cua minh Muc dfch nghien cun > He thong hoa nhung luan cu khoa hoc lam co sd va dinh hudng cho van de 100 thuong mai Tir nang cao nang lire thu mua, khai thac, che bien hang nong san xuat khau va md thi truong tieu thu cac mat hang nong san Day thuc sir la nguon tai tro to ldn hoat dong kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep De tao duoc quan he vay von tot cac doanh nghiep phai giu duoc uy tin viec vay r r \ va tra theo dung khe udc, hop dong, str dung von dung muc dich, khong de phat sinh no qua han Ngoai co tinh hinh tai chfnh lanh manh nen nhieu can bo cong nhan vien cac doanh nghiep va nhung ngudi quen biet co tien nhan roi dem giri vao cac doanh nghiep de lay lai Cac doanh nghiep huy dong nguon z von phai tra lai suat thap hon lai suat vay ngan hang nhung khong kem lai r r r suat giri tien tiet kiem nen cac doanh nghiep co loi va ngudi guri cung co lqi, x z la nguon tai tro tuong doi on dinh cho kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep Trong thdi gian tdi cac doanh nghiep can giu vung va phat huy hon nua ' a r ’ r nguon tai tro von tren day theo hudng tang cudng von chu so huu, xac dinh von vay r z •> r so vdi von chu so huu d muc tdi uu nhat, giam thieu rui ro kinh doanh Xac dinh co can nguon von va he so mac no d muc hop ly, nguon von cua r x x cac doanh nghiep la gom phan chinh la no phai tra va von chu so huu Xac dinh r r \ ■ duoc co cau nguon von hop ly se lam cho nang luc tai chfnh, kha nang canh X tranh cua cac doanh nghiep tang len, gop phan quan vao nang cao hieu z x qua kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep Xac dinh co cau nguon von chfnh la xac r r r r r r r dinh he so mac no, he so mac no tdi uu duqc xac dinh tai vi tri von trung binh r r r r r r thap nhat va gia tri thi trudng toan bo von cao nhat Neu von chu so huu khong r r ! doi viec nang cao he so mac no la viec huy dong them von vay Theo qui z z dinh cua Ngan hang Nha nudc la tong muc von vay khong duqc vuqt qua von chu so huu tuc la he so mac no tdi da la Trong thuc te cac doanh nghiep Nha r r r r r r nudc duqc cap rat it von luu dong nen von chu so huu rat thap, Nha nudc r r r r • khong che muc von vay khong vuqt qua von chu so htru lam cho cac doanh r r nghiep thieu von cho hoat dong kinh doanh Z X Ngan hang cung nen nghien cuu den va ung dung loai hinh cho vay bang r trudng bien dong khong co lqi cho cac doanh nghiep thi cac doanh nghiep co z z Z X the khong tieu thu duqc hang hoa cua minh ma se dem the chap de tiep tuc dau 101 r r r tu cho san xuat Muc vay the chap duoc xac dinh thong qua tham khao cung cau va ti gia can bang 3.3.6 Khuyen khich hp dung cong nghe mot che bien hang hod r ■ r onom san sau thu hoach, nang cao chat luong vh da dang hoa mat hhom xuat khau Ngay vdi su phat trien nhu vu bao cua khoa hoc cong nghe, nhieu z cong nghe moi, tuu mdi cua khoa hoc ky thuat da giup san xuat tao nhung san pham mdi vdi chat luong va mau ma da dang hon, nho ma chu ky song cua san pham duoc keo dai va thu duoc nhieu loi nhuan hon Trong hoat dong xuat khau cung vay, viec ap dung cac tien bo khoa hoc \ r f cong nghe co tac dong lam tang hieu qua cua cong tac Dieu thay ro nhat la nho su phat trien cua Buu chfnh vien thong, Tin hoc ma cac don vi ngoai thuong co the dam phan ky ket hop dong vdi cac doi tac qua dien thoai, dien tin, giam duoc chi phi di lai Ben canh do, khoa hoc cong nghe co tac dong vao ca linh vuc nhu van tai hang hoa, bao quan hang hoa, ky thuat nghiep z z vu ngan hang, day cung la nhung nhan to co anh hudng tfch cuc den hoat dong xuat nhap khau r r r f f Cong nghe la mot yeu to het suc quan trong hoat dong xuat khau, bdi vi no quyet dinh den chat luong san pham, gia va kha nang canh tranh z z •> cua hang hoa Vi vay, cung nhu bat ky mot nudc nao khac, muon day manh xuat khau, chung ta phai co cac chfnh sach dau tu cho khoa hoc cong nghe mot cac thoa dang Hien thuc cho thay su tien bo khoa hoc ky thuat va cong nghe mot Z X Z Z nudc nao cung nhu tren the gidi deu co tac dong rat manh den su chuyen dich co cau kinh te, xuat nhap khau, no co the lam thay doi vi trf cac nganh nen kinh te va lam thay doi nhanh qua trinh phat trien cac nganh nen kinh te quoc dan Su tien bo khoa hoc ky thuat va cong nghe da va dang chiem linh vi trf quan voi xu the quoc te hoa Vay nudc nao theo kip phan 102 r r r nao hoac cung trinh tien bo thi tao kha nang cho su tham gia hop tac quoc te cua cac nudc X CHDCND Lao hien la mot nhung nudc lac hau ve khoa hoc ky thuat va cong nghe cho nen khong nhung khong dap ung duoc nhu cau Z X xuat khau ma khong dap ung duoc nhu cau thi trudng noi bo A X Chinh sach ve cong nghe cua Lao hien can tap trung vao viec nhap X khau va dau tu nghien cuu phat trien cac cong nghe co kha nang khai thac cac z z z loi the cua dat nudc, dac biet la cac may moc thiet bi phuc vu cho cac linh vuc Z Z X Z nhu san xuat nong lam san xuat khau, may mac, san xuat, Chinh sach ve ' x z khoa hoc cong nghe can duoc tinh toan mot cach ky luong tren co so can nhac Z Z Z giua kha nang kinh te vdi chi phi san xuat va nhap khau may moc thiet bi Hien Z Lao la nudc nhap khau cac may moc thiet bi nhung no khong su dung duoc Z Z Z X X hoac la da qua lac hau, gay ton that khong nho doi vdi nen kinh te Do la dieu X z z can luu y den hoach dinh cac chinh sach co lien quan den linh vuc Z X Thuc trang cong nghe yeu kem va lac hau da duoc neu tai nhieu dien - r r r dan, tinh hinh co cham cai thien nen da anh huong rat manh den chat luong va ■ z kha nang canh tranh cua hang hoa Lao tren thi trudng the gidi Do vay, chinh X sach can chu tdi cac diem sau: - Cho phep cac phan kinh te duoc tham gia truc tiep va binh dang Z vao hoat dong xuat nhap khau se la mot nhung bien phap quan nham cai tien cong nghe va nang cao hieu qua su dung cong nghe Z Z X X Z - Chu nhap khau cong nghe doi hoi suat dau tu thap, thu hoi von Z X Z nhanh, co kha nang tao them nhieu cho lam viec truc tiep va gian tiep Viec X z z z hien dai hoa cong nghe la can thiet nhung phai lay hieu qua kinh te-xa hoi lam tieu chuan co ban de lua chon X Z - Nha nudc dau tu lap Ngan hang du lieu cong nghe de cung cap thong tin cho cac doanh nghiep 103 - Tao lap thi truong cong nghe de cac san pham khoa hoc cong nghe dirpc tra gia dung muc va luu thong binh thuong nhu mot dang hang hoa dac biet X X - Thi hanh nghiem tuc cac quy dinh cua luat phap ve bao ho quyen so r x huu cong nghe cung la bien phap quan khuyen khich dau tu nghien cuu khoa hoc phuc vu cong cuoc doi moi va cai tien cong nghe r x Theo tren thi tien bo cong nghe dong gop mot phan quan vao tang truong kinh te noi chung va viec thuc day xuat khau noi rieng Su dong gop z se tiep tuc gia tang, boi le khoa hoc va cong nghe cang co vai trd quan trong su phat trien cua mdi nudc X De khoa hoc va cong nghe thuc su la nen tang va dong luc cho phat trien X / kinh te Nha nudc thoi gian tdi can uu tien thuc hien cac giai phap cu the nhu sau: 9 X Day manh viec ddi mdi cong nghe cac doanh nghiep, tao nhu cau thuc su thuc day chuyen giao va ung dung cac tuu khoa hoc va cong nghe vao san xuat Ben canh do, cac doanh nghiep can chu dong hinh cac td chuc nghien cuu, ddi mdi sang tao cong nghe tai cac doanh nghiep Cac td chuc co the lien ket vdi cac chuyen gia dau nganh hoac nha khoa hoc tai cac trudng dai hoc thuc hien cac de tai cd y nghTa thuc tien cho viec san xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep Ddi mdi co che quan ly khoa hoc va cong nghe, dac biet la co che tai chmh theo hudng md rong quyen tu chu, tu chiu trach nhiem ddi vdi cac td chuc cong lap Z X Z X Thuc hien co che tuyen chon de tai thong qua dau thau thuc hien nhiem z vu khoa hoc va cong nghe tren co so dam bao nguyen tac canh tranh, hieu qua z va chat luong Phat trien nhanh thi trudng khoa hoc va cong nghe thong qua hinh thuc td z z chuc cac cho cong nghe va thiet bi, cac loai hinh tu van, mdi gidi, dich vu 104 chuyen giao cong nghe Xay dung cac trung tarn giao dich khoa hoc va cong nghe tai cac vung kinh te lon ca nudc U’u tien phat trien nghien cuu va ung dung cong nghe nhu cong nghe thong tin, cong nghe sinh hoc, tu dong hoa, cong nghe va vat lieu Phat trien dich vu khoa hoc va cong nghe linh vuc tieu chuan chat luong, sd huu tri tue, tu van va chuyen giao cong nghe Nghien cuu ung dung cac giai phap khoa hoc va cong nghe nham khai thac hop ly, hieu qua tai nguyen thien nhien, bao ve mdi trudng sinh thai, ung dung nhung cong nghe mdi kiem soat va xu ly o nhiem mdi trudng .' ' Xay dung chien luoc, chfnh sach dao tao va phat trien nguon nhan luc khoa hoc va cong nghe, su dung va dung nhan tai nham khuyen khich va phat huy sang tao, tang nhanh cac phat minh sang che, cai tien ky thuat phuc vu yeu cau phat trien kinh te-xa hoi Xay dung chien luoc hoi nhap quoc te ve khoa hoc va cong nghe; rut ngan khoang each ve khoa hoc va ky thuat vdi khu vuc va the gidi phuc vu cho r r r r qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa va hoi nhap kinh te quoc te Khuyen khfch cac to chuc, ca nhan nudc ngoai dau tu phat trien khoa hoc va cong nghe r a tai Lao Can cd co che, chinh sach dac biet thu hut chuyen gia nudc ngoai tham gia hoat dong phat trien khoa hoc va cong nghe nudc Muon nang cao duqc kha nang canh tranh cua hang hoa xuat khau tren thi trudng can phai nang cao chat luqng dat tieu chuan quoc te Muon lam duqc A A Z Z dieu phai tang cudng dau tu, doi mdi cong nghe hien dai de san xuat, che Z Z Z A bien hang ndng san pham xuat khau cd chat luqng cao, md rong dau tu nudc, thu hut dau tu nudc ngoai de phat trien cac khu cong nghiep, khu che X ' • r r \ xuat nhung su can thiet co ban la nen gan lien vdi vimg nguyen lieu Nang cap hoac xay dung cac xf nghiep cong nghiep che bien cd quy md vua va nho, nhung lai cd cong nghe san xuat tuong doi tien tien, phu hop vdi dieu kien hien tai cua CHDCNDLao Tir nang cao duqc nang suat lao dong, nang cao tay 105 X • z x nghe cua ngudi lao dong Da dang hoa mat hang xuat khau, can tang cudng mat hang co gia tri kinh te cao nhu: hang noi that, go iat nen, dung gia dinh, cac dung nganh giao due Muon thuc day xuat khau hang hoa ndng san pham phai thuc hien phuong cham da dang hoa san pham va da dang hoa thi trudng; gan ket thi trudng nudc vdi thi trudng ngoai nude; vua chu thi trudng nudc, vira sue md rong va da dang hoa thi trudng nudc ngoai, dong thdi vdi viec phat trien san pham chu luc vao thi trudng diem Lua chon san pham va thi trudng nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh xuat khau Nang luc 3.3.7 Dao tao, boi during ndng cao ndng lire to chuc va quan ly kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh xuat nhap khau r x X Nha nudc tao dieu kien thuan loi cho xuat khau bang viec ap dung cac bien phap tham nhap thi trudng va tao dieu kien thuan loi cho viec tieu thu hang hoa X d nudc ngoai Dieu thudng dupe bieu hien nhu sau: r z + Lap cac Vien nghien cuu cung cap thdng tin cho cac nha xuat khau z _ z (Cue xuc tien Thuong mai thuoc Bo Thuong mai va cac Trung tam Xuc tien Thuong mai thuoc cac Sd Thuong mai) Z + Dao tao can bo, chuyen gia giup cac nha xuat khau + Lap cac co quan Nha nudc d nudc ngoai de nghien cuu tai cho tinh hinh thi trudng hang hoa, thuong nhan va chinh sach cua Chinh phu nudc sd tai Z Z Viec quan ly Nha nude doi vdi hoat dong xuat khau cang dupe cai tien va hoan thien theo hudng khuyen khich xuat khau Nha nudc cung X Z Z can sap xep lap va doi mdi hoat dong cua cac bo phan thuong vu, dai X z dien thuong mai cua Lao d nudc ngoai, nham xuc tien dupe cac co hoi lam Z X z an cho cac doanh nghiep Lao, gan vdi nhu cau tiep thi va hieu qua cua cac 106 A doanh nghiep Cac co- quan can chu tim hieu thong tin thi trudng z va cung cap kip thoi cho cac doanh nghiep nuoc, dam bao tinh nhanh nhay va giup cho cac doanh nghiep co the dap irng kip thoi nhung thay doi r r \ a cua thi truong va nam bat duoc nhung nhu cau mdi phat sinh Dong thoi, cung can xem xet va thoa thuan cho phep cac doanh nghiep Lao duoc md van phong dai dien d nudc ngoai de cung co va phat trien thi trudng Ngoai can kien toan bo may va nang cao chat luong hoat dong cua cac Bo, nganh lien quan nham dap ung yeu cau quan ly Nha nudc ve xuat nhap khau, co r az quy che phu hop chat che giua cac co quan quan ly, dieu hanh hoat dong xuat A z nhap khau nham thuc hien tot luat kinh doanh A A Ngoai ra, Bo Thuong mai can nang cao vai trd quan ly ve hoat dong Z 9 z thuong mai, co hoat dong xuat nhap khau De thuc day hoat dong xuat nhap khau, nhat la hoat dong xuat nhap khau vdi thi trirong ASEAN, EU, Bo A Thuong mai can khang dinh hon nira vai trd cua minh Tang cudng hoat dong Z Z tai tro xuat khau sang thi trudng khu vuc va the gidi Mot nhung dieu kien can va du de cac doanh nghiep dung vung va A Z A phat trien nen kinh te thi trudng la cac doanh nghiep can phai nang cao nang luc to chuc quan ly kinh doanh Z Z A Trudc het, can phai xay dung mot chien luoc kinh doanh lau dai, cu the: Z Z A Phai nam vung duoc luat phap hien co, kien nghi dieu chinh, bo sung z nhung luat le thieu hoac khong phu hop A Z Z • Bo may quan ly cua nganh can sap xep lai to chuc cac phong ban theo hudng tinh, gon va co hieu qua dap ung duoc yeu cau kinh doanh co che mdi r f • Thanh lap phong thi trudng va phong sc co nhiem vu nam chac thi z trudng gia ca cac mat hang ma doanh nghiep dang kinh doanh, du kien kinh doanh, dir doan gia ca thi trudng thoi gian tdi, tim hieu thi hieu, nhu cau thi trudng, lamcong tac marketing, scan thao cac van ban giao dich 107 • Sap xep sir dung can bo hop ly Can soat lai doi ngu, nhan vien nang lire yeu kem khong dap ung dupe cac cong viec can cd ke hoach dao tao va dao , z ' tao lai hoac chuyen xuong cac bo phan co nhiem vu thap hon r r r 3.3.8 Tang cuong dau tic, tliuc day chuyen dich ca cau san xuat, xuat x khau ndng san Hien nhom nganh ndng, lam, thuy san dang chiem ty 27% kim r f r ngach xuat khau vdi nhung mat hang chu yeu la cac mat hang ca phe, go va san pham go, ngo, cac san pham chan nudi, rau qua Dir kien toe tang trudng cua nhom se chi d muc 13% nhung nam tdi Hudng phat trien cua nhom r r •> hang 10 nam tdi la nang cao nang suat, chat luong va gia tri De dat ' * z muc tieu nay, can cd sir dau tu thich dang vao khau giong va cong nghe sau thu hoach, ke ca dong goi, bao quan, van chuyen de tao nhung dot pha ve nang suat va chat luong san pham Doi vdi toan bo nhom ndng lam thuy san can rat chu khau cai tao r \ r r giong cay trdng vat nudi, che bien, bao quan, ve sinh thuc pham, chuyen cho, dong goi, phan phoi de cd the dua thang tdi khau tieu dung, tu nang cao gia tri gia tang z Phuong hudng chung doi vdi nhom hang ndng, lam, thuy san thdi ' z gian tdi la phat trien di vao chieu sau, nang cao chat luong va gia tri gia tang Z Z z cua san pham Thu nhat, la tiep tuc chu truong chuyen dich co cau ndng nghiep gan vdi dinh hudng thi trudng Thu hai, de nang cao hieu qua xuat khau, can nang cao chat luong va gia tri gia tang cua san pham thong qua dau tu vao ' Z A z giong, thuy loi, cong tac khuyen ndng va dac biet la dau tu vao cong nghe che Z z bien, bao quan sau thu hoach Thu ba, Tiep tuc thuc hien chu truong da dang • ‘ < Z hoa thi truong dac biet la doi vdi nhung mat hang ma xuat khau le thuoc lon vao mot so ft thi trudng hay mot so khu vuc thi trudng Thu tu, la hoan cac chinh sach hd tro xuat khau ndng san-lam-thuy san, phat trien cac cong cu tai chinh, tin dung nhu bao hiem rui ro toan, chiet khau 108 chung tir de ho tro cho cac doanh nghiep tham nhap thi trudng moi, co bien phap giam nhanh cac chi phi dich vu dau vao cho xuat khau de giam gia A z Thu nam, la hinh co che chinh sach dong bo de thuc hien chu truong bao r r z r tieu san pham, khuyen khich cac moi lien ket giua nguoi san xuat va nguoi tieu thu de nang cao hieu qua xuat khau Thu sau, la nang cao vai trd cua cac hiep hoi nganh hang, bao dam co su lien ket chat che giua cac nganh san xuat, cac z z 9 nha xuat khau vi muc dich nang cao hieu qua xuat khau r 99 De dam bao on dinh cho san xuat, phai xac dinh tam cua nhung Z 9 Z nam tdi la tiep tuc thuc hien chuyen doi manh me theo quy hoach; Ke hoach cu \ r r r the, bao dam co hieu qua ve co cau san xuat ndng nghiep phai lay thi trudng lam dinh hudng, chuyen doi phai cd chien luoc quy hoach tong the, di ddi vdi r ' r \ y r y chien luoc la cac bien phap che tai can thiet Can tang ty von dau tu tu z z a ngan sach Nha nudc cho chuyen dich co cau kinh te ndng nghiep, dau tu r a r a r can bao dam can doi va dong bo giua cong nghiep che bien va vung nguyen lieu r a hudng tdi muc tieu nen san xuat cong nghiep hang hoa vdi quy md ldn, nang suat, chat luong san pham cao, dap ung duqc ddi hoi cua thi trudng nudc Z Z A va the gidi Chuyen tu dau tu khai thac rung tu nhien, sang danh von thoa dang Z A Z cho vice rung va cac cay duqc lieu quy hiem, tang von cho cong tac nghien cuu khoa hoc, chuyen giao cong nghe, dau tu dung muc cho cong tac r r a bao quan, che bien sau thu hoach Nha nudc can cd chinh sach phu hqp de cac doanh nghiep nudc va ngoai nudc tham gia dau tu phat trien san xuat A Z Z A Kinh doanh nhu chinh sach ve dat dai, von, tin dung, dao tao ngudn nhan luc, ' / A Z Z Z dd duqc biet khuyen khich dau tu xay dung cac co sd san xuat che bien hang xuat khau 3.3.9 Tang cudng lien ket khu vuc va the gioi, td chuc xuc tien thuong mai CHDCND Lao la mot nudc vien chinh thuc cua ASEAN Duong loi doi ngoai cua Dang, Nha nudc Lao hqp tac quoc te va khu vuc cang 109 yr y z cd tam quan Hien nay, nen kinh te cua cac nudc Dong Nam A dang r y r y qua trinh lien ket nham xay dung tuong lai phon vinh kinh te khu r r vuc Khdi ASEAN quan tam hon den cac hoat dong chung cua toan khu vuc yr r nham tiep tuc day lui va khac phuc nhung hau qua cua khung hoang tai chfnh y tien te vua qua De nhanh chong hoi nhap vao khu vuc va the gidi, Chfnh phu phai to chuc r xuc tien thuong mai nhu: md them cac van phong dai dien, lap cac trung tam thong tin y r r y y Nen kinh te cua Lao nhieu kho khan nhat la trinh phat trien tang co so thap De khac phuc nhung kho khan, ngoai phat huy noi luc ben trong, y y r Lao can co su tro giup cua nguon luc ben ngoai de hoi nhap kinh te khu vuc va the gidi 3.4 Nhung dieu kien de thuc hien cac chfnh sach thuc day xuat khau hang ndng san cua CHDCND Lao Hien nay, cac doanh nghiep da nhanh chong lam quen vdi thuong mai dien yr -V tu, cd trang WEB ban hang va gidi thieu mau ma bang tieng Anh, dep va luon y r y y y r cap nhat thong tin Nhieu doanh nghiep cho rang vai trd cau noi cua cong dong ngudi Lao d nudc ngoai cung nhu cac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai lam an tai Lao yr r r r co phan rut ngan thoi gian viec tim kiem doi tac Den nay, Chfnh phu da ban hanh nhieu chfnh sach va bien phap de day manh xuat khau Do la uu dai ve thue gia tri gia tang vdi hang nhap khau la nguyen lieu san xuat hang xuat khau, hang xuat khau tai cho; cho phep lap quy bao hiem nganh hang, lap quy ho tro xuc tien thuong mai, tang chi ho tro cho hoat dong nay, giam cac loai phi va le phi de nang cao sue canh tranh hang xuat khau, cai each de don e r r r gian hoa thu tuc hai quan, giay phep xuat khau, Chfnh phu cung ban hanh quyet dinh gom nhieu chfnh sach khuyen khfch tieu thu hang hoa ndng san thong qua ky ket hop dong giua doanh nghiep va ndng dan Bo tai chfnh cung da dieu r r r chinh hop ly muc thue ddi vdi cac nguyen lieu nudc chua san xuat duoc, tao dieu kien de cac doanh nghiep thuc hien lo trinh giam gia thanh, tang kha 110 nang canh tranh cua hang hoa Huong dan viec ap dung thue gia tri gia tang 0% r •> r cho cac doanh nghiep cua Lao doi vdi nguyen lieu hang xuat khau va hang hoa xuat khau tai cho Tong kiem tra de co quyet dinh huy bo cac loai phi cac co quan, cac doanh nghiep dat ra, giam thu tuc xuat nhap khau, thuc hien nhanh r r viec hoan thue rut ngan thdi gian hang hoa cua cac doanh nghiep luu kho, luu Z Z bai ngoai ra, nganh xuat nhap khau, cac doanh nghiep xuat nhap khau cung dau tu khong ft cho viec dao tao nghiep vu cho cac can bo nganh Cac thdng tin du bao thi trudng cua cac co quan quan ly co tin cay cang cao x r z x Ngan hang Nha nudc can day nhanh quan he toan quoc te, tao dieu kien thuan tien va dam bao toan cua cac doanh nghiep xuat khau Hudng dan z z x z viec cho vay von doi vdi ngudi san xuat va doanh nghiep ky hop dong, chfnh Z r sach tin dung uu dai xuat khau duqc md rong, day manh cung cap tin dung uu dai trung han va dai han de dau tu san xuat phat trien xuat khau To chuc hoi Z X cho, trien lam nudc nhieu hon de gidi thieu hang hoa xuat khau, ngoai x r r r can phai tham gia trien lam quoc te dien d cac nudc khu vuc va tren the XX X X X gidi Hon nua, Chfnh phu can dau tu nhieu hon ve co sd tang nhu khai thdng muon Ill KET LUAN Hien tren the gidi dang canh tranh rat gay gat cac mat hang xuat khau de khang dinh uy tin, chat luqng cac mat hang co tiem luc cua dat nuoc minh Z / Mac du thdi gian qua xuat khau noi chung va xuat khau hang nong san cua CHDCND Lao noi rieng da phat trien tuong doi khoi sac, dong gop r r ■> r z rat lon vao phat trien kinh te chung cua dat nuoc, cai thien doi song nhan dan r z Mot so mat hang nong san da tao the manh cho CHDCND Lao tren thi X trudng cac nuoc lang gieng noi rieng va thi trudng cac nudc ASEAN noi chung nhu: go, cac san pham go, ca phe, gao Cac chfnh sach khau khau cua Chfnh phu thdi gian vira qua cung da co tac dung to ldn nhien, de r ■> x thuc day hon nua xuat khau ndng san cua Lao thdi gian tdi gan phai \rr day manh hon nua viec tang cudng dau tu che bien, khai thac ndng nghiep, 9 r z r z chuyen doi co cau kinh te, co cau chfnh sach, sua doi mot so chfnh sach, luat x r x r phap cho phu hop hon vdi dieu kien mdi Ban chuyen de da cd gang phan z x z tfch nhung van de Xuat khau ndng san cua CHDCND Lao thdi gian r r ku r r \ vua qua chu yeu van d dang tho chua qua che bien rat nhieu, chua ov Z chu dong duqc thi trudng, van dua va loi the tu nhien, chua bam sat thi X z trudng xem nhu cau thi trudng Neu khong co giai phap that huu hieu va z z z cuong quyet nhat la tinh hinh kinh te cua Lao dang tren dudng hoa nhap vao x z z z nen kinh te khu vuc va thuc hien cac cam ket da ky vdi cac nudc khoi z •> ASEAN thi viec tieu thu lam san pham hang hoa cua Lao se het sue kho khan Z X X Cac chfnh sach ve thue, hai quan, tai chfnh, tin dung ngan hang can co su bo sung va hoan chinh hon de tung budc phu hop vdi thong le quoc te Mot x z x z phan Chfnh phu CHDCND Lao cung da dong cua mot so rung, vi the can cd cac chfnh sach ve giao dat giao rung de dam bao cho viec khai thac ndng san X Z X Z Tu de tai rut ket luan la can phai day manh hon nua Kien quyet hon nua viec thuc hien cac chfnh sach chuyen doi co cau kinh te, sua doi luat r ku r phap, nang cao nang lire hoat dong cua mot so quy hd tro, dua mot so giai phap nham thuc day xuat khau hang hoa ndng san cua CHDCND Lao 112 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • TAI LIEU • BANG TIENG VIET • PGS.TS Do Due Binh, PGS.TS Bui Anh Tuan “Giao trinh kinh te quoc te” NXB thong ke, Ha Noi 2002 PGS.TS Nguyen Duy Bot, Mot so van de thuong mai quoc te va phat trien thi trirong xuat khau cua Viet Nam (Sach chuyen khao) PGS.TS Nguyen Thi Huong “Giao trinh kinh doanh quoc te” tap 1, NXB thong ke 2001 Ha Noi, tap NXB lao dong - xa hoi 2003 PGS.TS Nguyen Thua Loc, PGS.TS Hoang Minh Duong “Giao trinh quan tri kinh doanh thuong mai” NXB giao due 2000 PGS.TS Tran Chi Thanh “Giao trinh quan tri doanh nghiep xuat khau” NXB thdng ke - 2000 TS Le Thi Anh Van, Doi moi chmh sach nham thuc day xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te NXB lao dong (Sach chuyen khao) Dinh huong va giai phap phat trien thi truong nuoc va ngoai nuoc cua CHDCND Lao thoi ky 2006 - 2010 va tam nhin den 2020 r T.S Leeber Lee boua pao Hoi nhap kinh te khu vuc cua CHDCND Lao r r Vien nghien cuu kinh te quoc gia Lao TAI LIEU BANG TIENG LAO r •> r \ Bo Thuong mai, Ke hoach nam phat trien kinh te xa hoi lan thu (2006-2010), Vieng chan nam 2005 A Bo Thuong mai, Bai nghien cuu khoa hoc ve phuong huong va phat trien thi truong hang hoa nuoc voi ngoai nuoc cua CHDCND Lao giai doan 2006 - 2010 113 Bo Nong nghiep va Lam nghiep tong ket viec thuc hien cong viec nam 2005 va ke hoach nam 2006 o ■> r Bai nghien cuu khoa hoc ve viec thuc day san xuat hang hoa de thay doi quy mo kinh te, Vieng Chan 2005 Bo Nong nghiep va lam nghiep, tinh hinh thuc hien ke hoach nam lan thu nam (2001 - 2005) va phuong huong phat trien nong nghiep, lam nghiep nam lan thu (2006-2010) Bo Thuong mai, chien luoc phat trien thuong mai cua CHDCND Lao tu den 2020 Bo Thuong mai, thong ke xuat khau cua Lao tu 1995 - 2005 Bo Nong nghiep va lam nghiep, tinh hinh san xuat gao va san pham khac nam 2000 - 2005 va dinh huong nam 2006-2010 Bo Thuong mai, thi truong va mat hang xuat khau chfnh cua Lao thdi ky 2001 - 2004 10 Bo Thuong mai, nhung mat hang xuat khau di cac nuoc nam 2004 2005 11 Bo Tai chfnh, Cuc hai quan thong ke xuat khau ca phe nam 2000 - 2005 12 Chien luoc phat trien kinh te xa hoi tu den nam 2010, 2020 va ke hoach nam lan thu nam (2001-2005) 13 Dai hoi toan quoc ve nong nghiep va lam nghiep nam 2004 tai tinh Udomsay nam 2004 r 14 Dai Hoi Dai bieu toan quoc lan thu IV cua Dang NDCM Lao (1986), z bao cao chfnh tri cua Ban chap hanh Trung uong Dang, Vieng Chan Michael r r i r Torado, chfnh sach Thuong mai: khuyen khich xuat khau, thay the nhap khau va hoi nhap kinh te, Vieng Chan 1999 ■ 15 Dai hoi Dai bieu toan quoc lan thu VI cua Dang NDCM Lao (1996), bao cao chfnh tri cua Ban chap hanh Trung uong Dang, Vieng Chan 114 16 Dai hoi Dai bieu toan quoc 'lan thu VII cua Dang NDCM Lao (2001), r Bao cao chinh tri cua Ban chap hanh Trung uong Dang, Vieng Chan 17 Dai hoi Dai bieu toan quoc lan thu VIII cua Dang NDCM Lao (2006), Bao cao chfnh tri cua Ban chap hanh Trung uong Dang, Vieng Chan 18 Ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi nam 2004 - 2005 Uy ban ke hoach A va dau tu Lao 19 So lieu thong ke nam 1975 - 2005 cuc thong ke quoc gia Lao, Vieng Chan nam 2005 r f / r \ 20 Quy dinh chien luoc xuat khau quoc gia, nhung van de va giai phap (Sach chuyen khao) 21 Tn^ngwWb wwwJaotrade.com 22 Trang wcb