Báo cáo " Đổi mới phương pháp giảng dạy một số môn học chuyên ngành thông tin thư viện " doc

oil min phuftfn^ phdip 916119 ^^^ Th6ii9 Im ' Thuf vi^n •=ti^pg rong nhtfng nam gin day, viec H dao tao can bd nganh Thdng tin H - Thu vien (TT-TV) dang dugc xa hdi quan tam. Rat nhieu trudng trong pham vi toan qud'e da va dang md nganh TT-TV. Tuy nhien vdi dae thii la mdt nganh hpc thien ve eae ky nang nhieu hdn la tu duy ly luan, viee giang day cac mdn hpc thudc chuyen nganh nay, nhin chung la thie'u suf Idi cud'n va hap dan. Nhifng van de ly thuyet thu vien hpc thudng khdng ed tfnh triu tupng hay lang man, bay bdng. Phan Idn ehi la cac kie'n thifc khd khan thien ve cae quy djnh va eae quy Ude ciia nganh. Qua khao sat sd bd, tren pham vi toan qud'c hien dang cd gin 20 trudng dao tao chuyen nganh nay thi tuyet dai da sd cac giang vien sir dung phd bie'n nhat phUdng phap thuyet trinh ke't hpp vdi trao ddi va hudng din thufc hanh. Tuy nhien rat nhieu ed sd dao tao mdi md chuyen nganh nay thi viee cho hpe sinh thufc hanh edn rat han che vl khdng cd cac edng cu nghiep vu, do dd viep giang day chi dimg d mifc day ly thuyet bang phUdng phap thuyet trinh, eho hpe sinh lam bai tap gia djnh bang eae vidu ma giang vien nghTra. Vdi each giang day nhu vay, hpe vien thudng khdng hieu rd each lam thufc te va nhin ehung khdng mang lai hieu qua. Nhtfng gid giang ly thuyet khd khan eung lam eho sinh vien mdi met va chan ngan. VI THS. NGUYIN TH! KIM LOAN Trudng Cao dang Noi vu Ha Noi vay ddi mdi phUdng phap giang day cho chuyen nganh thdng tin thU vien thufc suf la mdt nhu eau cap thie't hien nay de ehiing ta ed the dao tao ra dugc mdt dpi ngu gidi tay nghe. 6 bai vie't nay ehung tdi ehi de cap de'n mdt sd phUdng phap da sif dung trong qua trinh giang day eae mdn chuyen nganh TT-TV dat dUde nhifng hieu qua dang khfch le. Muc dfeh la trao ddi, chia se kinh nghiem ddng thdi cung mudn tham khao them y kie'n eua ddng nghiep de ed the hoan thien hdn he phUdng phap eho viec giang day chuyen nganh TT-TV. I. Mot so nguyen tac nham doi mdi phUdng phap giang day De viec ddi mdi phUdng phap giang day eho ed hieu qua can phairtuan thii mdt sd djnh hudng mang tfnh nguyen tie sau day: 1. Tao bau khdng khf than thien va vui ve De hpe sinh yeu thfch mdn hpe, giang vien phai tao dugc khdng khi thoai mai, vui ve va nhe nhang, tranh gay cho sinh vien suf cang thing va met mdi; Ne'u cd the, hay bie'n gid hpe thanh mdt budi vui chdi tap the de sinh vien khdng cam thay bj hpe ma dang dupe hpe. Tdi da timg tham gia nhieu khoa hpe do eac chuyen 18 gia ngudi My, Canada va Oc giang day va eac giang vien nay rat gidi trong viee tao blu khdng khi vui ve thoai mai, ma hp gpi la "warming up". VI vay nhieu khi hpc vien cam giac nhu thdi gian trdi di qua nhanh, va budi hpc da ket thue trong sU tiec nudi eiia hpc vien. 2. Phat huy cao nhai tinh ehu ddng eua sinh vien Khi sinh vien ehii ddng trong hpe tap se tranh dugc nhifng mdi met, se hifng thu hdn va thay thdi gian trdi di nhanh hdn. Viec ehii ddng hpe eung giup cho sinh vien sang tao, chju khd dao sau suy nghT. Do dd, ea bai giang lan bai tap eIn phai thie't ke sao eho ed sU tham gia nhieu nhat ciia sinh vien mdt each chii ddng. 3. Thay dd'i hoat ddng, thay ddi each tiep can van de de tranh su nham chan Nhu tren da ndi viee day va hpe eae kie'n thifc chuyen nganh TT-TV nhin chung la khd khan va thieu suf hap din, do dd khi giang day phai ludn thay ddi each tie'p can va tao ra nhieu hoat ddng khac nhau de sinh vien khdng nham chan. Nhtfng nguyen tie tren day eIn dupe tuan thii khi thie't ke mdt bai giang thi chac chan se tao dupc hifng thu cho hpe sinh. De thay ro eae nguyen tie nay van hanh eu the ra sao chiing tdi xin gidi thieu mdt sd phUdng phap, hay edn gpi la thu thuat de tang hieu qua bai giang. II. Mot so' phudng phap lam viec tang hieu qua bai giang 1. Xay dung eae bai tap nguoc Bai tap thufc hanh la mpt bien phap quan trpng de eiing cd ly thuyet eae mdn hpc. Vdi cae mon chuyen nganh TT-TV thi bai tap cang ed vai trd quan trpng hdn ntfa. Bai tap thudng dupe ra eho sinh Anh minh hoa Anh: VP vien thufc hien de cimg cd mdt so ky nang nghiep vu nhat djnh. Thdng thudng bai tap ra theo dang tU di de'n khd, tU ddn gian de'n phifc tap, tU viec sif dung mdt quy tac ddn le den viee ke't hpp nhieu quy tie vdi nhau de giai quyet bai tap. Tat ea eac dang bai tap dupe ra dudi dang: Cho eae dtf kien, sinh vien diing eac kie'n thifc ly thuyet da hpe de tao ra mdt sd san pham eiia quy trinh xif ly nghiep vu, dd ehinh la bai tap thdng thudng, hay bai tap thuan. Vi du: Cho mdt trang ten sach, md ta cudn sach dd theo quy tic md ta qud'c te (ISBD) hoac: Cho mdt cud'n sach cu the hay djnh ky hieu phan loai cho cud'n sach dd theo khung phan loai DDC Cho mdt cud'n sach cu the, hay djnh chii de, hoac tU khoa cho cud'n sach dd. Vdi nhtfng bai tap dang nay sinh vien se phai tao ra eae san pham eu the nhu ban md ta, ky hieu phan loai, ehii de hay tu khoa dd la eae san pham ma sau nay hp phai tao ra khi lam viee trong day chuyen xif ly nghiep vu thU vien. Loai bai tap thufc hanh nhu vay chiing Tap chf THU VIEN VIET NAM (19) 19 tdi tam dat eho ten gpi la bai tap thuan vl nd dupe xif ly theo mdt trinh tuf thuan tU dieu kien de'n ke't qua. Nhirng bai tap dang nay thudng giup cho sinh vien eiing cd nhifng kie'n thife ly thuyet da hpe va giiip hp hieu sau hdn, cu the va ehi tie't hdn ly thuyet da hpe. Bdi vi mdt trong nhifng dac diem ciia mdn hpc chuyen nganh thu vien la thufc te thudng da dang va phong phii hdn rat nhieu so vdi phin ly thuyet ma nganh hpe da diie riit ra. Tuy nhien de tuan thii nguyen tac ludn thay doi hoat ddng de tranh nham chan thi eIn phai thay ddi dang bai tap; dang thay ddi hifu hieu nhat la dang bai tap ngupc. Bai tap ngupc la dang bai tap ma ngudi thufc hien nd se di theo quy trinh ngUpe lai la tu ke't qua de'n dieu kien. Bai tap ngUde dUde the hien d hai dang: - Mgt la, eho mdt san pham sai, yeu cau hpe sinh nhan xet xem san pham dd sai nhu the nao, d dau? Dang bai tap nay se giup sinh vien khdng ehi phai hieu ly thuyet sau ma edn phai nam vtfng quy trinh xuf ly va tao ra san pham dd. Vl du: Ne'u bai tap thuan la eho mdt cud'n sach, yeu elu sinh vien md ta cudn sach dd theo quy tie ISBD, thi bai tap ngUpe dang 1 nay la cho mdt ban md ta ISBD ciia cud'n sach nay, yeu elu sinh vien phat hien nhifng sai sdt trong ban md ta dd. - Hai la, eho mdt san pham, khdi phuc lai dieu kien cin va dii de tao ra san pham dd. Dang bai tap nay phat huy eao tinh sang tao, kha nang tu duy triu tupng eiia sinh vien. Cimg ed nhung kie'n thUe quan trpng trong quy trinh xuf ly nghiep vu. Vf du: Ne'u bai tap thuan la cho mpt cud'n sach, yeu clu hpc sinh md ta cud'n sach dd theo quy tie ISBD, thi bai tap ngupc la: Cho mdt ban md ta theo quy tie ISBD, yeu elu sinh vien thiet ke mdt trang ten sach theo ban md ta dd. Bai tap ngUpe se ket hpp mdt each hieu qua dugc hai nguyen tie: Phat huy tfnh chii ddng, sang tao ciia sinh vien va thay ddi each tiep can va eac hoat ddng de tranh suf nham chan. 2. Xay dung eae trd choi nghiep vu Trd chdi nghiep vu la dang trd chdi dupe thie't ke tren nhtfng cuf lieu eiia mdn hpc. Dang trd chdi nay ed the dupe the hien d nhieu hinh thufc da dang va phong phu; ed the chdi theo nhdm, theo cae dpi chdi hoac chdi ea nhan; Trd chdi nghiep vu cd the diing dang eac cau hdi, trd xep chtf, doan d chtf hoac dudi nhieu hinh thife khae; ngudi chdi se van dung eac kie'n thufc ly thuyet va thuc hanh de chdi eac trd chdi dd. Suf dung Trd chdi nghiep vu trong giang day se ed nhtfng Uu diem sau day: - Ket hpp dugc ca ba nguyen tie da neu d mue I; - Cd the kiem tra kie'n thife eiia sinh vien trong dien rdng, khdng phai chi trong mdt bai giang; - Giup eho sinh vien van dung mdt each nhuin nhuyin cae kie'n thifc da hpe ea ly thuyet lln thUe hanh, phan ifng nhanh nhay; Tang tinh chu ddng, tuf tin cho sinh vien; De chdi trd chdi nghiep vu ed hieu qua, can phai thie't ke eae trd chdi phii hpp vdi trinh dp ciia ngudi chdi; nen phat trien tu di den khd; Nen thie't ke eae trd choi tren cU lieu eiia nhieu phin trong ChUdng trinh. VI vay tro chdi nghiep vu thudng dupe suf dung de tao khdng khf vui ve, khi can on tap lai mdt ehUdng hoac mpt sd chuong da hpc trong chUdng trinh cua mon hpc. Tro chdi nghiep vu eung cd the dupc md rpng cho 20 cae hoat ddng ngoai khoa khi td ehife eac budi giao luu giifa eae Idp trong khoa hoac gitfa sinh vien eac trUdng eung chuyen nganh dao tao, trong trUdng hpp nay trd chdi nghiep vu dugc thiet ke tren eir lieu khdng phai chi eiia mdt mdn ma eua nhieu mdn hpe chuyen nganh. 3. Hge theo nhdm 3.1 Lam bai thuc hanh theo nhdm Khi giang day mdt so mdn chuyen nganh TT-TV thi viee thue hanh ddng vai trd he't sife quan trpng. Mdt sd mdn hpe cho phep tie'n hanh thufc hanh theo tUng ea nhan nhu mdn phan loai tai lieu, tdm tat, ehu giai tai lieu, tin hpc hoa, djnh chii de, tu khoa tai lieu. NhUng mdt sd mdn khac nhu: LUu trif thdng tin va bd may tra eifu; thu mue hpe; tra eifu thdng tin ne'u lam bai thufc hanh ea nhan thi ke't qua se rat kem, vl trong mdt khoang thdi gian han hep, mdt ea nhan khdng the hoan thanh mdt san pham Idn nhU mdt mue lue, hay mdt ban thu mue, vl the cin phai thiet ke eac bai tap thufc hanh theo nhdm. Trong bai thUe hanh dang nay, mdi nhdm phai hoan thanh mdt san pham hoan ehinh nhu xay dUng mdt mue lue chtf cai, hay muc lue phan loai; hoac bien soan mdt ban thu muc; Do dd tien hanh thufc hanh theo nhdm se phat huy dupe tfnh tich cufc ciia cac thanh vien, mdi ngudi chju trach nhiem mdt khau trong quy trinh thuc hanh tao ra san pham. 3.2 Thi kiim tra theo nhdm Kiem tra theo nhdm la mdt hinh thufc kiem tra dudi dang mdt eude thi gitfa cae nhdm; Bai kiem tra thudng gdm hai phin: Phin chao hdi va phin kien thifc nghiep vu. De eho khong khf budi kiem tra vui ve va thoai mai, phin chao hdi thudng do ban giam khao quIn chiing danh gia, phin nay tdi da chi chie'm 20% tdng sd diem; Phin thi nghiep vu se do giang vien danh gia. Khi kiem tra theo hinh thife nay mdi nhdm se chpn eho minh mdt ten gpi an tUdng, gidi thieu ve nhdm; sau dd mdi den phin thi nghiep vu chfnh thifc. Kiem tra theo nhdm se giup sinh vien phat huy eao dp tfnh sang tao, ky nang thuyet trinh trUde dam ddng, ky nang td chirc va tinh thin doan ke't hd trd ddng dpi. Giang vien cd the cho diem ddng deu theo nhdm hoac phan biet theo ddng gdp eua eae thanh vien bang mdt sd tieu ehf thudng va phat eu the. 3.3 Thuyet trinh theo nhdm Thuyet trinh theo nhdm la dang bai tap dac biet trong dd giang vien se giao cho mdi nhdm mdt de tai cu the nam trong ehUdng trinh hpe hoac eIn md rdng chuong trinh hpe, yeu elu sinh vien vie't bai thuyet trinh va sau dd thuyet trinh theo nhdm ve de tai dd trong mdt khoang thdi gian quy djnh; PhUdng phap nay se giup ciing cd phdi hdp nhieu ky nang eua sinh vien: - Tang eudng tfnh sang tao: De bai thuyet trinh dupe hay va hap din, sinh vien phai thie't ke phin thuyet trinh eua nhdm minh that an tupng, bang each dan xen vao cae kie'n thirc cd ban nhtfng vf du minh hoa sinh ddng va vui lien quan de'n de tai ma minh nghien eifu; De viet dupe mdt bai thuyet trinh sau sac, ddi hdi sinh vien ben canh viee dpc tai lieu va nghien eifu van de ty my cdn phai bie't each vie't sao eho logic, khue chiet, ngan gpn, sang sua. - Cimg cd nhieu ky nang khae nhau nhu ky nang ndi trude dam ddng; ky nang viet; dac biet la ky nang td chire. Bdi vl de td chifc mdt budi thuyet trinh sinh vien phai biet phdi hdp vdi nhau sao cho hieu qua nhat, do dd phai ed diu de td chifc thi mdi dat dupe ke't qua. Tap chf THU VIEN VIET NAM 3(19) 21 - Tao dupe khdng khf vui tUdi, tre trung dung vdi lira tudi eua sinh vien; Khi thuiyet trinh ed the ke't hpp nhieu kien thife phu trp hoac dan xen vao eae phin van nghe nhUve, thd, nhac nen, ea hat Nhin ehung viee hpe theo nhdm se ke't hpp dupe ea 3 nguyen tie da neu d mue I mdt each nhuIn nhuyin, tao eho Idp hpe mdt khdng khf vui ve, sdi ndi, thi dua lanh manh va doan ke't. Tang eUdng tinh ehu ddng, sang tao eua sinh vien va cimg cd phdi hpp nhieu ky nang mem ben canh eae ky nang ve nghiep vu; Tuy nhien de viee thuyet trinh nhdm dat dugc hieu qua, giang vien phai ludn theo sat qua trinh ehuan bj, tUvan dung lue de eac nhdm lam viec theo mdt djnh hudng ehung hUdng den mue dich cudi ciing. Cin chu y khae phue sUy lai ciia mdt sd thanh vien khi xay dung each danh gia ke't qua sao cho cd sU phan biet gitfa eae thanh vien tich cufc va thanh vien ehUa tich cue. III. Yeu cau do'i vdi giang vien khi doi mdi phUdng phap giang day Khi tien hanh ddi mdi phUdng phap giang day, dae biet la ifng dung eac phUdng phap neu tren, giang vien eung phai tuf ddi mdi phUdng phap tu duy va tiep can vdi bai giang ciia minh. De thie't ke cac bai tap ngUpc ddi hdi giang vien phai ludn tim tdi trong thUe te de ed the cd dupc nhimg bai tap thuc sur htru ich dd'i vdi sinh vien. Viee phat hien nhtfng sai sdt trong quy trinh xir ly nghiep vu de tao ra eae bai tap ngUpc ddi hdi giang vien phai ludn di sat vdi thuc te, khao sat cae san pham TT-TV trong va ngoai nude. Mat khae de tao ra eae bai tap ngUpe dang thif hai ddi hdi giang vien phai lufa chpn nhifng san pham dae trung de mUdng tUpng lai eac dieu kien tao ra san pham dd. Thie't ke eae trd chdi nghiep vu ddi hdi giang vien phai phdi hpp dupe kie'n thife ciia nhieu phin, nhieu mdn hpc sao cho logic, hpp ly, nhung vin phai tao ra suf bat ngd va vui de trd chdi gay himg thii; nen thay ddi cac hinh thUc trd chdi de giup sinh vien tie'p can vdi mdn hpc d nhieu khfa canh: tU ehi tie't de'n tdng quat hay ngUpe lai tU tdng quat de'n ehi tiet. Cae bai tap thue hanh theo nhdm yeu elu giang vien phai mudng tUdng dupe toan bd qua trinh diin ra cae hoat ddng dd, de phd bien, hudng din sinh vien each phdi hdp; Phai dUa ra mdt thang diem eu the de danh gia cho ehinh xae va hpp ly; Phai cd ky nang tUvan, gpi md de tang cUdng suf sang tao eiia sinh vien. Tdm lai, ddi mdi phuong phap giang day theo hUdng ehii ddng hoa, tutin hoa va sang tao hoa cae hoat ddng hpe eiia sinh vien nganh TT-TV la mdt yeu elu cap thie't. Nhifng phUdng phap chiing tdi trinh bay tren day da dupe ufng dung de day eae mdn chuyen nganh kha "khd khan" nhU: Phan loai tai lieu, LUu trif thdng tin va bd may tra eifu, thu muc hpe, tra eifu thdng tin, tdm tat, ehu giai, tdng quan tai eae TrUdng Cao dang Ndi vu va mdt sd trUdng Cao dang, dai hpe khae ed day chuyen nganh TT-TV va ket qua rat kha quan. Tuyet dai da sd sinh vien rat hifng thu tham gia va td rd suf sang tao, tfnh ehii ddng, tinh thin doan ket va canh tranh lanh manh khi thufc hien eae bai tap dudi hinh thifc la eae trd chdi nghiep vu, cae bai tap nhdm; Cac em eung hifng thu vdi cac bai tap ngupe va thudng ehii ddng giao nop cae san pham va dieu dd cung dem lai himg thu eho giang vien. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Ho Thieu Hung. Doi mdi phuang phap giang day: "Giao vien bi nhieu rang bugc qL/a7/http://www.tuoitre.com.vn 22 2. Tran Thj Lan. Doi mdi phuang phap giang day tUly thuyet de'n thuc te'/IKy yeu Hpi thao khoa hpc ve ddi mdi phUdng phap giang day tai trUdng Dai hpc Khoa hpc xa hpi va Nhan van. Oai hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi, 2009. 3. Tran Thj Chung Toan. Hudng tdi Trong nhifng nam gan day, nhieu trudng dai hpc, cao ding trong ca nUdc mdi md chuyen nganh thU vien-thong tin. Tuy nhien vi day la mpt nganh khoa hpc chii yeu thien ve thufc hanh va kha kho khan nen mudn gay dupc hifng thu hpc tap cho sinh vien thi ngudi giang vien can phai c6 sU ddi mdi trong phUdng phap giang day. Tac gia bai viet gidi thieu mpt sd phUdng phap lam tang hieu qua bai giang - dupc ifng dung giang day d trudng Cao dang Npi vu va mpt sd it trUdng dai hpc va cao dang trong ca nudc da dem lai ke't qua dang khich le nhU: Xay dUng cac bai tap ngupc, cac tro chdi nghiep vu, hudng dan each thUc hanh va lam viec theo nhom vdi mong mudn dUdc trao ddi, chia se kinh nghiem cung nhu tham khao y kien tU phfa cac dong nghiep de c6 the hoan thien hdn he phUdng phap cho viec giang day chuyen nganh thong tin-thU vien. Dong thdi tac gia cung nha'n manh mpt sd djnh hudng mang tfnh nguyen tac can thie't khi ddi mdi phuong phap giang day nham tao ra khong khi vui ve cho sinh vien, phat huy cao do tinh chii dpng sang tao d sinh vien va tranh sU nham chan trong qua trinh tie'p thu bai hpc ciia sinh vien. nhdng gid hgc vui trong giang day Tieng Nhatl/Ky yeu Hpi thao khoa hpc ve ddi mdi phuong phap giang day tai TrUdng Dai hpc Khoa hpc xa hdi va Nhan van. Oai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, 2009. 4. Nguyin Van Chinh. Dam bao chat lugng giang dayl/Jap chi Nghien cUu Giao due, 2009 Sdl. In the recent years, a number of univer- sities and colleges in Vietnam started offering library and information science education programs. However, this is a majorily practical and boring field of study so lecturers must enhance their teaching methods in order to stimulate students. The author introducces some ways to improve the effectiveness of the lecture, which have been applied at the College of Home Affairs and some other higher edu- cation institutions, and approved to be rel- evant such as opposite exercises, profes- sional games, practice instructions, group works, etc. The author would like to share these experiences and call for ideas from other colleagues in order to further improve teaching activities in the library and information field. In addition, the author emphsizes some critical orienta- tions when renovating teaching methods so as to create an open learning environ- ment for students to be active and avoid boredom during teaching and learning process. Tap Chf THU VIEN VIET NAM 1 (19) 23 . ehu giai tai lieu, tin hpc hoa, djnh chii de, tu khoa tai lieu. NhUng mdt sd mdn khac nhu: LUu trif thdng tin va bd may tra eifu; thu mue hpe; tra eifu thdng tin ne'u lam bai. cae kie'n thifc da hpe ea ly thuyet lln thUe hanh, phan ifng nhanh nhay; Tang tinh chu ddng, tuf tin cho sinh vien; De chdi trd chdi nghiep vu ed hieu qua, can phai thie't ke. kha "khd khan" nhU: Phan loai tai lieu, LUu trif thdng tin va bd may tra eifu, thu muc hpe, tra eifu thdng tin, tdm tat, ehu giai, tdng quan tai eae TrUdng Cao dang Ndi vu