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I PAGE 2 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY BUI VAN DUNG SOLUTIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL ZONES WORKERS’ HOUSING RESEARCH IN NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCES Major Political economics Cod[.]
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY BUI VAN DUNG SOLUTIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL ZONES WORKERS’ HOUSING - RESEARCH IN NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCES Major: Political economics Code: 62 31 01 02 BRIEF OF ECONOMICS PHD THESIS HA NOI - 2015 THIS WORK HAS DONE AT NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY Science instructor: APr PhD TRAN BINH TRONG Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The Thesis is protected agaisnt University’s Thesis Council Located at National Economics University In: date month year 2015 The Thesis is available at: - National Library - National Economics University’s Library FOREHEAD Reason for choosing subject The North Central is in the northern part of Vietnam Central, which is from the south of Tam Diep mountain to the north of Hai Van mountain pass, includes provinces: Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue After 15 years deploying, industrial zones (IZs) of North Central Provinces have been confirmed theirs directions The IZs have gradually asserted its positions, important roles in local economic - social development; created jobs for thousands workers, contributed importantly in social security; trained new worker force with fully technical skills, high discipline, etc However, besides these achievements, currently there are emerging social issues in IZs of North Central Provinces, especially the housing problem for workers are missing, most of immigrated workers from other regions into IZs have to rent housing, their lives are difficult, then rising many complex social issues, difficulties in human resource management, unstable workers’ psychological, insecurely prolong social services etc In government administration side, the policy mechanism is not really adequate and complete to encourage investment, constrain and facilitate adequate conditions for businesses interesting in housing problem for workers of IZs in some North Central Provinces Derived from the actual demand, some IZs enterprises in North Central provinces have invested shelter for workers, but implemented uneffectively in recent years The reasons are lack of synchronized and professional investment: non-guaranteed management, security, lack of support facilities such as playgrounds, kindergartens While high renting prices, unsuitable to each workers type In the coming years, requirements for economic - social development of the North Central Provinces become more and more urgent and they must implement economic - social development strategy, especially must focus to uphold regional and local strength which include completion and development of IZs The further development of IZs raises many issues in social infrastructure, firstly solving housing problem for workers’ of IZs Therefore, the study of the subject: Solutions for Industrial Zones workers’ housing - Research in North Central Provinces has imperatively theoretical and practical meaning Researching purposes and tasks of the thesis 2.1 Researching purposes of the thesis Based on theoretical systematism of solutions in resolving housing problems for IZs workers, survey the fact of solving housing problems for IZs workers in North Central Provinces, the thesis provides direction and solutions to solve housing problems for IZs workers in North Central Province in coming years 2.2 Researching tasks of the thesis Stemming from thesis’ research purposes, thesis’ researching tasks is focused in solving the following main problems: - Contribute to clarify theoretical and practical experience matters in solving housing problems for workers in IZs; - Analysis current situation of housing problems solving for workers in IZs in some North Central Provinces, pointed out the achievements, constraints and causes of constraints on settlement housing for workers in some North Central provinces currently; - Propose orientations and measures to solve housing problems for IZs workers of North Central Provinces in coming years Object and scope of research 3.1 Researching object Dissertation’s researching object is to solve housing problems for ÍZ workers 3.2 Scope of research 3.2.1 About content Referring to the aspect of ownership, quantity, quality and price of housing for workers under the impact of the legal environment, policy mechanisms, solving housing problems for IZs workers in North Central provinces The category Workers hereandafter is meant to be working labors 3.2.2 Scope of space and time - Regarding space, solving housing problems for workers in the industrial zones - research on some areas of the North Central Province - Regarding time, the data is researched from 2008 to 2015 and recommends solutions up to 2020 The main researching achievements 4.1 Newly theoretical and academic contributions - Based on the concept that solving workers’ housing problem is one of important factors to reproduce labor power, ensure IZs’ sustainable development in particular, local sustainably economic - social development in general, the thesis clarified the nature of workers’ housing problems in industrial zones as resolving the relationship between housing’s supply - demand; is to implement system of solutions to solve out interest relationships between government - businessman who providing housing - workers - The thesis has defined and interpreted four factors that affect to solutions of housing problems for IZs workers, which are: i) The macro environment elements; ii) factors related to the business owners in IZs and the landlords; iii) Factors related to workers payment ability; iv) Factors related to organization and management of housing for IZs workers - The thesis has clarified three contents that ever scientific mentioned or analyzed in Vietnam before: i) Identify ownership, housing usage form suitable to each types of workers working in IZs; ii) Proposed financial aid forms suitable to each type of ownership and housing usage form for workers; iii) The relationship between responsibility and interests of government - enterprises - landlords in solving housing for IZs workers 4.2 Conclusions, recommendations acquired from thesis’ research findings From analyzing results achievements, limitations, causes of limitations, the thesis recommends direction and solutions to solve housing problems for IZs workers in some areas of North Central Province in the coming years: - Two main directions: 1) ensure form and convenience for IZs workers’ housing to sync on living conditions for workers; 2) improve the quality of living and social services to improve IZs workers perceptions about housing services - Four major measures that dissertation proposed are: i) Improve legal environment and policy mechanisms to solve housing problems for IZs workers; ii) Increase the participation of employer businesses in the IZs and IZs management board, the company which builds industrial zones’ infrastructure, government and landlords in supplying social services in general and solve housing problems in particular; iii) Strengthen the role of government agents in managing and coordinating the programs, implement in executing and monitoring and participation of political - social institutions, unions organizations at first in solving housing problems for workers; iv) Improve working conditions, heighten labor productivity and increase IZs workers income Thesis’ structure The thesis consists of introduction, conclusion, list of references, appendices and four chapters, 10 periods Chapter OVERVIEW AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY TO SOLVE HOUSING PROBLEMS FOR INDUSTRIAL ZONES WORKERS 1.1 An overview of Researchs related to the topic 1.1.1 International studies about solving housing problems for industrial zones workers First, about ownership, usage forms and regulations of IZs workers’ housing Engels (1995), The situation of English working class; About housing problems, had discussed the change in housing ownership type, the difficulties in finding, tenants of the proletariat in England, housing shortages, housing crisis is inevitable product of bourgeois society ; Liliany S.Arifin (2004), Housing problems for factory workers, confirms urgent needs for industrial enterprises’ workers housing problems in countries around the world; Liliany S.Arifin (2004); Rahman (1993); Chia (1981); IFC (2009); had discussed issues related to supply of IZs workers housing Second, about Government roles in solving housing problems for workers Haryana Government (2010); Kim, Kyeong-Duk (1996; 2012), had clarified the role of central and local government in attracting businesses in to industrial zones as well as constructing and organizing the policies’ implementation related to solving housing problems for workers working in this area, in which emphasized to build single houses for the IZs workers; analyzed the necessity of government’s intervene to solve housing problems for IZs workers 1.1.2 Domestic studies about solving housing problems for industrial zones workers First, meaning and importance of solving housing problems for industrial zones workers Nguyen Ngoc Dung (2005), Some Social Issues In construction and development of industrial zones in Vietnam; Nguyen Tan Dung (2010), To ensure better social protection and social welfare is main content of Economic - social development strategy from 2011 to 2020; Khong Thanh Cong (2011), Build housing for workers in industrial zones: Contribute to ensuring social security; Vu Quoc Huy (2014), Houses for the IZs workers; Le Quoc Hoi (2012), Employment and livelihood of workers in industrial zones, export processing zones and economic zones in Vietnam These authors has pointed out the meaning and importance of solving housing problems for IZs workers to create sustainable growth for the IP Second, analyze the fact and specific recommendations for construction housing for IZs workers Le Xuan Ba (2007), Mechanisms and policies to attract investment from all economic sectors in construction houses for IZs and EPZs workers; Tran Viet Tien (2009), Some social problems in Vietnamese IPs; Dang Quang Dieu (2011), Improving working lives for IZs workers; Truong Thuy (2011), Housing problems for workers in IPs, EPZs and EZs: Needing more mechanisms and policies; Ngo Sy Bich (2013), Applying mechanisms and policies to build housing for workers in industrial zones; Nguyen Dinh Cuong (2014), houses for the IZs workers; Mai Ngoc Cuong (2013), Social Policy for rural - urban migrants in Vietnam today These authors have evaluated the role of IPs in country’s economic development, social stability, however, in the industrial zone there are many problems arising that need to be further addressed, especially the solutions of housing development; Solutions developed social infrastructure Accordingly, the authors recommended the development of industrial zones is planned to ensure a uniform development necessary public utility services; to build a comprehensive system of complete infrastructure, including technical and social infrastructure inside and outside industrial zones in which, build housing for workers should be placed on top 1.1.3 General comments and gaps on subject’s research First, in all countries, the issue of providing housing for low-income workers, poor people in general, IZs workers in particular still faced many difficulties due to the construction and sale of houses for those subjects have usually obtained few profit, therefore, are not attractive to enterprises, companies in this matter Second, for areas that gathers many IZs workers, house selling form for low-income people as well as IZs workers sometimes not feasible, due to the majority of workers are mobile on job So, if we can convert into different forms such as leasing, combined lease - resale it can attract the attention of the people involved - the IZs workers about housing problems their own Third, for solving social housing problems for low income groups in general, the workers in the industrial zones in particular should have a proactive role of the Government in establishing policies and supporting construction and giving credit to the people in their efforts to own houses Fourth, in Vietnam, problems in solving housing for workers in the industrial zones that have not been paid adequate attention, or set up policies just focused on one or a number of the issues but overall and uniform picture and solutions in this matter Vietnamese laws had no mandatory regulations on forcing employers in ensuring the employees’ shelters but giving some preferential policies to encourage Therefore, housing problems for workers currently remain urgent issues Fifth, in IZs, currently, there are types of workers housing: - Houses built by the government in IZs, high quality but occupies only a very small proportion; - Houses built by enterprises in IZs site, with better quality home built by renting households but workers lives here are separated from the community and lack of assembly social infrastructure services; - Houses temporary built by households nearby IZs for renting, has a large proportion of housing for workers In general, the laws of the governmente has created a legal framework for industrial zones’ operation and more complete mechanisms and policies The scientists’ research has approached under different angles both theory and practice about social problems for IZs workers as employment, income, life, provide accommodation for workers, but deeply and systematically studied from the theoretical to the practical housing problem for IZs workers In these studies have not shown the housing needs of the labor group in industrial zones In particular, in the study of the housing problems in Vietnamese industrial zones in general and North Central Provinces in particular, not have the in-depth study about role of IZs companies, businesses and designers in supplying housing for workers but emphasized that role to the government, to public and social policies Currently, in some areas of North Central provinces has 23 IZs already in operation, beside a part of workers is local residents nearby IZs, have houses, the main part of it came from other regions, have to rent houses Therefore, researching to solve housing problems for workers in the industrial zones has to clarify some issues that have not been mentioned, or unexhaustive discussed: 1) How to solve relation supply - demand about housing for IZs workers currently (ownership, usage, regulation and housing prices) suitable for each types of labor (single - married) in the industrial zones in Vietnam? 2) How to address the relationship between Government - Local government - enterprises roles in solving housing problems, housing rental for workers in the industrial zones? 3) Which form of support is appropriate for workers in the industrial zones to possess, purchase house, tenant fit their economic capacity? 1.1.4 Researching questions First, Understanding how to solve housing problems for IZs workers? What nature of housing problems for IZs workers is? Second, What about the fact of solving housing problems for IZs workers, the proportion of owners participate in solving housing problems for IZs workers, as well as the possibility rental firms has able to meet the quantity and quality of housing for IZs workers hired in some areas of the North Central Province currently is? Third, How the solutions for housing problem impacts to workers, to businesses and society’s development? Fourth, How to perfect the legal system, mechanisms, policies, organization and management of resource mobilization from society (State - Local - Business - people) to solve housing for IZs workers in some areas of North Central Province? 1.2 Research methodology 1.2.1 Thesis’ researching framework First, request to solve the housing problem shows the relationship supply - demand for housing among workers and stakeholders in solving housing problems in IZs in some areas of North Central Provinces at present; Second, the impact of housing problems resolution to workers’ spending and accumulation as well as spare money they can send to support relatives in their hometown; to HR stability and firms’ sustainable development which are operating in the IZs; to economic stability, social order of local that have labors work in the IZs; Third, how nations’ legal systems, mechanisms and policies to solve housing problems for IZs workers impact to solve housing problems for IZs workers in North Central provinces? Fourth, based on assertion the fact of solving housing problems for IZs workers in some areas of the North Central Provinces, forecasting developing trends of industrial zones, the thesis will offer recommendations about orientations and measures to solve housing problems for IZs workers in North Central provinces in coming years 11 THEORETICAL ISSUES AND EXPERIENCE ON SOLVING HOUSING PROBLEMS FOR INDUSTRIAL ZONES’ WORKERS 2.1 The nature and meaning of solving housing problems for industrial zones’ workers 2.1.1 Industrial zones: concept and role 2.1.1.1 Concepts about industrial zones Based on analysis of IZs concepts, the thesis pointed out in Vietnam IZs are defined in IZs Regulation issued under Decree No 192-CP, dated December 28, 1994 of the Government shall be understood as Concentrated IZs established by the Government, has defined geographical boundaries, specializing in industrial production and implementing services to support industrial production and not inhabited Government Decree No 29/2008 / ND-CP dated 14 March 2008 regulated about IZs, EPZs and EZs, IZs is understood as specialized areas of industrial production and implementation services for industrial production, with defined geographical boundaries, established under the conditions, order and procedures prescribed by the Government 2.1.1.2 Industrial zones roles First, attracting domestic and foreign investment to develop the economy Second, increase exports, increase foreign exchange earnings and contribute to increase budget revenues Third, absorb advanced technology, modern management methods and stimulate the development of auxiliary domestic industries and businesses Fourth, create jobs, alleviate the poverty and develop human resource Fifth, promote the modernization of infrastructure systems and play as nuclear to form new urban Sixth, developing IZs along with protecting ecological environment 2.1.2 The nature of solving housing problems for IZs workers 2.1.2.1 Characteristics of IZs workers’ housing demand Under the Housing Act, house "is construction for residential purposes and serving daily needs of households, individuals." House has the following characteristics: 12 First, house is the property can not be relocated, it is attached to the land, built on the land The association with this land shows whether it is allocated; Second, house is sustainable real estate, long-time use, slow attrition; Third, house is of high value assets; Fourth, house is diverse, variety both in quantity and quality Under political economics view, housing research is the study of needs of people With establishment of industrial zones necessarily entailed the development needs ensuring housing for workers, because, to develop IZs required employees In turn, workers want to work in the IZs need to have houses Housing research is researching needs of the people, is the attribute of social nature of man’s research Housing research is research about human vital needs after food needs, and we can say it is quadratic human demand Housing demand associated with human life and activities Starting from IZs workers’ characteristics, due to differences in the knowledge and therefore lead to income differences, differences in geographical distance in comparison with birthplace, different home conditions and descent from farmers, therefore, the freedom characteristic of IZs workers is quite high, so their housing needs has following main features: First, IZs workers’ house is often for low-income people; Second, IZs workers’ house is dormitories, apartment; Third, IZs workers’ house is often nearby the workplace to meet the enterprises’ recruitment needs, reducing commuting time and cost; simultaneously meet the demand to work shifts, unexpected demands of the business 2.1.2.2 The nature of solving housing problems for IZs workers Solving housing problems for IZs workers is the system of measures to provide housing for laborers working in IZs In nature, solving housing problems for IZs workers is to resolve the relationship between supply - demand for housing Supply housing for workers is the number of the area and the utility room, where the business houses housing supply in the market for a certain price Demand for housing is the demand for and the utility area comes in the room, housing that tenants have ability to pay Solving housing problems for IZs workers reflects the relationships between: i) Workers work in IZs; 13 ii) Landlords in IZs; And iii) Government Therefore, in another way, the nature of solving housing problems for IZs workers is system of measures in solving interest relationships between government - landlords - and workers 2.1.3 Meaning of solving housing problems for IZs workers First, for workers, solving housing problems for IZs workers is safeguards solution to stick workers with jobs in the industrial zones Second, for manufactures, to ensure housing for workers as a condition to heighten employees’ working capacity and productivity and also is basis for them to stabilize labor relations Third, for local sustainable development, solving housing problems for workers will ensure that generations of workers engaged with enterprises, local, created better living environment, non-conflict and ensure long-term profitability for enterprises 2.2 Requirements, evaluating criteria and affecting factors in solving housing problems for IZs workers 2.2.1 The requirement of solving housing problem for IZs workers 2.2.1.1 Guarantee housing form and conveniences suitably for each type of workers The thesis has analyzed renting types for IZs workers It's home (self-construction, housing) or the rent? Leasing for short or longterm? Shared or private rented? As well as, have to ensure regulations on housing standards 2.2.1.2 Ensure quality of basically living and social services in areas of employee’s housing Accordingly, have to ensure associating living services; ensure basic social services such as access to health treatment, education, culture, sports, 2.2.1.3 Ensure reasonable housing prices 2.2.2 Evaluatiing criteria in solving housing problems for IZs workers 2.2.2.1 Regarding quantitative criteria 2.2.2.2 Qualitative criteria for evaluating quality of housing services 2.2.3 Factors affecting to solve housing problems for IZsworkers The thesis has analyzed four factors affecting to solve housing problems for IZs workers: macro environment; Business owners in IZs and landlords; workers payable ability; housing organization and management for IZs workers 2.3 International and local experiences in solving housing problems for IZs workers and the lessons applyable in some areas of North Central Provinces Based on analysis Korean experience in solving housing problems for 14 IZs workers; the experience of Selangor state, Malaysia; experience in solving housing problem of some domestic provinces such as Binh Duong, Dong Nai, Phu Tho, Lao Cai, Yen Bai, the thesis draw a number of lessons applyable in North Central provinces Those are: First, the construction of housing for IZs workers primarily is government’s responsibility in any levels Second, in terms of government and enterprises not guarantee to solve housing problems for IZs workers, diversifying forms of resolving housing issues as important measures Third, in long term, to solve housing problems for IZs effectively, the government has to coordinate with IZs enterprises to build apartments under social housing form for low income people to ensure workers’ shelters Chapter FACT OF SOLVING HOUSING PROBLEMS FOR INDUSTRIAL ZONES WORKERS IN SOME AREAS IN NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCES 3.1 Characteristics of some areas of North Central Provinces related to solving housing problems for industrial zones workers 3.1.1 Favorable conditions and difficulties affecting to solve housing problems for industrial zones workers some North Central Provinces Based on analysis of natural, economic - social and environment conditions of North Central economic region, the thesis has clarified the favorable conditions and difficulties in solving housing problems for IZs workers Thesis paid special attention to North Central Provinces’ difficulties as low economic development level, higher poverty rates, in 2012 poverty rate of this region ranks third in comparison with regions in the country North Central has harsh climates, often suffer storms, heavy floods This has a huge impact to solving housing problems for workers, both in urgent demanding and difficulties in building and supplying housing 3.1.2 Overview of industrial zones in North Central Provinces According to data from reports of IZs and EZ Management Board, by the end of 2014, beginning of 2015 excluding provinces’ industrial clusters, in North Central provinces from Thanh Hoa to Thua Thien Hue, there are 38 IZs and EZ (23 IZs have been put into operation) In Thanh Hoa: Nghi Son EZ; Le Mon IZ; Dinh Huong Tay Bac Ga IZ; Bim Son IZ; Lam Son IZ, 15 In Nghe An: Cua Lo IPs; Bac Vinh IZ; Nam Cam IZ; Hoang Mai IZ; Phu Quy IZ; Cua Hoi IZ, In Ha Tinh: Vung Ang EZ; border gate Cau Treo EZ; Ha Vang IZ; Gia Lach IP; In Quang Binh: Hon La EZ; border gate Cha Lo EZ; Hon La IZ; Bang IZ; Cam Lien IZ; Bac Quan Hau Quan IZ North; Ly Trach IZs, In Quang Tri: Quan Ngang IZ; Da IZ; Tay Bac Ho Xa IZ; Lao Bao Special Trade; Bien Nam Trung EZ, In Thua Thien Hue: Phu Bai IZ; Tu Ha IZ; Thu Phong IZ; Chan May Lang Co IZ; It can be asserted, the system of EZ, IZs in North Central Provinces during past years, has been gradually strengthen its important position in the local economic - social development strategic, gradually become industrial centers, services development, create new production capacities in key economic sectors, contributing to economic development - economic development of the provinces, successfully implement industrialization and modernization goals set out by local Party Congress 3.1.3 Generate situation of housing for IZs workers in North Central Provinces Currently, in some areas of North Central provinces has 23 IZs have been operated with an area of 102 627.33 ha, attracting 112,127 workers Overview of specific labor and housing problems for IZs workers in North Central provinces shown as Table 1: Table Labor and housing situation in EZs, IZs in North Central provinces 2014 Total number of labor in North Central IZs - Quảng Bình - Quảng Trị - Thừa Thiên Huế - Hà Tĩnh - Nghệ An - Thanh Hóa Housing situation Rent Total Own private Rent house house rate (People) house (%) (People) (People) 112.127 52.526 62.601 55,83 2.987 2.636 351 11,75 4.000 3.200 800 20,00 24.219 8.477 15.742 64,99 33.786 6.639 27.147 80,35 11.994 8.324 3.670 30,60 35.141 23.250 14.891 42,38 Source: [110; 107; 9; 10; 12; 118; 122; 124; 38] 16 Out of total 112,127 working labors, there are 52,526 workers own private houses and 62,601 rent house, equal as 55.83% of current workers in the provinces In particular, Ha Tinh province has highest rate of tenant, as 80.35% workers working in industrial zones, followed by Hue with 64.99% tenant, Thanh Hoa with 42.38% tenants Quang Tri has lowest rate with 11.75% tenant Generally, housing for IZs workers all over the country as well as in some areas of North Central Provinces currently has three types: First, built by government This type is built according to government’s standards, with the highest housing quality for workers leasing, but only take 1% out of total workers housing Second, built by enterprises This type is built in the enterprise's premises in industrial zones but also not much and still inadequate as separate from the surrounding communities, the lack of assembly social infrastructures then still not attract workers Third, built by households surrounding the IZs This type has unsecure living quality and price is often coerced, but takes 90% workers housing because of suitable for living habit like villages and liberal life style 3.2 Situation of solving housing problems for IZs workers in North Central Provinces 3.2.1 Situation supply housing for IZs workers 3.2.1.1 Situation supply housing for IZs workers from IZs enterprises Out of 58 surveyed enterprises, currently there are only enterprises (as 12.06%) supply housing for IZs workers By 2013 in North Central Provinces, housing construction for IZs totally by enterprises takes charges of; government and IZs management boards have not engaged in housing supply for workers 3.2.1.2 Situation supply housing for IZs workers from households Most of renting houses by households supply for IZs workers in the region for extra income purposes is one - storey houses, takes 9890% of investigated houses; only a very small proportion of two-storey houses have built for business activities (rent housing) 3.2.2 Housing situation of IZs workers in North Central Provinces 3.2.2.1 Housing situation of workers in term of ownership The survey result of 169 workers about housing situation in term of ownership shows that approximately 29.58% IZs workers in North Central Provinces have owned their own homes, or home of relatives, acquaintances, among them including about 12.5% private housing of 17 workers is external labor, approximately 87.5% private housing is local workers 3.2.2.2 Housing situation of workers in term of gender, marriage situation and resident By gender, men live in private housing more than women both in terms of proportion and quantity With cases not live in private housing, though the number of men living in rental houses higher than women, but proportion of men living in rental housing is lower than women Women tend to live with relatives higher than man in the period they work at IZs However, the number of women selected to live relatives near the IZs has only 10% women that not have private homes near industrial zones 3.2.2.3 Housing situation of workers in term of single and married situation In general, married workers live in private houses are more than others Married workers if are not local workers or lives nearby IZs, most of them chooses to rent private houses for living convenience Married workers with not following family choose to live with relatives nearby IZs or rent shared rooms to live 3.2.2.4 Condition select rent types (rent general, leased) The survey results of 119 workers rent houses showed that, for both genders, the proportion of men living alone in single room as the same as men living with his wife and children; however, the proportion of women living with family is lower times than female live in single rooms In terms of the marital status of the target group answered the survey, the results showed that, whatever married or not the rate of IZs workers can hire private house only about 12%; the remaining 80% of single workers still have to share rooms with friends Thus, the situation of renting private houses to live alone or with their families has a small percentage In other words, 80% of respondents surveyed are single select to rent room to live together when they enter the work in the industrial zones here 3.2.2.5 Housing area status In terms of rent room area of IZs workers in some areas of the North Central Provinces, the average housing area per workers in landlords houses is about less than m 2/person, provides generally low quality housing services Renting house area in the process of working in industrial zones not depend on whether workers are male or female, but dependent on labor status according to resident, rental payment, monthly income monthly, and also the way they choose to live 18 3.2.3 The impact of solving housing problems for IZs workers in the industrial zones in North Central Provinces The thesis has analyzed the impact of solving housing problems for IZs workers to workers’ income and expenditure; HR stable and IZs enterprises’ development; and social management and development in North Central provinces 3.2.4 Evaluation of solving housing problem for IZs workers in the North Central Provinces 3.2.4.1 Regarding the level of housing providing for IZs workers First, the supply of housing by employer enterprises in the IZs Table Percentage of solving housing for workers by types of businesses in 2013 Unit % Houses by Total Rent houses enterprises Private firms 100,00 0% 100% Limited 100.00 13,6% 86,4% Joint stock 100,00 12,5% 87,5% State enterprises 100,00 0% 100% FDI enterprises 100,00 16,7% 83,3% Source: surveys conducted by author, 2014 Second, the supply housing for workers from households to IZs workers In the apartments are provided from households, IZs workers have more reasonable options suitable to their ability and needs Households have renting houses for workers in the industrial zones are very flexible on rental forms They can lead workers renting a private room to stay alone or with the whole family or sharing room with others The survey results also show that there are no households supply renting house to live alone with a minimum area of less than m2 However, in fact there are workers living with less than m area because they rented a house, and then shared the accommodation with more people The survey results also showed that men who live with friends more than women in term of they have to rent room that average area per person less than m2, the opposite situation occurs when residential area average rent m2 per person While households with rental housing may provide different types of leasing, tenants only have to paid enough ... IZ North; Ly Trach IZs, In Quang Tri: Quan Ngang IZ; Da IZ; Tay Bac Ho Xa IZ; Lao Bao Special Trade; Bien Nam Trung EZ, In Thua Thien Hue: Phu Bai IZ; Tu Ha IZ; Thu Phong IZ; Chan May Lang... local workers or lives nearby IZs, most of them chooses to rent private houses for living convenience Married workers with not following family choose to live with relatives nearby IZs or rent... experience in solving housing problem of some domestic provinces such as Binh Duong, Dong Nai, Phu Tho, Lao Cai, Yen Bai, the thesis draw a number of lessons applyable in North Central provinces Those