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L V T hS 5388 DHKTQD BAN CH!f WAN BAN LAO TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QIJOC DAN *** _ DAI HQC KTQD TT THdNG TIN THlfVI^N PHONG LUAN AN - TV LIEU DOANGCHAY KEOMISAY MOT SO GIAI PHAP THU HUT VON DAU TIT TRITC TIEP NlTtfC NGOAIVAO NUUC CONG HOA ■ ■ DAN CHU NHAN DAN LAO Chuyen nganh: KHOA HOC QUAN LY LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE THS b'm Ngudi hirdng din khoa hoc: PGS.TS MAI VAN BUD HA NOI, NAM 2011 ft - LOI CAM ON Vdi long biet on chan thanh, tac gia xin cam on Dang va Chinh phu hai nude Lao, Viet Nam da ho tro cho tac gia sang hoc tap tai Viet Nam Tac gia xin to ldng biet on sau sac tdi PGS.TS Mai Van Buu da danh nhieu thdi gian quy bau hudng dan, chi bao va gop y cho tac gia suot qua trinh hoan luan van Tac gia xin gui Idi cam on tdi cac thay co giao khoa Khoa hoc quan ly, cung nhir cac thay co Trudng Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan, cung vdi cac ban be trudng va gia dinh da giup dd tac gia suot qua trinh hoc tap, nghien cuu tai Nha trudng Tac gia mong muon ket qua nghien cuu luan van se dong gop mot phan gia tri vao viec thu hut von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao Nude Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao Ha Ndi, thdng 04 nam 2011 Tac gia luan van Doangchay Keomisay MUC • LUC • DANH MUC CAC TU VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG VA BIEU DO TOM TAT LUAN VAN LOIMODAU CHITONG 1: LY LUAN VA BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM QUOC TE VE THU HUT VON DAU TLf TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI 1.1 KHAI NIEM VA DAC DIEM VE VON FDI 1.1.1 Khai niem ve von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 1.1.2 Dae diem chu yeu cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai hien 1.2 MUC TIEU THU HUT VON DAU TU* TRUC TIEP NUdC NGOAI VAO PHAT TRIEN KINH TE CUA NLTdC CHDCND LAO 1.3 MOT SO HINFI THUG DAU TETTRUC TIEP NLTdC NGOAI 11 1.3.1 Hop dong hop tac kinh doanh 11 1.3.2 Doanh nghiep lien doanh 11 1.3.3 Doanh nghiep 100% von nude ngoai 12 1.3.4 Mua lai va sap nhap (M&A) 12 1.4 VAI TRO CUA FDI DOI VOl NLTOC NHAN DAU TU- 13 1.4.1 Tac dong tich cue cua FDI doi vdi nude nhan dau tu 13 1.4.2 Tac dong tieu cue cua FDI doi vdi nude nhan dau tu 15 1.5 CAC YEU TO ANH HUdNG DEN QUA TRINH THU HUT FDI 17 1.5.1 Su on dinh ve chinh tri, kinh te - xa hoi 17 1.5.2 Moi trudng phap ly cua nude nhan dau tu 18 1.5.3 Trinh phat trien cua nen kinh te 18 1.5.4 Vi tri dia ly, cac dieu kien tu nhien va dan so 18 1.5.5 Cac chinh sach thu hut FDI cua nude nhan dau tu 19 1.6 XU HUdNG VAN DONG CUA FDI TREN THE Gidi VA KINH NGHIEM THU HUT FDI CUA MOT SO NUdC 20 1.6.1 Xu hudng van dong cua FDI tren the gidi 20 1.6.2 Kinh nghiem thu hut FDI tai mot so quoc gia khu vuc 23 1.6.3 Bai hoc kinh nghiem cho viec thu hut FDI cua Lao 29 CHUONG 2: THUC TRANG THU HUT VON DAU TU TRlfC TIEP NIOC NGOAI VAO NUOC CHDCND LAO GIAI DOAN 1988 - 2010 32 2.1 KHAI QUAT VE DIEU KIEN TU NHIEN, KINH TE XA HOI NUdC CHDCND LAO CO ANH FlUdNG DEN VIEC THU HUT FDI 32 2.1.1 Dieu kien tu nhien 32 2.1.2 Dieu kien kinh te - xa hoi 33 2.1.3 Nhung thuan loi va kho khan .40 2.2 THUC TRANG THU HUT FDI VAO CHDCND LAO THdl KY 1988 - 2010 43 2.2.1 Tong quan tinh hinh thu hut FDI vao CHDCND Lao .43 2.2.2 Thue trang thu hut FDI theo nganh kinh te cua Lao 47 2.2.3 Thue trang thu hut FDI theo vimg kinh te cua Lao 50 2.2.4 Thirc trang thu hut FDI tir cac nude tren the gidi 52 2.3 DANH GIA VIEC THU HUT FDI VAO NUdC CHDCND LAO .54 2.3.1 Tac dong tlch cue cua FDI 54 2.3.2 Nhung han che viec thu hut cua FDI 64 2.3.3 Nguyen nhan cua nhung han che viec thu hut FDI 67 CHUONG 3: PHUONG HUONG VA GIAI PHAP TANG CUONG THU HUT VON DAU TU TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI VAO NUOC CHDCND LAO DEN NAM 2020 77 3.1 QUAN DIEM VA DINH HUdNG THU HUT FDI d CHDCND LAO TRONG BOI CANH Mdl 77 3.1.1 Muc tieu chien luge phat trien kinh te - xa hoi den nam 2020 77 3.1.2 Quan diem thu hut va sir dung FDI cua nude CHDCND Lao nham phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua dat nude 78 3.1.3 Dinh hudng thu hut FDI den nam 2020 81 3.2 MOT SO GIAI PHAP CHU YEU NHAM TANG CU'dNG THU HUT FDI VAO NU”dC CHDCND LAO 83 3.2.1 Tiep tuc gitr vung on dinh ve chinh tri, xa hoi .84 3.2.2 Tiep tuc hoan thien chinh sach thu hut FDI 84 3.2.3 Tang cudng dau tu xay dung he thong co sd tang 88 3.2.4 Hoan thien he thong phap luat ve dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 89 3.2.5 Nang cao hieu qua quan ly Nha nude doi vdi von FDI 90 3.2.6 Nang cao chat luong can bo va lao dong cho cac doanh nghiep co von dau tu nude ngoai 92 3.2.7 Xay dung chien luge thu hut FDI 92 3.2.8 Ho trg giup sau du an dugc cap giay phep va da trien khai 93 3.2.9 Tang cudng hoat dong xue tien dau tu 94 KET LUAN 96 DANH MUC TAI LIEU TH AM KHAO DANH MUC CAC TU VIET TAT Tieng Anh Tieng Viet Viet tat ASEAN Hiep hoi cac quoc gia Dong Nam A Association of South East Asian Nations CHDCND Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan CNH - HDH Cdng nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa People’s Democratic Republic Industrialisation - Mordemisation EU Lien minh chau Au European Union FDI Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai Foreign Direct Investment DTNN Dau tu nude ngoai Foreign Investment GDP Tong san pham quoc noi Gross Domestic Production IMF Quy tien te quoc te International Monetary Fund M&A Mua lai va sap nhap Merger & Acquitition NTR Quy che thuong mai binh thuong Normal Trade Relations ODA Vien tro phat trien chinh thuc Official Development Assistance TNCs Cong ty xuyen quoc gia Transnational Corperations UNCTAD To chuc Lien Hiep quoc ve thuong United Nations Conference on Trade and mai va Phat trien Development USD Do la My United States Dollar WTO To chuc thuong mai the gidi World Trade Organization XHCN Xa hoi chu nghia Socialist DANH MUC BANG VA BIEU DO BANG Bang 1.1: So von FDI 10 nude nhan nhieu nhat d Nam, Bac va Nam-Bac Chau A (Ty USD) .23 Bang 2.1 Tinh hinh thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cua Lao giai doan 1988-2010 44 Bang 2.2: So von va du an FDI theo nganh va linh vuc d Lao giai doan 1988 - 2010 .48 Bang 2.3: FDI vao Lao phan theo cac vung giai doan 1988 - 2010 50 Bang 2.4:Tong ket nguon FDI vao Lao theo quoc gia giai doan 1988-2010 53 Bang 2.5: Von dau tu phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua Lao thdi ky 2001 - 2008 54 Bang 2.6: Su bien doi co cau nganh kinh te Lao 57 Bang 2.7: Xuat khau cua cac doanh nghiep FDI tu nam (2000 - 2008) 59 BIEU DO Bieu 1.1: Von FDI hoat dong tren the gidi tu nam 1980 - 2007 21 Bieu 1.2: Von FDI vao cac khu vuc va cac nude tren the gidi 22 Bieu 2.1: Toe tang trudng GDP cua Lao (1981 - 2009) 36 Bieu 2.2: Ty le lam phat d Lao (1996 - 2009) 37 Bieu 2.3: Ty gia hoi doai dong tien kip (1985 - 2009) 38 Bieu 2.4: GDP trung binh dau ngudi giai doan 2000 - 2009 39 Bieu 2.5: Quy mo binh quan mot du an cac giai doand Lao 46 Bieu 2.6: So von thirc hien va von dang ky nam 2000- 2008 47 Bieu 2.7: Ty le so du an theo co cau nganh (%) 49 Bieu 2.8: Ty le so von dau tu theo co cau nganh (%) 49 Bieu 2.9: Suat tang trudng cac nganh kinh te 58 Bieu 2.10: Tinh hinh xuat nhap khau cua Lao giai doan 2000 - 2008 60 Bieu 2.11: Nguon thu ngan sach Nha nude 62 Bieu 2.12: So viec lam true tiep khu vuc FDItu nam (2000 - 2007) 63 w TRUING DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN *** DOANGCHAY KEOMISAY MOT SO GI Al PHAP THU HUT VON DAU TIT ■ TRlfC TIEP NlftFC NGOAI VAO NUtfC CONG HOA ■ ■ DAN CHU NHAN DAN LAO Chuyen nganh: KHOA HOC QUAN LY TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • • HA NOI, NAM 2011 [f TOM TAT LUAN VAN Thu hut von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai (Foreign Direct Investment- FDI) da trd xu the khach quan chien lupc phat trien kinh te cua nhieu quoc gia va FDI dupe nhin nhan nhu la mot nhung nhan to quan de thuc day nen kinh te tang trudng va phat trien nhu mot xu the chung nay, tat ca cac nude tren the gidi deu canh tranh de thu hut dupe nhieu nguon von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai bang each khong ngung cai thien moi trudng dau tu quoc gia, tao lap mot moi trudng dau tu kinh doanh thuan lpi nhat cho cac nha dau tu Doi vdi Cong hoa Dan chu nhan dan Lao (CHDCND Lao) de phat trien kinh te - xa hoi doi hoi phai cd lupng von ldn De dap ung dupe nhu cau khong the chi dua vao nguon von nude ma phai khai thac tot nguon von dau tu nude ngoai su tich luy nude thap nen ddi hoi phai thu hut dau tu nude ngoai, FDI la nguon von quan Vdi ly do tac gia da chon de tai nghien cuu: “Mot so giai phap thu hut von dau tur true tiep nude ngoai vao Nuoc Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao” CHUONG LY LUAN VA BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM QUOC TE VE THU HUT VON DAU TU TRUC TIEP NUdC NGOAI 1.1 KHAI NIEM VA DAC DIEM VE VON FDI Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai la loai hinh kinh doanh cua nha dau tu nude ngoai bo von bang tien hoac bat ky tai san nao de thiet lap cac cof sd san xuat kinh doanh d nude tiep nhan dau tu, nhd ho cd quyen sd huu va true tiep tham gia quan ly, dieu hanh doi tupng ma ho bo von dau tu nham muc dich thu dupe lpi nhuan tu nhung hoat dong dau tu Von dau tu la loai vdn tich luy dupe hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua cac ca nhan, tap the va Nha nude nham thuc hien dau tu de md rong san xuat va dich vu hay tao nang luc san xuat mdi Tren giac quoc gia, nguon von dau tu 85 xu ly nhanh chong va co hieu qua cac van de lien quan den linh vuc nhu van de thu tuc cap dat, den bu, giai phong mat bang va bao dam tinh on dinh cua khu dat duoc su dung cho dau tu nudc ngoai Nhanh chong dua quy hoach dat dai phuc vu cho dau tu nudc ngoai, trudc het la quy hoach danh cho cac khu kinh te dac biet, khu cdng nghiep va cac vung kinh te dong luc Phat huy nang lire cua cac cu quan hoach dinh chinh sach ve dat dai nhu Chinh phu viec xay dung cac dao luat, cac chinh sach, quy dinh ve dat dai ap dung ddi vdi hoat dong dau tu nudc ngoai - Hoan thien cac chinh sach thue: Trong boi canh mdi, chinh sach thue d Lao trd van de duoc quan tarn hang dau cua cac doanh nghiep cung nhu Nha nudc Lao Mot mat, he thong thue cua Lao dang boc lo kha nhieu nhuuc diem, hieu qua he thong thue thap va tinh trang tron, lau thue kha bien Tren thuc te, chung muc nao he thong thue van sir bat binh dang giua doanh nghiep nudc vdi doanh nghiep nudc ngoai Vi vay, doi hoi Nha nudc phai tang cudng quan ly bang he thong phap luat mot each chat che de nen kinh te di dung hudng Tiep theo hudng dun gian hoa cac sac thue, tirng budc ap dung he thong thue chung cho ca dau tu nudc va dau tu nudc ngoai Tiep tuc cai each he thong chinh sach thue theo hudng dun gian hoa cac sac thue de thuc hien, md rong dien thu thue dong thdi giam ty le thue phai nop Nghien cuu va tirng budc tien tdi thuc hien chuyen tir cu che thu thue hien sang cu che tu ke khai, tir tinh thue, tir nop thue theo luat va chiu trach nhiem trudc phap luat, cu quan thue chi kiem tra lai mot so trudng hup can thiet Bd sung cac khuyen khich dau tu Khuyen khich cac phan kinh te tham gia dau tu cac hoat dong cdng ich va cd chinh sach mien giam thue ddi vdi cac hoat dong Cd nhu vay mdi giai quyet duuc hai hoa mdi quan he gitra loi ich Nha nudc, xa hoi va cac doanh nghiep ca nudc va nudc ngoai, kich thich phat trien san xuat va bao dam cdng bang kinh doanh cung nhu xa hoi - Hoan thien chinh sach tien te, tin dung: Nha nudc Lao thuc hien chinh sach 86 tien te - tin dung nham muc tieu on dinh de hudng tdi sir tang trudng, khuyen khich dau tu nudc ngoai; md rong san xuat kinh doanh; on dinh thi trudng tai chinh De dap ung duoc muc tieu do, can phai ban hanh cac quy dinh ve bao dam vay vdn cho cac doanh nghiep; xay dung quy che quan ly hoat dong tai chinh cac doanh nghiep Cu the co mot sd giai phap nhu sau: + Quan ly chat che he thong ngan hang thuong mai, ca cac chi nhanh ngan hang nudc ngoai viec thuc hien nghiep vu ngan hang, ap dung che ty gia hoi doai co su quan ly va dieu tiet vi md cua Nha nudc + Ban hanh cac quy dinh ve bao dam vay vdn, cam cd, the chap, bao lanh de cac doanh nghiep co vdn dau tu nudc ngoai co the vay vdn cua to chuc tin dung Thuc su tao dieu kien thuan loi cho cac doanh nghiep cd vdn dau tu nudc ngoai dupe tiep can thi trudng vdn nudc, duoc vay tin dung tai cac to chuc tin dung dupe phep hoat dong d Lao Trong xu the toan cau hoa, ngan hang Nha nudc Lao khong the hoat dong don doc, khep kin va cang khong the bi dong Trong boi canh hien nay, ngan hang Nha nudc phai co chien lupc tong the phat trien bang nhtrng dieu kien va nang luc cu the cua dat nudc Vdi su canh tranh gay gat ve moi mat ca thu hut vdn dau tu, xuat khau san pham lai suat nudc se bien dong theo hudng phu hop vdi lai suat khu vuc va the gidi Chinh sach ty gia hoi doai va lai suat nudc linh hoat phu hop se khuyen khich dau tu, thuc day xuat khau va thu dupe ngoai te nhieu hon Hoan thien co che, chinh sach tien te linh hoat nham on dinh tien te, dam bao cho mdi trudng tai chinh - tien te lanh manh chong lam phat, chong dau co ngoai te, ty suat hoi doai on dinh, muc lai suat hop ly se anh hudng tdt den mdi trudng dau tu - Chinh sach lao dong va tien luang: Cai thien chinh sach lao dong tien luong theo hudng cho phep cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai true tiep tuyen dung lao dong, khong thong qua trung gian; tang cudng giao due dao tao toan dien de nang cao chat lupng lao dong Lao; tang cudng hieu luc cac quy dinh cua Chinh phu ve 87 lao dong; hoan thien thu tuc doi vdi lao dong cac doanh nghiep co von FDI nhu phai ky hap dong lao dong, thoa udc lao dong tap the, lap cac to chuc cong doan, to chuc Dang de hoat dong dua tren nguyen tac bao dam quyen loi cua ngudi lao dong va cac doanh nghiep De thuc hien tot muc tieu nay, can thuc hien cac giai phap sau day: + Can xue tien hoan thien cac loai van ban quy dinh ap dung ddi vdi ngudi lao dong va phia tuyen dung lao dong cac doanh nghiep cd von FDI, nhat la quy dinh ve tuyen dung, lira chon lao dong ke ca nghia vu cua ngudi lao dong, chuc nang cua cac co quan quan ly lao dong, ve cong tac dao tao, de bat va sa thai lao dong, cac van ban xu ly tranh chap ve lao dong, tien luong va tien thudng Can manh dan quy dinh ve tien luang cho ngudi lao dong Lao va nudc ngoai bang mot muc gia neu ca hai cd trinh va kinh nghiem bang + Can tang cudng giao due dao tao toan dien de nang cao chat luong lao dong cua Lao, dap ung yeu cau cua cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai ve gia ca, chat lupng va ky luat lao dong Lao Dong thdi, tang cudng hieu luc cua cac quy dinh chinh phu ve lao dong dac biet la ve ky ket hpp ddng lao dong, xu ly nghiem minh nhung trudng hpp lam sai quy dinh ve tra cong lao dong, tinh thue thu nhap ca nhan + Can lap to chuc cong doan cac doanh nghiep cd von FDI vi Cong doan la ngudi dai dien hpp phap cho ngudi lao dong, cd vai trd dung bao ve quyen loi cho ho nhu vay phai chu y xay dung nd trd len vung manh lam cho dua dang tin cay cho ngudi lao dong viec bao ve loi ich vat chat cua ho + Can cong bo tang cudng su hieu biet ve kien thuc lien quan den phap luat cho cong nhan lao dong cac doanh nghiep cd von dau tu nudc ngoai de han kien thuc lien quan den chinh sach lao dong thuc hien tung thdi gian Cac bo phan quan ly hoat dong dau tu nudc ngoai cua Chinh phu va to chuc Cong doan cac doanh nghiep cd von FDI cd vai trd quan trong viec xay dung mdi quan he giua cac ben - Chinh sach thi tnrang va tieu thu san pham: Dam bao ddi xu cong bang, 88 thoa dang va binh dang gitra cac nha dau tu nudc va nudc ngoai Khuyen khich xuat khau va xuc tien hoat dong thuong mai de md rong thi trudng, khai thac the manh cua ben nudc ngoai hoat dong nghien cuu thi trudng de ho tro cho hoat dong kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep nudc noi chung va cua doanh nghiep cd von FDI noi rieng Xac dinh cu the cac nganh nghe, linh vuc duoc uu tien va nhung nganh nghe ma Lao cd tiem luc ldn nhung thieu vdn nen chua phat huy duoc nhu cac nganh thuoc linh vuc ndng, lam, khai thac tai nguyen thien nhien Khuyen khich xuat khau nhung san pham va hang hoa ma Lao cd kha nang che tao va lap rap nudc dac biet la nhung san pham va hang hoa mang thuong hieu cua Lao - Chinh sach cdng nghe: Can ban hanh cu che quan ly chuyen giao cdng nghe, khuyen khich cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai chuyen giao cdng nghe hien dai vao Lao, giam tinh trang chuyen giao cdng nghe trung gian, cdng nghe lac hau, gia ca cao, gay o nhiem mdi trudng De dat duoc muc tieu thu hut cdng nghe hien dai vao Lao thdi gian tdi, dieu dau tien can phai thuc hien la phai xay dung mot chien luge thu hut cdng nghe lau dai, phu hop vdi dieu kien cu the cua tirng giai doan va dac thu cua Lao Xay dung cac trung tarn dich vu tu van va tham dinh cdng nghe de giup cac nha quan ly va ddi tac Lao thuc hien viec giam dinh chat lugng va gia ca mot each dang ke, tranh tinh trang nhap khau hoac chuyen giao cdng nghe, thiet bi lac hau vdi gia ca cao 3.2.3 Tang cudng dau tir xay dung he thong co’ so’ tang Viec xay dung cor sd tang la dieu kien vat chat hang dau de cac nha dau tu cd the nhanh chong thong qua cac quy dinh de dau tu va trien khai cac dir an dau tu da dugc cap phep Phat trien he thong cu sd tang khong chi la dieu kien can de tang su hap dan cua mdi trudng dau tu, tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho cac nha dau tu trien khai cac dir an va ke hoach dau tu cua minh, ma cdn la cu hoi de Lao tang thu hut vdn nudc ngoai dau tu vao linh vuc tang Vi vay, Chinh phu phai uu tien dau tu phat trien cu sd tang tir nhieu 89 nguon von nhu von ngan sach Nha nudc, vdn vay ODA, vay thuong mai, khuyen khich vdn tu nhan dau tu cho cac du an Nha nudc, khuyen khich ban than FDI dau tu vao cac dir an BOT, BT de phat trien tang theo quy hoach thong nhat, bao dam tinh lien tuc dong bo va hien dai cua he thong co sd tang Trong thdi gian tdi, can dac biet coi viec nang cap va hien dai hoa co sd tang nhu mang ludi thong tin lien lac, he thong dien, cap nudc, dudng giao thong, san bay, kho tang, xu ly chat thai va ve sinh mdi trudng 3.2.4 Hoan thien he thong phap luat ve dau tir true tiep nude ngoai De cai thien mdi trudng phap luat ve dau tu nudc ngoai d Lao, doi hoi phai tao dieu kien thong thoang ve phap ly cho hoat dong dau tu theo ca nghia ban hanh va luat hoa nhtrng quy che mdi, ca dd bo, sua doi nhung quy che da to kem hieu luc hoac khong phu hop vdi thong le quoc te Dong thdi, de tao duoc mdi trudng phap ly binh dang cho hoat dong dau tu nudc ngoai va dau tu nudc, can tien tdi thong nhat mot bo luat dau tu nhat chung cho ca dau tu nudc va dau tu nudc ngoai Qua trinh hoan thien he thong phap luat phai dap ung dupe the che hoa chinh sach phat trien nen kinh te nhieu phan, cac phan kinh te phai duoc hoat dong tren mot khuon kho chung binh dang Can tao mdi trudng phap ly cho hoat dong dau tu nudc ngoai d Lao theo xu hudng dong bo hoa ve luat, cho phu hop vdi tinh hinh nudc va thong le quoc te Can coi ca viec ban hanh quy che mdi va dd bo nhung quy che khong phu hop vdi thong le quoc te, tranh su chong cheo, mau thuan giua cac luat giua cac nghi dinh va thong tu, quyet dinh cua cac nhung yeu to quyet dinh, tao mdi trudng kinh doanh toan dien, dinh hudng va ho tro cho cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai phai the hien noi dung co ban cua cac nguyen tac 90 chu yeu; ton doc lap, chu quyen binh dang, cung co loi va theo thong le quoc te Nguyen tac cua viec hoan thien he thong phap luat can phai dam bao quyen loi binh dang, khong phan biet doi xtr cho cac doanh nghiep co von FDI va cac doanh nghiep nudc Trong qua trinh xay dung chinh sach, phai lay y kien cua cac chuyen gia, cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai, cac nha dau tu nudc, dong thdi can cu vao thuc tien, cac bai hoc kinh nghiem cong cua cac nudc di trudc ma dua chinh sach Phai to chuc tong ket theo dinh ky ve tinh hinh thu hut FDI vao hoat dong cua cac doanh nghiep cd von dau tu nudc ngoai de mot mat rut kinh nghiem cong tac quan ly, mat khac phat hien nhung bat hop ly cua co che chinh sach va hoan thien nd 3.2.5 Nang cao hieu qua quan ly Nha nuoc doi voi von FDI De nang cao hieu lire quan ly Nha nudc ddi vdi hoat dong FDI d Lao thdi gian tdi, can xue tien nhung giai phap co ban sau day: - Phan cap quan ly Nha nudc doi vdi FDI cho cap Bo, cap tinh, Sau tao dung duoc mdi trudng phap ly va co che chinh sach thong thoang, hap dan, nhung van de then chot cd tinh quyet dinh la viec chi dao dieu hanh tap trung va thong nhat cua Chinh phu ve quan ly quy hoach, co cau, chinh sach va co che Trong do, chu phan cap quan ly Nha nudc ddi vdi hoat dong FDI cho cac Bo, nganh va dia phuong, dong thdi tang cudng su hudng dan va kiem tra Cd co che xu ly nghiem khac cac trudng hop vi pham luat phap, chinh sach, quy hoach viec thuc hien chu truong phan cap quan ly Nha nudc ve FDI Trong thdi gian tdi, Chinh phu Lao can giao quyen tu chu nhieu hon cho cac tinh, dia phuong quan ly FDI, dong thdi can cd sir chi dao thong nhat cua Chinh phu va su phoi hop chat che tir Trung uong den dia phuong, giua cac Bo, nganh va cac co quan quan ly hoat dong dau tu nudc ngoai; phan dinh rd quyen han, trach nhiem cua tung co quan viec giai quyet cac van de phat sinh; tri thudng xuyen viec tiep xue true tiep giua cac co quan quan ly Nha nudc vdi cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai - Thudng xuyen soat phan loai cac du an FDI da duoc cap giay phep dau tu Viec thudng xuyen soat hoat dong dau tu nudc ngoai la mot nhung giai 91 can co nhung bien phap de tao thuan loi va thao go kho khan cho cac doanh nghiep co von dau tu nudc ngoai Doi vdi cac du an chua trien khai nhung neu xet thay van cd kha nang thuc hien, can thuc day viec trien khai mot khoang thdi gian nhat dinh va giup giai quyet cac vudng mac, ke ca viec dieu chinh muc tieu va quy md hoat dong du an dau tu Ddi vdi cac du an chua trien khai va xet thay khong cd trien vong thuc hien, co quan cd trach nhiem can kien quyet thu hoi giay phep dau tu - Cai each thu tuc hanh chinh linh vuc FDI Cac Bd, nganh dia phuong quy dinh rd rang, cdng khai cac thu tuc hanh chinh, don gian hoa va giam hot cac thu tuc khong can thiet; kien quyet xu ly nghiem khac cac trudng hop sach nhieu, cua quyen, tieu cue va vo trach nhiem cua can bo cdng quyen Cac cap cac nganh lien quan can soat lai chuc trach cua minh, giam thieu thu tuc hanh chinh, phat huy tinh nang dong cdng tac, de giai quyet nhanh chong viec cap giay phep va cac vudng mac khac cua doanh nghiep cd vdn FDI Hieu qua cua co quan quan ly FDI khong phai chi the hien d viec cai tien thu tuc, day nhanh tien cap giay phep ma quan hon la phai tang cudng kiem tra, giam sat viec thuc hien du an, kip thdi giai quyet cac vudng mac, dieu chinh nhung lech lac, dam bao ke hoach dau tu duoc thuc hien dung tien Muon ddi mdi co che chinh sach dat hieu qua cao, Chinh phu Lao can ban hanh nhung quy dinh cu the ve trach nhiem kinh te, va trach nhiem hinh su ddi vdi cac ca nhan va td chuc cd lien quan den hoat dong FDI Viec trang bi cho can bo quan ly nhung kien thuc va kinh nghiem thuc tien ve chuyen nganh kinh te ddi ngoai va cac van ban phap luat cung can dupe quan tarn hon nua Muon cd dupe nhung can bo cd nang luc quan ly tot nhu vay, cdng tac dao tao phai chu vao cac noi dung: chuyen mon, nghiep vu, ngoai ngu, tin hoc, nhung chinh sach va van ban dupe dua tirng giai doan Muon lam dupe nhu tren, viec lira chon can bo de bd tri cdng tac vao linh vuc thu hut va quan ly FDI can dua vao cac tieu chuan: cd trinh chuyen mon vung, nang dong cdng tac, chuc trach 92 3.2.6 Nang cao chat luong can bo va lao dong cho cac doanh nghiep co von dau tu’ nude ngoai Doi ngu can bo quan ly hoat dong FDI can phai dirge chuan hoa Vi chinh doi ngu can bo se true tiep xu ly, tiep xue vdi cac nha dau tu va la hinh anh song dong ve moi trudng dau tu Nhu vay, phai chu den cong tac dao tao, nang cao pham chat chinh tri, dao due, nang lire va trinh chuyen mon cua doi ngu cong chuc Nha nudc cac cap Ben canh dd, nhung ngudi phai thuc thi sir menh cua minh va trach nhiem dung theo phap luat To chuc dao tao cong nhan lanh nghe lam viec cho cac doanh nghiep co vdn FDI theo cac chuong trinh phu hop nhu cau va trien vong str dung thuc te Khuyen luyen ky thuat, co chinh sach yeu cau cac du an va cong ty co ke hoach dao tao cong nhan va ngudi quan ly, nhat la dau tu trung va dai han Phat trien nguon nhan luc can dugc thuc hien mot each dong bo va cac chinh sach co tinh chat lien nganh nham cung cap cho cac doanh nghiep co vdn FDI, cu the la: + Tiep tuc tang dau tu cho phat trien giao due dao tao tung budc tien kip trinh cua cac nudc khu vuc cung nhu tieu chuan hoi nhap quoc te Ngoai ra, tang dau tu phat trien y te va cong tac bao ve, chain soc sue khoe ngudi lao dong + Dam bao quy md va toe hgp ly ve dao tao bac dai hoc, sau dai hgc, cao dang trd len theo tat ca cac hinh thuc dao tao Chan chinh va dinh hudng lai quy md dao tao theo co cau nganh nghe gan vdi nhu cau thuc te va tuong lai cua phat trien dat nudc noi chung va dap irng dugc nhu cau dau tu nudc ngoai noi rieng + Tang cudng dau tu trang thiet bi thich hgp cho cac trudng day nghe, cong nhan ky thuat de phuc vu cho cac doanh nghiep co vdn FDI ke ca nghe quan ly cho can bo tham gia quan ly d cac doanh nghiep co vdn FDI 3.2.7 Xay dung chien luoc thu hut FDI Do quan niem ve FDI d cac nudc khong hoan toan giong Do xay dung chien luge thu hut FDI cung khac thuoc vao dieu kien thuc tien cua 93 tung nudc, vdi lai the cua minh ve tai nguyen, thien nhien va nguon nhan lire cung vdi he thong ket cau tang kinh te - xa hoi von cd Thu hut FDI cua Lao nham tranh thu nguon von cong nghe va kinh nghiem quan ly de phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Ve kinh te xay dung chien luge phat trien cong nghiep hudng ve xuat khau dugc coi la muc tieu quan nhat Nham trien khai thuc hien Nghi quyet dai hoi Dang Nhan dan each mang Lao lan thu VIII da xac dinh muc tieu tong quat cua chien luong phat trien kinh te xa hoi nam 2006 - 2010 phai la ke hoach mang tinh phat trien dot pha vdi su chuyen bien tich cue ve moi mat Chuyen dich manh ca cau kinh te, ca cau lao dong theo hudng xay dung mot nen kinh te san xuat hang hoa nhieu phan, quy mo ldn, chat luong nang cao ro ret, dua tren tiem nang phong phu cua dat nudc ket hgp vdi hoi nhap qudc te De thu hut co hieu qua FDI, can co chien luge va quy hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Chinh phu Lao phai day manh nghien cuu, xay dung chien luge va quy hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi trirdc mat va lau dai, xac dinh muc tieu cua tung giai doan tung linh vuc, co phuong hudng chinh sach dau tu, chinh sach hoi nhap khu vuc va qudc te, khuyen khich cac nguon von va tranh thu su giup dd cua ben ngoai 3.2.8 Ho tro’ giup do’ sau du’ an duoc cap giay phep va da trien khai Sau du an dugc cap giay phep dau tu, co dir an trien khai cong viec dau tu, co du an phai dgi mot thdi gian, co du an khong thuc hien dau tu Vi vay, tiep tuc theo ddi va ho trg du an sau cap giay phep dau tu co y nghia rat quan ddi vdi hoat dong thu hut dau tu nudc ngoai Sir giup dd cac du an sau da cap giay phep dau tu la mot cong viec quan cua quy trinh thu hut dau tu FDI, nd anh hudng ldn den tarn ly thai cua cac nha dau tu dang co du an d CHDCND Lao Trong nhung nam qua, Lao thieu kinh nghiem cong tac va chua thay dugc vai tro cua cong tac ddi vdi sir cong hay that bai cua cong tac thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai Chinh vi vay, khong chi coi viec tham 94 dinh de cap giay phep dau tu ma sau khong buong long cdng tac quan ly cac du an sau da cap giay phep dau tu De nang cao hieu qua hoat dong cua du an FDI da trien khai, can thuc hien dong bo nhieu giai phap Cac Bo, nganh, cac cap va cac tinh phai tich cue ho tro doanh nghiep thao go kho khan, nhat la khau den bu giai phong mat bang de nhanh chong hoan xay dung co ban, dua doanh nghiep di vao san xuat kinh doanh Ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep da di vao san xuat kinh doanh, cac Bo, nganh va Uy ban dau tu cap tinh, pham vi tham quyen, can cd su dong vien khen thuong cac doanh nghiep FDI dat hieu qua cao de khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep hoat dong tot go kho khan cho cac doanh nghiep dac biet la cac van de lien quan den cac nghia vu thue 3.2.9 Tang cirong hoat dong xuc tien dau tu’ Xuc tien dau tu duoc thuc hien nham khuyen khich dau tu vao Lao tir cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai, khuyen khich cac nha dau tu dang hoat dong tai Lao tang vdn dau tu md rong kinh doanh Cd the noi xuc tien dau tu tac dong true tiep tdi FDI, la cdng cu de chuyen nhung yeu td thuan loi cua mdi trudng dau tu thong qua cac co che htru hieu cua he thong cac khuyen khich tac dong den cac nha dau tu tiem tang d nudc ngoai Dong thdi can phai xuc tien dau tu vi cd qua nhieu co hoi dau tu mdi tren the gidi, str lua chon cua cac nha dau tu la phai tren luong thong tin kip thdi va chinh xac tren co sd so sanh muc sinh loi va rui ro Canh tranh thu hut FDI cung la canh tranh linh vuc xuc tien, van dong dau tu Cung vdi tri on dinh mdi trudng kinh te vi md, can tang cudng van dong xuc tien dau tu nham muc tieu tang cudng thu hut va nang cao hieu qua su dung vdn FDI theo phuong phap nhu sau: + Tang cudng quang ba hinh anh Lao tren cac trang Web, cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung thong qua viec gidi thieu ve dat nudc, ngudi Lao, cac du an dau tu cdng d Lao, cac co hoi dau tu dang don doi va cac chinh sach khuyen khich, ho tro dau tu cua Nha nudc Lao Thuong xuyen gidi thieu cac thong tin cap 95 nhat vd hoat dong FDI tai Lao tdi cac nha dau tu tiem nang + Tap trung xay dung va ban hanh sdm mot chuong trinh xue tien dau tu cap quoc gia va dia phuong trudc mat va dai han de lam co sd cho viec xay dung cac chuong trinh van dong, xue tien dau tu cua cac Bo, nganh, dia phuong + Tidp xue true tiep d c&p Chinh phu vdi cac tap doan xuyen quoc gia cd tidm luc tai chinh, cong nghe de van dong dau tu vao mot so du an diem duoc lua chon Ddng thdi, Chinh phu can cd cac cam ket manh me ve viec tao thuan loi de nha dau tu thuc hien dir an nhanh chong va hieu qua + Tang cudng hop tac song phuong va da phuong ve xue tien dau tu vdi cac td chuc quoc te va doanh nghiep nudc ngoai, tao mdi quan he thudng xuyen vdi cac co quan Dai su quan, cac td chuc, hiep hoi, cac van phong dai dien cua cac td chuc nudc ngoai nham tranh thu sir ho trq cho viec thuc hien cac chuong trinh van dong dau tu true tiep vdi tirng doi tac, linh vuc cu the + Td chuc manh mang ludi xue tien dau tu d mot sd nudc khu vuc yeu Theo kinh nghiem cua Thai Lan va Viet Nam, Lao phai cd co quan xue tien dau tu d cac nudc ngoai cd tiem nang Cac co quan Lao tai nudc ngoai phai phan cong chuc nang rd rang nhu: ten co quan, ngudi true tiep lam viec, phoi hop hien tai de xuat phoi hop, gidi thieu cung cap thong tin ve co hoi dau tu tai Lao + Cai thien nguon nhan lire cho cong tac xue tien dau tu, qua trinh xue tien dau tu muon cong can cd duoc nhung nhan vien nam bat tdt nhtrng nhiem vu lien quan va cd day du nhiet tinh, kinh nghiem cung nhu nhtrng ky nang can thiet Nhu vay, chinh sach nguon nhan luc cua co quan xue tien dau tu can co nhtrng nhan vien co kha nang phu hop, duoc dao tao day du va co kinh nghiem ve dau tu de xu ly cong viec rd rang, nhanh chong dung theo luat phap va chinh sach cua Lao cung nhu quoc te 96 KET LUAN CHDCND Lao la mot nudc ngheo, kinh te cham phat trien thieu von de phuc vu qua trinh phat trien kinh te hang hoa nhieu phan co su quan ly cua Nha nudc Bdi vay thu hut von FDI xu the co tinh quy luat va la dieu kien phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai la mot nguon von quan cho su tang trudng va phat trien kinh te cua cac nudc Nguon von FDI cang quan hon doi vdi cac qudc gia dang phat trien cd Lao Viec thu hut va su dung nguon von FDI nham phuc vu cho muc tieu day nhanh toc tang trudng nen kinh te hien dupe cac nudc tren the gidi rat quan tarn dac biet la cac nudc khu vuc De thuc hien cong su nghiep xay dung va phat trien kinh te dat nudc, Dang va Nha nudc Lao da va dang quan tarn den tat ca cac linh vuc kinh te, dd cd van de thu hut von FDI Tren thuc te qua cac giai doan vua qua FDI vao Lao da gop phan thuc day phat trien kinh te cua Lao, giai quyet dupe nhieu cong an viec lam cho ngudi lao dong Tuy nhien, viec thu hut FDI vao Lao edn boc 16 nhieu han che, kho khan va thach thuc vi vay can dupe khac phuc va hoan thien thdi gian tdi De thuc hien thang lpi muc tieu phat trien kinh te theo hudng CNH-HDH va cd the tan dung dupe nguon von FDI vao qua trinh phat trien kinh te, Lao can tich cue cai thien mdi trudng dau tu tren moi phuong dien Lao cung nen tich cue khong ngirng hoc hoi kinh nghiem thuc tien cua cac qudc gia da thu hut cong nguon von FDI de cd cac van dung hpp ly Nguon von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai la mot nhung nguon von dong vai trd true tiep va chu yeu viec thuc hien cac muc tieu quan Qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te tao nhieu co hoi nhung cung khong it thach thuc viec thu hut FDI , Lao phai biet don nhan va tan dung co hoi de trd diem den ly tudng cua cac nha dau tu tren the gidi 97 De thu hut FDI vao Lao phuc vu cho su phat trien kinh te xa hoi can phai co mot he thong, nhung chinh sach, bien phap thich hop Xuat phat tir thuc te cua viec thu hut von FDI hon 10 nam qua d Lao da gop phan thuc day kinh te Lao phat trien, dap ung nhu cau ve von, nang cao trinh cong nghe cua nen kinh te, tao nhieu viec lam, tang thu nhap cho ngudi lao dong Song hien viec thu hut FDI vao Lao cdn nhieu han che va kho khan thach thuc De vuot qua kho khan thach thuc va han che, nham thu hut cd hieu qua FDI vao Lao va tren co sd nghien cuu kinh nghiem cua Viet Nam da cdng linh vuc nay, luan van da dua cac giai phap nham tang cudng thu hut vdn FDI de cang thu hut vdn FDI vao Lao nhieu hon phuc vu chien luoc phat trien kinh te d the ky mdi, dua dat nudc Lao, nhan dan va cac bo toe Lao cang pha trien, hoi nhap vdi khu vuc va the gidi Co hoi cho viec thu hut FDI vao Lao la rat thuan loi nhung de thuc hien cdng chien luoc thu hut FDI, Lao phai tiep tuc giai quyet nhung van de buc xuc nhu cai thien mdi trudng phap ly, cai tao va xay dung he thong co sd tang, thuc day nhanh viec hoi nhap nham tao mdi trudng thuc str hap dan vdi cac nha dau tu Cd nhu vay Lao mdi thuc hien cdng nhung muc tieu kinh te - xa hoi da de DANH MUC • TAI LIEU • THAM KHAO TAI LIEU TIENG VIET PGS.TS Nguyen Bach Nguyet - TS.Tu Quang Phuong (2007), Giao trinh Kinh te dau tu- NXB DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN, Ha Noi GS.TS.Do Due Binh - PGS.TS.Nguyen Thuong Lang (2008), Giao trinh kinh te quOc te NXB DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN, Ha Noi Do Due Dinh (2003), Kinh te doi ngoai-xu hudngdieu chinh chinh sach d mot so r r \ r nudc chau A boi canh toan cau hoa va tu hoa NXB The gioi, Ha Noi Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu Viet Nam (2008), Mot so van ban phap luat ve dau tu va doanh nghiep NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi Do Due Binh - Nguyen Thuong Lang (Dong chu bien) (2006), Nhung van de kinh te - xa hoi sinh Vong dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai - Kinh nghiem Trung Quoc va thuc tien Viet Nam NXB Ly luan Chinh tri, Ha Noi Quoc hoi nuoc CHXHCN Viet Nam (2005), Luat dau tu Viet Nam NXB Giao thong Van tai Xom Xa At Un Xi Da (2004), Hoan thien cac giai phap tai chinh thu hut von dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai (FDI) tai Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao den nam 2010 Hoc Vien Tai chinh, Ha Noi Nguyen Van Tuan (2005), Dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai vdi phat trien kinh te d Viet Nam NXB Tu phap, Ha Noi TAI LIEU TIENG LA o Bo Cong Thuong Lao (2006), Bai nghien cuu khoa hoc ve dinh hudng va bien phap de md rong thi trudng nudc va thi trudng ngoai nudc cua Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao giai doan 2006 - 2010 va tam nhin tdi nam 2020, Vieng Chan, Lao 10 Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu Lao (2008), Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi nam 2008 - 2009, Vieng Chan, Lao 11 Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu Lao, Cue Khuyen khich Dau tu (2010), So lieu ve FDI nam 1988 - 2010, Vieng Chan, Lao 12 Bo Ke hoach va dau tu Lao (2006), Chien luqrc phat trien kinh te - xa hoi nam lan thir VI (2006-2010), Vieng Chan, Lao 13 Uy ban Ke hoach va Dau tu Lao (2006), Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi qudc gia nam lan thir VI (2006 - 2010), Vieng Chan, Lao 14 Uy ban Ke hoach va Dau tu (2006), 30 nam qua trinh xay dung va thuc hien ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao (1975 - 2005), Vieng Chan, Lao 15 Uy ban Ke hoach va Dau tu Lao, Trung tarn Thong ke Quoc gia (2006), Thong ke 2006, Vieng Chan, Lao 16 Uy ban To chuc Trung uong Dang (2008), Bao cao tong ket danh gid phat trien nguon nhan lire nam 2007 - 2008 va dinh hudng ke hoach nam 2008 - 2009, Vieng Chan, Lao 17 Quoc hoi nuoc CHDCND Lao (1988,1994, 2004), Luat dau tu nude ngoai, Vieng Chan, Lao 18 Ngan hang Trung uong Lao (2009), Bao cao kinh te nam 2009, Vieng Chan, Lao TAI LIEU TIENG ANH 19 UNCTAD (2005), World Investment Report 2005: Transnational comporations and the Internationalization ofR&D, New York and Geneva 20 UNCTAD (2006), World Investment Report 2006: FDI from Developing and Transition Economies Implications for Development, New York and Geneva 21 UNCTAD (2007), World Investment Report 2007: Transnational Corporations, Extracitve Industries and Development, New York and Geneva 22 UNCTAD (2008), Doing Business (2008), Comparing regulation in 178 Economies, the World Bank Corporation, New York and Geneva 23 UNCTAD (2008), World Investment Report 2008: Transnational corporations and the Infrastructure Challenge, New York and Geneva ... thong qua cac khoan cho thue dat, cho thue mat nude, tu cac loai thue doanh thu, thue lgi tuc, thue xuat nhap khau, thue chuyen lgi nhuan 10 nude ngoai Hon nua, hinh thuc dau tu giup cho cac... dugc ban hanh 1978, Luat Thue thu nhap nam 1967, Luat Hai quan nam 1967, Luat thue tieu thu dac biet nam 1967, Luat Thuong mai nam 1972, Luat Thue doanh thu nam 1972, Luat Thue mon bai nam 1976... DTNN Thu tu, De tao nguon thu ngan sach nha nude Nd duoc hinh tu viec thu thue, phi, le phi va cac khoan thu tir hoat dong cua cac phan kinh te, ban tai nguyen, ban hay cho thue tai san thuoc