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HftlPia ly va Tai nguygn Mfii truong Thira Thien Hu£ Hfii Pja ly Vict Nam T i i p can he t h d n g t r o n g lien k i t phan tich ILFU VLPC va canh quan phuc v u SLF dung ho'p ly tai nguyen va bao ve moi tripang Nguyen Thi Kim Chuung', Lai Huy Phuong, P Van Thanh Abstract Thcsyslem approach to integrate analysis of watershed and landscape for reasonable resources use and environmental prnfeetion Basin river (watershed) is the most suitable system of natural lerrilorial for the study of mlegated resources management and environmental protection, especially fitted for the characteristics of Vietnamese nature Integrating watershed analysis and landscape analysis by the system approach methols is a reasonable way lo plan for territory use from general to detail viewpoint, therefore, the proposed results are either suitable 'for the natural conditions, the social - econom-c charaterisiies as well as the criteria for planning LDATVANDE Nghien cuu sir dung h g p l y t i i nguyen v i bao ve mfli irudng theo luu vyc sdng - quan ly long hgp Iuu vyc dang Ii xu the phd bicn cita dja ly itng dyng Phin tich Iuu vyc nhim hudng ldi de xuit quy hoach long the lanh thd quin ly tdng hgp tai nguyen vi bio ve mfli trudng cho sy phil trien ben vBiig Vi nhu, phin cap phong hg diu nguon Iheo luu vyc d£ quin ly lii nguyen rirng dflng thdi cung la quy hoach tdng the sir dung hop ly tai nguyen dit, giCr ngudn nudc va bio ve mfli truoiig sinh thii luu vuc Mdt hudng li£p can khac, nghicn cuu cinh quan itng dung dua tren phan lich, dinh gii cinh quan (dinh gii long hgp dieu kien tu nhien vi lii nguyen thien nhien), xic dinh chirc nang cinh quan cung nham de xuit tfl chuc khdng gian sii dung hgp ly tii nguyen va bio ve mdi Irudng lanh thd, Hudng nghicn cuu niy dugc phil trien manh suot hon nua the ky qua tai hau het cic nudc d Ddng Au, Lien Xfl cu vi ci d Viet Nam Cic cdng trinh nghien cuu canh quan ung dung tien hanh tren pham vi lanh thfl vdi cap dp khic nhau: theo don vi hanh chinh (tir quflc gia, tinh, huyen tdi xa), theo dan vi ty nhien (tir mien, khu, vimg, lieu vimg dja ly ) Theo do, tuong irng vdi bic he thong phan vj dugc danh gii ma muc de xuit cd the tir tflng the den cu the Lgi the cita hudng dinh gii cinh quan la c6 the di tdi nhirng de xuit cu the, vi du: lya chgn ciy trdng, vit nudi; bien phap sti dung cho tirng khoinh dat - don vj dja ly ty nhien dflng nhit nho nhit (dang hoic dicn cinh quan) Tuy nhien, de quy hoach tdng the lanh ihd thi hudng phan tich luu vuc hieu qui ban hudng phan tich canh quan vi luu vuc la he thdng tu nhien mi mdi Iten ket dpng lyc van chuyen vit chat thong qua nang lugng ddng chiy giu'a cic bd phan thugng, trung vi luu chat che hon mdt lanh thd bat ky nao theo don vj hinh chinh hay don vi phin viing tu nhien Bdi vay, quan diem ve su can thiet phai lien kit phin tich luu vuc vdi phin tich canh quan vi phuong phap lien kSt nhu the nao theo hirdng tiep can he thflng li van de dugc dua thao luin bai bao niy QUAN mtU VE SU CAN THIET LIEN KET PHAN TICH LUtJ VTTC V I PHAN TICII CANH QUAN PHUC VU QUY HOACH SU'DyNG LANH THO 2.1 Tinh thong nhat cua he thong lanh thd luu vuc ' Trudng Dgi hgc Su phgm Hd Noi QAO TAO D! A LY; PHLTONG PHAP V A CONG NGHE NGI HEN CUU DJA LY Hfii Dia ly vi Tai nguyen Mfii Iruong Thiia Thicn Hue H^i Pia ly Viii Nam Luu vyc sflng li mdt he thong ty nhien tuong ddi khep kin ddi vdi qui Irinh ddng chiy chu irinh tuan hoan nudc Thflng qua qiia irinh dong chiy, pham vi luu vuc dien ddng Ihdi cic qui irinli dia ly ly nhien khic: qua trinh dja inao ddng lyc, qui trinh hinh thinh vi suy thoii daL qua trinh dinh dudng thuc vit thi hien mfli lien ket giii'a dit dai va nudc Mdi lien ket ihflng nhit giiJa cac ihinh phin, cic qui trinh ly nhien loan bfl he thdng luu vyc diln theo chudi day truyen chuyen din nang lugng va vat chit lim gin kel cic bd phan thugng, trung vi Iuu, va quyet dinh dac trung phan hoi lanh tho ciia luu vuc Dd li can cir de xic dinh yeu ciu quan ly ldng hgp lii nguyen va bao vy moi trudng va la co sd quan nhal de quy hoach iflng the lanh thd tuu vyc sdng, phan bd hgp ly ly Ig che phij, cic loai hinh quin K sir dung dit tren toin kru vyc 2.2.Tinh dong nhit ve mat phat sinh ciia cac don vj canh quan Ciing xiy dyng tren nguyen lac phit sinh, song linh he thflng ve mat phil sinh cita he sliflng phan loai cinh quan dugc the hicn ro ban so vdi he ihflng phin loai dit dai ciia FAO, he thdng phan loai lip dia lam nghiep ciia Due Ciu triic he thflng phin loai cinh quan phin inh lac dgng ciia cac quy luit dia ddi, phi dja ddi va tic nhan ngudi irong sy thinh tao va phin hda cinh quan Mdi dan vj cinh quan ta mfli he thdng vira cd tinh thdng nhit vira cd su phin hda, ddng thdi cd linh khac bict Co the hai dan vj canh quan cung bac cd die trung ngoai mao gidng nhung khic ve nguon goc phit stnh se duoc sir dung vio muc dich khic nhau, bdi chitng co phin hoi tic dgng ciing xu the dien bien canh quan khac Bdi vay, niflt he thflng phin Ioai canh quan diy dii cic cip dugc xay dung tren luin ihuyel khoa hgc diing din vdi cac chi lieu phan cap hgp ly se phin inh mflt cich khich quan, xic thuc vi chi liet su phin hoa cinh quan Ianh thd He ihflng phan Ioai canh quan nhu the li can cir khoa hpc cho viec danh gia cinh quan Ihco cic muc dich su dung vi bicn phip lac dpng cu the nham chi tifit hda quy hoach sir dung hgp ly Ianh ihd Tdm lai, Luu vuc vi phin tich luu vuc Ii hudng tiep can hgp ly nhit cho vice lap quy hoach tflng the, quin ly tdng hgp lii nguyen va bao ve mdi trudng Cinh quan, phin tich canh quan li hudng nghien ciru nham xac lap luan cu khoa hgc diing dan cho viec de xuit quy hoach cu the su dung hgp ly Ianh tho Theo hudng nghien ciiu quy hoach di tCr long the den cu the, de sir dung hgp ly tai nguyen vi bao ve mdi trudng can lien hanh nghien ciru theo luu vuc, de xuat quy hoach tdng the dya tren phan tich luu vuc, ket hgp phan tich canh quan nhim dua cac de xuat quy hoach cu thfl PHU'ONG PHAP TIEP C^N HE THONG TRONG LIEN KET PHAN TICH LUtJ VlTC VA CANH QUAN PHUC VU Slf DUNG HGfP LY TAI NGUYEN VA BAO VE MOI TRlTOT^G 3.L Tiep can he thong phan ti'ch luu vuc Trong luu vuc sdng, qua trinh ddng chay ddng vai trd dgng lyc chi phdi xu the cua cac qua trinh dja ly ty nhien khic dien tren be mat luu vuc: on dinh hoac phi buy be mat dja mac, hinh thinh hay Ihoii hda dat, tang cudng hoic suy giam sinh khdi, Bdi vay, khong che qua irinh ddng chiy, quan ly lii nguyen nudc la ndi dung quan Irgng hang diu quan ly tdng hpp tai nguyen va bio v? mdi trudng luu vyc' ' Quin ly tii nguyen nudc can dugc xet mdi hgp nhit giii'a dat dai, su dung dat dai va nudc, giua cac bd phin khdng gian thugng, trung va Iuu va can bang nuac sir dung da muc dich (cdng nghiep, thiiy dien; ndng nghiep, thiiy lgi tudi ticu, nudi trdng thiiy sin; nhu ciu sinh boat cita dan cu, giao thdng, giii tri,.,)'^ 'Trong mdi lien kdl giua dat dai va nudc, thdng qua sir dyng dat de dieu tiet ddng chiy Su dung hgp ly dat dai gin vdi bio ve ldp phii thuc v|it, cung ddng thdi mang lai he qui dim bio can bang ddng chiy mat Vi vay, quin ly tdng hgp luu vyc sflng, ma nfli dung trgng lam li su dung hgp ly, ben vu'ng ba ngudn tai nguyen chii yeu cd mdi quan he chat che li nuac, dat va thuc vat (rirng), nhung viec quan ly, sir dung hgp ly tai nguyen dit lai gia vai Ird chii ^88 Hdi nghj Khoa hgc Dja ly Todn qudc ldn lhu 6; Thdnh phd Hui 9/201 H$i Pja ly va T i i nguyen Mfii truong Thira Thien Hu^ HQiDja ly Viet Nam d^o, tic ddng vao boat ddng quin ly, bio \c lai nguyen rirng vi cin bang nudc Chinh vi the mi cic cong trinh nghicn ciru quin ly tflng hgp luu vuc sdng da dugc bat dau bang vice ticn hanh phin loai lim vyc (Watershed Classification - WSC) thudng dugc gpi li "phin cin diu ngufln" Muc dich cua phirong phap niy Ji dd phan chia luu vuc cic cap diu ngufln khic dya tren cic dac trung dja hinh vi dat Iim ca sd d6 xuit quy hoach tdng the luu Vuc theo cic loai hinh quin ly su dung dat: lam phan (dat cd rirng, vdi Ioai rirng phong hd, rimg dac dung bao ion vi rirng sin xual); dit sin xuat ndng lam kel hgp; dal sin xuat ndng nghiep (ndng nghiep viing cao va nflng nghiep viing thip) Mhu viy, phin cip diu ngudn Ii mdt cdng cu quy hoach vT mfl nham td chirc khdng gian Ianh thfl phuc vg quan ly su dung tdng hgp tai nguyen dal, lii nguyen rii'ng, lai nguyen nudc vi bio vc mfli irudng liru vyc Thuc chil cua phuong phip phin cip diu ngudn li phin Ioai licin nang sii dung dal vi nguy co xoi mon dit, xic djnh vj tri vi phin cap viing rui ro lien quan den sir dung dat Vi vay, md hinh danh gii ticm nang xdi mdn dit duoc sir dung dc the hicn sy phan hoa nguy ca xoi mdn dit va la ca sd cho vice quy hoach quin ly sir dung dit Mgt sd nid hinh da dugc ip dung : *Md hinh phin cip diu nguon ciia Uy ban sflng Mc Cdng ung dijng d Thai Lan, Lio, Cim pu chia va Viel Narn Day Ii mo hinh hfli quy the hicn tuong quan giira cip diu ngufln vdi cac yeu id ly nhien CO dang'" Y - a + b X| + c X, + dXi + eXj + fXs Trong dd, Y la cip dau ngufln dugc chuyen gia ,\ac djnh Iren thuc dia; a, b, c, d, f Ii cic he sd hoi quy, bien ddi Ihco viing Xi: doc (linh theo %); XT: dang dii (dia the, hinh dang, chia cat dja hinh); X3: cao; Xj: dia chit: X5: dal, * Md hinh ciia A,n Ivanovski va la Kornev (1937) bieu lhi bang phuong trinh : M = A l"''^ L"'' P'-^ dd : dp ddc; L : chicu dai sudn; P : cudng dp mua: A : cic nhin td khac, Ap dyng cong Ihirc tren dc linh xdi mdn Item ning lhi A li he sfl xdt mdn dat *Md hinh mdt ddt phd dung cita W.H Wischineier vd D D Smilh Phuung trinh cd dang A = R K LS CP Trong dd, A : Lugng dit mit (tinh bang lan/arco) R : He sfl xdi mdn ciia mua (thang do xdi mdn lip tren co sd chi sd EI30) K : he sfl tinh xdi indn cua dit L : he sd chieu dii sudn ddc S : he sd ddc C : he sd cay trdng, Idp phu P : he sd bao ve dal cua bien phip canh tic Sir dung md hinh tren, loai bd cac he sfl C, P se udc Iugng dugc tiem nang xdi mon dat, xel tren khia canh ddng luc dd cung la liflm nang nang lugng ddng chiy mat Cich lim niy cung li sy van dyng phuang phip phan tich tiep can he thflng Bing cich lien ket cic yeu td tuang ddi dn djnh (dia hinh: dg ddc, chicu dai suon ddc; mua; dat) tham gia vio qui trinh xdi mdn gia ldc d£ xic dinh viing nguy CO xdi mdn dit can uu lien bio ve, phuc hdi Idp phii thuc vat Cac yeu td C, P phuang trinh la cac y§u to nhay cam vi de bien ddi Hien trang rirng, che phii, bien phip canh tic dat se dugc xet dSn de xuat su dung dat DAO TAO DIA LY PHUONG PHAP VA CONG NGiie NGHIEN CUU DIA LY H9i Dja ly Viyl Ng^ HQi Pja ly va Tai nguyen Moi truong Thiia Thicn Hufi CAC BU'6C TIEP CAN HE TH(3NG TRONG PHAN TICI I LUtJ Vl/C Buac Mo hinh so Do doc Chicu dai sudn Mo hinh so Nang lugng Dia hinh Budc Mo hinh so Mua Dat (khang xoi) Dien tich khong che an ninh LThuc an toin MTruong (QHcipQgia-ViJng) M6h nh so Tiem nang Xdi mon Gia toe V BUOC Phan cap diu nguon BD Loai hinh quan ly sir dung dat ^ Ban Den vi Ianh tho eg sd-(dong nhal ve dicu kicn TN) Budc Thdnh ldp BD "Md hinh so Ndng lugng Dja hinh" casdde linh Hem niing xdi mon gia tdc i gia phdn lich dubao lai bien nhu sul Id ddt, IH quel Budc 2: Thdnh lap BD "Md hinh sd Tiim ndng Xoi mdn Gia tdc" ca sd de phdn cdp ddu nguon, xdc d cdc loai hinh qudn 11 su dung ddt Bicdc - Thdnh lap BD "ioai hinh qudn ly sir dung ddt" ca sd de xdc dinh chuc ndng cdnh quan nh chirc khdng gian Idnh thd phuc vu qudn ly sir dung long hop ldi nguyen luu vuc (VD nhu: idm phdn (Phd dgc dling sdn xudt) Ndng Idm kit hop, Ndng nghiep (Vimg cao, vimg thdp), Ddt khdc.) 3.2 Tiep can he thong phan tich canh quan Ngiy nay, thuat ngu canh quan sinh thai dugc phd bien han, thay cho thuat ngii canh quan de nhan manh vai trd ciia gidi hiru sinh va lac ddng ciia ngudi sy thinh t^o cinh quan hien tai Theo dd, he thdng phin loai cinh quan, khdng chi cac he sinh thii ty nhien mi ci he sinh thii nhan tac dugc xem Ii dau bieu phan loai canh quan Xet ve cau triic vi cic tieu chi phan bac he thdng phan loai cua cac lac gia (A.G Ixatsenko, V.A Nhikolaev, Phdng Dja ly ty nhien long hgp thudc Vien Khoa hoc Vi?t Nam, nhom tac gia Pham Hoang Hai, Nguyen Thugng Hiing, Nguyin Nggc Khanh, ) cd di6m thdng nhat chung la cac cinh quan thudc bac phan vi cao dugc xac djnh theo he tieu chi: nen tang ran (dja hinh, dja chat) va nen nhiel am, tao thinh day Vi the khdng nen sip xep cac b^c phan vj cua hai day vio nip' Hqi nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Todn qudc ldn lhu 6, Thdnh phd Hue 9/ '^' H$i Dia ly va Tai nguyen Moi trirfi-ng Thua ThiEn Hug Hoi Pja ty Vict Nam chuoi vi thuc te khdng phil khu vyc lanh thd nao cung co sy phu ihuflc tren dudi giiia cac bac cinh quan khdng cimg day Chi cinh quan d cap phin vj bac thap (loai cinh qt-an trd xudng) mdi cd sy hgp nhat theo cic tieu chi nhu loai dat, he sinh thai, diy tang dat, thinh phin co gidi la sin pham tao ciia sy tirang tic giO'a hai tic nhan dja ddi vi phi dja ddi bao gom ca lic nhin ngudi Quan niem tren ve he thflng phan bic va chi tieu phan loai cinh quan dugc Ihl hien bing ma trin chli giai bin dd cinh quan CAC BU'6C TIEP CAN HE THONG TRONG PHAN TICH CANH QUAN ' Ie thong phan loai "Nen tang Ran" He thong phan loai "Ncn tang Nhiet Am" (Sinh hau) Ldp Canh quan He canh quan f Phu Idp Canh quan Hang Canh quan Buoc Phy h9 canh quan t Nhdm LoSl C@nh Quan ST Loai Dal (da me,d6c,day) L Budc Kicu canh quan (Kieu Sinh T Loai Canh Quan ST t 11 V v Datng vad^c linh dit Dang Canh Quan ST ^J Budc Thdnh lap BD 'Nhdm Loat Cdnh Quan ST" ca sd de xdc dinh cdc logi hinh qudn ly sir dung ddt (xdc dinh chuc ndng cdnh quan) Budc 2: Thdnh Idp BD "Logi Cdnh Quan ST" ca sd de ddnh gid thich nght smh thai cdnh quan theo yen cdu sir dung vd de xudl biin phdp sir dung Budc - Thdnh lap BD "Dgng Cdnh Quan ST" ca sd de ddnh gta thich nghi sinh that cdnh quan Iheo ye cdu sir dung chi tiet vi du: lua chon cdy Irdng, vgt nuoi; bien phdp sir dung cho lirng khoanh ddt Cic cinh quan d bic phan vj thap la ddi tugng de dinh gia cho nhirng muc dich sir dung, bien phip tie dgng cu the, nhu loai canh quan dugc danh gii cho loai hinh hoac kieu sir dung dat, cdn dang canh quan dugc danh gia muc thich nghi cho cay trdng, vat nudi hoic bien phip canh tic sir dung dat Trong dinh gia canh quan de dfl xuit su dung, cung can phan tich tiep can cinh quan theo hai budc: budc 1: dinh gia thich nghi sinh thii cinh quan theo yeu ciu su dung, tuc li dfli chieu cac tieu chi yeu ciu sinh thai ciia chii the (vi nhu, die diem sinh thai loai cay) vdi dac diem tu nhien ciia cinh (juan; budc 2: de xuat sir dung Can cu vao su phu hgp hoac khdng phii hgp giua kct qui dinh gii vdi hien trang su dung de dl xuit tilp tuc hoac thay dfli huong su dung cinh quan dd DAO TAO DIA LY; PHUONG PHAP VA CONG NGHE NGHIEN CLOJ DIA LY Hgi Dja ly va Tai nguyen Moi truong Thua Thicn Hu£ Hyi Dialy VietNam ^ 3.3 Tidp can he thong licn ket phan tich luu vue va canh quan phuc vu quy hoach sir dung hgp ly lanh thd Ti£p can he thflng li phuong phap phin tich he Ihdng, thuc hien dan tirng budc qua trinh nh^n Ihirc dk bilu dal ban chit he ihflng Van dyng liap can h? thdng nghien cuu mdt he thong ty nhien - kinh le - xa hdi, dya tren phin tich he thdng cd the tilp can dan lirng budc nhan thirc ve dien bicn cua mdt qiia trinh ty nhicn, vc sy lien kct giiia cac qua irinh ty nhicn, sy lien ket giua h? tu nhien vi he kinh ll - xi hdi Qui trinh nhin Ihirc he thdng di lir don giin den phirc tap, tiJ khii cjual din eg the, lir loan bo din tirng bd phan ciia he thdng hudng ldi sy hicu biet siu sic, ban chat he thflng Van dung quan diem he thong vdi phuong phap liep can he thong Irong quy hoach lanh thfl dugc hiiu li viec liln hinh quy hoach dugc thuc hicn lir tren xuflng vi tir dudi Icn Vi nhu, bmc phan lich luu vuc, viec phin bfl quy hoach dien lich cic loai hinh quin ly sir dung dit (xic djnh chic nang cinh quan) cho mflt luu vuc chju su khdng che ciia quy hoach long the lanh tho ldn hon (c^p Vling hoac linh), ddng thdi phii li su hgp nhit quy hoach ciia cic phu luu, Thira kc ket qiia niy, budc phan lich canh quan, vipc danh gii thich nghi sinh thai canli quan ihco yeu cau sir dung se dugc Ihyc hicn phani vi chii'c nang cinh quan cu the da dugc ,xac dinh d budc phan lich luu vuc Cic budc CLia qui trinh licp can he thflng lien ket phan tich 'uu vyc vi cinh quan phuc vu quy hoach sir dung linh thfl duoc the hien so dfl sau CAC BU'dCTl£P CAN HE THONG TRONG LIEN KET PHAN TICH LUU VUC & CANH QUAN PJHIC \l) QUY HOACH SU' DUNG HQP LY LANH T H PhSn tich LIFU V ^ C Phan tich Cdnh quan Xac dmh chtrc n^ngcanh quan, to Lhuc khong gian I3nh iho phuc v\i quan ly su dyng long hop TN luu Ban Nhom lo^i Canh Quan ST Danh giS ihich nghi smh thai canh quan Ihco yfu can cAc kicu sir dung d^l v^ d£ xual bi^n phap su dyng Bir6c3 Danh giS ihlch nghi sinh ihSi canh quan theo yau c^u su dyng chi n i l vi dy, Va chpn cay irong, vai nuoi; bi?n phip sit dung clio lung khoanh dai Hgi nghj Khoa hoc Dta ly Todn qudc ldn lhu 6, Thdnh phd Hui, 9/201 fl^iDja l>^a Tii nguyen Mfii trutrng Thii'a Thien Hui H91 Dia ly Vict Nam Budc I: Bu&c ndy ki thira kel qiia ciia phdn lich hru vuc de xdc dinh chirc nang cdnh quan vd Id c hhong ^lun Idnh thd phuc vu qudn ly sir dung tdng hap TN luu vuc (VD nhu idm phdn (Phong hg, ddc du fan xudt), Ndng ldm kit hap, Nong nghiep (Vimg cao, vimg thdp) Ddt khdc ) Budc Ddnh gid thich nghi sinh thai cdnh quan Iheo yeu cdu cdc kieu su- dung ddt vd di xudl bien p si dung Muc cu thi thudc viec Ihdnh lap Bdn dd Loai Cdnh Quan ST Budc • Ddnh gid thi'ch ngiu smh thdi cdnh quan theo yeu cdu su dung chi nil vi du: lua chon cdy tr val nudi bien phdp sir dung cho lirng khodnh ddt Mii-c chi tiii luy thugc viec Ihdnh Idp Bdn dd Dang Quan ST KET LUAN Luv virc sdng Id he thdng lanh tho tu nhien hap ly nhdt cho nghien cuv quy hoach qudn ly ldng hi^ ldi nguyen vd bdo ve mdt Irudng ddc biet phu hap vdi ddc diem tir nhien nudc la Kit hap phdn lich hru yifc vdi phdn tich cdnh quan theo phiivjig phdp Hep can he thdng Id cdch lain quy hogch dl tulong the den cu the, vdy cdc kel qua de xudt vira phii hap vdi dieu kien tu nhien luu vuc, vira ddp mg cdc dgc diem kinh le xd hdi vd cdc lieu chi quy hogch chung Lcn cm ON Bai bao dugc hinh vdi sy trg giiip vl thiet bj ciia Dy in Giio due Dai hgc 11 - TRIG, TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Banthuky Uy hpi ^ongMc Cong {\991), Phdn cdp ddu ngudn sdng Me Cdng - Huang ddn lap vd sudung bdn phdn cdp ddu ngudn, Trung tim Mdi trudng & Phit trien truong Dai hgc Berne, Thiiy sT, Bang cdc, Nguyen Thj Kim Chuong (2010), Ve phuang phdp phdn tich luu vwc song phuc vu quy hogch sudung ddf Tap chi Khoa hgc Khoa hgc tu nhien, Volume 55.No 3, 2010 (tr 143 -154) Dai hgc Su ph^m HiNgi; Ky ylu HN Dia ly toan qudc 2010 FAO (1995), Land and water integration and river basin management Rome 4 FAO (1997), The integrated -watershed approach for developmeni project formulation Talel Eren FAO, Thailand Guidelines for watershed management Rome Pham Hoang Hii, Nguyen Thugng Himg, Nguyen Nggc Khinh (1997), Ca sd cdnh quan hgc cua viec sit dung h^p ly tdi nguyen vd bdo ve moi Irudng lanh thd Viet Nam, Nha xuat bin Giao due Do Van Thanh (2011), Ddnh gid long hop moi trudng sinh ihdi phuc vu quy hogch sir d\tng ddt theo hu&ng phdt irien ben vuvg linh Bdc Giang, Luin in lien si Dja ly Ha Npi DAO TAO DjA LY, PHUONG PHAP VA CONG NGHg NGHIEN CUXJ D|A LY ... hau) Ldp Canh quan He canh quan f Phu Idp Canh quan Hang Canh quan Buoc Phy h9 canh quan t Nhdm LoSl C@nh Quan ST Loai Dal (da me,d6c,day) L Budc Kicu canh quan (Kieu Sinh T Loai Canh Quan ST t 11... nhin ngudi Quan niem tren ve he thflng phan bic va chi tieu phan loai cinh quan dugc Ihl hien bing ma trin chli giai bin dd cinh quan CAC BU''6C TIEP CAN HE THONG TRONG PHAN TICH CANH QUAN '' Ie... Phan tich Cdnh quan Xac dmh chtrc n^ngcanh quan, to Lhuc khong gian I3nh iho phuc v\i quan ly su dyng long hop TN luu Ban Nhom lo^i Canh Quan ST Danh giS ihich nghi smh thai canh quan Ihco yfu
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