Kết quả nghiên cứu, ứng dụng cơ giới hoá sản xuất mía

KET QUA NGHIEN CU'U, U'NG DUNG CO GIOI HOA SAN XUAT MIA TS Od HOu Khi, TS Dau Thd Nhu, TS Nguydn Sy Hidt, ThS VCi Duy Dung, ThS Ld Nguydn Dgt, KS Nguydn Xuan Man, KS Vu Hoang Thanh, ThS Cao Dang Dang, ThS Ta Hanh Vf en Co dien Ndng nghiep va Cdng ngh$ Sau thu ho^ch I MC^DAU Viet Nam cd dieu kien tu nhien thudn Igi, dat canh lac phu hgp vdi mdt sd loai cdy trdng can, ndng dan cd be day kinh nghiem ve sdn xuat va che bien mia dudng Hien nay, viec ddu tu xdy dyng mdt sd nha may che bien mia dudmg dugc Nhd nude eung cdc dja phuang quan tam va phat trien dan tdi viec hinh thdnh cdc viing trdng mia nguyen lieu tap trung cd dien tieh rat Idn Cdc vftng cd dien tich tuomg ddi tap trung, phu hgp ftng dung ede tidn bd khoa hpc ky thuat, dde biet Id van de ea gidi hda sdn xuat mia ndi chung, ca gidi hda khau chdm sde vd thu hoach ndi rieng Thyc hien qua trinh co gidi hda la bien phap hftu hieu de nang cao ndng sudt lao ddng, giam cudng dp lao ddng, giam tdn that vd gid thdnh sdn xuat mia Tuy vay, vin dl co gidi hda trdng mia (tft ldm dat trdng mia, cham sde den thu hoach) cdn ylu vd chua ddng bd, chi cd mdt sd vung trdng mia lap trung dugc ca gidi hda khdu lam ddt, edn cac khau gieo trdng, chdm sde va thu hoach chu yeu van bang lao ddng thii cdng vdi cae cdng cy thd so, dd ndng suit lao ddng rat thap, cudng dp lao ddng eao, tdn thit ldn Vi vay van de san xuat ddt Id viec co gidi hda qua trinh san xult cay mia ngdy edng bftc thiet, ddc biet Id co gidi hda cham sde vd thu hoach mia Id nhimg khau vd cung nang nhpc, ndng suat lao ddng thap Trong thdi gian qua Vien Ca dien NN & Cdng nghe Sau thu hoach da va dang lien hdnh nghien cftu, chl tao thft nghiem mdt sd thilt bj phye vy khau ca gidi chdm sde va thu hoach mia ftng dyng dilu kien sdn xult II PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CU'U - Phuang phap thilt kl may ndng nghiep: su dung phin mim thilt kl ky thudt tren mdy vi tinh - Phuang phdp khao nghiem may ndng nghiep tren ddng - Phuang phap xdc dinh hieu qua kinh tl cfta cdng cu may mdc ea dien ndng nghidp, III K^T QUA NGHIEN CU'U VA T H A O LUAN 3.1 Kit qua nghien ciPu khau cc gio-i hoa cham soc mia Mdt nhimg vdn dl khd bftc xftc hien Id chdm sde gifta hdng mia cay mia da len eao Cdc thiet bj chdm sde mia nhu ldm cd, bdn phan vd vun hang cay mia lip theo may keo ldn nhu MTZ/50-80, MTZ-892 chi cd thl ftng dyng eho cay mia cdn be Khi mia dd ldng, cdc hen hgp ndy khdng ftng dung dugc nua, yeu d u chdm sde giai doan rit ldn, dac biet Id khau vun ludng cho mia khdng bi dd rit ndng nhpc 58 Nam 2007-2009, Vien Ca dien NN & Cdng nghe Sau thu hoach dd: "Nghien cuu thiit ki, chi tgo mdy x&i vd vun hdng cdy mia " Gdm cd: - Phan ddng luc: mdy keo bdnh hai cdu chu ddng - Phin may vd thiet bj canh tac: thilt bj bat gde, may phay, mdy bdn phdn vd thilt bj vun ludng - Ddc diem ehinh cua timg thilt bj he thdng * Mdy dpng luc: May keo bdnh hai d u chu ddng (hinh I) Hinh May keo bdn banh cdu chu ddng Cdng suat dpng CO diezen: Be rpng cua mSy thay a6i dupc tO: V | n t6c cua mdy: So tien/So lui: Lyc keo cyc dgi tren n4n be tdng: Ban kinh quay vong nho nhat: - ma lire 780 - 950 mm 0,5 - 1,5 m/s 6/2 s6 5,5 kN 2500 mm * Mdy vd thiit bi canh tde Hinh dnh cdc thiet bi canh tde dugc the hien d cdc hinh den Thiet bi bgt goc (hinh 2): -Ndng suit: 0,2-0,3 ha/h - Sd vdng quay dia dao: > 600 v/p - Ddng lyc: Md to thuy lyc - Pham vi ftng dyng: Dftng dk bat lai gde mia tren nhung rudng mia thu hoach bdng thu cdng chieu cao gde chua ddm bdo cho mia luu gde Mdy phay ldm cd (hinh 2.3): - Ndng suit: 0,2 - 0,3 ha/h - Bl rdng ldm viec: 600 - 800 mm - Dp sdu phay: 50 - 70 mm - Sd vdng quay trdng phay: > 200 v/p 59 - Pham vi ftng dyng: Dung dl xdi diet cd phd vdng lam tai dlt sau mia da mpe cay cung nhu mia ldng 60 Hinh Thidt bj bgt gde Hinh May phay co Mdy bon phdn (hinh 4): 0,2 - 0,3 ha/h - Ndng suit: - Pham vi ftng dyng: Dftng dl bdn phdn cho mia thdi ky chdm bdn kit hgp ddng thdi ba cdng doan tren mdt may la: rach, bd phan va lap dat Thiit bi vun ludng (hinh 5): -Nang suit: 0,2-0,3 ha/h - Pham vi ftng dyng: Dung dl vun gde cho mia dd ldng (cay mia eao tren Im) vun lln cudi de chdng dd " y$ Hinh May bon phan Hlnh Thidt b| vun ludng Ket qud khdo nghiem vd hieu qua mang lai He thdng mdy ca gidi hda chdm sde mia dugc dp dyng khao nghiem tai vftng mia nguyen li?u cfta nhd may dudng Lam Son vdi mia trdng theo ky thuat tham canh mdi cho thiy mdt so ket qud nhu sau: - Ket cdu may phft hgp vdi dilu kien canh tde vd yeu d u ndng hpc ddi vdi cay mia - Gidm cudng dp cho ngudi lao ddng, gidm chi phi cho khau chdm sde mia so vdi bien phap thu cdng mia d dp tudi ldng - Gidi quyet tot khau thdi vy chdm sde cho edy mia Hieu qud mang lai: Tinh chung tit cd cdc chi phi cho khau chdm sde mia tren mpt hecta ldm bdng thft cdng hit khoang 3,5 trieu ddng So bd tinh toan thi tdng chi phi khau chdm soc cho mdt hecta lam bing may hit khoang 1,5 trieu dong 60 3.2 K§t qua nghien CCPU V§ c a gio*! hoa khau thu hoach -Mdy chgt mia rdi hdng CMRH-0.1 Nam 2006-2008, Vien Ca di?n Ndng nghiep vd Cdng nghe STH thuc hien dl tdi trpng dilm d p Bd, da nghien ciru thilt kl chl tao dugc mdy chat mia rdi hdng CMRH-0.1 phdi ldp vdi may keo hai bdnh (hinh 6) '*' Cdc kit qud dgt duac: - Mdy CMRH-0.1: Mdy hoat ddng dugc tren dja bdn ed dp ddc nhd hom 10°, thu hoach duge mia do, ndng suit thuIn d^t 0,13 ha/h, ty le chat dat tieu chuin 83%, chat sat gde khdng sdt vd khdng ldm dap cay, rdi cay deu vudng gde vdi chiiu tiln cfta mdy - Sft dyng may CMRH-0.1 so vdi thu hoach hodn todn bdng thft cdng ed thl: gidm dugc 25- 30%) cdng lao ddng, 10%) ehi phi Ngodi sft dyng mdy CMRH-0.1 cd thl tan thu dugc 5-i-7% khdi lugng mia vd gidm duge 200.000d-^300.0obd/ha chi phi bat lai goc (do chat dugc sdt gde) so vdi phuomg phdp thu hoach bdng thft cdng hien - May CMRH-0.1 cd the thu hoach mia nguyen lieu (ddt Id hoae edn nguyen Id) vd mia gidng Bang Dac tinh ky thuat cua may CMRH-0.1 TT Bp phan-Thdng sd Den vj Dac diem ky thugt - CMRH-0.1 Ma hipu may Kich thu-dc (DxRxC) mm 3730x2260x1970 Khdi lu-png kg 1140 Logi may keo phdi lap - May keo nho banh BS-12 S6 hdng mia chgt Hang 01 Ndng suit Ha/h &0.10 10 Ty Id vit ch|t ngpt % >80 -Co the chgt sau vao long dlt 20-30mm * Nhitng nhuffc diim vd hgn chi cua mdy - May chat mia rdi hdng CMRH-0.1 phdi lip vdi mdy keo tay Bdng sen-12HP nen di chuyin dja bdn cdn chdm, khdng co ddng, ngudi ldi khd dieu khiin tren dudmg mlp md, khdng bang phdng - Chit lugng chl tao mdy CMRH-0.1 chua cao, dp ben mdt sd chi tiet eua mdy cdn thip - Mau may ehi cd thl hoat ddng tdt tren vung dat cd nen khd khdng Idy thyt ^»«iaiiiWt# ^-^ Hinh Mdy ch$t mia rai hdng CMRH-0.1 thu hogch mia nguyen lipu nguyen la 61 - Mdy chat mia rdi hdng CMRH-0.15 D I khdc phye nhiimg nhugc dilm tdn tai cua may CMRH-0.1, nam 2008-2009 Vien ca dien Ndng nghiep vd Cdng nghe STH dd nghien cftu thilt ke che tao mdy chat mia rdi hdng CMRH-0.15 phdi lip vdi may keo bdnh 35HP (hinh 7) May chat mia rai hang CMRH-0.15 dd dugc thft nghiem dieu kien sdn xult d Ndng trudng Sao vang - Thanh Hda Sang Dac tinh ky thuat cua may CMRH-0.15 Thong sd Danh muc TT CRHM-0,15 Ma hieu Kich thu-oc (DxRxC) (mm) Trpng lu'png (gom may keo 35Hp) Nang suat thudn (ha/h) Bd rpng lam viec (mm) Tong hao hut (%) Kieu thu hoach Chat cay, rai sang ben Dp ddc lam vide