Phát triển điện hạt nhân ở đông nam á có thể tăng cường an ninh con người

Nghien cdu Quoc teso'S (82), 9/2010: 59-70 PHAT TRIEN DIEN HAT NHAN d DONG NAM A - CO THE TANG ClTCJNG AN NINH CON NGlTOI? ' " ' ' • '' Nguyen Ph H Tdn Huang* Dy thao Ban ghi nhd ve Phat trien Nang lupng hat nhan vi myc dich hda binh quy dinh: "Cac ben tham gia Hiep udc chdng phd bien vii hat nhan (NPT) cd quyen sir dyng nang lugng hat nhan vi muc dich hda binh, ddng thdi, cd nghia vy hpp tac ve ky thuat hat nhan dan dung"' Trong bdi canh toan cau hda va hau het cac qudc gia deu uu tien phat trien kinh te hien nay, nhu cau ve nang lugng cang tang Trong dd, gia dau tren the gidi, thdi gian gan day, lien tiep lap nhirng ky luc mdi Ngoai ra, the gidi dang phai ddi mat vdi tinh trang mdt khan hiem nhirng ngudn nguyen nhien lieu khdng the tai tao dugc va ap lyc giam hieu iing nha kinh Vi the, nhieu qudc gia dang can nhae ke hoach phat trien nang lupng dien hat nhan, ngudn nang lugng dugc danh gia la sach hon va ed the phuc vy tdt ban cho muc tieu phat trien ben virng nhung ciing tiem an khdng it rui ro nhu rd ri chat phdng xa, anh hudng den mdi trudng va siic khde ngudi Trong pham vi bai viet nay, tac gia se de cap den ke hoach phat trien dien hat nhan cua cac qudc gia Ddng Nam A va se xem xet trudng hpp cy the ciia Viet Nam Den nay, Viet Nam da chuan bi van ban phap ' Thac sT, Giang vien Khoa Chinh trj Quoc te va Ngoai giao, Hgc vien Ngoai giao ' Die thdo Bdn ghi n/ia ve Phdt trien Ndng luang hgt nhdn vi muc dich hoa binh Hoi thao ciia Hoi d6ng Hgp tac An ninh khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duong, 4/7/2010, tai Xinh-ga-po, tn v i_ni;r- i 4.,., • - 912010 • V .'i^OIA^ ' lv>\ V.'iv Cdc vdn de Quoc te ly, CO sd vat chit, dao tao ngudn lao ddng, vdn dau tu va ky thuat nhu the nao dl xay dyng nha may dien hat nhan dau tien nam 2014 tai tinh Ninh Thuan? Hiep dinh vl xay dyng khu vyc Ddng Nam A khdng cd vu hat nhan cdn hieu lyc hay khdng nhiiu qudc gia khu vyc dang len kl hoach phat trien chuang trinh dien hat nhan, dac biet la nhung cao budc Mi-an-ma dang theo dudi chuong trinh vu hat nhan? Cudi ciing, ngudi vilt se cd gang tim ldi giai dap cho cau hdi "Viec phat trien dien hat nhan d khu vyc Ddng Nam A cd the tang cudng dugc an ninh ngudi khdng?" - , : ^ • ;,;; /j^p Ke hoach phat trien nang luong hat nhan vi muC dich hoa binh cua da so cac quoc gia Dong Nam A Mac dil cho den nay, chua qudc gia nao d khu vyc Ddng Nam A da hoac dang van hanh mdt nha may dien hat nhan nhung cac thuat ngii nhu "nang lugng nguyen tir" va "chdng phd bien vii hat nhan" da trd nen rat quen thude Trong sd 10 nudc ASEAN thi cd den qudc gia, chi trir Bru-nay va Lao, dy dinh phat trien chuong trinh dien hat nhan Nhiing sire ep tir viec gia tang dan sd, nen kinh te khu vyc phat trien nhanh, gia dau md tren the gidi khdng ngimg tang cao cac ngudn nang lugng khdng the tai tao lai giam da khien nhu cau ve nang lupng ciia khu vyc cang tang Theo udc tinh cua Hiep hdi Nang lugng Qudc te (lEA), tir nam 2007 den 2030, nhu cau ve dien ciia cac nudc ASEAN tang 76%, vdi ti le tang trung binh hang nam la 3,3%.^ Den nam 2030, Viet Nam dy kien xay nha may dien hat nhan, co the san xuat khoang 15.000-16.000 MW dien In-dd-ne-xi-a, din nam 2025, len ke hoach xay bdn nha may dien hat nhan, san xuit khoang " Ernest Z Browser, Ke /logch phdt trien ndng luang hgt nhdn ciia cdc nuac ASEAN, http://csis.org/publication/asean-going-nuclear-power 07/7/2010, trang 60 9/2010 Nghien cdu Quo'c teso'S (82) 6.000 MW Den nam 2022, Thai Lan dy dinh xay hai nha may dien hat nhan, san xuat 2.000 MW.^ Xinh-ga-po mac dii dien tich lanh thd nhd be va hien dang san xuat dien chu yeu tir cac ngudn hilm nhung ciing cd ke hoach phat trien dien hat nhan Cac qudc gia Ddng Nam A khac nhu Phi-lip-pin va Ma-lai-xi-a ciing ed cac chuang trinh tuong ty Do chua cd kinh nghiem ciing nhu thieu cac trang thiet bi ky thuat de xay dyng, van hanh va quan ly nha may dien hat nhan nen cac nudc ASEAN phai tim sy hpp tac vdi cac ddi tac ben ngoai nhu cac cudng qudc hat nhan My, Nga, va cae td chiic qudc te de dugc hd trg ve ky thuat va dao tao ngudn nhan luc Tai Hdi nghi Bd trudng Nang lupng ASEAN lan thii 28 vdi chii de "Nang lupng va thay ddi hau" dien tai Da Lat thang 7/2010, cac Bd trudng da cam ket thiic day hpp tac tren ITnh vyc nang lugng theo hudng hdi nhap khu vyc va hudng tdi viec xay dyng Cdng ddng ASEAN Cac Bd trudng da nhat tri Tuyen bd chung 23/7/2010, khang dinh nhiing nd lyc hpp tac nham giai quyet van de an ninh nang lupng, mdt nhirng chii de trpng tam tren cac dien dan qudc te hien nay, phuc vu cho nhu cau phat trien ben viing cua khu vyc Theo dd, Ke hoach hanh dpng ASEAN thiic diy hpp tac nang lugng (APAEC) nam 2010-2015'' cung dugc thdng qua Thay mat nudc chii nha, Thii tudng Nguyen Tan Dung keu ggi tang cudng hgp tac vdi cac ddi tac, phan tu nhan va cdng ddng qudc te nham phat trien nhiing nen kinh te "xanh" hon vdi ham lugng cac-bon thap, sir diing nang lugng hieu qua hon dac biet la cac ngudn nang lupng cd the tai tao dugc ' Xem chu thich 2, trang •* Tuyen ho chung cua Hoi nghi Bo truang Ndng luang ASEAN (AMEt\4) lan thic 28, to chirc tai Da Lat, Viet Nam, 23/7/2010, xem tai dja chi http://www.aseansec.org/ 24940.htm 912010 61 r„?S\ %hz Cdc van de Quoc te Tuy nhien, viec phat trien nhanh chdng ngudn nang lupng dien hat nhan tren the gidi hien ndi chung va d khu vyc Ddng Nam A ndi rieng ciing gay nhiing mdi lo ngai ve an ninh toan cau Viec gia tang sir dung dien hat nhan ciing ddng nghTa vdi viec tang cac nguy ca bien vii buy diet hang loat, bdi ma nhieu qudc gia cd the tiep can dugc vdi cdng nghe hat nhan, thi kha nang tham gia vao qua trinh lam giau u-ra-ni-um Id phan iing nudc nhe, tai che chat thai hat nhan la rat Idn Trong "ky nguyen thii hai cua nang lupng hat nhan"^ vdi nhiing canh bao ve vii hat nhan, mdi lo ngai ve kha nang phat trien vii hat nhan cua cac qudc gia nhu CHDCND Trieu Tien, I-ran va quan khiing bd cang tang Dieu de dpa tryc tiep den an ninh the gidi, dac biet la an ninh qudc gia cua My Hiep djnh ve xay dung khu vuc Dong Nam A khong co vu hat nhan hieu luc? Hiep dinh ve xay dyng khu vyc Ddng Nam A khdng cd vii hat nhan (SEANWFZ), ky kit 15/12/1995 tai Bang-coc khing dinh cac qudc gia vien khdng dugc phep "phat triin, san xuit hoac cd cac hanh ddng tang trii, sd hiiu hoac quan ly vu hat nhan".^ Dilu cua Hiep dinh quy dinh rd cac qudc gia vien nlu mudn phat triin nang lupng hat nhan vi myc dich hda binh thi phai nghiem ngat tuan theo nhung hudng dan va tieu chuan ve an toan hat nhan cua Ca quan Nang lugng nguyen tir qudc te (IAEA) ^ Francis J Garvin, "Lieu thdi dai hien c6 gi6ng truoc khong: canh bao nguy ca hat nhan, ph6 bi^n vu huy diet hang loat va Chien tranh lanh" An ninh todn cdu, S6 34, quyen 3, miia dong 2009/10, trang ''P'lku 2, Khoan "Nhirng quy djnh co ban", Hiep djnh vi xdy dung khu vuc Dong Nam A khong CO vii hgt nhdn, Bang-coc, Thai Lan, 15/12/1995, xem tai dja chi http://www.aseansec.org/2082.htm 62 912010 Nghien cdu Quoc teso'S (82) Sau Chiln tranh lanh ket thiic va dac biet vin dl Cam-puchia dugc giai quyet cudi nam 1991, sy doi diu giira hai khoi TBCN va XHCN khu vyc Ddng Nam A khdng cdn nira Tir Cam-pu-chia gia nhap ASEAN nam 1999, ca mudi nudc vien ASEAN khdng ngirng nd lyc nham "duy tri hda binh, an ninh va dn dinh, ddng thdi, thiic day ban nira cac gia tri ciia hda binh khu vyc".^ Qua nliiing bai hgc lich sir, mudi nudc ASEAN diu muon xay dyng mdt mdi trudng hda binh, khdng cdn sy nghi ky va ddi diu, dl cd thi tap trung xay dyng kinh te va ciing cd ndi bd mdi nudc Thdi gian gan day, Mi-an-ma, dudi sy lanh dao ciia chinh quyln quan sy, bj cao budc phat trien vii hat nhan vdi sy giiip dd ciia CHDCND Trieu Tien Viec Mi-an-ma cd quan he gin giii ban vdi CHDCND Trilu Tien tir nam 1983, gian diep cua CHDCND Trilu Tien cd y dinh am sat Tdng thdng Han Qudc Chun Dd-Hoan chuyen tham Ran-gun^ cang lam tang mdi nghi ngd cua cdng dong qudc te Han nira, lanh dao Mi-an-ma cho rang viec nudc xich lai gin ban vdi CHDCND Trieu Tien se lam giam bdt sy phu thude vao Trung Quoc Khi ban luan ve van de lieu Mi-an-ma cd chuong trinh vii hat nhan hay khdng, cac nudc ASEAN cd quan diem khac Theo y kien cua tac gia, la mdt nudc vien cua Hiep dinh chdng phd bien vu buy diet hang loat (NPT) va Hiep dinli xay dyng khu vyc Ddng Nam A khdng cd vii hat nhan (SEANWFZ), Mi-an-ma se khdng vugt ngoai nhiing khudn khd cua SEANWFZ Theo Ban ghi nhd ve Phat trien nang lugng hat nhan vi muc dich hda binh, la mdt qudc Hien chuang cua Hiep hdi cdc quoc gia Dong Nam A, http://www.aseansec.org /21069.pdf Rajesh Kapoor, Ddnh gid tham vong hgt nhdn cua Mi-an-ma vd nhung tdc ddng cd the xdy ra, 22/7/2010,http://ww.idsa.in/idsacomments/JudgingMyanmarsNuclear AinbitionsandLikelylmplicationsrkapoor 220710 912010 63 '"' Cdc van de Quoc te gia cd chil quyen, Mi-an-ma cd quyen phat trien dien hat nhan mien dap irng dugc nhirng tieu chuan ve an toan va an ninh cua IAEA Khdng gidng nhu CHDCND Trieu Tien, Mi-an-ma chua bao gid tuyen bd khdi Hiep dinh chdng phd bien vii buy diet hang loat Ngugc lai, Mian-ma da tirng cho phep cac nlidm lam viec ciia IAEA vao dat nudc de tra cac chuong trinh nang lupng hat nhan Robert Kelly, nguyen Giam ddc cua IAEA, da phat bieu: "Cac chuang trinh nang lupng hat nhan cua Mi-an-ma cdn lau mdi cd dii kha nang de san xuat vii nguyen tir".^ Quan trpng hon Dang Tieng ndi Dan chii cua Mi-an-ma da khdng dua dugc nhirng ldi budc tdi cd ca sd chac chan cao budc chinli quyen quan sy nudc dang theo dudi chuong trinh san xuat vii nguyen tir vdi sy giup dd ciia Binh Nhudng, va ciing chua cd co quan hay td chiic nao chiing minh dugc tinh xac thyc cua nhiing ldi cao budc ay Ly cudi ciing khien Mi-an-ma khdng phat trien chuong trinh vii nguyen tir la ca Trung Qudc va ASEAN se chang cd lgi Idc gi neu Mi-an-ma sd hiru vu hat nhan That vay, Trung Quoc ludn lo ngai mpt dat nudc Mi-an-ma khdng dn dinh se gay anh hudng khdng tdt ve mat xa hdi, chinh tri va an ninh cho nudc minh, dac biet la dpc dudng bien gidi Tay Nam .,, ^^ / ,;.•:.;:.:• Nhiing phan tich tren, cho thay Hiep dinh vl xay dyng khu vyc Ddng Nam A khdng cd vii hat nhan, trai qua 15 nam, vin giii nguyen gia tri Ca mudi qudc gia ASEAN, cho dii dang cd hay chua cd kl hoach phat triin nang lugng hat nhan, deu mudn xay dyng mdt mdi trudng hoa binh, dn dinh de tap trung phat trien kinh tl Nhung nudc tilm nang vl dien hat nhan nhu Viet Nam, Thai Lan, In-dd-ne-xi-a, cdng khai chuong trinh nang lupng hat nhan vi myc dich hda binh ciia minh, tir khau xay dyng nha may, dao tao ngudn nhan lyc din chuin bi vl ky thuat ' Rajesh Kapoor,//tW 64 "' " " "'' ' '^ ^r ' : ; r : ' / i - v i h j : 912010 Nghien cdu Quoc te so S (82) va san sang hpp tac vdi cac ddi tac ben ngoai ciing nhu tuan thii cac quy dinh cua IAEA : , : Nhung chuan bj cua Viet Nam cho ke hoach phat trien dien hat nhan Mdt sd hpc gia cho rang neu tinh d khu vyc Ddng Nam A thi Viet Nam, xet tren quy md, la qudc gia cd tham vpng Idn nhat ITnh vyc phat trien nang lugng dien hat nhan Do nhu cau nang lupng cang tang va ngudn cung cap dien tir cac nha may thuy dien va nhiet dien hien cd khdng dii dap irng nhu eau dd, nen Viet Nam dy dinh den nam 2030 se xay tam nha may dien hat nhan, san xuat khoang 15.000-16.000 MW dien Trong dd, nha may dien hat nhan dau tien dy kien se dugc xay dyng nam 2014 d tinh ven bien mien Trung, Ninh Thuan Tap doan Nang lupng nguyen tir qudc gia ciia Nga (ROSATOM) dugc chpn la ddi tac giup dd Viet Nam viec xay dyng va van hanh nha may dien hat nhan dau tien nay.'^ Tuy nhien, lanh dao Viet Nam cung khang dinh se tim kiem sy cdng tac tir cac ddi tac ciia My, O-xtray-li-a hay cac nudc phucmg Tay khac bat tay vao xay dyng cae nha may dien hat nhan tiep theo •• Budc chuan bj dau tien cua Viet Nam la ve ca so phdp Iy Chinh phu va Vien Nang lugng nguyen tir Viet Nam da mat nhieu nam chuan bi CO sd phap ly de phat trien dien hat nhan, dang ke nhat la Luat Nang lugng nguyen tir sd I8/2008/QH12 ban hanh 03/6/2008 Thay mat Chinh phii, Thu tudng Chinh phii vira ky ban hanh Nghj dinh quy dinh chi tiet va hudng dan thi hanh mdt sd dieu ciia Luat Nang lugng nguyen '" Hap tdc ndng luang nguyen lu Viet Nam - Lien Bang Nga, http://www.congan coin.vn/?mod=detnews&catid=681&id= 136944, truy cap 04/9/2010 9/2070 65 !^ " o» Cdc van de Quoc te tu ve Nha may dien hat nhan Nghi dinh hudng dan cac quy djnh cua Luat Nang lugng nguyen tir ve dau tu, lira chpn dia diem, thiet ke, thi cdng xay dyng, lap dat, van hanh, cham dirt hoat ddng ciia nha may dien hat nhan va bao dam an toan an ninh cac boat ddng dd, ve dieu kien doi vdi td chirc, ca nhan dau tu xay dyng nha may dien hat nhan • • v P, -: ; • •( ^u^i wil: Van di an ninh vd an todn cho cac nha may dien hat nhan ludn dugc Viet Nam dat len hang dau Nhan thirc rd tieu chi an toan^ho cac nha may dien hat nhan la mdt nhirng yeu td chii yeu ma nhiing ngudi phan ddi nang lugng nguyen tir dua de chdng lai cac ke hoach xay dyng nha may Hon nua, bao dam an ninh hat nhan la van de cap thiet ddi vdi an ninh, phat trien ciia cac qudc gia bdi canh nhu cau phat trien dien hat nhan tang manh de thich iing vdi sy bien ddi hau, irng phd vdi khiing hoang nang lugng va nan khiing bd qudc te gia tang Cho nen, Viet Nam da va dang chuan bi bet sire ky ludng, tir khau len ke hoach, lap chinh sach, dao tao can bd, ky su ITnh vyc cdng nghe, an toan hat nhan, cho den khau quan ly cac nguyen lieu hat nhan va chat thai phdng xa Han nira, Viet Nam cung hpp tac vdi cac cudng qudc nguyen tir tren the gidi viec xay dyng va van hanh nha may dien hat nhan, ddng thdi ludn tuan thii cac tieu chuan ve an ninh va an toan ciia IAEA va cae dinh che qudc te khac nhu Hiep hdi cac nha dieu hanh cac trung tam hat nhan , i , Ve diio tao ngudn nhdn luc, Viet Nam da cd nhirng de an dao tao them cac can bd nghien cim, dac biet la cac chuyen gia ve nang lugng nguyen tii' va de an xay dirng don vi chuyen mdn ho trg ky thuat Ddi ngii " Chi Kien Phai tuyet doi an loan qud irinh xdy dirng vd vein hdnh nhd may dien hgt nhdn, http://baodientu.chinhphu.vn/Home/Phai-tuyet-doi-an-toan-trong-qua-trinhxay-dung-van-hanh-nha-may-dien-hat-nhan/20106/32998 vgp 66 912010 Nghien cdu Quo'c tesoS (82) can bd dugc dao tao chuyen sau ve cdng nghe Id phan iirng, cdng nghe nha may dien hat nhan, ve an toan hat nhan dl tham gia thim djnh toan bd nhung giai doan cua cae dy an dien hat nhan Vien Nang lugng nguyen tir Viet Nam la don vi chu yeu nghien ciin, triin khai dy an Ngoai ra, Viet Nam cdn cd dpi ngu can can bd chuyen gia da van hanh Trung tam Id phan irng hat nhan tai Da Lat dam bao an toan gin nhu tuyet ddi va hieu qua cao ban 20 nam qua Den nay, Viet Nam da tham gia cdc Hiep udc qudc te quan trpng tren ITnh vyc nang lugng nguyen tir va ky ket cac Hiep dinh song phuang ve hgp tac phat trien dien hat nhan vdi cac ddi tac nhu My, Nga, Trung Qudc, Phap, An Do, Han Qudc va Ac-hen-ti-na Cy thi, Chinh phii Viet Nam da tham gia Hiep udc ve An toan Hat nhan va Sang kien toan cau ve chdng khiing bd tiep can vdi vii hat nhan Ddng vai trd Chu tich ASEAN nam 2010, Viet Nam da ddng gdp tich cyc nham xay dung mdt khu vyc Ddng Nam A thinh vugng va khdng cd vu hat nhan.'^ Ngay 30/3/2010, Viet Nam va My ky ket Ban ghi nhd (MoU) ve ke hoach phat trien nang lugng hat nhan vi myc dich hda binh cua Viet Nam Ban ghi nhd nham thiie day hpp tac ITnh vyc dao tao ngudn nhan lyc, dam bao an toan va an ninh cho ngudi dan Viet Nam sdng quanh khu vyc cd cac nha may dien hat nhan va quan ly chat thai phdng xa De chuan bi cho dy an dien hat nhan dau tien Van phdng Chinh phii cdng bo Quylt dinh sd 460/2010/QD-TTg 04/5/2010 ciia Thii tudng Chinh phu lap Ban chi dao Nha nudc Dy an dien hat nhan '" Bdi phdt bieu cua Thii luang Viet Nam Nguyen Tdn Dung tgi Hdi nghi thuang dinh An ninh Hgt nhdn, http://www.chinhphu.vn/portal/page?_pageid=439,2054100&_dad=portal&_ schema=PORTAL&pers_id=2046916&item_id=41532899&p_details= 912010 67 'i-'Oi) ?, o; Cdc van de Quo'c te Ninh Thuan Phd Thii tudng Hoang Trung Hai lam Trudng ban.'^ Tren ca sd nay, cac Bd, nganh vien Ban Chi dao de cir nhan sy va cac bd phan tryc thupc Ban chi dao Bd Cdng thuang hien dang soan thao dl dl xuit ca chl, chinh sach dac thii thyc hien va quan ly dy an dien hat nhan Ninh Thuan, ddng thdi xay dyng dl xuat vay vdn tin dung chodyan • ' - - -'"^ '^^•'' '-m ^^ f' Tir tiin hanh cdng cude Ddi mdi nam 1986, Viet Nam theo dudi mdt each nhat quan dudng ldi ddi ngoai ddc lap, ty chu, hda binh, hpp tac va phat triin."* Hien nay, dl dap iing nhu cau phat trien kinh te dit nudc va dam bao an ninh nang lugng, Viet Nam cam ket chi phat trien cae chuong trinh nang lupng hat nhan vi myc dich hda binh La mpt vien tham gia Hiep udc chdng phd bien vii buy diet hang loat va Hiep dinh ve xay dyng khu vyc Ddng Nam A khdng cd vii hat nhan, Viet Nam iing hd nhirng nd lyc ciia cdng ddng qudc te viec chdng phd bien vii hat nhan, chdng chii nghTa khiing bd dudi mpi hinh thirc, dac biet la chdng nhirng ke khiing bd tiep can dugc vdi vii hat nhan, thiic day an toan va an ninh hat nhan vi lgi ich cua toan nhan loai Ve Hiep udc START mdi day, Viet Nam hoan nghenh nhiing nd lyc ciia Nga va My, ddng thdi xem day la mdt budc tien quan trpng nhung nd lyc cua cdng ddng qudc te hudng tdi mdt the gidi khdng cd vii hat nhan '^ Nguyen Linh, Khdn truong tien hdnh cdc budc khdi ddng Du dn dien hgt nhdn, xem http://baodientu.ehinhphu.vn/Home/Khan-truong-tien-hanh-cac-buoc-khoi-dong-Du-andien-hat-nhan/20105/30629.vgp '•* Chinh sdch ddi ngogi Viet Nam, http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cs_doingoai/#3T G95uHqv2Gh 68 9/2070 Nghien cdu Quo'c teso'S (82) Viec phat trien dien hat nhan d Dong Nam A co t h i tang cuong An ninh nguoi? Trong "Bao cao phat trien ngudi" nam 1994 ciia Lien Hgp Qudc, khai niem an ninh ngudi cd hai khia canh chinh: an toan trudc cac mdi de dga trien mien nhu ddi khat, benh tat va ap biic; ngudi dugc bao ve trudc nhiing bien ddng bat thudng va cd hai ddi vdi cude sdng hang ngay.'^ Cyu Tdng Thu ky Lien Hpp Quoc, dng Kd-phi Annan, timg nhan manh an ninh ngudi khdng tach rdi hda binh, an ninh va phat trien Nd khdng chi don gian la tinh trang khdng cd xung dot bao lye, ma cdn bao gdm nhan quyen, quan ly Nha nudc tdt, ca hdi tiep can giao dye va cham sdc sire khde, bao dam mdi ca nhan cd ca hdi va sy lya chpn de phat huy dugc nang lye ciia minh Theo each dinh nghTa nhu tren, bay nhan td ca ban cau an ninh ngudi bao gdm: an ninh kinh te, an ninh luong thyc, an ninh siic khoe, an ninh mdi trudng, an ninh ca nhan, an ninh cdng ddng va an ninh chinh tri •' ' Vdi khai niem an ninh ngudi dugc hieu nhu tren, viec phat trien dien hat nhan d khu vyc Ddng Nam A chi cd the tang cudng dugc an ninh ngudi neu nhu dam bao dugc sy an toan va an ninh cho cac nha may dien hat nhan khu vyc Rd rang, viec lya chpn phat trien dien hat nhan cd the giiip dam bao an ninh nang lupng ma khdng gay hieu irng nha kinh va bien ddi hau, tir dd, phat trien kinh te qudc gia Mdt kinh te phat trien, cac nudc lai cd dieu kien hon de dam bao an ninh qudc gia va giii virng hda binh khu vyc Nhu the, ddi chieu Chuong trinh phat trien ciia Lien Hgp Quoc, Nhitng khia cgnh mai ciia an ninh nguai Bao cao phat trien nguoi nSm 1994, trang 23, http://hdrundp.org/ reports/global/994/en/pdf/hdr_1994_ch2.pdf, trich Ta Minh Tuan, "An ninh nguoi va nhirng moi de dga loan cau" Tap chi Cong sdn, so (153) nam 2008, http://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/details.asp?Object=4&news_ID=l 3540442 912010 69 '^ •' Cdc van de Quoc te vdi cac tieu chi cua khai niem An ninh ngudi thi cd the khang dinh viec phat trien nang lugng hat nhan vi myc dich hda binh giiip an ninh ngudi dugc dam bao ban Van de dat cho cac qudc gia Ddng Nam A dang cd ke hoach phat trien dien hat nhan la lam the nao de ban che den miic tdi thieu nhirng rui ro cd the phat sinh qua trinh van hanh cac nha may dien hat nhan ~: - , , Nhiing giai phap cho cac nudc Ddng Nam A cd the chia lam hai cap do: qudc gia va hgp tac khu vyc O cap dp qudc gia, mdi qudc gia tir len ke hoach phat trien dien hat nhan phai xac dinh rd muc tieu boat ddng la san xuat dien nang, phyc vu cho myc tieu phat trien ben viing, cam ket khdng phat trien len chuang trinh lam giau u-rani-um de san xuat vii hat nhan (do cac qudc gia da tiep can dupc vdi cdng nghe hat nhan thi viec di sau hon, tien len qua trinh lam giau ura-ni-um khdng phai la qua xa, nhat la neu dugc cac nudc da cd vii hat nhan giup dd) Ngoai ra, cac qudc gia phai cdng khai minh bach ke hoach xay dyng cac nha may dien hat nhan, ca sd phap ly va ca sd tang hien cd, ddng thdi cam ket tuan thii nghiem ngat cac quy dinh ciia IAEA ve sy an toan va an ninh cho cac nha may dien hat nhan Mdt dilu quan trpng nira la cac qudc gia phai nang cao sy quan ly viec xay dyng, van hanh cac nha may dien hat nhan va quan ly cac nguyen lieu hat nhan va chat thai phdng xa d cap dp hpp tac khu vyc, eac nudc triin khai KI hoach hanh ddng ASEAN thiic diy hpp tac nang lugng (APAEC) dugc thong nhat tai Hdi nghi Bd trudng Nang lupng ASEAN lin thii 28 tai Da Lat va cam ket tuan thu nhiing quy dinh ciia Hiep dinh vl xay dyng khu vyc Ddng Nam A khdng cd vu hat nhan (SEANWFZ) Ben canh do, cac qudc gia can day manh hpp tac qudc tl dl phdng nhiing cdng nghe hat nhan rai vao tay cac nhdm khiing bd, vi day khdng chi la vin dl an ninh ciia moi qudc gia ma cdn anh hudng din an ninh toan ciu./ 70 9/2070 ... tuyet doi an loan qud irinh xdy dirng vd vein hdnh nhd may dien hgt nhdn, http://baodientu.chinhphu.vn/Home/Phai-tuyet-doi -an- toan-trong-qua-trinhxay-dung-van-hanh-nha-may-dien-hat-nhan/20106/32998... nghTa nhu tren, bay nhan td ca ban cau an ninh ngudi bao gdm: an ninh kinh te, an ninh luong thyc, an ninh siic khoe, an ninh mdi trudng, an ninh ca nhan, an ninh cdng ddng va an ninh chinh tri •''... nhdn, xem http://baodientu.ehinhphu.vn/Home/Khan-truong-tien-hanh-cac-buoc-khoi-dong-Du-andien-hat-nhan/20105/30629.vgp ''•* Chinh sdch ddi ngogi Viet Nam, http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cs_doingoai/#3T