KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE L p CHON M A Y K H I E N D A O H P LY THI CONG CAC TUYEN METRO THANH PHO HA NOI ThS VU MINH TUAN Tong Cty TVTK GTVT Tom tit: Hien TP Ha Noi dang trien hai dau tu xay dung he thong tau dien ngam De thi cdng cac tuyen tau dien ngam chung ta se phai sd dung cdng nghe thi cdng bang may khien dao Viec lua chgn may khien dao phu hgp vdi dieu kien thi cdng cua TP Ha Ndi la dieu rat can thiet Bai viet gidi thieu tdng quan mdt so loai may khien dao va kien nghi lua chgn loai may phu hpp ddthi cdng he thdng tau dien ngam TP Ha Ndi Abstract: We are investing to build the metro systerm in Ha Noi city We will have to apply construction methord with Shielded Tunnel Boring Machine (Shielded-TBM) for this major project It is very important to choose suitable Shielded-TBM with construction condition in Ha Noi This article introduces some ShieldedTBM and proposes to select siutable Shielded-TBM to build Ha Noi metro systerm I MO OAU phap nhu tren hau het cac nude phat then deu phai dau tu xay dung he thdng van chuyen hanh khach khdi lupng Idn Mdt nhung giai phap huu hieu la xay dung cac tuyen tau dien ngam di dudi mat dat hoac dudi day song Cac nude cd he thdng tau dien ngam Idn nhat phai ke den la Nga, Nhat, Due, Thuy Dien, Anh, Phap, My Tai Ddng Nam A, cac nude nhu Singapor, Philipine, Malaysia, Thai Lan cung da xay dung nhieu tuyen Metro (tau dien) de giai quyet van de un tac giao thdng Hien nay, tai cac thi Ion nhu TP Ha Npi va Ho Chi Minh tinh trang giao thong dien rat phuc tap, tinh trang tac giao thong xay thudng xuyen, dac biet vao cac gid cao diem va tai cac nut giao ddng muc Vao nhung trdi mua tinh trang tren xay d hau het cac tuyen phd, ke ca nhung tuyen phd rdng Trudc tinh trang dd, cac Co quan quan ly da dua nhieu giai phap khac nhau, phdi hpp nh§m giam tinh trang un tac Mdt so giai phap Theo kinh nghiem the gidi, da dupe dua ap dung nhu phan Chinh phu Viet Nam nhieu ludng giao thdng, bd tri lai he thong dieu khien giao thdng, caT nam qua cung da cd chinh sach xen via he de md rdng dudng phd, dau tu phat then mang ludi dudng lap cac he thdng xe buyt ndi sat npi dd, nhieu td chuc tu van nude va quoc te, nhieu nha , nhien hieu qua cua cac dau tu cung da tien hanh nghien bien phap tren rat han che, khdng cuu va cd y dinh dau tu he thdng giai quyet duoc triet de tinh trang tau dien ngam tai phd Ha tac giao thdng mat Noi va phd Ho Chi Minh dp giao thdng cang tang len Mdt so du an dang dupe nghien nhanh chdng ciru va then khai nhu Du an tuyen Tren the gidi, de giai quyet triet dudng sat thi diem Ha Npi, doan de tinh trang un tac giao thdng tai Nhdn - ga Ha Ndi (du an duoc su cac phd Idn, ngoai cac bien hd tro ve mat tai chinh va ky thuat TAP CHI CAU DUONG VIET NAM cua Chinh phu Phap) Du an tuyen dudng sat so tu Ndi Bai di Ha Odng dang duoc nghien cuu vdi su giup dd cua Nhat Ban Tai phd Ho Chi Minh, hien nhieu nha dau tu nhu Due, Nhat, Han Qud'c, Trung Quoc, cung dang xem xet va mong muon duoc dau tu cac tuyen dudng sat (di ngam va di tren cao) Oe thi cdng cac tuyen tau dien ngam tai phd Ha Ndi, chac chan chung ta phai su dung cac cdng nghe thi cdng tien tien hien tren the gidi Cong nghe dao ham bang may khien dao se duoc cac To chuc Tu van va cac Nha thau lua chon kha nang dap ung ve ky thuat va cac Igi ich ve kinh te Phuang phap khien dao la phuang phap thi cdng cdng trinh ngam bao gdm mot to hap cac may mdc thiet bi cd khien chdng vdi nhiem vu chinh la bao ve tam guang va bien dao, dao va van chuyen dat da, lap dat va gia cudng he thdng chdng dd ham Dudi day tac gia xin trinh bay tdng m KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE I n :r:-r:it— • r - Mat dat Loai SM-V1 ^ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ^ / / / / / / / / Loai SM-V2 // -w / / / / / / /> / / / / , ' Y / •/ / / Gtrctrti; / / / / •/ - / r.„^„ / / / / / / Loai SM-V3 / / / Qua ap lai.noc t f W & _\!// \ / / //.r/ / // V //// r Loai SM-V4 ap lire cua nen M ! Hi Loai SM-V5 /-//nft Sa cac loai may khien dao W/>7/7 Nguyen ly chong guong bang nen quan ve cac loai may khien dao va lira chon loai khien dao hgp ly nhat cho viec ap dung thi cong cac tuyen tau dien ngam tai Ha Noi dung dao dat set cung (khong chua nude) Banh cat lam nhiem vu cat, dao dat Dat dao duge van chuyen bang bang tai hoac mang cao tinh chay deo thi vi cd khe hd, guong ham khdng duge chdng triet de, cd the gay sut lun Giai quyet su cd trudng hgp kha phuc tap II TONG QUAN VE CAC LOAI MAY KHIEN DAO • SM-V2: Guong dao duge chdng dd bang bien phap co hoc • SM-V3: Guong ham duge chdng dd bang nen /oai Compressed Air (CA-TBM) May khien dao co bp phan dao la cac banh cat hay mam cat Khien cman la vo thep bao bpc kin xung quanh may Cac may khien dao duoc phan biet bdi phuong thUc chdng guong dao cung nhu khdi dat xung quanh Cac loai may khien dao bien nhat tren the gidi hien duge the hien tren Hinh Banh cat hay mam cat cua may cd cau tao gan nhu kin, ap vao guong dao va tao ap luc chdng trugt Id sdm cua guong dao Cac tam ga dd tren mam cat, nam giua cac rang cat duge lap ghep dan hdi Nhd vay dat dao chui vao khe hd giua cac tam ga dd va rang cat (khe hd co khoang hd bien ddi) va vao khoang cdng tac Dat Cac may khien dao mang ky hieu tu SM-V1 den SM-V5 tren duge van chuyen bang bang Hinh va co cac dac diem, tinh tai, mang cao hoac bang phuong phap thuy luc Loai may khien nang sau [1]: dao cd rang cat dang ludi xeng • SM-V1: Guong ham khdng hien cd muc dd co hoa cao duoc chdng dd (khdng chong Do mam cat ludn ep chat vao guong) guong dao nen ddi hdi phai cd md Loai may khdng cd co cau men quay du Idn Loai may chdng dd guong ham, nen cdn gpi duge su dung cho khdi dat kem la may khien dao "hd" Nd duge su cung vung Tuy nhien, neu dat cd Khi khdi dat chua nude ngam can thiet phai duge khdng che khdng cho nude xam nhap vao khoang cdng tac, mdt khdng ap dung bien phap thao khd Trong trudng hgp nay, mdt cac giai phap la toan bd dudng ham hoac tdi thieu la buong cdng tac phai dat che dp nen Trudng hgp sau phai cd tudng ngan each (tudng ap luc) vdi ben ngoai Trong ca hai trudng hgp deu phai bd tri khoang (hay au) an toan Nhd ap luc nen, nude khdng chi bj giu lai ma cdn bi ep vao sau khdi dat Hinh the hien nguyen ly chdng guong b§ng nen Khi su dung phai ludn luu y den kha nang thoat d phan dudi khien chdng tiep giap vdi ket TAP CHI CAU DUONG VIET NAM KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE cho nen tham qua Mang ngan chi ton tai khoang thdi gian ngan, ma chdng dd guong lai nhd vao nen, vay phai nhanh chdng tao mang ngan mdi Khi may ngung hoat dpng, cd the chdng da guang nhd cac tam chan tren mam cat duac ddng kin lai hoac mang cac tam chan tu phia sau den Kha nang thuc hien duac nhd vao su ton tai cua mang Hinh Nguyen ly chong guong ngan trudc guong Trong buong bang chat long co ap cdng tac thudng bd tri may nghien dap de nghien vun da kep, vat lan cau vo chong ham Ngoai cung ran phai van dung cac giai phap dac • SM-V5: Cac may loai biet de loai tru hien tupng tich tu thuc hien chdng dd guang theo nen, chang han cac thau phuang thuc "can bang ap luc dat" kinh cat chua nuoc co ap (loai Earth Pressesure Balance • SM-V4: Chong guong (EPB -TBM) ham bang chat long co ap loai Khdi dat dao duoc dua ve Bentonite Slurry (Slurry-TBM) dang "vua dat" lam nhiem vu Tuy thupc vao kha nang tham chdng dd guang ham Khoang nuoc cua khoi dat ma chat long cdng tac cung dupe ngan each vdi dupe su dung co ty va dp phan cdn lai bang tudng ngan ap nhat tuang xung Huyen phu luc Mam cat d dang kin hoac cd it bentonite duac coi la mot loai chat khe hd Mot true xoan "rudt ga" long huu hieu Buong cong tac lam nhiem vu keo dat khdi duoc ngan each vai dudng ham buong cdng tac Hinh the hien bang mdt tudng ap luc Ap luc nguyen ly chdng dd guong bang chdng dd guong dupe dieu khien ap luc dat Ap luc duac va theo chinh xac nhd mdt "dem khdng ddi nhd cac dung cu ap luc Oe khi", hoac thdng qua bp phan dieu dam bao khdi dat cd duac dp deo chinh so vong quay cua may bo'm quanh nhat dinh, cac canh quay van chuyen va may bam cung cap duac bd tri sau mam cat Ap luc Bait duac dao nhd mam cat va dat chdng dd guang duac dieu duac van chuyen nhd bom thuy chinh nhd cac kich nen (kich di luc (bom van chuyen) Hon hop chuyen) va thdng qua dieu chinh van chuyen phai dupe chia tach so vdng quay cua true xoan keo cac phan rieng re Hinh dat True xoan cung vdi khdi luang the hien nguyen ly chdng dd vat lieu duac tai theo nd ket hap guong bang chat long cd ap Khi vdi mdt ca cau co thich hap can di vao khoang cdng tac (sua dam bao dp kin tuyet ddi d bp chua, thay rang cat) can thiet phai phan keo dat ra, nhd ludn dam su dung nen thay cho chat bao on dinh duac ap luc chdng dd long Khi dd chat long (huyen phu guang ham, ca cd nude bentdnit, polyme) tao mot mang up khdi dat Duong nhien ngan sat guong ham khong kha nang chdng dd toan guong, Malm TAP CHi CAU DUONG VIET NAM dac biet d phan phia tren chi co the dam bao duoc neu nhu dua khdi dat ve dup'c trang thai deo quanh mem den cung Ham luang hat (< 0,06mm) cd anh hudng dang ke Oe md rdng pham vi su dung loai may nay, ngudi ta da dung cac chat gia cudng nhu betdnit, polyme bpt polyme Duong nhien lai phai chii y den kha nang gay nhiem moi trudng dd thai M.i I Hinh Nguyen ly chdng dd guang bang ap luc dat III CAC KHA NANG LIEN KET CAC MAY KHIEN DAO Trong thi cdng thudng gap khdi dat bien ddng, cd the tu da ran cung den dat rdi Do vay ky thuat van hanh phai phu hap vdi dieu kien dia ky thuat va phai su dung loai may khien dao thich hop Ve mat ky thuat cd cac kha nang sau: • May khien dao cho phep thay ddi ky thuat van hanh khdng phai thao - lap gdm cd: s Khien dao ap luc dat SM V5 phdi hap vdi khien dao nen SM -V3 s Khien dao chat long SM V4 phdi hop khien dao nen SM - V3 • May khien dao co the thay ddi ky thuat van hanh bang each thao KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE Bet rdi Hon hop (hon tap) Dinh ket khong on dinh