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Nguyin Dang Binh vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 88(12): 185-190 ANH HirdNG CUA AP SUAT NEN DUNG DICH MQLDEN TUOI BEN CUA DUNG CU CAT KHI TIEN THE? CrSi B A N G DAO CBN Nguyen DSng Binh', Tran Minh Diic', Le Th^i Son^'* Trudng DlT Ky thudt Cdng nghidp Thdi Nguyen, 'Trifdng DH Suphgm ky thuat Vinh TOM T A T Qua trinh nghien ciru cac anh hudng cua phuong phdp boi tron-iam ngupi toi thilu (MQL) tien thep 9CrSi bang dao CBN dugc thyc hipn nham danh gia cac anh hudng cua thong s6 ap suat nen Dung djch Dau lac Viet Nam dugc n^n vdi cac gia trj ap suat at, at va at sau dupc phun vdi luu lugng phun Iml/phiit Kit qua cho thSy hieu qua boi tron va lam ngupi dung dich nen vdi ap suat at la tot nhat Lupng mdn dao ca mat trudc va mat sau deu thap ban su dung ap suat at va at Nhu vay, dieu kien thyc nghiem nay, ap suat n^n bang at da tao ta dung djch MQL DSu lac cd cac dac tinh toi uu vl boi tron va lam ngupi TU khoa: MQL Ddu Igc, Tudi ben dung cu cdt Tien cung GIOI THIEU Cac chi tiet nhu vdng d lan, vdi phun va nhiing chi tiet ciia he thdng thuy lyc, sau nhiet luyen thudng phai qua nguyen cdng mai hoac khdn Cac nguyen cdng thudng thieu linh hogt va mat nhieu thdi gian Han nOa chi phi dung djch tron ngudi cho nguyen cdng mai ciing kba cao Mat khac chat thai mai cang la van de eua mdi trud'ng sdng Nhiing ly tren da thiic day cac nha san xuat logi dan khau mai quy trinh cdng nghe gia cdng tinh chi tiet Phuang an tdi uu cho viec thay the chinh la tien cirng Tien cirng dugc phat trien bat dau tir nam 1980, [5], [6], manh cat bang vat lieu sieu ciing CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride), PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) dugc irng dung rdng rai Phuang phap cd the gia cdng khd va hoan chi tiet ciing mdt lan ga Cap chinb xac tien eiing cd thi dgt IT5-7, nham be mat Ra = 0,04 ^ 0,16pm Rd rang, vdi chat lugng dat dugc nhu vay, tien cu'ng hoan toan thay the dugc cho mai hau bet cac trudng hgp gia cdng tinh Cac san pham tien ciing kha linh hogt, tir cac chi tilt dgng tryc tran (cac true ngan), lan, tdi cac cbi tilt cd bien dgng phiic tap deu cd thi hoan tbanb b4ng nguyen cdng tien cung Tuy nhien, nhiet cao qua trinh tien ciing la mdt nhung yeu td gay cae anh hudng bat Igi cho qua trinh gia cdng Do vay, ap dung cac phuang phap BT-LN pbii bgp vao qua trinh tien ciing vdi muc dich lam giam nhiet gia cdng la viec khdng the thieu Trudc day, cac logi dung djch BT-LN duge cbl bien tii' dau md theo truyen thdng dugc sir dyng nhilu Vi nhung tac ddng bat lgi nen tren, xu budng sii' dyng dung djch BT-LN bang dau thyc vat va este gia cdng eat ggt dang din chiem uu the Logi dung djch tron ngudi da khang djnh dugc vj the cua chiing viec nang cao hieu qua san xuat va giam eac tac ddng xau den mdi trudng Viec sii' dyng dau thyc vat gia cdng cat ggt cd the lam giam bdt van de phai ddi mat vdi SUC ' khde cua ngudi lao ddng, chang bgn nbu ung thu da va hit phai bui ddc bgi [6] Dau thyc vat su dung BT-LN vugt trdi so dau cdng nghiep vl chat lugng san pham gia cdng 0, [8] Bdi tron lam ngudi toi thieu (Minimum Quantity Lubrication-MQL) tien ciing la phuong phap sii' dung ca cbl BT-LN bang each phun dung djch tron ngudi da dugc nen d ap su§t cao vao viing gia cdng Dgc tinh khac biet vl ca cbl hda tan ciia dung djch tron ngudi d dilu kien da tgo nen mdt co cbl tham nhap vao vimg gia cdng khac vdi cac phuong phap BT-LN truyin thong hipn cd Nhd dd, cdng nghe MQL da cho tbSy 185 Nguyin Dang Binh vd Dm Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE nhieu uu diem vc ca linh nang bdi tran lan lam ngugi Irong qua trinh gia cdng viil lieu cd i\o cirng cao Mgt nhu'ng uu diem ndi bat ciia no hi lam giiim nhiet cat, giiim lugng mdn dao, giiim hipMi tugng leo dao dd cai thien nham be mat cbi tiet gia cdng, tang tudi ben dung cu cat, lang dg chinh xac gia cdng \ii dgc biet hi khdng giiy hgi cho mdi trirdng \ii ngudi 0, f9J Theo Nguyen Thg |2|, trcMi the gidi mdi nam Siin xuiil dugc khoang 35 trieu tan l.gc, Irong dd Vict Nam siin xuiil dugc kboiing nira trieu liin Nhan Igc thirdng cd hinh bau due mau trang Ihiinli phiin hoii bgc theo % chat khd nhu sau: Lipil khoiing 40-^60%, Protein khoang 20- 37%, Xenlulo khoang I - 5%, Tro 2^ 5% Thdng thudng, trung binh 100kg Igc (ca vd) cbo 70kg nhan va 30kg vd, neu kel hgp ep va tach ly, ta thu dugc 34 kg dau Igc va 36 kg khd lgc Ty trgng ciia dau lgc d 30°C la 0,910 va nhiet ddng dgc la -2,5"C Vdi y nghia va cac dgc diem nbu da neu tren, nhdm tac gia da tien banh qua trinh thyc nghiem nham danh gia cac anh hudng thdng sd MQL den qua trinh cat Trong phgm vi de tai nay, cac danh gia chu yeu tap trung vao sy anh budng ciia ap suat nen tgo dung djch MQL Dau lgc den tudi ben ciia dung cu cat tien ciing thep 9CrSi QUA TRJNH THUC NGHIEM Nguyen vat lieu va thiet bj thi nghiem Qua trinh thi nghiem dugc thyc bien tren niiiy tien vgn nang OKUMA LS365, Nhat Ban san xual Chi tiet gia cdng lam bang vat lieu Thep 9CrSi (9XC) Kich thudc cbilu dai L = 550 mm, dudng kinh O60 Phdi dugc tien hanh ldi thi tich dgt cirng 56 ^ 58 HRC Dao lien dugc sii' dung la dao tien ngoai Miii cat lam bing vat lieu CBN, sd hieu TPGN 160308 T2100 MTENN 2020K16-N (hang KAN EL A), Han Qudc siin xuiit Ludi cat cd cac gdc nhu sau: -6, -6 6, 6, 15 75, 0.8 (mm) 186 88(12): 185 190 He thong tgo dung djch tran ngudi dang hai/suang bao gdm cac thiet bj nen va tron dung djch Khi nen cung cap cho binh nen dugc thyc hien thdng qua thiet bj nen STARY dugc san xuat tgi Dai Loan (Ap suat nen Idn nhat 16KG/cm^) Thiet bj ap suat dugc sir dung la cam bien ky hieu NA 321- Novaka, Anh san xuat Trudc phun viio vimg cat, dung djch dugc trgn deu thdng qua thiet bj trgn kit hgp phun NOGA, san xuat lgi Dire Luu lugng phun dugc xac djnh thdng qua bd chia luu lugng cd gan ddng ho thdi gian, Irung Qudc san xuat Dung djch BT-LN MQL Dau lac la logi Dau Igc san xuat tgi Vict nam Trong dau Igc phan ax it beo Widng no chiem 33%, linolic (CI 8:2)13 chiem 63%, dd oleic (CI8:1)50 chiem 11% Dung djch BT-LN MQL Emusil la hdn hgp Emusil pha 10% vdi nude cat Dung djch Emusil la logi dung djch.BT-LN san xuat tai.Trung Qudc Mo hinh xix quy trinh thuc nghiem Md binh thi nghiem thyc hien de tai dugc gidi thieu tren Hinh Chi tiet gia cdng dugc ga tren mam cap cbau ty djnb tam va mui chdng tam Sau kbi ga lap, phdi dugc kiem tra wi gia cdng thd nham dam bao dp ddng tam tuyet ddi trirdc kbi tien hanh cat thyc nghiem Cac tbi nghiem tuang irng dugc thyc hien \di phuong phap MQL sir dung Dau lgc co Ciic thdng sd MQL dugc liet ke Bang dudi diiy Bang Cdc thdng sd dgc trung MQL sir dung qud trinh thuc nghiem Ten Ap suat nen Nhiet dp tao dung djch Luu lupng phun Dung dich MQL Thdi dilm danh gia Thong so dac trung at, at, at 25°C ml/phiit Diu lgc Viet nam 10, 20, 30, 40, va 50 phiit iNguycii u a i i g uiiiii vu i-^(g cip v^iii 1X1 ivy/~\ HOC & CONG NGHE 88(12): 185- 190 Hinh L \ld hinh thi nghiem lien cirng sir dung cdng nghe MQL Ddu lgc Mam cap, Dao tien, Vdi phun MQL, Chi tiet gia cdng, Mui chdng tam, O ga dao Danh gia ket qua thyc nghiem Qua trinh danh giii ludi cat va be mat chi tiet da gia cdng dugc thuc hien sau tien hanh cat 10 phut 20 phiit, 30 phut 40 phut, va 50 phut Trudc kbi danh gia, cac mau luoi eat lien quan dugc lam sgch sa bd va chyp anh be mat bang may chup SEM JEOL-JSM- 6490, Hoa Ky san xuat Miii dao dugc chyp ca mat trudc va mat sau de so sanh eac anh hudng tren cac be mat KET QUA tren Hinh Nguyen nhan va cac tac ddng lien quan tir ap suat nen dung dich MQL Dau lgc se dugc thao luan chi tiet phan tiep theo 410 370 g_ 330 BP=4ot DP=53t -P=6al I 250 •|- 210 •" VO 130 Bieu dd so sanh ket qua lugng mdn dao mat sau dugc dieu chinb ap suat nen P tii' at den at duge the hien tren Hinh Ket qua cho thay, kbi thdi gian cat cang dai thi lugng mdn dao cang ldn Tuy nhien, vdi gia trj ap suat nen bang at lugng mdn dao tgi tat ca cac thdi diem khao sat deu cd gia trj thap ban tang hoac giam ap suat nen Lugng mdn tai mat trudc cua dao dugc the bien tren Hinh cQng tuan theo quy lugt mdn dao mat sau d Hinh Tuy nhien, gia trj mdn d mat sau ldn bon nhieu so vdi gia trj mdn tai mat trudc eua dao day, mdt lan nu'a cbo thay lugng mdn dao sir dyng ap suat nen bang at thap hon cac trudng hgp cdn lai Cac anh hudng mdn din mat trudc va mat sau ciia dung cy cat thay doi ap suat nen dugc the hien rd hon d bieu dd so sanh tudi ben dao a 90 10 j., 20 t-"^ 30 40 Tliol gian cat (phiit) Hinh Mdi quan he giira dp sudt nen vd lugng mdn dao mat sau 240 f 210 DP=4il 0P=53t 180 g 150 120 10 20 30, 40 Ttitri gian ca! (pliiit) Hinh Mdt quan he giira dp sudt nen vd lugng mdn dao mat trudc 187 Nguyen Dang Binh vd Dig Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 50 50 40 30 -J! 20 10 Hinh Anh htrong cua dp sudt nen den tudi hen cita dung cu cat TllAO LUAN KM QUA Cho den iiiiy, da cd mdt sd cdng trinh nghien ciru su diiiig dau thyc viil vao cdng nghe MQL gia cdng cii vat lieu cd cirng cao [7], [9] Cac kcl qua nghien ciru deu cd cimg cluing ket luan ve hieu qua liim giam lugng mdn \a tang ludi ben dung cu cat gia cdng Theo dd, tudi thg cua dung cu da tang tii' phiit den 45 phiit, tuong duong 1,5 lan Khi sii' dung phuong phap BT-LN MQL, lugng mdn mat sau phu trung binh va mdn xudc tren ludi cat phu dugc hgn cbe dang ke Nbu vay bieu qua MQL da dugc khang djnb rd rang Trong nghien ciru nay, thay ddi ap suat ddng da cho thay cd anh budng nhieu den tudi ben ciia dao kbi MQL sir dung dau lgc cbo tien cirng thep 9CrSi Hinh va deu cho thay ben ciia dung cu cat cao nhat kbi sir dung MQL \di ap suat bang at Trong liic dd, neu tang hogc giam ap suat nen thi deu lam giiim tudi ben ciia dung cu cat mdt each rd ret Trong liic dd, lugng mdn mat sau the hien sy anh hudng cua ap suat nen rat rd net dii\, giai dogn diiu gia tri lugng mdn thay ddi khdng nhieu nhung thdi gian cat cang dai tbi sy chenh lech dd cang rd ret Nguyen nhan gay sy anh hudng cd the la gia cdng be mat nira kin, vdi ap suat at tbi sy bam vao mat ngoai cua dau lgc tren cac bgt bgt la tdt nhat, kha nang tgo ho'i/suang va dua chiing vao vimg cat hieu qua nhat, kha nang giu' cac hat suong mil vimg cat tdt nen kha nang bdi tron tdt 188 »»uz;: l o j i90 0,[8] Trong do, gia trj ap suit nen bing at cd the chua dii Idn de tao tao dung djch dang hai/suang cd hat toi uu, sy pha trpn giCfa chat hda tan va dung moi chua cao Do vay, kha nang tham nhap dung djch vao viing cat dc khuech tan nhiet khdi vimg cat kem hieu quii ban Dgng hdng cua dao trudng hgp la sy kit hgp giu^a mdn va "chay" luai cat vimg tiep xiic giira cac be mat Ion, hieu qua bdi Iran va lam ngugi ciia MQL cdn thap [3] Kbi tang ap suat nen dung djch len 6at, cd tuoi ben ciia dao lai bj giam di lugng mdn lang len Nguyen nhan cd the ap suat qua ldn dan den qua trinh tham nhap cua dung djch va thoat khdi vimg tiep xiic qua nhanh, thai gian luu Igi khu vyc tiep xiic khdng dii de phat buy kba nang bap thu nhiet tai viing lan can de mang ngoai Cd the ndi rang, van tdc ludng dung djch Idn cd the lam tang kha nang ddi luu nhiet xung quanh vimg cat va lam bieu qua lam ngugi khu \yc gia cdng Tuy nhien qua trinh BT-LN d cac khu vyc tiep xuc ben \ iing cat cd anh hudng quyet djnh den cac thdng so thyc nghiem neu tren Do \gy, bieu qua bdi tran \a !am ngupi cac khu \yc tiep xiic mdi cd the khang djnh dugc hieu qua BT-LN gia cdng Nhu vay, \di qua trinh phun MQL vdi P = at, hieu qua BT-LN khdng cao bang qua trinh phun P = at \ ii P= at Cac dgng hdng cua dao trudng hgp niiy cbii yeu la mdn \ a giiy 0, [3] Cac ket qua nghien ciru bang thyc nghiem cua Dhar \a cac ddng nghiep ve lugng mdn dao kbi gia cdng dugc gidi thieu so sanh Hinh Ket qua cho thay nbiing phat hien qua trinh thyc nghiem d de tai la hoan toan cd ca sd va pbii hgp vdi thyc tien Trong trirdng bgp ap suit nen P = at, tudi bin dao Idn nhat, tang 21 % so vdi trudng hop P = at va tang 27%) so vdi trudng hgp P = at Ap lyc ddng trudng hgp da mang cac hat dung djch dau lgc vao vimg cit, ap lyc ddng kbi du Idn se nang dugc canh phoi tren mat trudc cua dao, giam dugc chieu dai tilp xuc pboi-dao, giam dugc ma sat tren mat trudc, giam dugc nhiet sinh qua trinh cat Tap chi KHUA HQC & CONG NGHE Nguyin igffiig Binh vd Dtg , 0 >• i l 400 i* i KET L U A N VA KIEN NGHI Tir kit qua thyc nghiem ta cd thi thiy ring thay doi ap suit ddng MQL sir dung Dau Igc da thay ddi nhilu din mdn dao Khi ap suit ddng thich hgp lugng mdn dao giam rd ret, cu the: ' ^ ' ^ ' ' ' " '^^°^ * * P ^^^^ ^^^"^ Manh h
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