NGHIEN C i r u CAC BIEN PHAP KHA THI KHAC PHUC HIEN TU^ONG BO HAM TOA XE TRONG QUA TRINH D O A N TAU VAN H A N H PGS TS v u DUY LOC KS TAO VAN CHIEN Bg mdn Dau mdy - Tga xe ThS VU DUY DUC Bd mdn Cdng nghe Giao thdng Trudng Dgi hgc Giao thdng Van tdi Tom tdt:Ndi dung bdi bdo khdi qudt buc tranh tdng thi trang thdi ky thudt hdm dodn tdu van hdnh, nhitng tdn tai thiit bi hdm, cdc nguyin nhdn gdy nin bd hdm, niu cdc biin phdp khde phuc tdn tai, ndng cao chdt luang hdm dodn tdu Summary: This research mentions statistical results and analysis of troubles preventing the trains from running, and points out reasons of brake binding This research also offers some solutions to brake binding occurred when trains are running I DAT VAN DE Hidn nganh dudng sat Viet Nam quan ly va khai thac 6104 toa xe khach, toa xe hang Thiet bj ham sir dung cho toa xe khach, toa xe hang gdm nhieu loai: KE, Erlineon,P, K, 104 va van VE Nhung van ham tren ed dae didm co ban giong la thidt bi ham gid ep ty ddng gian tidp, nhung eau tao va ehi tidu ky thuat eac loai van ham khac Trong qua trinh van hanh doan tau khach, doan tau hang thudng gap cac sy cd vd ham trang thai ky thuat ham kiem tra bao duong, sua chua trdn cac tram kidm tra ky thuat cdn tdn tai nhidu hit cap gay trd ngai chay tau II NOI DUNG L Nhirng tdn tai doan tau ve ham van hanh Qua kdt qua khao sat tii' 15/5/2009 ddn 15/9/2009 trdn cae tuyen dudng sit khu vyc phia Bac, tuydn thdng nhat tir Ha Ndi ddn Da Nang thay rang: 148 Tap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI S6 31 - 09/2010 — f ? Ten goi Tong so thiet bj duo'c khao sat Tong so thiet bi khong thoa man yeu cau ky thuat Doan tau 84 22 26,19 Van ham 630 354 56,19 He thdng truydn ddng ham 808 633 78,34 Thidt bj SAB 274 191 69,71 He thdng truydn ddng ham sau Ichi SLi'a ehua xong 53 toa xe khach 19 toa xe hang 01 1,4 Ty le % Ghi chii Bd ham gay trd ngai chay tau Can bao duong sira ehira Khdng thda man mdt cac ydu cau ky thuat Khdng thda man khoang each A va chidu dai true keo e Trj sd AX, AY qua ldn so ydu eau Tdm lai: Khao sat trang thai ham doan tau khach, tau hang van hanh trdn dudng sat Viet Nam cho thay: • Trang thai ham toa xe sau sira ehua xong dua van dung tdt - Trang thai ham toa xe qua trinh van hanh xuat hidn nhidu thidu sdt dan ddn bd ham toa xe gay trd ngai chay tau - He thdng SAB hu hdng ehii ydu la mai mdn true keo, vo ren, ket, khdng dam bao khoang each A va e - He thdng truydn ddng hu hdng ehu ydu la khdng dam bao gia trj AX, AY ciia ca ham be xe - 100% van ham vao xudng phai duge kidm tra, bao duong, thu' trdn thiet bj chuydn dimg dd phat hidn cac hu hdng bui ban, mat buldng, ket, xi hd - He thdng dudng dng ham doan tau hu hdng la xi hd mdi ghep, ldng ro, gly ren, hu hdng dng mdm, bam ndi, khdng dam bao lye can thidt dd ep gioang ham ndi lap ghep vdi dieu kidn ap suat gid dp ldn Nhung nguyen nhan gay nen bo ham toa xe van hanh 2.1 Nhung hu hong thiet bi hdm toa xe gdy nen bo ham Kdt qua khao sat hu hdng thidt bi ham toa xe trdn cac tram kiem tra ky thuat Xem bang 2.1 Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG V^NTM S4 31 149 • -T Bdng 2.1 519 236 Tong so thidt bj khong thoa man yeu cau ky thuat 132 164 676 572 Tong so thilt bj du'oc khao sat Ten goi thiet bj ham Van ham SAB (Khoang each A, e) He thdng truydn ddng (AX, AY, gdc ngh idng ca ham) Ty Ie % 25,4 69,48 77,5 Hu hdng thidt bj ham dua toa xe vao xi nghidp sira chira Xem bang 2.2 Tong so thiet bj Tong so thiet bj can Ten ggi thiet bj ham duoc khao sat bao duong sua chua Van ham 111 111 SAB 38 ,• 27 He thdng truydn ddng (AX, 132 no AY, gdc nghieng ca ham) Tyle % 100 70,1 83 Nhung hidn tugng hu hdng trdn la nhung nguydn nhan gay ndn bd ham toa xe van hanh 2.2 Phan loai bo ham toa xe van hanh - Khi lyc ham ldn hon lye bam gay Idt banh xe n F = f ham ^ K J nis / , i /=! Fban, = QWb n Trong dd: /_^K^ - Tdng lyc ep gudc ham vao banh xe; Q: Trgng lugng bam; v|/b: He sd i=\ bam banh xe trdn dudng ray; /,„^: He sd ma sat giua gudc ham va mat lan banh xe F„a,„>Fbam /„, Z ^i > Q-^b Theo nguydn tae thidt kd he thdng ham dau may, toa xe Fha,„ < Ft,,^^ dd tranh hien tugng bd ham sinh trugt Idt banh xe ham Qua trinh trugt eiia toa xe ham (xem hinh 3.1) (pK Ti(at/giay) Afe.svT \ '"^^Ih,, y "aj-d '"ykhih; hum i-.-i.Ti:, l i e (S.111 Ha sCi ma sat t\ i d'la banh xe va ray khitiu* V(KnVh) () 10 -H) ^I 70 911 110 I3() i.'Si) Hinh L Qud trinh phat sinh truat 150 Tap chi K H O A H Q C GIAO THONG V ^ N TAI ft So ^ / He sd bam banh xe voi duong ray ham cho phep thidt kd thidt bj ham: H-0,0078v 14 H/ = , + - ^ hoac v|/ = 0,24.-l + 0,024v v + 10 He sd ma sat fn,s gang tieu chuin: 0,27 v + 100 5V + 100 v: tdc chuydn dgng eua doan tiu (km/h) Khi dd ndu khdng xet ddn quan tinh khdi lugng quay cua banh xe thi ed thd coi lyc ham bang lye ma sat gudc ham •Cham"" Ims'^J^i Khi ZKi tang, thi tdc V giam, he sd ma sat tang ndn Fhamtang Khi Fhamtang gan blng lye bam Fba,„thi sy bam dinh giua banh xe va ray bat dau bj pha hoai, xuat hidn trang thai banh xe lan trugt va trugt cang ldn len - Bd ham lye ham nhd ban lye bam: Dae didm eiia trudng hgp la banh xe vin quay hoae tdn tai trugt ey ly ngan, gay sat thuong nhd banh xe, sau mdt sd quay vdng se hdt, khdng gay Idt banh xe Trudng hgp khdng gay Idt banh xe nhung gay mai mdn gudc bam, hu hdng mat lan banh xe, tang lye can chuydn ddng eiia doan tau Hidn tugng xuat hidn khdi hanh doan tau d cae ga lap tau, ga quay vdng, ga xdp da hang, xi hd dng ham qua ldn, hu hdng van ham, he thdng truydn ddng ham 2.3 Nhung nhiin to anh huong den bo ham toa xe doan tau Theo kdt qua khao sat thdng kd trang thai ky thuat ham doan tau van hanh, nhirng sir ed ham gay ndn trd ngai chay tau la: Hu hdng van ham, hu hdng thidt bj SAB, dudng dng hani chinh, he thdng truydn ddng ham Tat ea nhung bidn tugng, su cd hu hdng trdn la nhan td true tidp, gian tidp lam giam chat lugng kidm tra bao duong, siia ehua thidt bj ham d eac tram kidm tra ky thuat, cac nha may, cac cdng ty chd tao, sira ehua toa xe va xi nghidp sira ehira toa xe 2.3.1 Nhung nhdn to true tiep - Do thidt kd, chd tao, sir dung vat lieu chd tao cac bd phan ehi tidt van ham khdng dam bao yeu cau ky thuat - Do chat lugng kidm tra bao duong, sira ehua thidt bj ham trdn cac tram kidm tra ky thuat, xi nghidp sira chua ham toa xe - Khdng dil vat tu ky thuat eung cap cho cac tram kidm tra, sira ehua thay the kjp thdi sira chiia djnh ky - Do ngudi didu khidn ham van hanh: Didu khidn ham doan tau tryc tiep anh hudng ctdn chat lugng ham, nha ham, bd ham doan tau hoae bd ham mdt sd toa xe doan tau sir dung nhidu loai van ham ed tinh nang tac dung khae 2.3.2 Nhung nhdn to gidn tiep Trinh chuydn mdn vd ham ciia cdng nhan tryc tiep lam cdng tae kidm tra, sira chira ham 6' cac tram cdn chua duge bdi duong, dao tao chuydn mdn hang nam cho phii hgp vdi didu kien T^ chi KHQ4^QC GIAO THQNG VAN TAI So 31 - 09/2010 151 thyc td su' dung thidt bj ham doan tau Thidt bj kidm tra danh gia chat lugng van ham chua thdng nhit toan nganh, chua cd kd hoach kidm tra, bao duong djnh ky thich hgp 2.4 Xae djnh nhirng nguyen nhan va bien phap khSc phuc bo ham toa xe van hanh STT Nguyen nhan gay nen bo ham Trong doan tau su dyng nhidu loai van ham cd tinh nang tac dung khac Do vat tu ky thuat chd tao cac loai van ham khdng dam bao ydu eau ky thuat eho phep Do chat lugng sira ehua thidt bj ham toa xe xi nghidp ehua dam bao nhii'ng ydu cau cho phep Chat lugng kidm tra, bao duong sira ehua ham tren eac tram kidm tra edn tdn tai Do didu khidn ham khdng hgp ly, gid ep dng ham bui ban, nude Thidt bj kidm tra, thii' nghidm tinh nang van ham khdng duge thdng nhat toan nganh Do trinh nghidp vu, chuyen mdn vd ham ciia can bd, cdng nhan true tidp lam cdng tac kidm tra, bao duong ham trdn cac tram kham xe, cae xi nghidp sira chira va cdng nhan lai tau edn bj ban chd Bien phap khde phuc - Tidu chuan hoa van ham sii' dung eho toa xe - Sap xdp thii' tu toa xe sii' dyng van ham tinh nang tac dyng khac hgp ly doan tau Cung cap day du bd phan ehi tidt ham, dam bao tidu ehuan ky thuat thidt kd van ham (Id xo, mang tac dung, gioang lam kin - Tieu chuan hoa mdt sd bg phan chi tidt ham - Nang cao chat lugng cae bd phan ehi tidt sira ehua thay thd van ham: Id xo, gioang, mang, chi tidt bd phan SAB, ndi ham, he thdng truydn ddng hSm, dam bao thdng sd AX, AY, A, e Nang cao chat lugng kidm tra bao duang trdn cac tram: - Thyc hidn nghidm ehinh va day dii quy trinh kham ehua ham - Thyc hidn eac bidn phap dam bao kin lien kdt dng ham (phdng ldng, eai tao gioang, ham ndi) - Didu ehinh tham sd AX, AY, A, e dung quy djnh - Didu khidn ham phai phii hgp vdi tinh nang tae dung tay ham, van ham va loai doan tau khach, hang - Cd quy djnh ey thd chu ky lam saeh bd Ige bui, xa nude thimg gid phu trdn cac tram kidm tra ham - He thdng ham lap van KE phai cai tao thdm bd Igc bui, tach nii'de trdn dudng dng ham chinh ' - Cae thimg gid phy phai ed van xa nude Thidt bj kidm tra, thir nghidm van ham toan nganh phai duge thdng nhat tidu chi: | - Cau tao - Nhung tieu chuan ky thuat dat dugc ciia thidt bj thil' kidm tra danh gia eac loai van ham - Td ehiic nang eao trinh chuyen mdn vd ham ' eho can bd, cdng nhan - Md ldp chuydn 6e gidi thidu vd cau tao, tae dung eac loai thidt bj ham - Gidi thidu phuong phap kidm tra phat hidn hu hdng vd ham va phuong phap sira chua - Thudng xuydn dn tap, thyc hanh, kidm tra nang bac tho (Xem tiip trang 128) Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 31 - 09/2010 khai thac frdn tuydn Vide thidt kd; chd tao eac bd didu tidt didn ap mdi ngoai vide dam bao cac yeu cau ky thuat nhu bd didu tidt DTQ-T694 cdn cd them chiie nang didu tidt ddng didn nap eho ac quy va chdng qua tai maeh didn phu Tir dd keo dai dang kd tudi thg td ic quy Mat khae, vide chd tao bd didu chinh frong nude ed tinh nang boat ddng ehinh xae, dn djnh, tin cay, dd dang didu chinh dai didn ap boat ddng, chdng qua tai cho may phat didn nap ie quy vdi gia khdng cao la thidt thyc nang cao chat lugng khai thac dau may trdn tuyen Bd didu chinh dugc lap dat frdn dau may DlOH-016 sudt thdi gian tir ehinh thiic chay thir nghidm (2.2009 ddn nay), da dugc nganh dudng sat Viet Nam chinh thuc eho phep lap thay thd bang loat cho cae bd didu ehinh trdn cac dau may DIOH ciia nganh Tai lieu tham khiio [1] Dd Viel Dimg, Lai Nggc Dudng, Truang Duy Phiic (1996), Truyen ddng dau may diezel Giao trinh giang day dai hoc truong Dai hpc Giao thong Van tai [2] Dd Viet Dimg, 2001, Nghien cii'u thiet ke che tao bo dieu chinh dien ap tu dong cho diu may Ddng Phong, Thong tin KHKT trudng Dai hoc Giao thdng Van tai [3] Ngd Dien Tap (1996), Do ludng va dieu khien bSng may tinh, NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat [4] Nguyin Xudn Phii, HdXudn Thanh (1996) - Vat lieu ky thuat dien - NXB Khoa hoc ky thuat [5] Li Vdn Doanh ( 2001) - Dien tii' cong suat - NXB Khoa hoc ky thuat [6] Huong din su dung va cac tai lieu ky thuat dau may DIOH Tong Cdng ty Duong sSt Viet Nam» NGHIEN ClTU CAC BIEN PHAP KHA THI (Tiip theo trang 152) IV KET LUAN Ndi dung bai bao da tdng hgp nhirng sy ed doan tau van hanh ham gay va frang thai thiet bj ham trdn cac tram kidm tra ham, ga lap doan tau va nhung toa xe dira vao xi nghidp sira ehua, khai nhirng nhan td anh hudng tryc tidp, gian tidp cho nguyen nhan gay nen bd ham toa xe doan tau van hanh tir dd dua cac bidn phap kha thi khic phuc lam giam sy cd bd ham toa xe frong van h^nh Kdt qua nghidn ciru dd tai gdp phan dao tao can bd nghien cuu, sinh vidn chuyen nganh DMTX Nang cao chat lugng kiem tra, bao dudng sira chiia va trang thai ky thuat ham, lam giam thidu sy ed doan tau bd ham toa xe gay ra, tang nang lyc van chuydn hang boa hanh khach, giam sy chi phi sira chira toa xe va dem lai hidu qua kinh te rat ldn Tai lieu tham khao [1] PGS.TS Vii Duy Lgc De tai Ma sd 094030: "Nghien ciiu xae djnh nguyen nhan va bien phap khSc phuc nhu'ng hien tugng bd ham toa xe qua trinh doan tau van hanh"* 128 Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THQNG VAN i ; ^ r S6 31 - 09/2010 ... Nam cho thay: • Trang thai ham toa xe sau sira ehua xong dua van dung tdt - Trang thai ham toa xe qua trinh van hanh xuat hidn nhidu thidu sdt dan ddn bd ham toa xe gay trd ngai chay tau - He... khdng dam bao lye can thidt dd ep gioang ham ndi lap ghep vdi dieu kidn ap suat gid dp ldn Nhung nguyen nhan gay nen bo ham toa xe van hanh 2.1 Nhung hu hong thiet bi hdm toa xe gdy nen bo ham Kdt... nguydn nhan gay ndn bd ham toa xe van hanh 2.2 Phan loai bo ham toa xe van hanh - Khi lyc ham ldn hon lye bam gay Idt banh xe n F = f ham ^ K J nis / , i /=! Fban, = QWb n Trong dd: /_^K^ - Tdng