ảnh hưởng của các bên liên quan đến mức độ tham gia của người dân trong hoạt động quản lý rác thải ở hà nội

T9P chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN: Khoa hgc Xa hpi va Nhan van T^p 30, S6 (2014) 16-27 ^/Anh hucmg ciia cac ben lien quan din muc (!6 tham gia cua nguai dan hoat dong quan ly rac thai a Ha Noi Nguyin Thi Kim Nhung* Tnrdng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc Xd hgi vd Nhdn vdn, Dgi hgc Qudc gig Hd Ngi, 336Nguyin Trdi, ThanhXudn, HdNgi VietNam Nhan 01 thing nam 2014 Chinh siia 30 thang nSm 2014; Chip nhan dSng 01 thang nam 2014 T6m tit; Quan ly rac thai mu6n hieu qua va ben vihig cSn c6 su tham gia va phfii ket hop cua c^c ben lien quan den hoat dpng nay.frongdo nhin manh den vai fro cua ngucri cung cap dich vu la cong ty/c6ng nhan ve sinh moi truong va nguai sir dung dich vu, dong thai la chu the thai rac ngucri dan D^afrencac ket qua phong van va dieufraxa hpi hgc, bai viet se phan tich nhung anh huong cua cdc ben lien quan den sy iham gia ciia nguoi dan hoat dpng phSn loai, thu gom va xu ly rac thai, bao gom: cong nhan ve sinh moi tmong, nhom ty quan co so truang th6n/t6 tmong td dan pho, doan the xa hpi, nhom thu mua ph€ lieu phi chinh thiic va chinh quyen cap quan/ huyen, phuong/xa Tii do, de xuit mpt s6 khuyen nghj tang cucmg su tham gia ciia cac ben lien quan nhJim nang cao su tham gia ciia nguai d^ ho^t dpng quan ly rac thai o Ha Npi Tir khda Quan ly rac thai, ric thai, sif tham gia, nguoi dan, cac ben lien quan Quan \f rac thai la mgt ho?t dong mang ti'nh he thong, dd, moi qua trinh boat dpng la mpt tieu he thong, bao gom: phan loai, thu gom, van chuyen, xii ly, tai che va lai sir dyng rac Cac tiiu hi thong co moi lien he tuong tdc, anh huong lan frong viec thuc hi?n muc tieu chung dam bao cho ca h? thong quan ly rac thai ho?it dpng m^t each bin vimg [I] Ho^l dgng quan Iy rac thai tai cac quoc gia dang phat frien g$p nhieu kho khan hon so vol cac qu6c gia phat frien nhung yeu to ve the che, xay dyng va thuc hi^n chinh sach, su tham gia ciia nguoi dan, m6i quan he giita cac ben Win quan Irong vi?c Ihyc hi?n quan Iy rSc thai; va nhiing van de ve trang thiet hi cong nghe lac hau hay DT 84-976571186 Email kimiihung86Hgmail.com van de thieu tai chinh ngan sdch de trien khai cac hoai dpng quan ly rac thai hieu qua [2-5] Tai Ha Npi, dan so m^t lang cao da keo theo cdc van de phat sinh frong moi truong thi, vi the ciu' co nhiing giai phap mang tinh cpng dong tii ducri len fren (bollom-up), ket hgp vai nhiing giai phap tu fren xu6ng ducri (topdown) Cdc giai phdp tir cgng d6ng nhdn m^nh den vai fro va su tham gia cua cac ben lien quan ca he th6ng qudn Iy rac thai, frong cac hg gia dinh, dii voi tir each cd nhan timg tiianh vien hay sue m^nh cua l|p thi cgng d6ng till ciing d^u quan trpng viec thai rdc, phan loai, thu gom va tdi chg Tuy nhien, khong th6 phii nhan ton t^i moi quan he tuong tac giiia cac ben tham gia frong hoat dgng quan ly rdc thai Su tham gia manh hay yeu cua nhom hg gia .V T.K Nhung / Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN: Khoa hocXa hoi va Nhan van Tap 30 So (2014) 16-27 Tphu Ihugc vao muc dO tham gia ciia cdc to |vao cpng dong Nhiing to chirc se ' dpng nguoi dan tham gia, to chirc viec gidm sdi thuc hien va kit n6i vdi cac ben Hen quan khdc t^ii khu dan cu Ben canh do, vai tro ciia cap chinh quyen dja phucmg cung quan frong viec ihi hanh cac chinh sach, to :ac chiln dich gido due van dpng tai cOng hay ho trg va iing hg su tham gia hoat ciia cdc to chiic doan the xa hgi hay cOng dong dan cu [6] B Su tham gia ciia nguoi dSn frong hoat dpng quan Iy rdc thai chiu anh hudng cua nhidu yeu to khac nhau, gom cac yeu to thupc ve cd nhan (gioi tinh, trinh hgc vin, tam ly - tam the cd nhan), cac ylu tl xd hpi (thdi quen c6ng d6ng, chinh sach/the che) va cdc yeu to thudc vi nhiing ben lien quan ciing tham gia boat dpng quan ly rac thai Trong pham vi bai viet I, tac gia di sau phan tich su tdc dpng ciia cac ben lien quan, gdm nhdm cdng nhan v? sinh mdi trudng, nhdm ty qudn ca sd vdi d^i di?n la frudng Ihon/td truong td ddn phd, cdc doan the xa hpi, nhdm tu nhan thu mua phe lieu phi chinh thirc, chinh quyen cac cap, den miic dp tham gia ciia ngudi dan frong boat dpng phan loai, thu gom va xii ly rac thai tai khu vyc npi Ha Npi (quan Hoan Kiem) vd khu vyc ngoai (huyen O'ng Hda) Xuit phat tir quan diem nhin nhan cgng ddng nhu mgt hi thing cd cac lieu he thing, tuong ung mdi tilu he thing I^ limg chii the lien quan frong hoat dpng quan \f rdc tliai, tdc gia lim hieu vai fro cua cdc ben lien quan nhu mpt tieu he thdng H H l a p va frong mdi quan he tac ddng qua Iai ' Bai viet Sii dpng bp so li^u cua dc tai nghign ciJu "Sv tham gia cua ngiicri dan ho?t dgng quan ly rac thai ^ ^ ^ b a o phat trien b^n virng thj" (nghien ciiu trucmg J quan Hoan Kiem (Phucmg H ^ g Ma va Phan Chu ITnnh) va huy?n IJ'ng Hoa (xfl Cao Thanh va Lien Bat)) • cihi thirc hi?n dieu tra bang hoi voi 420 maiL l a n sau: 22 trudtig hvp, thao luan nhom: Th6n vdi tiSu hi thdng ngudi ddn Tir do, de xuat nhiing giai phdp ddi vdi cac tieu h | ihdng cua cdc ben lien quan nham tdng cudng su tham gia cua ngudi dan frong boat ddng quan \f rdc thai, dam bdo cho hoai dpng frd nen ben viing va hieu qua tai cgng dong Nhdm cong nhSn vf sinh moi tmotig La mdt frong hai nhdm lien quan tryc tiep (theo chiic nang dugc quy dinh frong ITnh vyc cdng ich d dd thi) den hoat ddng phan lo^i, thu gom va xii Iy rac thdi, nhdm cdng nhan ve sinh mdi trudng dugc xem Id nhan to quan trgng nhat cd dnh hudng den su tham gia ciia ngudi dan Ddi vdi cac huyen ngo^i thanh, dgi thu gom rdc thai duoc hinh qua hinh thirc dku thau Thudng thi tai mdi thdn, se cd mpt ngudi dan diing dau thdu viec thu gom rdc thai frong thon, sau se tuyen cdc vien ciia ddi Hoat ddng ciia ddi dya tren Hop ddng lao ddng giiia dpi thu gom va Ban quan Iy Thdn frong dd cd quy dinh cu Xhi thdi gian va dia diem Ihu gom rac tir cac hd gia dinh Viec thuc hien cac quy dinh ndy ciia doi thu gom nhu the nao deu c6 dnh hudng tdi qud trinh tham gia cua ngudi dan Chdng han, tai thdn Luu Khe, xa Lien Bat (huyen LTng Hda), theo f kiln ngudi ddn, dpi thu gom d dSy hoat ddng khdng diu, khdng hgp ly, khien lugng rdc bi ddn li, gay anh hudng den mdi trudng ve sinh ciia Ihon D6i thu gom khdng day xe den gdn cdc nhd frong thdn, thdi gian dimg lai de thu gom lai qua ngan khien ngudi dan khdng kjp dem rac dd '•Mgi ngudi xung quanh nhd em deu nhdn thay mdy chi khdng vao tan day de thu gom, cac xom khdc vao tan ncri ma xdm minh thi di nhanh ldm Cd nghe Ihay tieng chudng N T.K Nhung Tap chi Klioa hgc DHQGHN: Khoa ligc Xa hpi va Nhdn van, Tgp 30 S6 (2014) 16-27 I I vgi vdng ho^c minh dang ban chay khong dli hg di ludn Hg khdng cd gid cd dinh, ^ f e nhilu viec Iam d nhd sudt dugc dl ma canh" [PVS sl 20, nii, 27 tudi, npi frg] Trong do, theo sd lieu khao sat, viec thu I rdc thai d thdn Cao Ldm (xa Cao Thanh) ni^u qua cao ban so vdi thon Luu Khe, ma nguyen nhan chinh Id boat dgng ciia ddi thu ^ ^ d thdn Cao Lam cd phdn hieu qua va hgp "lylion Mpt ylu id khac, Id su quan lam, chia se cua ngudi ddn doi vdi cac vien cua dpi thu gom r ^ d dja phuong k "Nhilu ong gia, cd I tudn lai cho bpn chi lan udng nudc, nhidu ngudi nhu thi ddy Cd nhiing ngudi it rac ma van thuong bpn chi Cd dng dua 15 nghin cho cac chi mua kem Sn mdy hdm ndng nyc Day ciing Id m^l ddng vidn ldn" [PVS sd 11, niir, 32 tudi, cdng nhdn thu gom rdc] Mdi quan h^ giua mdt ben Id ngudi tao ngudn thai rac vd mflt ben la djch vu ihu gom se I phdn dat hi^u qud cao cdng viec, nlu hai hin vita hodn tbanh nhiem vu ciia minh lyira t^o dieu kien vd dnh hudng lich cue fben ddi tdc Tuy nhien cd hai dgi thu gom thupc hai thon ndy diu can cd Ihu nh^ cao hon, H ^ H ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ I a o dgng vat vd va mdi tnrdng "1dm "vi^c "khdng thugn Igi cua hp Vi?c ddu tu ^ • c d c n y i g thilt bi va bao hg lao dpng, nhu ^ ^ P ^ ^ l gdng tay, quan do, khdu trang hay I^hd dd bao hiem nghe nghiep ciing Id nhirng |td cd anh hudng din linh lich cyc boat ddng ^Ttiiugom rdc, tii dnh hudng tdi chit lugng I thu gom rdc thdi d (fia phuong .Khdc vdi cac huyen ngoai thdnh, d cdc quan I thdnh Hd Ngi, vien dgi thu gom rac \ Id cdng nhdn ciia Cdng ty vd sinh mdi J Hd Npi (URENCO) Hg dugc hudng Ichd dg ban so vdi nhiing thdnh vidn ciia Ithu gom cua cac Ihdn ngoai Thyc tl Ihay phdn Idn ngudi dan phudng Phan Chu I Trinh da dimg viec phan loai rac theo chucmg trinh 3R dugc friln khai tai dia ban, don gian vi hg nhin thdy cdng nhdn ve sinh mdi tnidng sau thu gom rac da dd gdp chung hai thiing rdc xanh va vang md ngudi dan phdn logi Ben cgnh do, dy dn 3R cdn boat ddng, thinh thoang cdng nhan ve sinh moi trudng cdn diingtiictryc ben cgnh thiing r ^ , cimg vdi cdn bd dodn thd nhdc nhd ngudi ddn thuc hien diing theo ydu cdu, thi ddn nay, hogt dpng cung chdm diit Ngudi dan mdt Idng tin vdo trdch nhiem ciia nhdm cdng nhdn ve sinh mdi trudng Day Id bang chung ro nhdt ve anh hudng ciia nhdm cdng nhdn vd sinh mdi tnrong tdi su tham gia cda ngudi ddn frong hoat ddng phan loai rac thdi; vd xa hon la tdi tinh bin vung cua nhiing dy an cdng ddng tuong ty nhu dy an 3R tgi thli Ha Ndi "Vira rii bgn bac thic mac thi ngudi la bdo, neu tdi phan loai xong, cdc anh di thu gom Igi dd irum vdo mdt xe thi chiing tdi khdng phan loai niia vi cha cd gid trj gi Hidn tai nhieu hg chi cd xe vdng rdi cho hdt rac vao dd chd di Cdn nhiing ndm trudc, de phan logi cdng ty cdn cii cdc anh chj cdng nhdn vi sinh moi trudng ciing diing ddy giam sat Hp cung minh Iam" [PVS sd 8, nam, 68 tudi, nghi huu] Ngoai ket qud bdng hdi va quan sdt ndy, tdc gid tidn hdnh cac xii \f thdng ke dinh lugng nhdm tim hieu cd lon tai hay khdng mdi quan he giiia hai bidn sd vd hudng ciia mdi quan he bdng phdp ludng he sd tuong quan r (Pearson Correlation Coefficient) Ket qua dd chi ra: ton lgi mdi tuong quan giiia miic dp tham gia cua cdng nhdn ve sinh mdi trudng va ciia ngudi ddn hoat dgng phan Ioai2 va hoat dpng thu gom rdc lhai3 Dd la mdi quan he Ihuan, theo neu miic dd tham gia c i i a ^ ^ H nhan ve sinh mdi trudng cang cao thi mfrcdg tham gia ciia ngudi dan ciing cao, va ngugc Iai ^ He so nicmg quan Pearson = 0.350; muc y nghia = 0.005 H? so nrong quan Pearson = 0.291: miic y nghia = 0,000 .\:T.K Nhung Tgp chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN: Khoa hoc Xa hpi va Nhdn vdn Tdp 30 So (2014) 16-27 Vi the, de ngudi ddn cd the tham gia chii ddng va hidu qua hon cdc hogl dgng qudn Iy rac thai, rat can sy tham gia tich cyc ciia cdng nhdn vd sinh mdi trudng frong cung cap dich vy thu gom, van ehuydn rac thai diing quy dinh Nhdm ti^ quan d co sd: tnrong thon/td trudng to ddn Sau ngudi ddn va nhdm cdng nhan ve sinh mdi trudng To trudng td ddn phd hoac Trudng thdn ddng vai frd kha quan trpng frong viec ddn ddc, gidm sdt va nhic nhd ngudi dan tham gia phan logi, thu gom va xii Iy rdc theo diing quy dinh Nhthig khu ddn cu cd su quan tdm va dgng vien khuyen khich cua Id Irudng id dan phd/tnrdng thdn thudng xuyen thi cdng tdc ndy se thu dugc kit qua theo chieu hudng tich cyc hon Ngugc lgi, ndu nhdm can bg ty quan khdng quan tam den cdng tdc ve sinh mdi frudng vd hogt ddng phdn loai tbu gom rac thai thi boat dpng ndy sd khdng the dat hieu qua cao Cdc sd lidu khdo sdt cung cho thdy cd mdi tuong quan thudn chieu giua muc tham gia cua ngudi ddn vd ciia td Irudng id ddn phd/tnrdng ihdn hogt ddng thu gom rdc thdi4 Neu td trudng td dan phd/trudng Ihdn tham gia cdng tich cyc thi miic dp tham gia cua ngudi ddn hogt dpng thu gom rac thai cung cao hon Cdc ndi dung phdng van sdu cung cho thdy rd hon ve mdi quan he ndy Trong nhidu trudng hgp ngudi trudng thdn/ld trudng to ddn phi dang dong vai tro Id thii ITnh cua nhdm (khdng chinh thirc) Neu cd uy tin cao frong cgng ddng, chac chan hg cd thd huy dpng sy tham gia tich cyc ciia ngudi dan frong cdc hogt dpng chung nhu Ihu gom rac thai Hogt ddng ddi hdi fr'nh ty gidc cao vd chii ydu dya tren sy huy dgng todn dan cimg tham gia Tuy nhien, vai trd quan ly cua trudng •" H? so tuang quan Pearson = 0,339: miic j ' nghia = 0.000 thdnAd trudng td ddn phd vd qud trinh tu quan ndy d cdc dia ban nghien ciiu thudng khdng gidng Ddi vdi Ihdn Luu Khd vd thdn Cao Lam, ban ldnh dao thdn la nhimg ngudi cd quydn va trdch nhiem cao nhat frong hogt d^ng Ihu gom rac thai Trudng thdn la ngudi td chiic cdc cugc hpp nhdn dan dd lay y kien ve van de thu gom rac thdi; la ngudi tryc tilp kf hgp ddng vdi dpi thu gom, vdi cac quy dinh vd ngdy gid va each thiic thu gom The nhung, cdch Ihiic qudn ly va miic dg quan ldm cua trudng thdn cdng vide ndy d hai thdn Cao Lam vd Luu Khe Igi cd sy khac biel Mdi bdn dugc ngudi ddn ddnh gid cao, cd uy tin cgng ddng, cdn mgt bdn Igi cd each Iam vide thidu minh bach va hidu qua thip vide ddng vien cgng ddng tham gia hoai dgng Ihu gom rdc thdi dting quy dinh "Theo tdi dng trudng thdn phdi didu hdnh phd thdn di cac xdm ddn ddc dpi thu gom di thu gom thudng xuyen hon, rdi ydu cau cdc nhd chi di tip trung rac d tai nhd rdi cd kdng mdi mang Hidn khong cd ddn ddc Di hgp chi bg tdi cung ndi rdt nhidu, dng trudng thdn trudc rdt hay ddn ddc cdn dng thi kd, khdng bdu ngudi lam tdt hon ?" [PVS sd 22, nam, 58 tudi, Iam rugng, thdn Luu Khe] Ngay ca ngudi dan thdc mdc ve miic ddng tidn phi ve sinh (1.500d/khiu/thdng) hay • thic mic vk viec xe chd rdc khdng di ddn timg ngd ngach thdn xdm, thi ban Idnh dao thdn cung khdng co sy gidi ddp cu thd vd rd rang, khiln cho ngudi ddn cd phdn ung tieu cue, khdng mudn ddng phi ve sinh "Em khdng hidu vi em mdi I tudi md phai ddng phi ve sinh mdi trudng Khdng hieu ndn em di hdi bac hay di thu lien, la bac phd thdn nhung bac dy cung cti bdo Id phdi ddng theo quy dinh thdi, chii cQng chd ndi ro rang cho em gi ca'" [PVS sd 20, nii, 27 tudi, ndi trg, thdn Luu Khd] V T.K Nhung Tgp chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN Khoa hgcXa hoi va Nhdn vdn Tap 30 Sd (2014) 16-27 Ben canh dd nhiing quy dinh frong Hgp ddng cam ket giiia tnrdng thdn vd dpi thu gom cua thdn Luu Khe khdng ghi rd rang cdc dieu khodn cu thi, so vdi bdn hgp ddng ciia Ihdn Cao Ldm Didu lam giam hidu qud ciia vide thyc hien trdch nhiem ctia mdi bdn frong hogt dgng thu gom rac thdi ctia thdn Ddng thdi, Irudng thdn vd ban Idnh dgo thdn khdng tao dugc Idng tin irong nhan dan, khdng cd uy lin cpng ddng ihi hg gdp nhidu kho khdn frong vide huy dgng sire dan "Trudng thdn d day cung cd nhdc nhd gi mdy ddu Cdc dng y di qua thdy rdc thdi cung chi ndi qua loa rdi Igi thdi ihi Idm ngudi ta chju ldm" [PVS so 21, nir, 55 tudi, Iam rugng thdn Liru Khd] Nhu vdy, cd thd thay ring nhdm ly qudn d CO sd cd vai frd khdng nhd viec van ddng sy tham gia ciia ngudi dan frong boat ddng quan ly rdc thai CJ ddy, nhdm ty quan khdng chi ddng vai frd Id ngudi thudng xuydn kidm fra, gidm sdt qud trinh thyc hien ihu gom rdc thai ciia cdng nhan ve sinh mdi trucmg ma cdn la nhiing ngudi phdi ddn ddc, hudng ddn ngudi ddn dja bdn khu dan cu minh qudn ly thuc hidn phdn logi, thu gom va xii ly rac thai diing theo quy dinh ddm bao vd sinh mdi irudng Nhiing bdng chiing dugc chi phdn vidt dd cho thdy nhihig dia phuong cd dpi ngii tu qudn boat dpng cang n'ch cyc thi sy tham gia ciia ngudi dan frong boat dgng quan ly rac thdi cang cao He qua la hogt dpng bdo ve mdi trudng d dia phuong dd ciing cd hieu qua nhidu ban so vtji cdc dja phuong khdc fioan the xS hgi Dodn thd xd hgi Id cdc id chiic chinh fri - xd hdi nhu Mat Iran td qudc, Hgi phu nii, Doan nidn Hgi Ndng ddn dugc hinh thdnh lai cdng ddng ddn cu vdi cac vien chinh Id nhiing ngudi ddn cdng ddng Nlu nhu Irudng thdn/td trudng Id dan phd cd vai frd chi dgo, len ke hogch va dua cac yeu cdu, quy dinh de thuc hidn chinh sach ciia phd/ qudn, huyen thi doan the xS hdi cd vai trd ddng vien ngudi dan thyc hien Trdn thuc tl hogt ddng ciia cac doan thd xa hdi tai phudng Phan Chu Trinh, bdn cgnh td trudng td ddn phi, boat ddng phan logi rac thai cd hieu qua tir nhiing ngdy ddu tridn khai Id sy nhiet tinh vdo cugc cua cdc dodn the xa hdi dac bidt Id ciia ban ty qudn frong mdi khu dan cu Theo Quy dinh 02 ciia UBND Ha Ndi, mii khu ddn cu ciia qudn Hodn Kidm se cd mpt Ban ly quan gdm vien Tgi phudng Phan Chu Trinh, cac vien ddi ty qudn chu ylu Id cdc cdn bO ciia Mdt Iran Td quoc, Hdi phu nii To trudng - td phd ddn phd Nhiem vu cda dpi ty qudn la nhae nhd vd giam sat ngudi dan thyc hidn diing quy djnh phan logi rac thai vdo thimg vang vd xanh Khdng the phii nhgn vai frd lich cyc ciia ban ty qudn hdgt ddng ndy tai phudng Phan Chu Trinh, song tinh bdn vting thdp ciia dy an 3R ciing vdi sy thilu hgp Iy frong cdng ldc quan Iy nha nudc cdng chi phdi hieu qua hoat dgng ciia ddi ty quan d ddy "Trdch nhiem ciia td trudng ddn phd hay cdc dodn the xa hdi, td ty qudn ihi phdi yeu cdu nhdn ddn thuc hidn nhimg dang ndy quy djnh chd phy cap nho nhd, bit huge mdi khu ddn cu phdi lgp mdt dpi ngudi bdng dd, tdt cd mgi ngudi ddu phdn ddi ngudi la ddu khdng mudn di, khdng mudn nhdn phu cdp nho nhd Chung tdi nhan tidn diy cung cha thich, din phien den ngdy phdi di, ma khdng chi di budi, di nhic nhd trdi tu ldi ddn canh thimg rdc dl van ddng md luc dd Id gid com nudc, philn ldm" [PVS sl nti, 67 tudi, nghi huu] "Van cd ngudi tich cue Idm nhung neu chi can ddng vien bp thi cdn tdt hem nira Dpng N TK Nhung Top chi K)ioa hgc DHQGHN Khoa hpcXa hgi vd Nlidn van Tap 30 So (2014) 16-27 vidn quan trpng Iam Chung thuc cho hp Iam tich cyc, thudng 50 nghin cung quf rdi Vdn di quan frpng Id mgi ngudi phdi ghi nhdn, phdi biet, cd chi cdn bidu duong d tdp thd, thdm may chuc vd chirng nhdn dng ba ndy tich cyc Id hg cam thdy phdn khdi hon rdi" [PVS sd 8, nam, 68 tudi, nghi huu] Ben cgnh do, van cd nhiing dia ban nghien cuu cdn thidu cdc hogt dgng hd trg hay cac phong frao cita dodn the xd hdi, ddc bidt la thidu vang sy iham gia cua Dodn nidn Cdc kdi qua phdng vdn sau cho thiy f thiic cua nhdm ngudi frd ludi thip hon nhiing ngudi ldn tudi "Thanh nien cdm til cd cha phdn loai vut biim vao thiing, nd virt rdi minh cung chd giup de phan loai dugc Cd nam ca nii ddu the Ddi tugng nien cdn phai tap trung tuyen truyen" [PVS sd 8, nam, 68 tudi, nghi huu] Nhin chung, cdc Ihong tin thu thgp dugc qua trinh phdng vin sdu vd thdo ludn nlidm tgp Irung dudi dja ban nghien cim da cho thay, Hdi phy nO:, Hdi cuu chiln binh, Mgt tr$n Id quoc va Hpi ngudi cao tudi Id nhthig dodn the xd hpi cd cdc hogl dpng tich cue nhidu hon so vdi cac doan the khac irong vide vdn ddng ngudi ddn tham gja prfidn logi thu gom vd xu ly rdc thdi Trong dd Doan nien Igi khdng cd nhieu hogt dpng dd huy dpng cdc dodn vidn nidn dja bdn khu ddn cu tham gia thudng xuyen vd hieu qua hogt dpng qudn Iy rac thai He qud Id thidu vdng su tham gja cua doan vien nienfronghoat dpng quan ly rac thai tai dia phudng frong dd cac nguydn nhdn dugc chi cho su thidu ving ngodi ydu td thdi gian, ban lam an kiem them Ihu nhip Ihi cdn sy hgn chd vd y thiic tgp Ihd va y thiic bao ve mdi tnidng ciia nhom nien Nhdm ngudi di mua bdn phe li^u Trong boi canh khu vuc nhd nudc khdng du khd ndng ddp ung cdc yeu cdu ve dich vy qudn ly rdc thai, sy xudt hidn ciia nhQng ngudi tai chd rac tu nhdn, cdng ty thu gom rac tu nhdn Id didu khdng thi franh khoi [7-9], Nhdm ngudi di mua ban dd cii dugc xem la nhdm phi chinh thiic tham gia frong hoat d§ng quan Iy rdc thdi Hg Id nhirng ngudi di mua bdn sat thep vun, chai lp, bao bi nilon, vd lon bia, ddng nhdm, hay cac dyng cy nhu ddi, tivi, mdy vi tinh Cdng vide cua hg Id di thu mua nhihig vat dung ke fren tir cdc hd gia dinh, cd nhdn, co quan sau dd dem bdn Igi cho cdc dgi 1;^, cira hdng thu mua phd lidu Phdn Idn nhihig ciia hdng hay dai Iy ndy cung Id cdc nhdm tu nhdn phi chinh ihiic Nhiing ngudi thu mua phe lieu phi chinh thiic ddi hdi sy kidn tri, ben bi Hinh anh ciia hg gan lien vdi quang ganh, cai can, bao lai hay chiec xe dap va tieng rao mua phe lifu Nhdm ngudi cd nhiing dac tnmg sau ddy: • Thudng Id phu nii • Ld nhiing ngudi ngheo • Cd vi Iri xa hgi thap • Phdn Itjn Id lir ndng thdn, di ldm theo kieu di cu lao ddng "con lac", het miia vy ldn d dd thi, den miia vy lai ve que • Cd nhung ddng gdp dang kd Igi i'ch kinh te va mdi trudng • Phai chiu nhiing chi phi x3 hdi Idn vd thidt thdi hon so vdi cdc nhdm xd hdi khdc d dd thj [10] d nhiing nudc dang phat frien nhdm ngudi ndy thudng di thu mua nhiing rdc thdi cd the tai chd dugc, nham tao thu nhap cho bdn thdn, nhung ddng thdi ciing ddng gdp khdng nhd frong vide phdn loai, xu Iy vd tdi che rdc thdi, Idm gidm di nhiing bai rdc Id thien, hay dien tich ddt de chdn lap rdc thai [11] Trong hogt ddng nay, phu nii ddng vai trd quan trgng Tgi nhilu nudc dang phat frien, phu nii va frd em la lyc lugng chii ydu tham gia vao hogl dgng tai che rdc thdi Phdn \dn nhiing cdng vide cd thu .\ TK Nhung i Tgp chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN- Khoa hgc Xd hgi va Nhdn van Tgp 30 S6 (2014/ 16-27 nhdp thip frong cdc qud tiinh quan ly rac thai ddu phy nu dam nhdn Thuc td ciing chju dnh hudng tii nhiing dinh kidn xd hgi va cdc chuan myc vdn hda - xa hdi [12] Viet Nam cung khdng phai trudng hgp ngogi I? so vdi cac nudc dang phdt fridn khac Khdng thi phu nhdn nhiing ngudi di thu mua phd li?u ndy dd ddng mdt vai frd quan trpng hoat dpng quan Iy rdc thdi, ddc bidt frong vide tai chd rdc thai lir cac hd gia dinh lgi cdc thj ldn nhu Ha Npi [13] Lugng rdc thai dugc tai chd tir cdng vide thu mua phe Ii?u chiem khoang 8,8% ldng so rac thai dugc ldi chl tai Hd Ndi [II] Khdng chi tao thu nhgp cho ban than, nhdm thu mua phd lidu cdn ddng gdp khdng nhd vao vide phat tridn kinh Id va lam gidm thieu rdc thdi, tdng cudng tdi chd rdc hieu qud cdc khu dd thi Trdn thyc Id, nhdm phi chinh thiic da chia se trdch nhiem vd gdnh n$ng vtiri ngudi ddn dd thj vd cdc hdn cd lien quan hogt dgng quan ly rac thai, giiip gidm hat nhiiTig chi phi cho xii ly, phdn loai va ldi che rdc, giam quy dat cho chdn lip rdc thai Nhu da de cgp d fren mgt cac each phdn logi rdc thai dugc nhidu ngirdi ddn lua chpn Id lpc nhiing chai lg nhya, bdo bia dd dem ban cho ngudi thu mua phd lieu Cau hoi ddi Id ndu khdng cd nhdm thu mua phi lidu till ngudi ddn co lpc nhirng loai rac cd the tdi che khdng? Ndu lgc rdi thi lilp theo hp sd xii ly nhu thd nao? R5 rdng, nhdm thu mua phd lieu khdng chinh thuc khdng chi cd vai trd quan trpng frong ca he thdng qudn I^ rdc thai md cdn cd nhung dnh budng nhii djnh din hanh vi phan loai rdc thai ciia ngudi dan ddtinhidn n^ Phdn Idn nhiing ngudi thu mua phi lidu cd thd cdi thidn dieu kien kinh tl va ddi sdng cda ^ ^ dinh tai qud nhd Khdng it tnrdng hgp cd thd xdy nha, nudi Sn hgc, trang trai nhidu chi ^ p khdc, thgm chi trd ndn gidu cd Tuy nhidn, cugc song ctia hp cung gdp khdng it khd khdn Nghd nghidp ciia hg thudng gan lien vdi "rdc thai", "ddng nat" , vdi thu nhgp bap bdnh va khdng dugc coi trpng frong cdc nhdm nghd, thgm chi cdn bi I^ Ihj, bj dd loi cho viec gay nhidm mdi trudng va canh quan dd thj "Ha Npi bj d nhidm nhu hidn phdn nhidu khdng phdi ngudi Ha Ngi dau md Id nhiing ngudi tir noi khdc den Ndo la ngudi gitip vi^c, ngudi bdn hang rong, ngudi dong ndt Hp loan Id ddn nhdp cu, lai khdng co nhgn thdc ddy du ve mdi trudng nen mdi hay xd rac hodc viit rdc bu:a bdi" [Thdo luan nhom tgi phudng Phan Chu Trinh] Ngugc lai, day Id tdm su cua mdt ngudi thu mua phi lidu: "May ngudi cu cd thai dg khinh Ihuong cac cd chir ndi that khdng cd cac co ihi Ha N^i ndy ngap rdc roi Thd khdng cd cdc cd tudn xem, rac ddy dudng, rdi d nhiem vd ban thiu hon bay gid nhidu y chii, Nhieu ngudi cdthdi dd khdng dting Idm vdi cac cd Cd lan cd mua dugc mdy chyc can giay m§t ngdy, di qua chdng may va vdo mgt ba md bd dy td th^ dg ngay, mdng cac cd Id di cdng kdnh, mdt hinh anh dd thj" [PVS sd 24, nii:, 51 tudi, ngudi thu mua phi lidu] Thiel nghi, cdn cd nhiing nghien ciru chuyen sau ve nhdm ngudi Iam nghd ndy de thdy rd nhOng ddng gdp vl kinh te, mdi trudng cua hg, cung nhu nhdn didn chan dung xa hgi ciia hg nhu mgt nhdm nghd nghiep - di cu tgi cdc thi nudc ta hidn Chfnh quyen cap phutmg/xa Sy tham gia ciia ngudi dan hogt dgng qudn Iy rac thai chju dnh hudng gian lidp tir nhiing quan diem chi dao, dinh hudng hoat dgng ciia cdc cip chinh quydn qugn/huydn, phudng/xd Tu nhGng djnh hudng chi dgo nay, cdc CO quan doan till vd cac Td tu qudn d co sd A" T K Nhung ' Tgp chi Klioa hgc DHQGHN: Khoa hgc Xa hgi va Nlidn vdn Tap 30 So (2014) 16-27 se cd nhiing chuong trinh vd hanh ddng cu the tuydn truydn, van ddng ngudi ddn iham gia Su quan tam cua cdc cdp chinh quydn ddng vai frd quan frpng dl cdc hogt ddng vd sinh mdi tnrdng t£d dia phucmg frd ndn hidu qua Vai trd cua chinh quyen dugc the hidn trudc hdt d vi?c thdng qua ngdn sach cua dia phuong chi cho boat dpng quan ly rdc thai "Huyen chia lien ve sinh mdi trudng ve cac xa, xudng xd Iai chia ddu vd cac thdn Vide didu hanh ihyc hien cu thd Ihi thdn phu trach Xd day mgnh cdng ldc tuyen truyen qua truydn thanh, h$i nghi hgp ddn, tuydn truydn ndng cao nhgn thtic ngudi ddn, nang cao tinh than cua chinh quydn vd ngudi thu gom" [PVS sl 16, nam, 42 tuoi, cdn bd xd] Bdn canh dd, chinh quydn cd vai trd djnh hudng chi dgo vide trien khai thuc hidn hoat dpng quan ly rdc thai tai cdc dia bdn khu ddn cu "Phudng chi hudng ddn ngudi ddn, chii khdng cd nhifm vu di theo hg dd bidt hp Idm gl Phudng tuydn tniyen Ihudng xuydn, phdi ndi Id cdc hgi vao cupc tuong doi tich cyc, cdn bd CO sd phudng cin dl cao trdch nhidm, chd may phudng Idm dugc phan cdng Id trudng diing cgnh thiing rdc, xem lam diing chua" [PVS so 6, nil, 46 ludi, cdn bd phudng] "Hdng ndm cd xdy dyng kl hogch ddm bdo thuc hidn trdt tu thi, giao thdng vd mdi trudng frdn dja bdn, fridn khai ddn cdn bp co sd phudng, tir can bp co sd din cac ngdnh, dodn the phudng c6 he thong dai truydn thanh, tdng cudng hd thing phdt tren phudng " [PVS sd 4, nam, 50 tudi, can bp phudng] Tuy nhien, ngirdi ddn cung cd nhiing y kien trdi chidu vd hogt dpng ciia cdc cap chinh quydn frong vide chi dgo, dinh hudng thuc hidn quan \f rdc thdi "Hien ndi cho dung frong cdng tdc lanh dgo, chi dgo chi n$ng vd phong trao, khdng di vao true tiep vin de vi du nhu van dd rdc thai the nao Ldm vd sinh chinh quydn cap co sd tii qugn trd xudng cii cd phong trdo thi lam thdi rdi keu ggi ddn lam mgi hdi chu cdn nd di ddn ddu, Idm dugc miic dd nao thi chua di ddnh gid thuc chit dau, ddnh gja ve sd lugng thdi" [PVS sd 1, nara, 67 tudi, nghi hiru] "Tdi thdy cdc dng phan phdi ngan sdch chia ddu cac thdn Id khdng hgp ly vi thdn ddng ngudi cd the bang thdn it ngudi Ma cdc dng Cling Idy tien ngdn sdch ddy ldm viec gi Idm chiing tdi bidt dugc " [Thao lugn nhdm lai thdn Luu Khd] Mac du vdy, vide chi dgo, hudng ddn cd hidu qua cua chuih qi^en la rdt quan frpng vide tridn khai cd hidu qua cac hogt ddng va tgo niem tin ngudi ddn van dpi^ hg ihyc hidn diing cac quy dinh ve quan Iy rdc tiiai Mot so giai phdp nhSm tang cudng sy tham gia cua ngirdi dan hogt ddng quan ly rdc thai dd thi Xuat phat tir nhiing phdn tich trdn day, cd thd thdy ring cdc ben lidn quan ddng vai trd la nhiing nhdn td anh hudng den mtic dp tham gia ciia ngudi ddn frong hoat dpng quan \f rdc thai, du d nhimg miic dp anh hudng tryc tiep hay gian tidp Dya frdn co sd nhiing phdn ti'ch ndy, tdc gia dd xual mdt so giai phdp, frong do, nhdn manh ddn vai frd cua timg bdn lidn quan nham ddm bao cho cd he thdng cpng ddng phdi tridn hdi hda qud frinh qudn ly rdc thai hudng tdi muc lieu phatfridnben viing thi Thli nhdt, tdng tidu hd thdng/bp phdn cd he thdng cpng ddng phdi lam diing trdch nhiem ciia minh trcmg boat ddng quan ly rdc thai (i) Ngudi dan phai thuc hien nghiem tuc cdc quy dinh ve thu gom rac thai, khuyen khich nhiing dia ban chua cd chucmg trinh phdn loai rac (rac hiiu co va rdc vd co) hodc tidp tyc tri hogt ddng phdn logi rdc da hinh thdnh theo thdi quen, dd Id lgc cdc rac cd the tdi chd (gidy bdo, bia, chai lp nhya ) dd tap hgp cho 24 -\ T-f; Miung Tgp chi Klioa hgc DHQCHN: Khoa hgc Xd hgi vd Nhdn vdn Tgp 30, Sd (2014) 16-27 ngudi thu mua phd lieu Bdn canh do, ngudi ddn can xdc djnh rd vai frd quan trpng ciia minh hogt dpng qudn ly rdc thai ndi chung vd qud trinh xdy dung cac chinh sach, quy dinh ddi vdi quan iy rac thdi ndi rieng, bing cdch chii dgng dua cac y kien, bdn bac ddng gdp dd nhiing quy dinh thyc sy phii hgp vdi nguydn vgng ciia nhdn ddn, vi nhdn dan Nam gidi can tich cyc tham gia qud trinh quan ly rdc thdi, khdng chi ddng vai tro Id ngudi bidn thdng tin lir cdc cugc hpp cho nii gidi Irong gia dinh, ma cdn can tham gia tryc tilp vdo cdc hogt dgng phdn logi vd thu gom rac thdi (ii) Nhdm ty qudn cip co sd cdn thuc hidn diing trach nhiem ctia ngudi hudng dan, din ddt ngudi ddn cpng ddng thyc hidn dting cdc quy dinh dugc ban hdnh tir chinh quyln ding thdi phdi kjp thdi truydn lai nhirng thdng lin vd f kiln cua ngudi dan vd cdc vin dd sinh hogt ddng qudn Iy rac thdi idi chinh quydn cap dia phuang Ngodi ra, nhom ty quan co sd phdi cd CO che ldm vide hi?u qud, tgo dyng ldng tin frong cpng ddng qudn chung, phdi lam guong cdc hogt ddng phan logi, thu gom vd xir ly rdc thai, phdi huy vai trd ciia ngudi thii ITnh cpng ddng Cdch thiic qudn ly vd lam vide dya trdn nguyen tic minh bach, cdng khai vd phan hli kip thdi nhiing thdc mdc cua ngudi ddn qua trinh iham gia qudn Iy rdc thai Hon niia, can cd hinh thiic khen thudng kip thai doi vdi nhiing ca nhdn/doan thd thuc hidn tdt qud frinh quan Iy rdc thdi cip tu qudn CO sd trudng thdn vd nhung ihanh vidn ban qudn ly cd the thyc hidn nhtmg hoat dpng khen thudng dja bdn thon minh qudn ly (iii) Cdc dodn thi xd hpi id bg phdn h6 trg, trg giiip cho nhdm tu qudn co sd va chinh quyln dja phuong vide triln khai cdc quy dinh dpng vidn khuyin khich ngudi dan thyc hidn nghidm tiic cdc quy djnh Trong cdc hpi doan thd xd hgi Mdt trdn td quoc va Hgi phy nti can giir vai frd ndng cdt frong vide huting ddn ngudi dan Ihyc hien phdn logi, thu gom vd xii ly rac thdi; ddng thdi thudng xuyen tuydn fruyen, ddn ddc de ngudi dan hieu vd ddn ddn thay doi hdnh vi iing xu vdi mdi trudng Ngodi ra, can cd sy phdi kit hgp cua cac doan thd khac, nhu Dodn nidn, Hdi cyu chiln binh, Hgi ndng ddn dd tat cd cac nhdm dan cu frong cgng ddng ddu cd co hdi dugc tuydn fruyen tidp can vd ciing tham gia thyc hien? tdt cdng tac thu gom vd qudn 1^ rdc thdi (iv) Nhdm cdng ty vd sinh mdi trudng can frang bi ddy du sd lugng thimg rac frdn cdc tuyln phd, tranh tinh trgng dd luydn phd kh6ng cd thiing rac khien ngudi dan khdng cd chd de rac, ddc biet ddi vdi nhiing khu vuc ndi thdnh, thdi gian thu gom qud sdm so vdi nhilu ngudi ddn di lam vd mudn Ngudi dan se Iham gia tich cyc va thuc hidn ddy du ndu dugc tao dieu ki?n Ihuan tidn, ddy du va dl ddng frong boat dpng phan loai vd thu gom rdc Ben canh dd, phia cdng ly ve sinh mdi trudng, vdi tu cdch la nhdm cung cdp dich vu dd thi cdn xay dung kdnh phdn hdi chinh thiic Qua dd, ngudi ddn cd thi phan hdi tryc tidp vd hieu qua ciia cdc djch vy md hg dang phai trd tidn Tdm ly ngudi Vift vdn nggi phdt bilu va dua y kidn tryc tiep, vi Ihl nhiing hinh tinic phdn hdi qua cac kenh phuong tien nhu thu gdp y philu trung ciu y kidn cd tmh khd thi hon Thay vi phdn hdi vdi nhdm tu qudn co sd vd cdc doan the xd hgi, ngudi ddn cd thd t^rc tiep dk dgt nhihig y kiln vd qud Irinh thyc hidn thu gom rdc thai vdi dgi dien cdng ty vd sinh hoai ddng tai dia phuong Nhd vgy, nhdm cdng ty ve sinh mdi hirdng cung biet rd hon vl hieu qud hoat ddng ciia minh Ddi vdi cac khu vuc huydn ngoai thdnh, dpi thu gom thudng mang linh lu nguyen vd cung la vidn cua cpng ding Vi Ihl, cdn CO trdch nhiem cao hon ddi vdi chinh cdng ddng ctia minh, vi ban ihdn nhtmg vidn dgi thu gom vira ddng vai Id ngudi lam cdng tac ve sinh mdi frudng ciia thdn, dong tiidi viia Id mdt thdnh vidn ciia ihdn \: T.K Nhung ' Tgp chl Khoa hgc DHQGHN Khoa hgcXd hoi vd Nhdn vdn Tap 30 36 (2014) 16-27 (v) Nhdm chinh quydn cdp xd/phudng cin cd bien phap truyen thdng hieu qua, khdng di vao hinh thdc ma chii trpng den ndi dung Hidn cdng tac truydn thdn chua hidu qud, hinh thiic truydn thdng cdn don gidn, chu ydu Id qua hd thdng loa phat ihanh vd cdc budi hpp dan Vi thd, can da dgng cdc hinh thiic truyen thdng tai dia phucmg, frong de cao vai trd ciia cdc thu ITnh cgng ddng, cd the Id nhdm ty qudn co sd hay Id mgt vien cd uy tin cao cdng ddng Hon niia, cdn xay dyng cac chinh sdch quan tdm ddn cdc nhdm ddi tugng dd bi tdn thuong vd nhdm ydu thd, gdm nhdm cdng nhdn vd sinh mdi irudng/dgi thu gom vd nhdm Ihu mua phe Ii?u Cdn cung cdp ddy dii cdc trang thiet bi, cdi tidn cdng cy Ihu gom cho nhdm lam ve sinh mdi trudng, dam bdo siic khoe the chat vd didu kien kinh td, tien luong cho nhdm cdng nhan vd sinh mdi trudng Ngoai ra, chinh quydn can thidt Igp ca che kilm tra/ddnh gid hgp ly, khdng chi la hinh thiic kidm tra cheo giiia cdc khu ddn cu, md quan trgng hem Id ngudi ddn se kidm tra/ddnh gia qud trinh thuc hien tai cdng ddng Dya trdn ca chl kilm fra/ddnh gid, cac bg cdng cy ddnh gid vd kenh thdng tin chinh thdc cho ngudi ddn danh gid Thli hai, cdc bd phdn/tilu hd thing ngodi vide thyc hidn diing trdch nhidm ciia minh, cdn cd sy phdi kit hgp vdi cac bd phan cdn Iai frong h? thong NhQng phdn tich frong nghien cuu ndy dd chi rd su tdn tgi moi quan hd giiia cdc lieu hd thing Vi ihd, cdc tidu hd thdng cdn phdi cd cdc lidn kdt, quern he lac d$ng qua Iai vdi hogt dpng qudn ly rdc thai Cy thd, nhdm cdng ly vd sinh mdi trudng (true tiep Id cdng nhdn ve sinh mdi trudng), nhdm tu quan co sd vd doan Ihd xa hdi cdn phdi ket hgp hoat dgng nhdc nhd, ddn ddc ngudi ddn thyc hidn dung cac quy dinh ve phdn loai vd thu gom rdc thdi bdi Ie ddy Id nhdm tryc tidp gidm sdt qua trinh thyc hidn cda ngudi dan, vi thd nhOng d^ng vidn, khuydn khich vd nhdc nhd kjp thdi sd cd dnh budng den sy tham gia cua ngudi ddn Ben cgnh dd ngudi dan vd nhdm ty qudn CO sd can cd su phdi hgp vide thuc hien quyln kilm fra/ddnh gia qua Irinh Ihyc hien hoal ddng de ngudi ddn cd didu kien vd co hdi phdn hdi cac y kidn den nhdm cdng ty vd sinh mdi trudng va nhdm chinh quydn cdp xa/phudng Thu ba, can xdy dyng cdc chinh sach quan tam den nhdm xa hdi yeu the va de tdn thuong frong qua trinh tham gia qudn ly rdc thdi, nhu nhdm cdng nhdn vd sinh mdi ttudng hay vien ddi thu gom Day Id nhdm Idm cdng viec anh hudng nhieu den sire khde, cdng vide ngng nhpc nhung Iai khdng dugc hudng miic thu nhdp tuong xiing vd mdt sd trudng hgp cdn gap phdi thai dd ky thi cua mdt bd phgn ngudi dan npi Ihanh Tuong tu, ddi vdi nhdm thu mua phe lidu, can cd ca che chinh thiic hda nhdm nghe nghiep Nhiing ngudi ldm nghd chu ydu la phu nft vd tre em, hay ngudi di cu tir ndng thon Ihi ndn trudc hdl cdn xdc dinh vai fro cua hg hogt ddng qudn ly rdc thdi hidn nay, tir cd nhiing chinh sach trg giiip cdc nhdm ddi tugng ndy dl hg dugc tdn frgng va dugc hudng cdc che dg nhu cac loai hinh nghd nghidp khac frong xd hdi dd thi hien Ben cgnh do, cdn cd cac chuang trinh Iniyen Ihdng tgi cdng ddng de ngudi ddn Ihay ddi vd cd cai nhin ddng din vl nhung ngudi Idm cdng tac ve sinh mdi trudng, bao gdm nhdm thu mua phe lieu vd nhdm cdng nhdn vi sinh mdi trudng Thu tu, dd hgn chd nhiing vi pham cua ngudi dan ddi ven boat ddng quan ly rac thai, nhidu vdn bdn quy dinh lir frung uong tdi dja phuong da quy djnh ro miic vi pham va xii phat hdnh chinh ddi vdi cdc nhdm hanh vi ndy, nhu Nghi djnh 73/2010/ND - CP quy djnh xir phgt vi pham hanh chinh ITnh vuc an ninh vd trdt tu an loan xa hdi [14] Tuy nhidn, van dl dat la tinh hieu qud ciia cac hogl ddng xir phat nhu thd ndo? Ndu nhu cdc bidn phap xu phat thuc sy dem Igi hieu qud thi theo logic thdng Ihudng tinh trgng gay d nhidm hay \ TK Nhung Tgp chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN Khoa ligc Xa hgi va Nhdn van Tgp 30 So 12014) 16-27 di rac khdng diing noi quy dinh se khdng ldn tai nua Trdn thuc td, hien tugng d nhiem vdn dang tdn tai Hidn nay, cdng tdc xu phgl hanh chinh la mgt frong nhiing nhiem vy cua qudn Iy nha nudc, vide xu phgl chinh quydn dja phucmg cap xa/phudng ddm nhan nhung ngudi true tidp giam sat, kiem tra hogt ddng dudi cpng ddng lai nhdm ty quan co sd hay cdc td chuc dodn Ihl, id ly qudn thyc hidn Trong trudng hgp nhflng thdnh vien nhdm gidm sat phat hidn hdnh vi sai tr^ vi phgm thi ciing khdng the xu phat "ndng" ma can bao cdo lai vdi chinh quydn, hdnh vi gay d nhiem chi cd the xu phgl ndu bdt dugc hdnh vi vi phgm tai cho Qua trinh xir phat hien cdn nhieu thu tyc rudm khidn hidu qud cdng ldc xii phat chua cao Tuy vay, vide xu phgl nhung hanh vi de rdc khdng dung noi quy djnh gdy d nhiem mdi trudng ciing khong the giao cho nhdm ty qudn co sd vl ngudi Vidt Nam vdn co truyin thdng e nggi hay dd chimg vdi nhiing ngudi hdng xdm ciing sinh sing cgng ddng chua kd didu ndy cdng khdng hgp ly d cgng ddng ndng thdn, nhilu trudng hgp nhthig ngudi song cimg thdn/xdm deu cd quan he hg hdng ddng hg Vi thi, cdn xdy dung co chd qudn Iy phu hgp, thidl ldp mdt bp may gidm sal kidm tra chuyen frdch vl vd sinh mdi trudng tai cac dja ban khu ddn cu (giong nhu md hinh dpi an ninh trgt ty ciia phudng), va nhdm ndy cd quyen xii phgt "ndng" tai cho nhiing hdnh vi vi phgm thdng qua hinh thuc cdc phieu phgt tryc tidp * * * ^^L Nhin chung, miic dg tham gia ciia ngudi ^ ^ B frong hogl dong qudn ly rdc thdi chju tdc ^ ^ ^ ^ v d phy thupc vdo cac ben lidn quan frong "hogt dgng ndy Kdt qud nghidn ctiu cho thay miic dg tham gia ciia ngudi ddn frong hogt dong tham gia cua nhdm cdng ty/cdng nhan vd sinh mdi trudng va nhdm ty quan cap co sd Trong miic dp tham gia ciia nhdm tu quan c ^ CO sd Iai cd mdi tuong quan vdi muc d0 tham gia ciia nhdm chinh quyln cip phudng/xa, qugn/huydn vd miic dg tham gia cua dodn the xd hdi Nhu vay, su tham gia ctia ngudi dan hogt ddng qudn Iy rac thai chju dnh hudng ctia cdc ben lidn quan, vira tryc tiep vira gian tidp khdc Vi thi, de nang cao su tham gja cua ngudi ddn, can cd nhung gidi phdp ddng bd ddi vdi cdc ben lidn quan, nhdm Igo dilu kidn cho cac bdn thyc hien ddy du chiic ndng vd nhidm vu ciia minh; ddng thdi cd su tac dgng qua lai, phoi ket hgp dd cd he thdng cpng ding hogl ddng hidu qudfrongqua trhih quan ly rdc thdi ddm bdo muctieuphdt trien bin vihig thi Tai lidu tham khao [1] Seadon J.K (2010), ((Sustainable waste development sjsiem" Journal of Cleaner Production, So 18.fr 1639-1651 [2] Desmond M (2006) "Municipal solid waste management in Ireland: assessing for sustainability", Irish Geography, S6 39(1) fr 2233 [3] Ezeah C & Roberts CL (2012) "Analysis of barriers and success factors affecting the adoption of sustainable management of municipal solid waste in Nigeria" Journal of Environment Management, So 103 tr 9-14 [4] lanos.l et al (2012) "Municipal solid waste management for sustainable development of Bucharest metropolitan area" Environmental Engineering and Management Joumal So 11(2), tr 359-369 [5] Karani.P Jewasikiewitz.A.M (2007) "Waste management and Sustainable Development in Soulh Africa" En\ironmeni Development and Sustainability So tr.l63-185 L6] Joseph.K (2006), "Stakeholder participation for sustainable waste management" Habitat bitemational, S6 30 tr 863-871 [7] Ahnied.S.A & Ali.A.M (2006), "People as partners: Facijllating people's participation in N- T.K Khung i Tgp chi Khoa ligc DHQGHN: Khoa hgc Xd lioi va Nhdn vdn Tdp 30 Sd (2014) 16-27 [8] [9] [10] [11] public-private pannership for solid waste management" Habitat Intemational , S6 30, tr 781-796 Chakrabarti.S Majumder.A., Chakrabarli.S (2009), "Public-community participation in household waste management in India: An operational approach" Habitat International, So 33 u.125-130 KruljacS (2012) "Public-private partnership in solid waste management: sustain^le development sfrategies for Brazil" Bulletin of Latin American Research S6 31(2), u 222-236 Nas P.M va Ri\ke J (2004) -Informal waste management - Shifting the focus from problem to potential Environment" Development and Sustainability So 6(3) fr 337-353 Kawai K Osako.M Matsui.S., Dong NT (2012) "Identification of junk buyers' contribution to [12] roles [13] [14] rec\cling of household waste in Hanoi Vietnam, through a ph>sical composition analysis" Waste management Research So 30 Tap7.681-688 Muhammad, M.M v^ Manu.H.I (2013), "Gender in informal solid waste management in cities of Northem Nigeria: A case study of Kaduna Metropolis" Academic Research International So 4{5) tr.142-153 Mitchell, C.L., (2008) "Altered landscapes, altered livelihoods: The shifting experience of informal waste collecting during Hanoi's urban transition" Geofonim So 39(6), tr.2019-2029 Thu tucmg chinb phii (2010) Xghl djnh Qu.v dinh \ir ph^t vi phgjn hanh chi'nh linh vyc an ninh \h tr§t ty an t o ^ xS hot truy cap tai www.moj.gov.vn, truy cap 10 i h ^ g nam 2014 Influence of the Relevant Parties on Public Participation in Waste Management in Hanoi Nguyen Thj Kim Nhung \NU University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 336 Nguyen Trdi Road, ThanhXudn Dist, Hanoi Vietnam Abstract: To manage waste in an effective and sustainable manner, it is necessary to have the participation and coordination of the relevant parties in this activity, in which, stress is laid on the role of the service provider which is the urban environment one member limited company (URENCO) and the service user, al the same lime the garbage disposer, the people Based on the results of indepthinterviews and sociological surveys, this paper will analyse the influence of the relevant parties on the people's participation in the activities of sorting out, collecting and frealing garbage, including the environmental hygiene workers, the grass-root groups of self-management with the head of the commune/lhe urban ward, social organization, the unofficial junk dealers and the local administration of district/com mune/ward And then the paper makes some recommendations to intensify the participation of the relevant parties with a view lo increasing the participation of the people in the management of waste in Hanoi Keywords: Waste Waste management, Stakeboldeis Public participation  ... hogt dong tham gia cua nhdm cdng ty/cdng nhan vd sinh mdi trudng va nhdm ty quan cap co sd Trong miic dp tham gia ciia nhdm tu quan c ^ CO sd Iai cd mdi tuong quan vdi muc d0 tham gia ciia nhdm... yeu to thudc vi nhiing ben lien quan ciing tham gia boat dpng quan ly rac thai Trong pham vi bai viet I, tac gia di sau phan tich su tdc dpng ciia cac ben lien quan, gdm nhdm cdng nhan v? sinh... dg tham gia cua dodn the xd hdi Nhu vay, su tham gia ctia ngudi dan hogt ddng qudn Iy rac thai chju dnh hudng ctia cdc ben lidn quan, vira tryc tiep vira gian tidp khdc Vi thi, de nang cao su tham