^^_ KHDA HOC VA CANG NGHE MO iLirn CH9N mnNG lUdi THRM D O VA PHlTONG PHAP TINH TRff LUONG KHOANG SAN RAN LY LUAN VA THUC TIEN PGS.TS N G U Y £ N PHl/ONG Trwong D^i hgc Mo-Dja chit ^ • k hdm khodng san Id giai dogn d|c bidt fa'ong I edng tde hogt dgng khoang san, vdi mge dich M ddnh gid chat luong vd tinh tru lug'ng khodng san, Id ea so' du ligu de Igp dg* dn ddu tu khai thdc mo, thilt k l kj thu$t thi edng qud trinh khai thdc vd tuyin khodng Vi vdy, vide Iga ehgn phuang tidn ky thu$t Uidm dd vd mgng ludi b l ti'i cdng trinh thdm dd giu vai trd dae bigt quan trgng qud trinh hogt ddng khodng san Trong thdm dd cd thi su dgng mgt hodc kit hg'p mot sd phuang phdp d l lua chgn mgng ludi thdm dd phu hg'p vdi doi tuong ddnh gid Vide su dgng phuang phdp tinh tru lug'ng ndo dd Id phg thudc chu yiu vdo phuang phdp bo tri edng h'inh thdm dd, mii-c dd chi tilt cua cdng tdc tham dd, hinh thdi kich thude vd dieu kidn thi ndm cua thdn qugng edng nghldp Dde trung phan bo cua thdnh phin cd ieh vd thdnh phdn ed hgi thdn khodng, eung nhu tinh chat vgt \y cua nguyen ligu khodng Tham dd Id mgt thdi ky dgc Igp suit qua trinh nghidn cO'u dilu tra, ddnh gia lien tgc nhu'ng nai tich tg khodng san vdi mge dich cua tham dd Id ddnh gid gid trj cdng nghidp khodng san, cung cap ede du ligu d l ddnh gid chat luong, tinh tri> lug'ng, ldm ca so Igp dy dn diu tu khai thde md, thilt k l k? thudt thi cdng qud trinh khai thdc vd tuyin khodng D l dgt mge dieh tren, qud trinh thdm dd khodng san cin giai quyit tdt cdc nhiem vg sau: *> Nghidn cuu lam sdng to ciu true 6i,a chat khu vg'c, edu trdc dja chit mo vd nhung quy ludt phdn b i cdc thdng so dja chat cdng nghidp hong khdng gian dja chit; • Nghidn cuu ldm sdng td chit lug'ng, tinh chit k5 thugt va ddc tinh cdng nghd khoang san; • Nghidn ci>u ddc dilm dja chit thuy vSn-dla chit edng trinh vd dieu kien ky thudt khai thdc md; • Nghidn ciru md (doi vdi khoang san nhien lidu, phdng xg ); CONG NGHIEP MO Sfi • 2015 • Tinh trO' lug'ng vd tdi nguyen khodng san (thanh phin chinh, thdnh phin ho$e khodng san c6 Ich di kdm); • Nhung yiu to gdy d nhiem mdi trudng hoat dgng thdm dd; Qk ddnh gid chit lug'ng, tinh trO" lug-ng/tdl nguydn, edng tdc thdm dd phai tiln hdnh cdc phuang phdp sau: *:* Cdng tdc trie 6\a, ve ban d l dia ehit mo; •> Tgo nen hg thing tuan tg* cdc vit Id nhdn tgo (vit Id dgn sgeh, hdo, giing, Id), tiii cdng cdc cdng trinh khoan Id ca sd Idp cdc m$t edt dja chat lidn hg'p; • Do dja vdt ly, ^ a hod, 6\a chit thuy van-^a chit edng trinh, lay mlu nghien cuu (doi vdi mdt s l logi khodng san eg thi) vd liy cdc logi mau; • Thu thdp tdi lidu v l dja chit mdi trudng; • Tiln hanh ddnh gia chit lug'ng vd trO" lug'ng khodng san Phuvng tign ky thugt tham dd va mgng lu'O'i bd tri cong trinh tham dd 1.1 Cac yeu to c c ban anh hipdmg din iya chgn phwong tign ky thu$t tham dd Phuang tidn k? thudt thdm dd Id mdt nhOng yiu t l ca ban anh hud'ng quyit dinh din d0 tin cgy hay tinh hidu qud kinh te cua cdng tde thdm dd Trong thgc t l cac l6 khoan thdm dd dug'c thi cdng thudng nhanh han cdng hinh khai ddo t(r 2^3 lin vd re gip 3-H* lan ho^c han Song thdi gian vd chi phi eho tham dd cdng Mnh khai ddo cQng khdng giam so vdi thi cdng hdo Mgt Oigc t l Id tham dd bing khoan ddi hdi It nhdn lgc, nhung ndng lug'ng vd trang thilt bj nhieu han han, song d0 tin cdy cua tdi ligu lgi thap han cdng h'inh khai ddo Vin de khd khdn doi nhit vdi cdc k9 su dja chit tiidm dd Id Iga chgn phuang tidn ky thugt vd hg thing thdm dd hg'p ly, nhlm bao dam dd tin cdy v l tdi lidu, nhung phai bao dam tinh hidu qua kinh t l vd ehi phi Uidi gian Id KHOA HOC VA CfiNG N H £ MO It nhit V l ly ludn vd thg'c t l thdm dd khodng san d l ddp ung yeu ciu ti-dn ddi hdi cdc nhd dia chit phai am hieu ba yiu td ca ban sau: a Ve yeu to dia chat De giai quyit tdt cdng tdc thdm dd, d§e bidt qud trinh thilt k l d l dn tham dd, ngudi k j su dja chit cin thu thdp vd phdn tich cdng ehi tilt cdng tit cdc yeu td sau: •:• Mdi quan hd eua qugng hod vdi yiu f l ciu trOc dja chat: tu nhien, edc mo khodng san dug'c thdnh tgo cd t h i cd mii quan hg ehinh hg'p, khdng chinh hg'p hoge xuyen cdt dd vdy quanh Moi quan hg ndy Id mgt nhOng nguydn nhdn ehinh gdy khd khan ddi vdi edng tdc thdm dd VI vdy, d l Ig'a chgn phuang tidn k? thugt vd mgng ludi bo tri cdng Oiam dd hap ly, ddi hdi ngudi thilt k l phai hilu ro kilu logi hinh nguon glc, hay md hinh tgo eua tich tg khodng san va ban chit dja chat cua qud trinh tgo qugng Khi thdm dd cac than qugng cd hinh dgng I n djnh, ciu true benfa'ongdan gian va phdn bo ddi tilp xOc eua dd magma, tdt nhit sii dgng cdng trinh khoan Ddi vdi ede thdn qugng dgng via hodc mo sa khoang cd b l mgt trg (ddy) tilp xtjc vdi da gle, ydeh bj phu dd'i trim tieh bd rdi cd thi thdm dd bing hg thong giing hodc khoan ndng Sg phii hg'p hg'p \)f giua cdng trinh khoan vd khai ddo lidn quan chdt ehe vdi muc dg phuc tgp v l hinh dgng vd ciu tnic bdn eua than qugng Thdn qugng ndm khdng chinh hg'p vdi dd vdy quanh vd yiu to edu true khong chi qudng dug'c tri, thi thdm dd hp'p ly la khoan vd edng trinh mo Cdc thdn vd mgch qudng nhd xuydn cIt dd vay quanh vd yiu to cdu trOc khdng che qudng phuc tgp thdm dd chu yeu bdng cdng trinh md Khi dd, cdng trinh khoan dug'c su dgng vdi mge dich ehinh la tim kilm ddi khodng hod mdi vd xde djnh sg tin tgi eua qugng hod dudi sdu *> Dilu kidn t h i ndm cua thdn qu^ng, ciu true thdn qugng vd quan hg eua than qudng vdi b l mdt (fla hinh hign tgi cd vai tro quan trgng Ig-a chgn phuang tidn ky thudt vd hg thing thdm dd Cdc thdn qudng nim ngang, doe thoai vd ndm nghidng dug'c thdm dd bdng edng trinh khoan thing dung Cdc l6 khoan dug'c b l tri mdt cIt thing di>ng song song, khdng song song ho^c dgng toa tia Cdc thdn qudng die dung vd ed hinh dgng phuc tgp thudng dug'c Uidm dd bing cdng trinh nglm, dd se tgo hd thing mdt eat song song ndm ngang, hodc phoi hg'p cdng trinh khoan xien, khoan ngang vdi cdng trinh nglm Quan hd giua yiu t l t h i ndm cua thdn qugng vdi dja hinh cd y nghTa nhit djnh Ig'a chgn phuang tidn k? tiiugt thdm dd Vi dg: thdn _^^ qudng cd dudng phuang ttilng gdc vdi sudn die dja hinh vd Id d mdt dit thi thdm dd bing edng trinh dgtfaycfa'lptren vj tri lg thdn qu$ng theo ti>ng muc cao la hg-p ly va higu qua han ca (hinh H.I a) D i i vdi cdc thdn qudng cd phuang kdo ddi dgc theo sudn nui va cd the ndm trung vdi b l m$t doc eua dja hinh thudng duoc thdm dd bdng cdng trinh nglm d tdng trdn, cdn phin dudi sdu thdm dd bdng edng trinh khoan (hinh H.l.b, H.I.e) H.I Anh hwdng cua dieu ki$n thi nim cdc thdn qu$ng t6i vi$c Ig-a chgn phmyng ti^n thdm dd: a Than qu$ng co phuang nam thing gdc v6i suon va Igrad m§t dit; b Than qu$ng c6 phuong dgc theo suon va cam "vao nui"; c Thdn qu^ng cd phuxmg doc theo siM'n vd dm "xudng chdn nOi"; - Than qu$ng; - Duang dong mOc cua suon; Cdng trinh khai dao (16); - Cdc lo khoan • Hinh dgng va kich thude thdn qudng Hinh dgng vd kieh thudc thdn qudng anh hudng Idn din sg phdn bd cdng trinh thdm dd, sg* djnh hudng cua mdt cdt vd lua ehgn phuang tidn ky thu^t thdm dd Cdc thdn qudng Idn va rat Idn duoc thdm dd uu vidt bdng edng trinh khoan Cdc thdn qudng kieh thudc trung binh dug'c thdm dd bing cdng trinh khoan kit hg'p vdi edng trinh khai ddo • Cau true vd thdnh phin khodng san Clu true vd phdn khodng vgt anh hudng trgc tilp den Iga chon phuang tign ky thu^t thdm dd Thdn qudng cd cdu trOc dan gian, thudng thdm dd bdng cdng trinh khoan, than qudng ed clu trOe gidn dogn, tot nhdt su dgng khoan vdi cdng trinh khai dao Bk thdm dd cdc than qugng phi>c tgp va eo edu true gidn dogn mgch nhd vd rit nhd thi cdng trinh nglm chiem uu t h i han cdng trinh khoan Cdc thdn qugng cd hinh dgng dan gian vd tri dug'c thdm dd chu yiu bing edng trinh khoan Than qudng cd hinh dgng phuc tgp vd khdng tri, ndn su dgngcdng trinh khai ddo d l theo ddi muc dg biln dii v l hinh tiidi eua chiing Trong thg-e CfiHCMfiHIEP MO S01-2015 W l ^^_ KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHl MO t l , yiu to quan trgng doi vdi tham dd khdng phai chi muc biln ddi ve hinh thdi tiidn qudng, md sgbiln dii hdm lug'ng hg'p phin cd Ich trgng thdn qu^ng cOng ddng vai trd rdt quan trgng Mue dd biln doi eua tiianh phan cd ieh cang Idn, thi tham dd cdng phuc tgp va s l lug'ng mdt d t theo tuyin thdm dd ydu d u phai nhilu han Tinh biln ddi hdm lug'ng ed ttil d dgng dilu hod hodc cd budc nhay, cd quy ludt hoge khdng cd quy lugt cQng anh hudng din s6 lug'ng tuyin tham dd va loai cong trinh thdm dd b Yeu to cong nghe mo Yiu to edng nghg md Id mgt ^ong s l yiu t l anh huang din vide Iga ehgn phuang tign k j thudt thdm dd, thilt k l d l an tham dd khoang san eIn ehu y cac van de sau: *> Phuang phdp dg kiln md via vd khai thdc mo, hie phuang phdp dg- kiln khai thdc (him Id, Id thidn ); *> Dilu kidn dja chit tiiuy vdn vd dja chit edng trinh, ddc dilm phdn b l cua md D I I vdi cdc mo du kiln khai Uidc Id thidn thi ydu clu ve chi so chi tidu edng nghidp thudng nhd han so vdi khai thdc him Id TrongfaTj'dnghp'p ndy md dug'c thdm dd uu Vigt bdng cdng trinh khoan Mo duoc dg kiln khai tiide bdng phuang phdp him Id, thdm dd ndn si> dgng edng h'inh mo, cdc cdng trinh ndy v l ca ban se Id edng trinh chuan bj cho khai thdc md sau Mi>c dO chCra nudc eua md, dd dn djnh vd niPt ne cua dd vd chiiu ddy Idp eung cd anh hudng trg*c tilp din Ig-a chgn phuang hdn ky thu^t thdm dd Tinh chit eua dit dd vach vd fav cua thdn qu$ng cQng anh hudng din vigc Iga chgn phuang tidn k j thu^t Uidm dd Ngodi ra, tinh chit cua dd vdy quanh vd thdn qudng eOng anh hudng din each b lfa-Icdng fa'lnh Uidm dd; ddc bidt Id cdngfa^lnhkhai ddo c Yeu td kinh te-dia ly Yiu t l kinh tl-dja ly it nhilu cung anh hudng din Iga ehgn phuang tidn ky Oiudt thdm dd Ca sd ndng lupng cQng anh hudng den cdng trinh khai ddo Ngodi edc yiu t l ndu tren, Iga chgn phuang tidn ky thugt thdm dd can chO y din mgt so yiu t l nhu: yeu clu ve miic dg chi tilt, dO tin cdy, eung nhu thdi gian nhan dug'c thdng tin vd ydu eiu nghidn cuu tinh chit cdng nghg cua khodng san 1.2 Ve hg thdng tham D^c dilm cua hg thing thdm dd duqrc quyit (flnh bdi tinh chlttg* nhien cua d i i tupng thdm dd, tinh djnh hudng cua mdt d t tuyin tiidm dd Theo djnh hudng khdng gian cua hd thing mdt cdt thdm dd cd t h i chia hg thing thdm dd thdnh hd thing: CONG NGHIEP MO s i 1-2015 • H$ thing mdt d t thdng diJng dupe dp dgng thdm dd cdc thdn qu$ng nim ngang, nim nghidng vd via qudng ding hudng; , • Hd thing mdt d t nim ngang dp dgng khi, thdm dd edc via qugng die diing vd cdc thdn' qu^ng cd hinh dgng ddng hudng; • Hd thing mgt d t dgc thudng dupe sO dyng d l thdm dd cdc thdn qudng cd chiiu ddy mdng Theo dgng cdng trinh dp dgng, hd thing thdm dd dupe chia ldm nhdm Idn: • Nhdm hg thing khoan (hinh H.2, H.3); • Nhdm cdng trinh nglm (hinh H.4); • Nhdm edng trinh khoan kit hpp cdng trinh nglm (hinh H.5) Theo Biriukov V.L, nlu thdn qugng die, tit nh^t sii dgng khoan xien (cong) vd gdc kgp giO-a hudng d m thdn qg$ng vdi phuang vj lo khoan phai \(m han 30° Nlu thdn qu$ng cd gdc d m Oiay d6i mgnh thi ede l5 khoan can cd gdc nghieng khdc d l dam bao khoang cdch giua cdc cdng hinh trdn tuyin gin nhu H.2 H$ thdng thdm dd bing l5 khoan ndng thing dOng: - A sdt; - Sdt; - Cdt; - Thdn qu$ng; - Ld khoan n3' H.3 Hd thdng thdm dd bing 16 khoan xldn (cong): - Quing oxy hod; - Qu0ng gdc; - Dd vay quanh Tir c^c ti$ th6ng thdm dd trinit bdy trgn c6 thS thiy d l lua chgn hd thing thann d6 phu hg'p vd\ dii lug'ng nghi§n ct>u cin phdn tich chi tilt cdc yiu t l ca ban sau; KHOA HOC VA CANG NGHE MO _^3 •:• Hinh d?ng, yiu t l t h i nSm cua thdn qujng vd mi>c d | biln dii cua hgp phin c6 Ich; •:• Ode dilm dja chit thuy vdn, dja chat cong trinh vd dilu i Su dung phuang phdp d l l sdnh vdi tdi ligu khai thdc, cin so sdnh ehu vi eua thdn quang vd ede phdn ridng cua nd, d u true dja chit khodng sang, trO' lupng tinh dupe theo tdi lidu thdm dd vdi cdc tdi lidu nhdn dupe khai thdc b Phwong phdp lam thwa m^ng iirai Trdn dii tupng thdm dd, ngudi ta ehgn niOt khu vgc du dgi didn vd tien hdnh tham dd ehi tilt nhdt, dan ddy mgng ludi 2-^3 Idn so vdi ydu d u Mgng ludi ndy dupe xem Id "chuin" Sau dd tiln hdnh thi edng cac cdng trinh thdm dd vd tinh todn tit ca cdc thdng so ve chiiu ddy, hdm lupng, tru lupng qudng vd kim logi theo tdi lidu nhdn dupe d t i t ca cde cdng trinh Sau dd tiln hdnh tinh trii lupng quang vd kim logi theo 1/2 s l lupng cdng trinh rli 1/3, 1/4, tue Id tien hdnh ldm thua Idn 1, lin 2, lin 3, vd so sdnh s l lupng nhdn dupe ndy vdi so lupng ban diu Gia thilt ring m$t dd mgng ludi ddng tin c$y nhat, nhung khdng kinh t l Id mgng ludi ban diu £)k ed mdt mgng ludi vOa ddng tin cdy vua kinh t l , ngudi ta ehgn phuang an ldm thua ed sai s l tuang dii khdng qud Idn (sai so ndm phgm vi eho phdp) so vdi mgng ludi ban diu Dk Iga ehgn mgng ludi thdm dd hpp ly, thudng su dgng phuang phdp ddnh gid Idp lgi cua l.D Kogan (1971) d l ddnh gid sai s l tinh trO' lupng Phuong phdp ndy cd mdt so nhupc dilm sau: **• Tdi lidu nghidn cuu chf dung dupe cho phin didn tich cdn Igl eua khodng san can thdm dd Do dd chi dp dgng hidu qua thdm dd cdc md ed kieh thudc idn; lug-ng/tSf nguyen xdc djnh 2.1 Thiet l$p ca s& tai ligu ban dau di tinh tr& Iwgng/tai nguy&n xdc djnh Trong qud trinh thdm dd, d l phgc vg cho tinh trii lupng khodng san thudng thdnh l^p edc logi t^ lidu ting hpp sau: *:* Ban d l dja chit ehi tilt khu md ty 1$ 1:1000-^1:5000, cd bidt ty lg 1:500, ho0e nhd hon; *:* Ban d l vd m$t cat t h i hidn ede cdng trinh thdm dd; Ket qua thu th$p tdi ligu dja chat va liy mlu cdc edng trinh thdm dd; • Kit qua xac djnh t h i cua tCrng kilu qu$ng cd khu md; • Kit qua phdn tich ham lupng thdnh phan c6 ich chinh phin cd Ich, ed hgi vd kit qua kilm tra ndi, ngogi (miu dClp vd mlu dii song); *:* Kit qua nghidn eiiu phdn tieh edc mlu tdt mdng, khodng tudng vd ede mlu nghidn ciiu thii nghigm cdng nghd; • Thdnh Igp binh dong ddng cua cde thdng s l nghien ciiu (ding trg, ddng vdch, dong hdm lupng, dong chiiu ddy ) 2.2 Khoanh ndi than qugng Khoanh n i i than qudng theo kit qua cdng tdc thdm dd dupe tiln hdnh tuan tg tii edng trinh din mdt cdt va euli cung Id trdn binh d l , hodc phii hpp giiia mdt d t vdi binh dd • Khoanh nil thdn qudng theo cdng trinh ttidm dd: nlu cdc dogn qudng phan chia dupe bing mat thudng, thi vigc khoanh nil se dan gian chi phai kilm ti-a sg'faj-angling eua chCing Oieo cdc chi tieu edng nghidp ^d xdc l§p Cdc dogn ed hdm lupng thdnh phin cd Ieh khdng nhd han chi tidu hdm lupng edng nghidp t i i thilu vd chiiu ddy khdng nhd KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO han chiiu ddy dgt chi tidu cdng nghidp Cdc Idp dd kgp khdng dgt chf tidu edng nghidp cd chiiu ddy nhd han chiiu ddy Idn nhit cho phdp dupe dua vdo khoanh nii thdn edng nghidp nhung vdi dilu kidn phai tinh din anh hudng cua chOng tdi miic dd lam nghdo qudng, cdn cdc khu vue ed chiiu ddy dd kgp Idn dupe tdch khdi gidi hgn cua edc dogn qudng cdng nghidp Nlu cdc khoang san phim khdng t h i tdch tiieo tdi lidu dja chat-dja vdt ly, chCing dupe ldm sdng td theo kit qua liy mlu Trong tnrdng hpp ndy, miie dd ehi tilt hod khoanh nii ede dogn qu^ng cdng nghigp phg thudc vdo kich thudc eua mlu Kich Uiudc miu edng nhd, ddc dilm d u tn^c cua cae khu vgc dupe ldm sang to cdng dii tilt, Ihi vide khoanh nil ehung cdng chinh xae Vide phdn chia cdc dogn qudng edng nghidp dupe tiln hanh dga theo chi tieu hdm lupng cdng nghigp tii thilu vd hdm lupng bien dg kiln; • Khoanh noi thdn qudng trdn m§t d t thdm dd vd tren binh do: trudc tien, khoanh noi thdn qudng trdn mdt d t , sau dd khoanh nil trdn mdt d t chiiu thing diing hodc tren binh d l Ranh gidi didn tieh thdn qu^ng cdng nghidp dupe khoanh nii bdng phuang phdp ngi suy tdi ligu giua hai cdng trinh liln k l ho$e ngogi suy ngodi gidi hgn edng trinh thdm dd Ranh gidi ve theo phuang phdp ndi suy qua cdc cdng trinh thdm dd dgt ehi tidu cdng nghigp Ranh gidi ngodi ve theo phuang phdp ngogi suy ed gidi hgn hoge khdng cd gidl hgn ngodi phgm vi cdng trinh thdm dd gdp qu^ng dgt ehi tieu cdng nghigp (H.6) Khi khoanh nii ranh gidi giiia hai edng trinh thdm dd, dd mdt edng trinh gdp qudng dgt ehi tidu edng nghidp, cdn cdng trinh g0p qudng khdng dgt chi tidu, d l khoanh nii thdn qudng, thudng sii dgng phuang phdp thdnh hd-dja chdt Uieo nguydn tic: • Khoanh nii theo cdc cdng trinh ria dgt eh! tidu cdng nghidp; • Khoanh nil bing 1/2, 3/4 khoang cdch giua edc cdng trinh thdm dd thu0e vao mgng ludi thdm dd vd ddc trung vdt nhgn eua thdn qu§ng Phin didn tich thdn khodng gidi hgn ranh gidi khoanh nil theo cdc edng trinh ven ria gap qudng dgt ehi tieu thudng dupe tinh trii lupng d p cao, cdn phin thdn khodng dupe ngogi suy cd giai hgn ho§c nim ranh gidi giua edng trinh gdp qu$ng dgt chf tieu vd cdng trinh khdng gdp qudng thudng tinh fatf lupng d p thap Tdi nguydn d p d p 333 chu yiu tinh cho eae khii ven ria lidn quan tdi ranh gidi ve bing phuang phdp ngogi suy h&u hgn hodc vd hgn (hinh H.6) Trong qud trinh khoanh nil, nlu xuit hidn da phuang dn Hdn hd theo tai lidu thdm dd d n ldm _^^ sdng td cdc nguydn nhdn dja chit gay^ra sg tieh tg ege bd hodc bien vj cua khodng san 3e logi tru ddn ede phuang dn khdng hpp ly H.6 khoanh ndi thdn qu^ng vd phan khoi trir Iwgng trdn mdt dt chiiu dO-ng dgc thdn qu$ng: • Phgm vi khai thdc; - Khu v^c khdng qudng; - Ld khoan g$p qu$ng cdng nghi$p; - Ld khoan khdng gdp qu^ng; - Cap trO' Iwgng; - Cdng trinh 16; - Ranh gidi khdi tinh trO' lux^ng c Phan khdi tinh trir Iwgng Cde khii tinh tru lupng d n dam bao mgt s l ydu d u ehinh sau: • Khii tinh tru lupng phai bao dam phuang didn ding nhit tuong dii: + Ding nhit v l miic nghien ciiu; + Dong nhit v l dja chit vd tinh chat cd'^e eua khodng san; + Dong nhit v l ddc dilm dja chit thuy ' i, dja chit cdng trinh vd dilu kign khai thdc • Chu vi cua khii tinh tru lupng du^c khoanh nil theo ranh gidi tg nhien cua thdn khodng, theo ede tuyin thdm dd, theo cdc ting khai thde hodc edc dudng ngi va ngogi suy tdi lidu thdm dd; • Doi vdi mo khodng ed hdm lupng thdnh phan cd Ich phdn b l khdng ding diu hodc cd sg- bien doi Idn v l chiiu ddy, khii tinh cd trO" lupng d p eao khdng nen vupt qud san lupng khai thdc hang ndm cua xi nghidp mo; • Kieh thudc vd hinh dgng cua khii tinh trii lupng can dan gian, d l tinh, khdng nen khoanh noi hinh c6 nhilu gde cgnh d Lya chgn phipomg phap tinh trO> Iwgmg Hign cd han 20 phuang phdp tinh fa^ lupng khoang san rln, song ehi cd mgt s l phuang phdp ttiudng dupe su dgng a nuac ta: phuang phdp tmng binh s l hge; phuang phdp khii dja chit; phuang phdp khii khai tilde; phuang phdp ding cao tuyen; phuang phdp seedng vd cosecdng; phuang phdp mdt d t phuang phdp hinh da gidc; phuang phap hinh tam gidc; phuang phdp dud^ng ding trj CONG NGHIEP MO S r i l - 1^^ KHOA HOC V A C O N G NGHl MO Kinh nghigm thgc t l cho thay: kha ndng dp tn^e tilp trdn hinh chiiu frong mdt phdng dgc trgq, dgng phuang phdp tinh tiii lupng ndo dd phg thdn khodng Qe tinh h i i lupng theo dd sdu th| thuOe chD yiu vdo phuang phdp thdm dd vd miic ndm vd giai quyit mdt s l vin d l lidn quan tdi khai dg chi tilt eua cdng tac tham dd Ngodi ra, hinh thdc, binh d l tinh trO- lupng thudng dupe thdnh l$p dgng dilu kign the ndm cua thdn qudng cung anh trCing vdi binh d l ddng b\i cua thdn khodng Di^rv hudng din Iga chgn phuang phdp tinh trO* lupng .tich eua khii tinh dupe xdc djnh trdn binh do, hinh D l Iga ehgn phuang phdp tinh trO" lupng eIn tinh ehilu bing (ho§e tren mdt d t , trudng hpp tinh din sg phdn b l ede cdng h'inh thdm dd Theo quan theo phuang phdp mdt d t ) cdc phin mim nhir Mapinfo, Microstation, Arc Info dilm ndy ed thi chia cdc nhdm ea ban sau: Khi thdn qudng nim nghidng, d l chuyin tu dign • Cdng trinh thdm dd d t qua chiiu day thdn tich (Sfl) sang didn tich thdt (Si) tuang ling vdi qugng theo khoang cdch nhdt djnh va phdn b l trdn nhung tuyin ed khoang edeh Idn hon khoang cdch cdc trudng hpp sau: