Phan Dinh Binh Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 134(04): 91-95 NGHIEN c u t ) TAC DQNG CUA HOAT DONG GIET MO GIA SUC, GIA CAM DEN MOI T R U * N G TAI XA PHU^ONG TU - HUYEN iTNG HOA - THANH P H H A NOI Phan Dinh Binh Trudng Dgi hge Nong Ldm - DH Thai Nguyen TOMTAT Nghien cdu tac dgng ciia hoat dfng gidt md gia siic, gia cim ddn moi tru6ng dugc thyc hifn tai x3 Phuang TO - huyfn lfng Hoa - phd Hd Nfi Kdt qua nghien cuu cho thiy: BOD5 trung binh ciia nude thdi Id 269,33 vugt gdp 8,98 gia trj cpt A vd vugt gdp 5,39 gid trj cpt B cua QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT; COD trung binh ciia nuac thai la 735,2 vugt gdp 14,7 gid Uj cho ph^p cua eft A vd vugt gip 7,35 gid tri cho ph6p ciia cgt B; chi sd SS trung binh ciia nude thai Id 282,63 vugt gip 5,65 gid tri cho phep cua cpt A va vugt gap 2,83 gia trj cho phdp ciia cpt B; Coliform cua nude thai dat gid trj Uungbinh 17,05 xlO* vugt gap 56,83 gid trj cpt A vd vugt gdp 34,1 gid tri cft B QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT Nhu vay moi truong nude khu vyc gidt md GSGC d xd Phuong Tii dang bj nhiem tram trpng Tir kh6a; giet md gia suc.gia cdm, nhiem moi tru&ng, BOD^, COD, Coliform keo dai va cang lan rgng gay anh hudng ddn sue khoe eon ngudi va dgng vit - thye phdm, my quan va hf sinh thai cda khu vyc gift md vi lim nhiem mdi trudng nghiem trpng U'ng Hoa la mgt huyfn tryc thugc thinh ph6 Ha Npi la mpt nhung nai cung cip ngu6n thyc phdm cbii yeu eiia phd Ha Ngi, hien trgng gidt md gia siic gia earn nho le dang la mgt van de nan giai [5] Nhung anh hudng tren budc cbiing ta soat lgi sy tdn tai ciia eae diem gidt mo gia siic gia cim de tim mpt giai pbap thieh hgp nhat cbo tung dja phuong, vilng cu the Do de tai "•Nghien citu tdc dpng cua hogt dpng giet mo gia sue, gia cam den moi trudng tgi xd Phuang Tu - huy^n U'ng Hoa - thdnh Hd Npi" dugc thyc hifn nhdm muc dicb: nghien cdu hifn trgng xd thai td cae didm gidt md gia sue, gia cam thii c6ng tren dja ban xa dong thdi nghien cdu tic dgng eiia hogt dpng gidt md gia sue, gia cam den moi trudng va df xuat nhirng giii phap giam thieu anh huong cua nude thii ciia boat dpng gift md gia siic, gia cam thu c6ng den moi trudng tren dja ban xa NQI DUNG, PHLTONG P H A P NGHIEN CUU Ngi dung: Ngbien cuu tic dpng eiia hogt dpng giet md gia siic, gia cim den moi trudng tai x3 Phuang Tii ' Tel: 0984 941626: Email: dmhbinh.luaf@gmail.com DAT VAN DE Tinh trang gift mo gia, gia cim (GSGC) thii e6ng ty phat dang diln d rit nhidu noi [2] Vdi sd lupng gidt md nho le nhieu vd phan bd rai rac khap cdc khu vyc ven va viing nong thon lam cho lye lugng can bp thii y gap nhieu khd kban thyc hien kidm soat gift md [1] Bfn egnh dd cic ea quan chde nang chua kidm soat trift de vin dd nen dd lam cho cac diem gift md thii e6ng mpc len khap nai [4] Cac dja didm giet md kh6ng dam bao dieu kifn ve vf sinh an todn thyc pham, khong quan tim dfn ngudn goe ciia gia sue, gia cam, kh6ng co dieu kifn giet m6 dam bao, khdng cd hf thdng thu gom va xu ly chat thai gift md (thudng dugc dd thing xuong song bode e6ng thoat nude) Cic eo sd giet md thye hifn dudi nen nha, nfn sin, giet mo canh sdng v i sd dyng nude song di rua thjt, xi tryc tiep chit thai xuong s6ng giy nhiem mdi trudng nude va nguy CO phat tan djch bfnh td gia sue gia cam cac chat rdn nbu long, rugt, phan cung kh6ng dugc xd ly Ngoai ra, mpt sd hp tieu thy khdng bet sd xuong tuoi da ddng bao dem vdt xudng s6ng khien ngudn nude sinh boat cua khu vyc bj nhilm nang [5] Tinh trgng 91 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG N G H G Phinmg phap nghien cdu Phuang phdp diiu ira, khdo sdt thu ilidp so liiu sa cdp: Dimg pbuong phip dinb gii nhanh nong thon (RRA) df dieu tra khio sat khu vyc nghien cdu Phuang phdp tdng hap vd xit ly so lieu: So lieu dugc tdng hgp, pban tieh, so sanh cic ket qua phan ticb cac miu nude thai vdi va so sanb TCCP, QCCP Nhi nude quy djnh (QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT) [3] Phuang phdp lay mdu vd Phdn tich mdu: Liy miu nude theo quy dinh TCVN 6663-11 vdi tdng sd 18 miu ehia lan (lin 1: 15/7/2013; lin 2: 30/12/2013) Mdu nude dugc pbin tich tai phong thi nghifm ciia Vifn Khoa hpe sy sdng - Dai bgc Thii Nguyen KET QUA VA T H A O LUAN tam Ha Ngi 36 km vdi tdng dien tich ty nhien 1.017,05 ha, cd ranh gidi hanh cbinh tiep giap vdi cac xa nbu sau: Phia Bae giap xa Phu Tuc huyen Phii Xuyen, Phia Nam giap xa Tao Duang Vdn, Phia Dong giap xa Trung Tu, Phia Tay giip thj trin Vin Dinb [5], Phuang Tu la xa thupc ddng bang s6ng Hong nen cbju anb hudng ciia viing hgu dong bdc, la khu vye nhift ddi gio miia, ndng im, mua nhidu, mgt nam ed miia ro rft Nhiet dp trung binh nam la 23,1*'C, lugng mua trung binh nam eao dat 1.786 mm, nam eao nhat khoing 2.852, nam thip nhit khoang 870 mm, lugng mua d day phan theo miia ro ret, mita mua nhieu hi thing ddn thdng 9, tap trung chidm rtr 75 - 85% tdng lupng mua hang nam Mua it tu thing 10 den thing nam sau, tdng lugng mua chi dat td 15 - 25%) [5] Dgc diem phdn bd ddn cu: Tinh dfn 2014 dan s6 toin xa Phuang Tii la 11.138 nhan khiu vdi 2.990 hp Lao dgng tudi 6.571 ngudi chidm 59% dan sd (Bing 1) [5] Vai net ve dieu kien tu nhien va xa bpi Vi tri dia ly vd hgu:Xa Phuang Tii nam d phia Ddng Bdc huyfn LTng Hoa each trung Igo dong xa Phuang Tu ndm 2014 Bang L Hi^n trang ddn so vd S6 khau (ngu^) h§ (h6) 464 1628 HauXa 481 1739 Duong Khe 396 1572 Nguyen XA 522 2003 Bpng Phi 2232 587 Phi Tr9ch 540 1964 Ngoc Dpng 2.990 11.138 Tons (Nguon • Uy ban nhdn ddn xa Phuang Tu) Thuc tr^ng cong suat cac diem giet mo GSGC tai xa Tidn binb dieu tra cac co sd gidt mo GSGC tai xa, thu dugc kdt qui nhu sau: Bdng Kel qud dieu tra cong sudt cdc ca sd giet GSGC TT Tfin th6n Dpng Phi Phi Trach Nguyen Xa HauXa Duong KhS Ngpc Dong T6ng So CO so- giet m6 lpn - con/nafty 0 So CO so' giet mo gia cam tren 30 con/ng^Y 10 4 0 18 (Ngudn So li?u diiu tra tai xd Phuang Tai So lieu bang cbo tbay: Tat ci cic co sd giet md tren dja ban xa cd c6ng suit thip Tit ca ca sd gidt md lgn deu co c6ng suit dfn eon/ngay Trong tong sd 18 ea sd gidt md gia cam tren dja; 92 Phan Dinh Binh Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 134(04): 91 -95 ban xd da dugc dieu tra deu co c6ng suit gidt md trfn 30 eon/ngay, dieu cho thiy thye trang gift md hifn tren dja ban xa Id mpt van de rit dang dugc quan tam va can cd sy quan Iy, giam sat chat che qua trinh gift md ©anh gia tac dong cua boat dong giet mfi GSGC den moi trudng tai xa Phuong Tu Tren ca sd cae miu nude mat da dupe liy va bio quan diing quy dinb, mot s6 mdu nude da dugc cpng ggp va lya chpn mdu didn hinb df phin tich kft qua nhu bang va bang Bang Kit qud phdn tich nu&c thdi giii mo GSGC ldn TT Thong $6 Nhiet dp PH Mill Man sac, Copt p H - BODj (20''C) COD O l ^ ian lo lung T6ng Nito T6ng photpho 10 Cotifrom Don vj "c Kit qua Mau 40 8,00 Hoi, kho chiu QCVN24 :2009/BTINMT A B 40 40 6-9 5,5-9 Khong Khong khd chiu khd chiu PP.xdc dinh Mau 40 7,92 loi, kho chiu Cap nhiet TCVN 6492'2011 Khuii giac 20 40 ACID-BAZ 20 mg/l 169,60 221,60 TCVN 6001: 2008 30 50 mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/I MPN/ 100ml 471,20 170,00 6,4 67,85 583,20 167,50 15,87 85,24 TCVN 4565: 1988 SMEWW2540B TCVN 5987: 1995 TCVN 6202: 2008 50 50 15 100 100 30 4,6x10'' 4,6x10* TCVN 6187: 1996 3000 5000 70 (Nguon Kit qud phdn tich mdu) Bang 4, Kit qud phd tich nitdc thai giet mo GSGC ldn TT Thong so Nhi?t d6 PH MCli 10 MSu sSc, Copt p H - BODs (20°C) COD Chat ran la ICrng T6ng Nito Don vi "c KS qua Mau 40 7,78 PP.xie djnh Mlu 40 7,71 Cap nhiet dp TCVN 6492: 2011 20 6-9 5,5-9 Khong kho Khong kho chiu chiu Hoi, I4h6 chiu Hoi, kh6 ch u Khuu giac 30 QCV^24 :2009/BTNMT A B 40 40 ACID -BAZ 20 70 mg/l 310,50 375,60 TCVN 6001: 2008 30 50 mg/l 970,40 916,00 TCVN 4565: 1988 50 100 SMEWW2540B 50 100 TCVN 5987: 1995 15 30 3000 5000 mg/l mg/l 362,50 19,49 Tong photpho mg/l 103,50 Colifrom MPN/ 100ml 2,8x10' 430,50 17,49 3,1x10' TCVN 1996 6187: (Nguon Ket qud phdn tich mdu) Ghl chii: Trong QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT Cot A quy dmh glal han cua cdc thong so nhiem nude that cong nghidp xd vdo cdc nguon tiep nhdn la cdc nguon nude duoc dung cho muc dlch cdp nude sinh hoat; Cdt B quy dinh gid tri gldl han cua cdc thong sd nhiem nude thdi cong nghiep xd vdo cdc ngudn tUp nhdn Id cdc ngudn nude khdng dltng cho muc dich cdp nude smh hodl 93 Tap chl KHOA HOC & CONG NUHE Cibkerqua phin tic * - C V N i QtB: f' '* Hinh I So sdnh cdc chi so BOD;, COD chdi rdn la lirng vd photpho Irong mdu nu&c vai QCNN24 Qua bang 3, vi hinh ta thiy dugc chit lugng nude thii eiia boat dgng giet md GSGC tgi xa Phuang Tu nhu sau: - Do pH: gia trj pH ciia nude thai dao dpng 7,71 - 8,00, mde pH trung tinh dat muc eho phep eua QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT Nhin chung gii trj pH c6 gia tri bien dpng kh6ng dang kf - BOD5 trung binb ciia nude thai la 269,33 vugt gip 8,98 gia trj cgt A va vugt gip 5,39 gid trj cpt B eiia QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT, Gid tri BOD5 vuot muc cho phep rit nhifu lan, CO dnh budng rit Idn ddn moi trudng - COD trung binh ciia nude thai la 735,2 vugt gip 14,7 gia trj cho pTiep cua cgt A va vugt gap 7,35 gii trj cho phep ciia cgt B cua QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT Gid trj COD vugt mde eho phep rdt nhieu lin - SS trung binh cua nude thai la 282,63 vugt gap 5,65 gid tri cho phep ciia cpt A va vugt gdp 2,83 gia trj cho phep ciia cpt B - Tong nito eiia nude thai c6 gia trj trung binh la 14,9 ddu muc cbo phep ciia cgt A va cpt B QCVN 24;2009/BTNMT 94 - Tong Photpho eiia nude thai dgt gia dj trung binh 95,45 vugt gip 23,86 gia tri cbo phdp cua cpt A va vugt gip 15,74 gia trj cho phep ciia cpt B QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT - Colifrom ciia nude thai dat gia trj trung binh 17,05 xlO" vugt gap 56,83 gia trj cpt A vii vugt gip 34,1 gia tri cgt B QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT Nhu vgy chit lugng nude eae thong sd dfu vugt mde eho phep rit nhidu lin, nude thai gift md GSGC dang gay anh budng nghifm trgng ddn moi trudng nude mat, nude ngim, dit, vi kbdng De xuat giai ph^p giam thieu nhiem moi trudng boat ddng giet mo GSGC Giai plidp chinh sdch qudn ly: Tang cudng quan li giim sat chat che cae dia diem giet m6, ke ci cong tic bao vf mdi trudng va cong tic thil y Phong Tai nguyen va M6i trucmg huyfn phoi bgp vdi dem vi Y td, thu y td ch6e kidm tra, hudng din cie 16 gidt md tap trung xu ly chit thai dgt tieu chuin m6i trudng theo quy djnh Tien hanh xd phgt rin de ddi vdi c^ Phan Dinh Binh Tap cbi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE d6i tugng la chii cae co sd giet md GSGC ty phat xi thai gay inh hudng den moi trudng Gidi phdp ky thugt: Xiy dyng khu gidt md tgp tnmg theo dung quy chuin eiia nha nude, CO cin bg quan ly khu gidt md theo dung quy djnh; Ddi vdi cac dia diem gift md can xay dyng hf thdng xd ly chit thai hoac co bien phap tbu gom, xd Iy so bp trudc thii vao eong dan nude thai, tich rieng he thong xu Iy nude thai cho giet md GSGC; Tien banh kbd triing tieu dpe toan bg khu vyc nu6i nhot GSGC chd giet mo sau dpng vit dugc dua di giet m6 KET LUAN Ket qua nghien edu eho thiy gidt md GSGC la mgt nghe giup eho ddi song vit chat eiia ngudi din ngi diy cang dugc cai thien va nang cao Tuy nhien, vifc gift mo GSGC dang cang gay nhifm moi trudng nghiem trpng ban Ket qua phin tich mau nude cho thiy: BOD5 trung binh cua nude thdi la 269,33 vugt gip 8,98 gia trj cpt A vi 134(04): 91 -95 vugt gap 5,39 gid trj cpt B cua QCVN 24;2009/BTNMT; COD trung binh cua nude thai la 735,2 vugt gap 14,7 gia trj cho phep cua cgt A vi vugt gap 7,35 gia trj eho phep cua cpt B; cbi sd SS trung binh ciia nude thai la 282,63 vugt gap 5,65 gia tri cho phep cua cgt A vi vugt gap 2,83 gia tri cho phep ciia cgt B; Coliform ciia nude thai dat gia tri trung binh 17,05 xlO"* vugt gip 56,83 gia tri cgt A va vugt gip 34,1 gia trj cgt B QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT T A I L I E U THAM K H A O Trin Ngoc Chdn, (2000), "6 nhiim khong vd xu ly thai' ldp 1, Nxb khoa hoc va ky thudt Dang Kim Chi (2005), Ldng nghi Viel Nam vd moi tru&ng, Nxb Khoa hoc va ky thuat, tr - 10 QCVN 24'2009/BTNMT: Quy djnh gidi hgn ciia cac thong sd nhilm nude thai c6ng nghiep xa vdo cdc nguon tiep nhan Tran Yem, Trjnh Thj Thanh (1998), "O nhiim moi truang", Dai hoc khoa hpc ty nhign Ha Nfi UBND xa Phucmg Tii (2013), Bdo cdo tdng kit ndm 2013 SUMMARY ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF SLAUGHTER CATTLE AND POULTRY A C T F V I T I E S ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN PHUONG TU COMMUNE, UNG HOA DISTRICT, HA NOI CITY Phan Dinh Binh' College of Agriculture and Forestry - TNU The study was implemented to assess the impact of slaughter cattle and poultry activities on environmental pollution in Phuong Tu commune, Ung Hoa district Ha Noi city The water samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory of Life Science Institute - Thai Nguyen university The results shown that: Some factors such as- BOD5 in the waste water is higher 8.98 time compare to column A and 5.39 time compare to column B in QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT; COD is higher 14.7 time compare to column A and 7.35 time compare to column B The other factors as TSS and Coliform still are higher allowance value in QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT Thus, surface water environment in slaughter cattle and poullry activities areas was facing with surious pollution Key words: slaughter cattle andpoultry, environmental pollution, BODs COD, Coliform Ngdy nh^ bdi: 15/12/2014, Ngdy phdn blen:06/01/2015: Ngdy duyit ddng 08/5/2015 Phdn biin khoa hoc: PGS TS Luang Vdn Hinh - Truang Dai hoc Nong Ldm - DHTN Tel 0984 941626: EmaiT dlnhbinh.luaj@gmail com ... gap 5,65 gia tri cho phep cua cgt A vi vugt gap 2,83 gia tri cho phep ciia cgt B; Coliform ciia nude thai dat gia tri trung binh 17,05 xlO"* vugt gip 56,83 gia tri cgt A va vugt gip 34,1 gia trj... vugt gip 23,86 gia tri cbo phdp cua cpt A va vugt gip 15,74 gia trj cho phep ciia cpt B QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT - Colifrom ciia nude thai dat gia trj trung binh 17,05 xlO" vugt gap 56,83 gia trj cpt... 1.017,05 ha, cd ranh gidi hanh cbinh tiep giap vdi cac xa nbu sau: Phia Bae giap xa Phu Tuc huyen Phii Xuyen, Phia Nam giap xa Tao Duang Vdn, Phia Dong giap xa Trung Tu, Phia Tay giip thj trin