Nghiên cứu tác động của hoạt động du lịch đến môi trường tự nhiên và đề xuất giải pháp quản lý ở vườn quốc gia phong nha kẻ bàng

|rtjPj»K_ya Tii nguyen Moi truong Thira Thien Hui ^ Hoi Pja ly Vict Nam Nghien CLPU tac dong cua hoat dong du ljch d4n moi tru'd'ng tie nhien vh dd xuit giai phap quan ly vu'O'n qudc gia Phong Nha - Ke Bang Nguyen Thanli Tirdng' Abstract Study the impacts of tourism activities on natural environment and propose the management solutions in national park Phong Nha - Kc Bang Nalional Park Phong Nha - Ke Bang recognized as a World Natural Heritage by UNESCO on 05th, July, 2003 This is a new milestone for the tourism development in Quang Binh Since it was recognized as a world natural heritage, the number of tourists to visit and research is more and more increasing This has caused many dfferent influences on socio-economic development, especially on Ihe natural environment The impact here is not /^positive but also negative So the problem is to set oul how lo manage the tourism development as well as ihe use and protection of resources and environment rationally and effectively, in other words, the development and conservation of heritage values base on sustainable developmeni In this paper, we study the process of lounsm activities taking place In Nalional Park Phong Nha - Ke Bang to analysis, assessment of the possible impacts of tourim activities on natural environment and propose the appropriate measures lo moderate lounsm developmeni while ensuring environmental quality DAT VAN D E Phat trien du ljch dugc xem Ii mdt hoat dgng kinh tl quan trgng d VQG Phong Nha - Ke Bang N6 dong gdp mdt ngudn thu nhgp rat ldn cho VQG vi nen kinh le cua dja phuong, tgo nhieu cdng an jvifc lim cho ngudi lao dgng, nang cao ddi song vat chit va tinh thin ciia ngudi dan Trong thdi gian Bua, Ban Quin ly VQG Phong Nha - Ke Bang, cung nhu UBND linh Quang Binh da thuc hien nhilu !bl?n phip lich cyc va ddng bg nham day mgnh phit trien du ljch d VQG tuong xiing vdi tiem nang va %\i trj ciia mgt di sin thien nhien thi gidi Tuy nhien, nhilu khd khan dgt li viec bio ve mdi truong t?i VQG dang trd thinh van de ngiy eing buc xiic Tinh trang d nhiem mdi trudng chit thii ciia cic CO sd san xuat kinh doanh, dich vy (nudc thii, chat thii ran, mill hoi), thdi quen xa rac bira bai eua du Wiach va nhirng ngudi ban hing rong van chua dugc khac phyc Trong bai viet niy, chiing tdi nghien cihl tie ddng ciia cac boat dong du lich den tu nhien mdi irudng de de xuit nhiing giii phap phdng ngiia, khac phuc, bio dam mdi trudng cho hogt ddng du ljch dugc hieu qua va ben viing Npi DUNG NGHIEN CU'U V Tac dong cua hoat dgng du Ijch den moi truong tu- nhien 2.1.1 Tac dong tich cue Dy an "Bao tdn thien nhien VQG Phong Nha-Ke Bang" dugc thuc hien bat dau tir nam 2001 vi dy an "Bao ton va quin ly bin viing ngudn tii nguyen thien nhien khu vye VQG Phong Nha-Ke Bang" da dugc thyc hi?n nam 2008 Cae dy in nhim muc dich dieu tra, khio sat, nghien ciru Trudng Dai hgc Supham Dgi hoc Dd Ndng t>!A LY KINH TE - XA H O L D | A LY CHJNH TRI - QUAN S ^ Hpi Pia ly VijtNui Hoi Pja ly vi Tai nguygn Moi truong Thiia Thien Hiil thflng ke cac HST, phit hien nhicu loii ddng, thyc vat mdi, dd cd nhieu loii die biet quy hilni; phit hien die dilm sinh sdng ciia chimg, gdp phan tdn vinh gia tri tai nguyen sinh vat; bio ton Uj nguyen vi mdi truong phit trien du lich Hoat ddng du ljch d VQG Phong Nha-Ke Bang ciing da ldi cudn cdng ddng vio hoal dung b ^ tdn, cung irng nflng san cho khach du lich vi kinh doanh du Iich, chia se lgi ich kinh te vdi dia phuong gdp phan ning cao ddi sflng cgng dflng, giim sy Ie thudc sdng dya vao rung, gdp phan bao vf iai nguyen sinh vat 2.1.2 Tac dgng ticu cue - Tic dgng den mdi trudng dit i, Hiin nay, canh quan d mdt sd khu vuc a VQG Phong Nha-Ke Bdng bj bien dgng nhiiu ngirdi ihuc hien cdc hogt dgng nhu phd rimg, san in lay mgt bdng Idy vgl lieu xdy dung kil edu hg ldng CSVCKT du hch vd cdc dich vu luv trit khdc gdy hiin lugng xoi mon, rira trdi ddt Ngodi eon co mrdc thai, chdt thdi ciia cdc cdng trinh xdy dimg vd cua khdch du lich, ca sa kinh doanh dich vu , ldm cho ddt bi nhiim Bdng •Kel qud phdn lich moi trudng ddt TT I 10 II 12 Clii lieu phdn tich pH Nita Idng Pholpho Ddng Sal Mangan Kem Crdm (VI) Niken Arsenic Thiec Chi Dan Vl linh % % mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg Ket qud Dl 5.75 0.12 0.06 35 15.7 74 78 KPH KPH 10 D2 5.78 0.24 0.17 46 16.8 75 96 KPH KPH IS D3 5.75 0.24 0.12 31 21.5 68 75 KPH KPH 12 D4 5.76 0.64 0.09 42 16.2 73 68 KPH KPH 10 DS 5.81 0.45 0.22 87 13.6 68 82 KPH KPH 12 D6 5.62 0.14 0.15 42 IS.3 72 86 KPH KPH 13 TCVN 7902-2002 ' 7.00 ilOO i ':