KHOA HOC, CONG NGHE CHUYEN GIAO OANH GIA SO BO HAIVILaONG CAC OONG Vj PHONG XA (U 238, TH 232, K 40, CS 137) TRONG K H O N G KHI TAITP HO CHl MINH DO TAC OONG CUA VIEC 0 0 THJ HOA • I I I PGS TS DINH[.]
KHOA H O C , CONG NGHE - CHUYEN GIAO OANH GIA SO BO HAIVILaONG CAC OONG Vj PHONG XA (U-238, TH-232, K-40, CS-137) TRONG K H O N G KHI TAITP HO CHl MINH DO TAC OONG CUA VIEC 0 THJ HOA • I I I PGS.TS DINH XUAN THANG, Vien Moi trudng va Tai nguyen ThS NGUYfeN THI THUY VAN Dal hgc Khoa hgc Tu nhien TP Ho Chi Minh Tom tat: Chat lirang moi tnrdng khong la mot cac yeu to quan quyet drnh chat lugng cugc song vl no anh hwang true tiep gen sire khoe nguai Tu" sir can thiet TP HCM ga sdm xay gi/ng mang ludi quan trac nhiim khong vai cac thong so quan trac nhu: SO^, NO^, CO, O3, NO 2, benzen, xylene, toluen, chi, hui tong, tieng on Ngoai cac thong so ga neu, ham lugng phong xa khong cung la mgt thong so can gugc khao sat va ganh gia mgt each thuang xuyen, gac biet la tai cfp cao tir gen 3m tinh tir mat gat Tuy nhien, cho gen ham lugng phong xa khong van chua gugc khao sat mot each eo he thong Nhom tac gia ga tien hanh khao sat va ganh gia sa bg ham lugng cac gSng vi phong xa (U-238, Th-232, K-40, Cs-137) khong tai TP HCM Dong thai chung toi cung gua mgt sSgS xuat gang luu y viec giam sat va giam thieu nhiem moi truang (ONMT) khong tai TP HCM Abstract: The quality of air is one of an Important factors which affects gireetly to the human health For this reason, Hochimlnh city has establisheg air polution monitoring stations with some main monitoring paramaters, such as: SO^, NO^, CO, 0^, NO^, benzene, xylene, toluene, /ead, TSP noise Besige those parameters, the ragio-active Isotopes concentration in the air is also a parameter which Is geserveg to stugy frequently, especially In the high from to meter above the earth's surface However, untill now the radio-active isotopes concentration In the air hasn't studleg systematically To take full advantage of the nuclear analysis technology, we studied and evaluated the status of the radio-active isotopes concentration (U-238, Th-232, K-40, Cs-137) in the air in Hochimlnh city Form that point, we proposed some remarkable solutions to supervise and minimize the air population in Hochimlnh city I CAC NGHIEN CUU TRONG VA NGOAI NUtfC Tren the gidi, viec Ung dung cac ky thuat hat nhan de xac djnh ham lupng cac ddng vi phdng xa khdng khf da dupe tie'n hanh tai nhieu nudc nhu My [6], Nga [7], Nhat [8], Pakistan [9] Cac ke't qua thu dupe tU cac nghien eUu da cung cap cho cac nha khoa hpc nhirng dU lieu vd eiing quan trpng de danh gia xu hudng cung nhu nhUng anh hudng ciia chiing den sUc khde ciia ngudi thdi ky phat trid'n rat nhanh cua khoa hpc - cdng nghe Tai Viet Nam, thdi gian qua cac don vj true thudc Vien Nang lupng Nguyen tir Viet Nam da thuc hien mdt sd cdng trinh nghien curu ham lupng phdng xa nhilu ddi tupng mdi trudng khac nhu dat, thue vat [1], luong thue [2], thuc pha'm [3] Tuy nhien, viec danh gia hoat dp cac ddng vi phdng xa khdng khf van chua dupe quan tam dung mUc, cu the la tai TR HCM chi cd tram quan trac su sa lang phdng xa toan eau, dat d dp cao 25m Viec danh gia ham lupng phdng xa Idp khdng ma ngudi thudng xuyen sinh sdng (tU b l mat da't den dp cao khoang 3m tren mat da't) ma van chua dupe tiln hanh II muc TIEU, NOI DUNG, PHUfONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 11.1 Muc tieu nghien CL^ Muc tieu dat cQa viec nghien ciru la dua trdn cac sd lieu thu thap, kit qua dac tai hien trudng de danh gia hien trang ham lupng eae ddng vj phdng xa (K-40, U-238, Th-232, Cs-137) khdng khf tai quan (Quan 1, Quan 11/2010 BAO HO LAO DQNG 13 I KHOA H O C , CONG NGHE - CHUYEN GIAO Tan Phii), TR HCM, tren cd sd dd d l xua't cac bien phap giam sat va giam thieu ONMT khdng khf cac chat phdng xa 11.2 No! dung nghien cuTu De dat dupe muc tieu de ra, ndi dung nghien ciru chiing tdi da tien hanh bao gdm: - Tdng quan ve d nhiem khdng khf K-40, U-238, Th-232, Cs-137; - Khao sat thue dja va lua ehpn vi tri lay miu, thie't lap sodd vj trila'y mau; - Oanh gia so bd hien trang ONMT khdng khf eae chat phdng xa khu vue khao sat; - xua't cac bien phap giam sat va giam thieu ONMT khdng khf cac chat phdng xa 11.3 Phi/dng phap nghien ciiru a Nghien ciru ly thuyet - Suu tam tai lieu cd lien quan nhu cac de tai nghien eiru khoa hpc, cac bai bao, saeh, cac bao cao kit qua quan trac mdi trudng khdng khf, eae tieu chuan Viet Nam hien hanh - Tham khao y kie'n eua cac chuyen gia viec lua ehpn dja diem lay miu, thu thap miu, dae miu, dae biet la xir ly va danh gia kit qua phan tfch mau - Tdng hpp, phan tfch tai lieu thu thap, xir ly sd lieu b Nghien ciru thuc nghiem - Khao sat hien trang khu vuc nghien cifu, lua N.I Ul 2007 chon vjtriliy mau, tien hanh thu thap miu dung nha cira, dudng xa hien kha cao) va Q.I (khu dan eu hien hUu) Tai mdi quan, chung tdi ehpn dja diem de tiln hanh lay miu (xem Hinh 1), eu the: - Quan 1: miu dupe lay tai Trung tam Hat nhan TR HCM (TTHN), Sd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng (Sd TN-MT) - Quan Tan Phu: miu dupe lay tai Khu cdng nghiep Tan Binh (KCN T Binh) va Trung tam Y te Quan Tan Phu (TTYT T Phu) Do TR HCM nam vung nhiet ddi gid mua, can xich dao nen thdi tilt tai day chia mua rd ret: mua mua (tUthang5-thang 10); muakhd(tUthang 11 -thang4nam sau) nen chung tdi da lua ehpn lay miu theo hai mua Ngoai ra, de giam thieu sai sd cua miu thu thap chung tdi da tien hanh thu thap miu lap: tai mdi dja diem chung tdi tie'n hanh thu thap mau cho mdi mua, nhu vay tdng sd miu chung tdi da thu thap la 24 miu/2 mua/4 dja diem Viec thu gom miu dupe tie'n hanh tren phim loc chuyen dung Pallflex membrane filters thdng qua he may hut khf Ecotech hivol 3000, loai may bui thu gom la bui lo limg tdng cdng TSP Do cao lay mau each mat dat m, la dp eao ma khdng khf bj xao trdn nhilu nha't hoat ddng eiia ngudi d Phan tich mau Viec phan tfch miu dupe tie'n hanh tren he may phan tfch phd gama diing detectd ban din sieu tinh khiet HPGe sa BO \1 TRi L.4'V Ukv Bl'I K Hi H wh i 12 00 - Sir dung phan mIm Mapinfo de sd hda ban dd va trinh bay so bd vj tri lay miu Q.Go Va'p - Do dac miu, xir ly sd TNlvAT TTHN TTHN n n TTYT TPhu TTYT TPhu hCN TBinh KCN TBInh Trsm Tr^m VNCHN VNCHN Do thi 1: Ham li/dng K-40 trung binh theo mua tai cac vi tri quan trac khac 11