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Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau khi Viet Nam tru''''dc them theky 21'''' QUAN LV SI/CO MOI TRLTONG TRONG HOAT D Q N G DAU KHI 0 VIET NAM TS Bui Hue Cau Tong cong ty Dau khi Viet Nam TOM TAT Hoaf dpng dau khi[.]
Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam tru'dc them theky 21' QUAN LV SI/CO MOI TRLTONG TRONG HOAT D Q N G DAU KHI VIET NAM TS Bui Hue Cau Tong cong ty Dau Viet Nam TOM TAT Hoaf dpng dau tiem an riii ro cao xay su cd mdi trudng (SCMT) SCMT hoat ddng dau lien quan nhieu den d nhiem dau, mdt dang d nhiem dae biet nguy hiem, gay thiet hai kinh te - xa hdi - mdi trudng nang ne Tong cdng ty Dau Viet Nam rat coi trgng cdng tac quin ly SCMT, da cd nhieu no luc va gianh cho cdng tac su quan tam va dau tu thich dang Su ddi cua Ban chi dao ddi vdi tinh hudng khan cap cUng viec xay dung vi thi hanh chien luge phdng ngua va khae phuc SCMT dung dan da gdp phan khdng nhd dat tdi muc tieu han che tdi muc thap nhat kha nang xiy su ed va glim thieu thiet hai neu su ed xiy Vi vay sudt 25 nam qua ke tu thinh lip TCTDK toan bd cac hoat ddng ciia minh da khdng dexay mdt SCMT cd tinh hiem hga nao MdOAU Cdng nghiep Dau Viet Nam edn non tre nhung tdc dp tang trudng manh va da sdm trd nganh kinh te mui nhpn ciia dat nude Hoat ddng Dau mang lai ngudn lpi Idn eho nen kinh te qudc dan song cung tiem an nhieu kha nang xay su ed mdi trudng (SCMT) SCMT hoat ddng dau lien quan nhieu de'n d nhiem dau, mdt dang d nhidm dac biet nguy hai, pha hiiy nghiem trpng mdi trudng, gay thiet hai kinh te xa hdi - mdi trudng nang ne va hien trd van de mang tinh toan cau Vide ngan ngUa va khae phue SCMT ludn la nhiem vu quan trpng hang dau hoat ddng eiia tat ca eae edng ty Dau tren The gidi dd ed Td'ng cdng ty Dau Viet Nam (TCTDK) Cung vdi su tang trudng eiia Cdng nghiep Dau Viet Nam nguy ea xay SCMT cang gia tang, dat nhieu van de cap bach can phai giai quyet SL/ CO MOI TRLTdNG TRONG HOAT O O N G DAU KHI VA T A C O O N G C O A NO TOI MOI TRLTONG Theo Luat Bao ve Mdi trudng "SCMT la cac tai bien rui ro xay qua thnh hoat dgng cua ngudi, hoae bien doi bat thudng cCia tu nhien, gay suy thoai moi trudng nghiem trgng" Trong hoat ddng dau SCMT ed the bat ngd xay do: Rai vai, rd ri dau bam tai tiep dau, tiep nhien lieu; Cae su cd dudng dng nhu rd ri, vd nirt dudng d'ng; Phut khi, tran dau khoan gie'ng hoae eae hoat ddng hoan thien gie'ng; Cae su ed va cham tau; Ton that dau thd tU eae tau ehda ndi hoae hdng hde be chua, than tau hoae hoat ddng bde dd dau thd giai doan khai thae; Tran dd hda chat, dung djch khoan hoae chat thai nguy hai; Cae su cd cd tinh leo thang nhu chay nd, va eham, hu hdng eau true v.v Su cd gay d nhiem chii yeu nhu phun trao dau rat hiem xay nhung lai chie'm 3/4 tdng sd 50.000 tan dau that thoat hang nam tU cac gian khoan ngoai khai Nguy ca tran dau giai doan khai thae thudng nhd han so vdi giai doan tham dd nhung su cd phun trao cd the lam that thoat mdt lupng dau rat Idn neu khdng nhanh chdng kiem soat dupe Mdt lupng dau nhd hPn cung ed the that thoat thai nude 451 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them the ky 21' via hoae cac loai mun khoan nhidm dau Cae su cd tran dau (SCTD) giai doan khai thac thudng xay bam dau thd tU be chira sang tau ehd dau dieu kien thdi tiet bat lpi nhu gid to, sdng Idn, ddng chay manh, ddi tai nan lam dau nguyen lieu tU tau djch vu tran bien Cac su ed tau chd dau dd bien mdi nam khoang 400,000 tan dau, sd dd cd khoang 75% su ed xay d cang qua trinh xuat nhap hang, nhien hau het cae vu tran dau tuang ddi nhd, han 92% la nhd han tan Cac tai nan va dam hoae chim tau chi chie'm it han 10% nhung khoang 1/4 sd vu tai nan ed lupng dau tran Idn han 700 tan Van de d nhiem mdi trudng tU cae kho chifa dau ehi' xay cap phat xang dau bj bde hai hoae rai dd vai dat, ed su cd rd ri, vd dudng dng dan dau Trong cac loai SCMT thi SCTD la nghiem trpng nhat va la mdt nhung SCMT gay nhieu thiet hai cho he sinh thai bie'n va mdi trudng bien, SCTD cd trd hie'm hpa ve.mat mdi trudng Thiet hai SCMT ma dac biet la SCTD gay la het sire nang ne, khdng nhung trudc mat ma cd the edn de lai hau qiia lau dai, mdi trudng bi huy hoai nghiem trpng Vide khae phue hau qiia, phuc hdi mdi trudng tdn kem, mat nhieu thdi gian tham ehi nhieu khdng ciru van dupe Thiet hai ve mdi trudng trd nen tram trpng vet dau lan tda de'n vung bd bien hoae nai cd cac hoat ddng du lich, cac viing cd he sinh thai nhay cam nhu khu vuc cira sdng, rUng ngap man v.v Vi du dien hinh cho van de la su cd Exxon Valdez, xay 24 thang nam 1989 d viing bien Alasca (My), 36.000 tan dau thd da tran bien, gay d nhiem 1700 km bd bie'n, vide khae phue su ed da tieu tdn 2,5 tneu USD Sir ed lam eho edng ty dau Exxon mat vai trd ddng dau The gidi va de' lai tai tieng bat lpi cho kinh doanh Dau va cae san pham eiia dau gay dpc cho sinh vat ti'nh de bay hai eiia cac phan nhe, gay tac ddng cap tinh qua dudng hd hap, cd the dan den tif vong khoang thdi gian ngan tiep xiic, anh hudng nghiem trpng de'n su phat trie'n binh thudng ciia phdi va au triing sinh vat Dau xa vao ngudn nude se tao ndn nhung vet loang Idn, mdt phan tan vao nude d dang huyen phii la lirng, ket qua la lam giam chat lupng nude mat Cac vang dau ngan can su xam nhap eiia dxy tu khdng vao nude dan de'n lam giam lupng dxy hda tan Sau rai vao nude mdt phan dau bj phan hiiy, mdt phan se tdn luu nude, ngam vao biin dat gay tae hai den thiiy hai san, cay trdng, cay ngap man v.v Cac loai chim bie'n, ddng vat ed vu, phii du sinh vat va au trung hoae trirng bj tae ddng manh me, ty le chet kha Idn Ca trudng it bj anh hudng song cd the bj anh hudng gian tiep nhiem ddc lam han che su phat then va kha nang sinh san Anh hudng ldn he sinh vat day ed the dien thdi gian dai, dac biet anh hudng manh de'n he tram tich bdi lang ven bd hoae viing cd hoat ddng ddng chay kem Dau tran d mdt sd vung cira sdng va ven bien gay d nhiem mdi trudng nude, nude sinh hoat va nude canh tae d nhung viing dat ngap nude ven bd, anh hudng nghiem trpng tdi ddi sdng dan cu, san xuat ndng nghiep nhidm dau dan de'n lam giam kha nang tu lam sach ciia ngudn nude eae vi sinh vat, phieu sinh, ddng vat day nude bj gie't chet Trong dau cdn ehua mdt sd cac hydrocarbon da vdng, nhieu tap chat nhu luu huynh, ni ta v.v Khi phan huy cac hpp chat ehira luu huynh se tao hpp chat sunfur (S^") ma nhieu loai ca rat nhay cam vdi loai Cac hydrocarbon da vdng ed ddc tinh cao va mdt sd chung cd kha nang gay ung thu, gay tac hai lau dai eho eon ngudi va nhieu loai sinh vat Hai dau dd gay chay nd Khi khdng ed ti Id hdi xang dau 4,6 - 4,8 % the tieh thi rat de bj chay nd gap tia lira Khi chay dau se tao cac chat d nhidm khdng nhu SO,, NO,, CO, hydrocarbon tdng, chi, bui than, v.v Hau qua eiia cac tae ddng la lam giam nang suat sinh hpc, gay bien dpng phan va suy giam he sinh thai Nhu vay d nhiem mdi trudng dau se gay thiet hai vd ciing Idn cho sue khde eon ngudi, cho cae nganh du Ijch, thiiy san, ndng nghiep, cap nude ma hien nhieu nude rat quan tam phdng chdng 452 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' DI^M QUA MOT S SCMT XAY RA TRONG HOAT OONG DAU KHI VIET NAM Viet Nam hoat ddng dau hien dang d giai doan tham dd khai thac Hoat ddng tham dd dau dupe then khai tu nhung nam 60 TU nam 1981 chiing ta tien hanh khai thac d Tien Hai - Thai Binh va ddng dau dau tien dupe lay len tU Idng dat md Bach Hd vao nam 1986 Oen da khai thae dupe gan 80 trieu tan dau thd va 03 ti m^ ddng hanh dua vao sif dung Trong sud't may chuc nam qua chua xay mdt SCMT d mure hiem hpa nao nhung cung da cd mdt sd vu dupe thd'ng ke nhu sau: • Su cd tran dau ngoai khai md Bach Ho cua XNLD Vietsovpetro (VSP) xay 10/07/1992, khoang 30-40 m^ dau thd da tran bien tran qua phaken Khdng dng eiru dupe thdi tiet xau; • Vu tran dau ngoai khai d md Bach Hd ciia VSP: xay 26/11/1992, khoang 20 m^ dau thd ciia md Bach Hd bj tran bie'n dirt dng mem, hoat ddng irng curu khdng kjp thdi, ket qua la khdng thu hdi dupe chut dau nao; • Su cd phun tai gie'ng khoan tham dd d md Lan Tay ciia nha thau BP xay vao 15/02/1993 BP da thud mpt cdng ty tu van mdi trudng tien hanh danh gia cac anh hudng ddi vdi mdi trudng sau su ed; • Vu tran dau ngoai khdi tai md Oai Hiing nha thau BHP dieu hanh (sau chuyen giao cho edng ty Petronas Carigaly va hien tai quyen dieu hanh thudc ve TCTDK) 08/02/1995 khoang 15 m^ dau thd da tran bien dirt d'ng din tU tau chd dau tdi phao ndi; • Sir cd tran dau d cang Vung Tau: 14/09/1995 tai bai ehira hang eua cang VIECO Vung Tau da xay sir ed vd container chira 145 thung dau nang HDF 200 ciia nha thau MJC; • Vu tran dau d ngoai khai Vung Tau: 10/01/1996 tai Id 04-1 nha thau British Gas da de khoang 83 m^ dau diezen tran bien be' chira nhien lieu ciia tau dieh vu bj can eau cua gian khoan va dap tien hanh neo djnh vj gian khoan dieu kien thdi tiet rat xau; • Su cd hdi axit tai gie'ng khoan tham dd D14-STL-1X tai xa Thai Thp, huyen Thai Thuy, tinh Thai Binh cua nha thau Anzoil xay vao 12/05 va 24/05/1996 Nguyen nhan qua trinh tien hanh thif via, axit (diing dd' lam sach via) trdn vdi via tao hai axit bay lam hdng lua va hoa mau d khu vue lan can gian khoan; • Su cd tran dau tren dat lien d Thai Binh: xay 26/11/1996 tai khu vuc gieng khoan D14-STL-2X xa Thai Thp, huyen Thai Thuy, tinh Thai Binh nha thau Anzoil dieu hanh Khoang 5,5 thung (tuang duang 875 lit) dau diezen tU be' ehira dau da tran mat bang trudng khoan va chay vao be ehira dung djch thai sa xuat cua nhan vien phu trach may ly tam Anzoil da td chuc thu gom dau tran va lam sach hien trudng; • Su ed tran dau tai khu md Bach Hd ciia VSP xay 11/06/1999 dirt d'ng dan dau tai khu vuc monobouy UBN tau Ba Vi Su ed da dupe xir ly va khae phue kjp thdi Lupng dau tran udc tinh khoang 2,4.m^ Thiet hai khdng dang ke' THLTC T R A N G C O N G TAC QUAN LY SCMT TRONG N G A N H DAU KHI Nhufng van de chung Yeu cau phdng ngUa va khae phuc SCMT da dupe quy djnh rd Luat Bao vd Mdi trudng Nguyen tac chung eiia cdng tae quan ly SCMT la vide phdng ngua ludn hii'u hieu, de dang va tiet kiem han rat nhieu so vdi vide khae phuc su ed SCMT, dac biet la SCTD, mdt da xay thi kha nang cdng vide thu gom va lam sach thudng rat thap va chi phi cho cdng vide la rat tdn kem, nhieu khdng eiru van ndi Muc tieu can dat dupe edng tae la han che de'n mure thap nhat kha nang xay su ed va han 453 Hoi nghi KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' che mirc dp cung nhu quy md neu su cd xay Oe dap img nhu cau phuc vu cdng tac phdng chdng SCTD hoat ddng Dau khi, TCTDK da xay dung hai trung tam ung cuu SCTD (thudc XNLD VSP va Cdng ty djch vu Ky thuat Dau PTSC) TU dupe lap eho tdi hai trung tam khdng ngUng dupe phat then, dau tu nang cap vdi vide trang bj mdt he thd'ng thie't bi irng eiru tuang ddi day dii va hien dai; mdt dpi ngu chuyen gia va edng nhan dupe dao tao ve ky thuat Ung cdu; mdt luc lupng hd trp to Idn phuc vu Ung cuu can thie't gdm dpi tau thuyen, he thd'ng thdng tin lien lac, cang djch vu, may bay djch vu va can eu hau can Ca hai trung tam deu dupe dat d cang Vung Tau, mdt dja diem thuan lpi cho vide tap ket va huy ddng thie't bj irng ciru cd SCTD xay ra, va deu thudng xuyen true 24/24 gid sin sang phd'i hpp hd trp lan can thiet Vi vay hai trung tam da lam tdt vide chuan bj sin sang urng cuu cd SCTD vdi quy md vira va nhq xay ndi bd md Bach Hd va Rdng ddng thdi ed day dii kha nang dap irng tdt cac yeu cau djch vu ve irng ciru SCTD eho tat ca eae edng ty dau nude ngoai dang tien hanh cac hoat ddng tham dd khai thac dau tai Viet Nam Oe' cd ea che dieu hanh edng tac phdng ngUa va khae phuc SCMT dat hieu qua cao, TCTDK da lap Ban chi dao ddi vdi tinh hudng khan cap (sau day gpi tat la BCO) mdt Phd Tdng giam ddc lam trudng ban; cac uy vien bao gdm cac Trudng phdng d cd quan Tdng cdng ty va Giam ddc mdt sd dan vj cd lien quan de'n edng tae irng ciru; td chuyen vien giiip vide eho Ban chi dao dupe tap hpp tU mdt sd phdng cd lien quan Td'ng edng ty Ban chi dao ed mdt phdng true su cd 24/24 gid tai tru sd Van phdng Tdng cdng ty sin sang trie'n khai nhanh chdng cac hoat ddng irng curu SCMT xay Cac dan vj true thudc va eae nha thau deu ed bd phan chi dao ep sd edng tac irng cdu su cd Phong ngCTa, ngan chan va han che SCMT TCTDK da chua'n bj va thi hanh mdt chien lupc phdng ngua, ngan chan va han che SCMT nham han che de'n mire thap nhat kha nang xay su ed Chien lupc bao gdm mdt sd van de cd ban sau: • Cdng nghe ap dung Nganh Dau phai phii hdp, "sach" va cd tinh an toan cao Oieu dd cd nghla la cdng nghe phai tao it chat thai va/hoae chat thai khdng hoae it gay tac ddng tdi mdi trudng, kha nang xay SCMT la thap, gdp phan djnh hudng dung dan cho ke hoach dau tu phdng chdng su ed ddng thdi cung cap giai phap hiiru hieu khae phuc su cd mdt xay ra; • Kie'm soat vide thie't ke, thi edng cac edng trinh tuan thu theo cac tieu chuan Qudc te ve ky thuat (vi du nhu API, DNV v.v ) va quy trinh van hanh tuan thii dung quy trinh da dupe thiet ke; • Lap ke hoach quan ly SCMT ap dung eho tat ca eae ITnh vuc bao triim tU tham dd, khai thae, van chuyen de'n tang tru, che bie'n dau va eae djch vu ed lien quan; dd chu trpng phuang an phdng tranh su ed va phudng tien de' xif ly khae phuc su cd May mdc thie't bj can dupe bao tri bao dudng theo dung che dp; • Thudng xuyen kie'm tra, giam sat phat hien nhUng hien tupng cd nguy cd gay SCMT Xir ly kjp thdi cae didn bien bat thudng hay cac nguy ca d nhiem, suy thoai mdi trudng ma cdng tac quan trac mdi trudng da phat hien va canh bao nham giam thieu nhung thiet hai ve kinh te - xa hdi - mdi trudng; • Thuc hien nghiem tiie ed hieu qua cac bien phap giam thieu tae ddng, bao ve mdi trudng da de xuat bao cao danh gia tae ddng mdi trudng (OTM) eiia du an; • Nghien eiru danh gia riii ro eho cac hoat ddng dau lam cd sd cho vide djnh hudng chien lupc phdng chdng SCMT Ket qua ciia nhung nd luc cdng tac phdng ngira SCMT eiia TCTDK la sud't thdi gian qua da khdng xay mpt su ed cd tinh hiem hpa nao toan bd cae hoat ddng Dau khL 454 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' CTng va khae phuc SCMT Xif ly va khae phue SCMT la edng vide phirc tap va khd khan, ddi hdi su td chire phdi hpp mau le kjp thdi va vide ap dung cae ky thuat ung eiru phii hpp Oe dap irng yeu eau xir ly va khae phue kjp thdi eae SCTD ca nude dang gia tang, phu hpp vdi hoan canh thue te hien tai ddng thdi chua'n bj mdt bude eho cac hoat ddng ifng cUu tdng the' tran dau qudc gia; Bd KHCNMT da ban hanh Thdng tu sd 2262/TT-MTg 29/12/1995 de' hudng dan vide khae phue va xir ly SCTD lien quan den cac hoat ddng tim kie'm, tham dd, khai thac, van ehuye'n, che bie'n, phan phd'i va tang trU dau va san pham dau khL Do dae thu ciia hoat ddng dau khi, kha nang xay SCMT thudng rat eao Vi vay vide chuan bj san sang ifng cuu SCMT la can thie't va quan trpng toan bd cae hoat ddng eiia Nganh Dau Cdng tac td chirc bd may quan ly va lap Ke hoach img eiru SCMT eiing vide xay dung luc lupng, phuang tien irng curu phu hpp sin sang then khai kjp thdi va ehinh xac cac hoat ddng irng cdu trudng hpp su ed xay nham giam thieu thiet hai gay la yeu td quyet djnh cdng eua cdng tae irng cuu va khae phue SCMT Ve finh vue TCTDK da ed nhtrng chuan bi sau: a Xay dung ke hoach dng cdu SCMT Vdi su ddi eiia Ban ehi dao ddi vdi tinh hudng khan cap, TCTDK da xay dung Ke hoach hanh dgng tinh huong khan cap (sau day gpi tat la KHHD) Ke hoach se la mdt edng cu de' TCTDK quan ly va chi dao edng tae xCr ly va khae phuc SCMT, nham: • Lam ca sd cho vide chii ddng trie'n khai nhiJTig hoat ddng tac nghiep ciia BCO vide chi dao cdng tac irng ciru sir ed va tim kie'm - ciru nan dau khi; • Xac djnh trach nhiem eiia eae td chirc ca nhan cd lien quan; • Quy djnh vide thue hien cac hoat ddng Ung ciru va hpp tac dng ciru cd hieu qua cung nhu hudng dan cae thii tuc can thie't trudng hpp xay SCMT Ke hoach dng cdu SCTD trinh bay dudi day la sir cu the' hda va la phan chu chdt quan trpng nhat eiia KHHD Hien tai, TCTDK dang hoan thien vide lap Ke hoach irng ciru SCTD nham nang eao nang luc irng cuu va td chirc irng ciru mdt each cd hieu qua Ke hoach chac chan se la mdt phan quan trpng eiia Ke hoach irng eiru SCTD Qudc gia Ke hoach dupe xay dung tren ca sd djnh hudng chien lupc chung nhu sau: • Nguyen tae dng ciru ehii dao la dua dau khdi mdi trudng bang phuang phap thu gom ca hpc theo phuang cham cang nhanh, cang gan ngudn gay d nhiem cang tdt de tranh gay them tae hai eho mdi trudng ehinh hoat ddng thu hdi dau gay ra; • Cudng quyet khdng de' dau tran lan vao cac khu vuc mdi trudng nhay cam eao nhu: viing bd, khu du Ijch, rirng ngap man, khu vuc nudi trdng thiiy san; • Cae phuang phap lam giam tae hai khae nhu xif ly bang chat phan tan dau hoae phan hiiy sinh hoc v.v cd the dupe sir dung neu nhu vide sir dung chiing tao nen su giam thieu tdng the' eae tae ddng •de'n mdi trudng hieu qua han so vdi vide ehi thu hdi dau bang phuang phap ea hpc Muc tieu cLia ke hoach irng cdu SCTD la giam tdi miirc thap nhat tac hai ciia SCTD den mdi trudng, dac biet de'n cac ngudn nude; cac he sinh thai thiiy sinh, bie'n va ven bie'n; giam eae thiet hai kinh te trudc mat va lau dai; gdp phan bao ve mdi trudng dam bao su phat then ben vdng eiia nen kinh te - xa hdi b Quan ly va chi dao cong tac dng cdu SCMT Hieu qua eiia vide Ung eiru su ed phu thudc chu yeu vao edng tae chi dao va td chuc irng ciru Giiip Tdng giam ddc TCTDK thue hien hoat ddng edng tae irng eiru SCMT pham vi hoat ddng eua 455 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' Nganh Dau la nhidm vu trpng yeu ciia BCO Nham tang eudng edng tae TCTDK da: • Yeu cau tat ca cac du an trudc then khai ngoai Bao cao OTM (theo quy djnh ciia Luat Bao vd Mdi trudng) nhat thie't phai cd Ke hoach img cuu su cd khan cap (va Ke hoach ung eUu SCTD neu ed lien quan) da dupe phe duyet Ke hoach phai phii hpp vdi yeu cau irng eUu ciia tUng mire dp su ed va phai phii hpp vdi ke hoach ifng curu cua TCTDK; • Thiet lap va tUng bude nang cap, kien toan he thd'ng trang thiet bj Ung eUu SCTD eiia Nganh Dau tai 02 trung tam urng cdu SCTD da dupe ndi tdi d phan tren; • Td chUe dao tao, huan luyen, dien tap thudng xuyen dd' nang eao kha nang sin sang Ung phd vdi mpi tinh hudng su ed ed the bat ngd xay toan bd hoat ddng eiia Nganh Dau c Nang luc dng cuu SCTD cua Nganh Dau hien Theo danh gia sa bd ciia cac chuyen gia thi nang lire ciia cac trang thie't bj irng cdu SCTD hien cd ciia Nganh Dau cd the dii dd' ddi phd vdi cac vu tran dau d mirc dp dudi 500 tan Vdi nhung vu tran dau ed mire dp Idn tren 500 tan can yeu eau su hd trp eiia luc lupng irng ciru tU nude ngoai thdng qua thda thuan trudc Cae edng ty tiem an riii ro tran dau deu trang bj tai hien trudng thie't bj du kha nang de' irng eiru eae SCTD cap dp (lupng dau tran nhd han 15 tan) Ngoai ngudn luc ve thie't bj va eon ngudi, TCTDK edn ed mdt luc lupng hd trp to Idn kem theo gdm 01 dpi tau thuyen va thiiy thii phuc vu cho vide rai phao quay va thu gom dau, he thdng thdng tin lien lac giua tat ea eae dan vj cd lien quan va dpi irng ciru, cang djch vu, may bay dieh vu va can cd hau can Oe cdng tae irng ciru SCTD ed hieu qua, song song vdi viee dau tu cd sd vat chat cho irng eiru su ed, TCTDK da thuc hien cac chuang trinh nghien curu trie'n khai phuc vu eho ke hoach irng ciru SCTD nhu: • Lap ban dd nhay cam mdi trudng eho khu vuc tU mui Ke Ga den mui Ca Mau, khu vue cd kha nang chju arih hudng nhieu nhat eiia SCTD hoat ddng dau Ban dd phuc vu cho vide phan vung uu tien bap ve tai cac vung ed hoat ddng dau va la ea sd de' lira chpn eae phuang an Ung cUu huu hieu; • Sir dung md hinh lan truyen dau de' xac dinh hudng trdi dat cua dau tran, lam cd sd cho vide lira chpn phupng an irng ciru phii hpp va ed hieu qua; ^ • Mdt sd de tai nghien cUu phuc vu cdng nghe dng eiru nhu: lua chpn chat phan tan dau thich hpp vdi mdi trudng bie'n Viet Nam, san xuat chat phan tan dau tU nguyen lieu nude, kha nang phan hiiy ciia dau thd v.v d Mot so van de can giai quyet Tir kinh nghiem irng eiru SCTD ciia eae To chire dng cdu Qudc te va khu vue va tU thue trang hien cdng tae img eiru SCTD cua Nganh Dau ed the nhan thay mdt sd van de chua dupe giai quyet sau day: • Chua cd mdt td chde hpp tac irng cdu SCTD gida cac cdng ty Dau dang hoat ddng d Viet Nam de phd'i hpp hanh ddng su ed xay Sap tdi day, su ddi cua cac nha may che bie'n dau ciing vdi vide md rdng kinh doanh xuat nhap khau va phan phdi san pham dau se dan de'n nhung riii ro mdi trudng mdi, nhung loai SCTD mdi cung nhu mdi trudng tiep nhan dau tran mdi Vi vay, su ddi eiia mdt td chde nhu vay la dac biet can thiet ddi vdi su phat trie'n ciia Nganh Dau tuang lai; • Chua coi trpng thich dang den edng tae irng cdu ven bd va tren bd Thue te cho thay hieu qua dng cuu phu thupe rat nhieu vao dieu kien thdi tiet Viet Nam, hien tai hau het cac gian khoan nam d viing bien xa dat lien, sau, ed gid to sdng Idn, hai luu manh, thdi tiet ndi chung khdng thuan lpi cho ung ciru 456 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' Nhu vay hien nhien phai chap nhan mdt kha nang rat Idn tham ehi ehii yeu la dau tran khdng duac thu gom gan ngudn gay tran ma se trdi dat tren bie'n, tham chi dat vao viing ven bd SCTD xay d nude ta Oieu dd cd nghla la phai chua'n bi sin sang cho cac hoat ddng Ung ciru ven bd va tren bd Cae ke hoach Ung ciru SCTD eiia cae cdng ty deu tinh de'n kha nang chi vien eiia VSP va PTSC ed SCTD Idn xay Vay ma ke hoach hay bao eao thie't bj ciia 02 dan vj lai ehi ehii trpng de'n kha nang dng phd d ngoai khai; • Chua ed hudng dan danh gia mure dp thiet hai mdi trudng va cae thii tue phap ly cho vide bdi thudng cac thiet hai gay bdi eae SCMT hoat ddng dau Sir thieu hut da khien cho vide xac djnh thiet hai cung nhu mire dp bdi thudng thiet hai SCMT gay gap nhieu khd khan va lung tung thieu Cd sd ly luan, phuang phap luan K^T LUAN VA KIEN NGHj TU thuc trang edng tae quan ly SCMT Nganh Dau cd the rut mdt sd ket luan sau: Hoat ddng dau tiem an nhieu riii ro xay SCMT SCMT ma dae biet la SCTD neu xay se gay nhung thiet hai kinh te - xa hdi - mdi trudng nang ne; gay suy thoai mdi trudng nghiem trpng ma vide khae phuc hau qua, phue hdi mdi trudng ton kem, mat nhieu thdi gian tham ehi nhieu khdng cdu van dupe; TCTDK da xay dung chien lupc phdng ngUa va khae phue SCMT nham han che tdi mUe thap nhat kha nang xay su cd va giam thie'u tac hai neu sir ed xay Ke hoach dng cuu SCTD ma TCTDK sap hoan thien chac chan se la mdt edng eu sac ben de' nang cao nang lire Ung ciru va td chde dng cdu mdt each cd hieu qua; TCTDK cd day du kha nang de dng phd ddi vdi cac SCTD ed mdc dp dau tran tdi 500 tan Vdi nhung vu dau tran Idn tren 500 tan can yeu eau su hd trp tU nude ngoai theo thda thuan trudc; Do lam tdt cdng tae quan ly SCMT nen sud't 25 nam qua ke tU lap, TCTDK, toan bd eae hoat ddng eua minh, da khdng de' xay mdt su ed ed tinh hie'm hpa nao Tuy nhien, thuc trang cdng tac dng cdu van cdn bde Id mdt sd han che nhu: thie'u mdt td chde hpp tae irng cdu SCTD giua cac cdng ty Dau de' phd'i hpp hanh ddng su cd xay ra, thieu thie't bj dng cdu ven bd va tren bd, thieu ca sd ly luan va phuang phap luan de danh gia thiet hai va xac djnh mure bdi thudng thiet hai su cd gay De' khae phuc nhung bat cap neu tren nham dat dupe muc tieu han che tdi muc thap nhat kha nang xay su cd va giam thie'u thiet hai neu su cd xay chung tdi xin de xuat mpt sd kien nghj sau: Nhanh chdng hoan thien Ke hoach dng cdu SCTD ciia Nganh Dau va thiet lap mdt td chuc hpp tae dng cdu SCTD giua cae edng ty Dau dang hoat ddng tai Viet Nam; Oau tu them thie't bj va chuan bi cac phuang an eho urng cdu ven bd va tren bd; Tien hanh cac nghien cdu gdp phan djnh hudng cho cdng tae phdng chdng va khae phue SCMT; Thanh lap quy mdi trudng de' khae phuc tinh trang suy thoai mdi trudng, d nhidm mdi trudng va SCMT; quy bdi thudng thiet hai va khae phuc hau qua ciia SCMT; Nha nude can sdm ban hanh Ke hoach Qudc gia dng cdu SCTD de cd su phdi hpp va ho trp toan qudc, phat huy tdi da ngudn lire hien ed; bdi le dng cdu SCTD la mdt eude chien dau ed lien quan den nhieu nganh, nhieu ngudi, nhieu dja phupng, nhieu phUPng tien va cudc chien dau chi chien thang cd chien lupc dung dan, phuang an phu hpp va phdi hpp hanh ddng chat che giua cac vien 457 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bp KHCNMT - Cue Mdi trudng, Cac quy dinh phap luat ve Moi trudng (tap I), Nha xuat ban ehinh trj Qudc gia, HaNdi, 1995 Bd KHCNMT - Cue mdi trudng, Quan ly hanh chinh ve Bao ve Moi trudng, Ha Npi, 1998 IMO, Manual on oil pollution (Section II: Contingency planning, London, 1995; Section IV: Combating oil spills, London ,1988; Section V: Administrative aspects of oil pollution response, London, 1998) IMO-GESAMP, Impact of oil and related chemicals and wastes on the manne environment, London, 1993 IMO/UNEP, Guidelines on oil spill dispersant application including environmental considerations, London, 1995 Korea Institute of Martime and Fisheries Technology (KIMFT), The training course on "Oil spilt crisis management simulation", Pusan - Korea, 7/1999 R.B Clark, Marine pollution, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1997, Timothy Riordan, Environment science for environmental management (Chapter 2: Kerry Turner, Environmental economies and management), Longman Group Ltd., England, 1995 Td'ng cdng ty Dau Viet Nam, Sao cao hien trang moi trudng nam 1995 -1999, Ha Npi, 4/1999 10 Woodward-Clyde (NZ) LTD, Environmental management - Vietnam oil and gas exploration and production industry (Final Report for PetroVietnam), 6/1994 11 Woodward - Clyde (NZ) Ltd., The training course "Oil spill response", Vung Tau, 5/1995 458 ... phdng chdng 452 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21'' DI^M QUA MOT S SCMT XAY RA TRONG HOAT OONG DAU KHI VIET NAM Viet Nam hoat ddng dau hien dang d giai doan tham dd khai... dd dau dupe then khai tu nhung nam 60 TU nam 1981 chiing ta tien hanh khai thac d Tien Hai - Thai Binh va ddng dau dau tien dupe lay len tU Idng dat md Bach Hd vao nam 1986 Oen da khai thae dupe... England, 1995 Td''ng cdng ty Dau Viet Nam, Sao cao hien trang moi trudng nam 1995 -1999, Ha Npi, 4/1999 10 Woodward-Clyde (NZ) LTD, Environmental management - Vietnam oil and gas exploration and production