Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau khi Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21'''' NGHIEN CLTU HLTONG VAN OONG COA DAU M 6 BACH HO DlJA TREN QUY LUAT PHAN Dl TRONG LtJC CUA CAC VI NGUYEN TO TRONG DAU PHUC VU KHAI THAC[.]
Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' NGHIEN CLTU HLTONG VAN OONG COA DAU M BACH HO DlJA TREN QUY LUAT PHAN Dl TRONG LtJC CUA CAC VI NGUYEN TO TRONG DAU PHUC VU KHAI T H A C KS Le Manh Quyet TTNC&PTCB Dau TOM TAT Viec nghien ciru hudng van dgng ciia dau mo mot md dau ddng vai tro quan trgng ke hoach khai thac nhu thiet ke gieng khoan, dinh vi gieng khoan dac biet la qua trinh bam ep nude dedua dau len Bai bao gidi thieu phuang phap nghien cuu va ket qua thuc nghiem a mo Bach Ho, bao gom cac phan sau: Ly thuyet ve su cd mat cac vi nguyen to hoa hoc dau, md hinh ve nguyen ly phan di trgng luc ciia cac vi nguyen td dau mo va hudng van dgng cua chung Ap dung phuang phap tren de nghien ciru cho mo Bach Ho Chung toi da phan tich cac vi nguyen to cd mat dau mo Bach Ho va dua tren ket qua do, ap dung quy luat phan dl trgng luc ciia cac vi nguyen to vdi muc dich xac dinh hudng chuyen dgng ngang, hudng chuyen dgng thing dirng cua dau mo cac gieng khoan mo Bach Ho Phan thao tuan Sau xac dinh hudng chuyen dgng cua dau mo bang phuang phap tren, chung tdi da so sanh vdi ket qua cua cac phuang phap khae da dugc thuc hien a mo Bach Ho thay rang phuang phap "vi nguyen to" uu viet han cac phuang phap khae, nd cho phep chung ta nghien cUu viing rdng han, va it bi anh huang ciia cac yeu to, dieu kien Idng dat, do nO co chinh xac cao, dac biet phuang phap cd the nghien cuu dugc su thdng ciia da tang mdng va tap trung ciia dau mo vao mot viing nhat dinh nao Ket qua nghien c&u da dugc ap dung de khai thac dau a XNLD Vietsovpetro LY THUYET V£ SL/ CO MAT CAC NGUYEN TO HOA HOC TRONG DAU VA MO HJNH HOA NGUYEN LY P H A N Dl TRONG LlJC CUA CAC NGUYEN TO OE XAC OjNH HLTONG CHUYEN O Q N G COACHUNG Su" ton tai cac nguyen to hoa hoc dau mo Dau md hinh da cd san cac nguyen td hoa hpc vi cac hgp chat hti'u ca nhu sinh vat la ngudn gdc ciia dau md cung mang minh cac vi nguyen td hoa hpc Ttr hinh den tieh tu md, dau phai trai qua nhieu bien ddng phirc tap ciia thdi gian, nhiet dp, ap suat va nhieu dieu kien hoa hpc Idng dat Dau md phai di djch qua nhieu cau tao dja chat khae va keo theo mdt sd nguyen td ttr ben ngoai vao Trong qua trinh khai thae, dau md tiep xuc vdi nhieu vat chat khae ngudi tao nhu: btin khoan, nude, xi mang, dung cu khoan tham dd, v.v lai mdt lan nt/a dau md bj cae nguyen td ciia cae vat chat dd xam nhap vao Qua qua trinh nghien ciru, cac nha khoa hpc da kham pha khoang 80 nguyen td hoa hpc khae cd mat dau md Rieng dau md Bach Hd d Viet Nam, Vien Gupkin da phat hien 72 nguyen td hoa 91 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' hoc, ham lugng cac nguyen td ttr ed miligam dd'n hang tram miligam lOOg dau md Neu ddt chay dau md ma da tach tap chat ea hpc va nude thi eae nguyen td hoa hpc ton tai dudi dang tro, chiem ty le ttr 0,0001 den 0,03% Tat nhien dau md d mdi vting khae cd ham lugng tro khae Phan chii yeu cua tro dau gdm cae oxyt ciia Fe, V, Ni va cac kim loai khae nhu Al, Si, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn, Cu, Co, Sn, Pb, Zn, Ti, Cr, Se, Ga, Ge, Sr, Zr, Br, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Te, Cs, Ba, La, W, Pt, Bi, Hg, As, U, Th, Ta, Li, B, Be, v.v Ngudi ta phat hien rang mdi trudng khd, vat lieu huu ea ed lugng porfirin rat phong phu, dd porfirin vanadi ludn chiem uu the hdn so vdi eae porfirin khae nhu Ni Trong mdi trudng oxy hoa, xay qua trinh nguge lai Khi nghien eiru be tram tieh d My, Lien Xd, Angieri ngudi ta thay rang via dau vat lieu hiiru ea cd ngudn gdc luc dia, ty sd pristan/phytan tang, ham lugng cac kim loai tang nhu Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu cdn V ddng vai trd phu Trong mdi trudng khir ty sd pristan/phytan (VA/"*, S/N) giam va ham lugng cac kim loai giam nhu: Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ti Nhieu cdng trinh nghien curu da chirng minh rang qua trinh sinh dau ttr mirc dp trudng thap den mirc dp trudng cao se sinh cac san pham hydroeaebon tuang dng, dd la qua trinh be gly cac cau true phirc tap ciia vat lieu ht/u cd Oe chuyen hoa cac dang khae ciia hydroeaebon, vat lieu hti'u ca phai trai qua nhieu pha trudng khae nhau, gdm ba giai doan: tao da, nhiet xiic tac va bie'n chat Cng vdi mdi giai doan, vat lieu huu ca sinh cac san pham khae dan den ham lugng eae nguyen td hoa hpc khae Cac nguyen td 0, N, S va cae nguyen td kim loai ed nhieu cac phan nhua va asphalten, qua trinh chuyen hoa ciia vat lieu hti'u ca ttr mire dp thap tdi mire dp eao, sinh su mat dan cac hgp chat nhua va asphalten lam cho ham lugng cac nguyen td hoa hpc giam dan mire dp bien chat thap ham lugng cac vi nguyen td tang len Qua trinh di cu cua dau md cung anh hudng den ham lugng cac nguyen td hoa hpc, di cu cang xa cac kim loai nhe va cd tinh tra cao se di chuyen nhanh va xa cting phan nhe mach thing ciia dau md Trong pham vi cua mdt md dau, viec khai thac dau tao nen mdt su van ddng nhanh han nhieu so vdi di cu ty nhien eua dau md, dd la dieu kien thuan lgi cho su phan bd lai phan hydroeaebon ddng thdi keo theo su phan bd lai cac nguyen td hoa hpc, su phan bd tuan theo quy luat phan dj trpng luc, cac nguyen td cd trpng lugng nguyen tir nhe van ddng nhanh hen cac nguyen td cd trpng lugng nguyen tir nang han Mo hinh ve nguyen ly phan dj life cua cac nguyen to dau mo va hi/dng van dong ciia chung a Hien tugng dau mo d nai khae van dong den Oe nghien ciru sy khae biet giua dau cu va dau mdi (dau ndi khae van ddng tdi), pham vi ciia mdt gie'ng khoan khai thac, ta xet theo md hinh tudng ty eiia sac ky cdt (Hinh 1) Hien tugng van ddng ciia dau Idng dat gidng nhu hien tugng dau chuyen ddng cdt sac ky Idng, d day da chira ddng vai trd chat hap phu, dudi tac ddng ciia nhiet dp, ap suat, dau md van ddng theo mdt hudng nhat djnh Odi vdi cpt sac ky, mdi mau dau di qua cdt se thyc hien mpt chu ky, ed mdt mau dau khae dua vao nd lai thyc hien mdt chu ky mdi tiep tl^eo Dau md chuyen dpng Idng dat, tha'm qua eae Idp da tham va da chura cung tuan thii theo nguyen tae nhu dau chuyen ddng cdt sac ky Qua phan tich va tdng hgp, neu xuat hien mdt chu ky khae tiep theo eiia cae nguyen td tire la ed sy van ddng eiia dau nai khae tdi gie'ng khoan dd Tat nhien sy khae biet giua mdi trudng Idng dat va mdi trudng hap phu cdt sac ky la khae nhau, bdi vay can phai cd nhieu sd lieu mdt thdi gian nhat djnh va tinh theo xac suat thdng ke cho tung nguyen td hoa hpc va cho toan bd cae nguyen td eho nhieu lan phan tich khae mdt thdi gian nhat djnh b Mo hinh hoa hudng chuyen dgng cua dau mo theo chieu ngang 92 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' Theo md hinh ve nguyen ly phan dj trpng luc cua cac nguyen td hoa hpc dau md khai thac, dau md di qua cac Idp da tham bj hap phu vao cac Id rdng, khe nirt ne eua da day, da tham ddng vai trd chat hap phu, tat nhien mdi trudng hap phu d day khdng ddng nhat va ed cau triic phirc tap ve cae kich thudc Id rdng, khe ndt rat khae Dudi tac dung ciia nhiet dp, ap suat than md, dau md chuyen djch mdi trudng hap phu se duge dua len mat dat theo nguyen tac phan dj trpng lye, cae phan nhe di trudc, eae phan nang han di sau Odi vdi cac nguyen td hoa hpc se xay theo nguyen ly phan dj trpng lye nhu sau: • Cac nguyen td cdng sinh (dang ea kim) se chuyen ddng cung dau md len mat dat • Cae nguyen td hoa hpc dang ty se bj chi phdi theo nguyen tac phan di trpng lye, dudi tac ddng ciia ap suat qua trinh khai thae, nguyen td cd trpng lugng nguyen tir thap se chuyen ddng trudc, cae nguyen td cd trpng lugng nguyen tir cao han se chuyen dpng sau • Trong qua trinh khai thae, viec tae ddng vao ddng dau chuyen ddng se gia tang manh han so vdi qua trinh ty nhien, dudi tae ddng eiia ap suat Idn, nhiet dp eao, mdt sd nguyen td hoa hpc se bj birt khdi cau true phan tir trd ion ty va chuyen ddng theo hudng ddng dau khai thac Md hinh (Hinh 2): Gia thiet cae nguyen td hoa hpc cd sy sap xep ty nhd den Idn theo nguyen tir lugng nhu A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, 0, neu ta khoan khai thac d hai dja diem khae nhau, dja diem va dja diem 2, theo nguyen ly phan dj trpng lye eiia cac nguyen td hoa hpc thi nguyen td A cd nguyen tir lugng nhd nhat se di trudc nguyen td B cd nguyen tir lugng Idn hdn A va cir tiep tuc nhu vay den C va den nguyen td N va eudi cting la Trong qua trinh phan tieh va xir ly sd lieu, mudn biet nguyen td A den sdm han nguyen td B ta can phai xem xet sa dd Hinh 2, ta se thay ed hai diem khoan bat ky: diem va diem Diem vao luc ndng dp ciia A la 1, diem vao luc ndng dp eiia nguyen td A eao nhat la va nhan xet thay nguyen td A tang tU diem den diem Sau xem xet sy sap xep ciia tat ca cac nguyen td hoa hpc ta se cd bang ket qua (Bang 1) sau: Bang Sy bien ddi cac ham lugng cac nguyen td hoa hpc giua hai diem khoan Nguyen to Nong nguyen total gieng khai thac Nong nguyen to tai gieng khai thac Bien doi A Tang Tang C Tang D 4 Bang E Giam G Giam H Giam Theo Bang thi cac nguyen td tU A den C, ham lugng tang td diem khoan den diem khoan 2, va bat dau tU nguyen td E den H cd ham lugng giam dan td diem khoan den diem khoan Trong qua trinh bie'n ddi ham lugng eiia cae nguyen td hoa hpc ty tang sau dd giam, cd thdi diem can bang (nhu nguyen td D) Vay dya vao qua trinh tang va giam ciia cac nguyen td ta cd the xac djnh duge hudng chuyen dpng ciia chiing tu ndi tdi nai khae Dya tren quy luat phan dj trpng lye nhu dugc md ta qua md hinh hoa, dd la dieu kien ly tudng, chat hap phu la ddng nhat va ed dp mao din hoan toan nhu Trong thyc te, mdi trudng hap phu d md khai thac la than da chua dau lai khdng hoan toan ddng nhat vi nd cd cau tao ve dja 93 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' chat rat phirc tap, tren dudng di ciia dau md ed nhieu tae ddng eua mdi trudng va cac dieu kien cu the ciia vung nghien cuu, bdi vay phai dya tren tinh thdng ke ciia rat nhieu cac ket qua phan tich thai gian dai mdi ed the ket luan mpt each tuang ddi ciia quy luat AP DUNG QUY LUAT PHAN Dj TRONG LL/C CUA CAC NGUYEN TO HOA HOC TRONG DAU OE XAC DINH HLTONG CHUYEN D O N G CUA OAU MO BACH HO Trong nghien ciru nay, 44 gieng khoan md Baeh Ho da duge lay miu de phan tich va lay mau d thdi diem khae cac nam 1997 -1998 Cae gie'ng khoan lay mau: 90, 110, 80,102, 67, 66, 60, 811, 809, 803, 801, 902, 918, 903, 910, 904, 901, 412, 407, 445, 450, 1102, 404, 411, 401, 413, 406, 403, 408, 426, 420, 2, 417, 456, 442, 422, 402, 462,436,431,437,423,415,419 Cac nguyen td hoa hpc duge phan tieh dau md Bach Hd: Li, B, N, Na, Mg, Al, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Te, Cs, Ba, Pb day Li la nguyen td nhe nhat va nang nhat la nguyen td Pb Mdi dgt phan tich la 28 chi tieu cac nguyen td hoa hpc d 44 gie'ng Tdng sd 1232 chi tieu phan tieh, ti'nh ea dgt lay mau la 4928 chi tieu Cac nguyen td ehii yeu dugc phan tich tren may hap thu nguyen tir, ket qua ehinh xac (do khudn khd eua bai bao nen khdng dua ket qua phan tieh) Ket qua xac djnh hi/dng chuyen dong theo chieu ngang cua dau mo than dau mong Oe xac djnh hudng chuyen ddng theo chieu ngang ciia dau md mdt each tdng hgp, can phai nghien eiru ehi tiet tung cap gieng, cae cap gieng can phai dugc chpn Ipe qua thir nghiem va hudng uu tien eua chiing Toan bd cau tao dja chat eiia than dau mdng, hoat ddng kien tao, than da mdng bj phong hoa, nirt ne, bam vam ed cac vet nirt tU nhd den Idn Cac dirt gay chinh va Idn hudng theo phia dpc theo than mdng Odng Bae - Tay Nam Neu xet ve sy chuyen ddng ciia chat Idng, thi cae khe nirt Idn chiem uu tien han cac dirt gay nhd Vi vay hudng Ddng Bae - Tay Nam dugc xet uu tien han Xet theo phuang dien md hinh hoa nguyen ly phan dj trpng lye cua cac nguyen td hoa hoc, ket hgp vdi viec xet hudng uu tien dpc theo eae vet nirt ciia than da mdng va qua xir ly cac ket qua phan tich, da thiet lap bang ma hoa cac ket qua phan tieh theo sa dd md hinh hoa nhu Bang Td Bang xac djnh chi tiet dugc hudng chuyen ddng ciia cac gieng khoan nhu sau: Ty vting gie'ng 80 den 90, 67 den 811,102 den 66, 809 den 811, 803 den 918, 918 den 910, 920 den 901, 407 den 411, 450 den 413, 903 den 904, 904 den 412, 401 den 413, 404 den 406, 406 den 408, 417 den 420,422 den 2, 419 de'n''415, 437 den 431, 442 den 420, 423 den 402 Ty viec xac djnh chi tiet sy chuyen ddng ciia dau md cae vting gie'ng, ta ed the thie't lap hudng chuyen ddng tdng hgp eiia ea viing Bach Hd (Hinh 3) Sau xem xet quy luat phan dj dya tren bang ma hoa (Bang 2) va dya tren tinh xac suat thdng ke eiia quy luat phan dj eiia gan 5.000 chi tieu phan tich ciia 28 nguyen td, da din den viec xac dinh hudng chuyen ddng eua dau theo chieu ngang theo sa dd Hinh Theo sa dd hudng chuyen ddng tdng quat cd xu the uu tien han ciia dau md Bach Hd la tU Ddng Bae xudng Tay Nam va can Tay Nam Hudng chuyen ddng nguae lai tu Tay Nam hudng vao Trung tam sudn phia Tay ciia cau tao dau md cd hudng chuyen ddng td Tay Nam len Odng Bae Ket qua hi/dng chuyen dong theo chieu thing dijfng cua dau mo cac gieng khoan day tat ca cac gieng khoan da dugc thiet lap bieu dd phd sac ky phan dj ciia tat ea eae nguyen td hoa hpc dau md Theo nhu ly thuyet ve phd sac ky (Hinh 1) ta cd the phan biet duge cae chu ky khae cua sy phan dj de khang dinh dau cua tdng gie'ng khoan la van ddng tu nai khae tdi hay dau tai 94 Hpi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' Bang Bang thdng ke sy phan di tang giam eiia eae nguyen td ciia eae cap gie'ng khoan cap GK 80-90 Li N Na Mg Al s K Ca Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Br Sr MoCd Cs Ba Pb - -1- + -1- - - - • -1- • -1- + + - + - - 4- - • • -t- - • • • + -1- + • -1- - + + -1- + + • + -f - - -1- • - -t- -H + • -1- + + - • + -1- • + -1- + + • + H- -t- -t- -1- + • + • - - - - - -1- -1- + + - Deft 67-811 102 - 66 902 - 901 407-411 450-413 904 - 903 - + + -1- - + + + + -1- + + + • + + - + + -1- + m • + + -f + + ô - - ã - • - + - - -1- + -1- - • -1- H- • • -1- • + • - - - - -1- - - - • -f - • - - - -1- - - - - - + -1- I + -1- + + + + H- + + -1- + + + -t- + + -1- - -1- • -f- • + -1- + + + + + + + • + + + • -f - • -H - - -t- • • - + - m + + + -1- -H • - • + - + + - • + + - - + + + + - + + + - + + m + + + + + -1- + + m + + + + + -1- + + + + + + + - + -f - - + + + • + + + - + + + + -1- - -t- -1- + -t- -H -1- + • -(- + + -1- -1- - -(- -f -I-: -1- 910-918 - + -(- + 4- -1- -(- + -1- -1- -t- + -t- -t- -1- -1- • - • -1- -1- m + H- - -1- -1- -f • •y -t- + - • - + -H -1- -1- - - -(- -1- - - - -1- - • -1- -1- - - -1- - • - + -1- + -1- -1- -(- -1- - -f - - -1- -(- -1- + + + -1- + -^ - -1- 803-918 -1- -1- 801 - 809 - + + + + + • + -1- -1- + + + + - + + + - + -1- + + + + - + - - • - - + - -f - - - + - - - - - + + • - - + + + + - -1- + + -1- H- - • - m - - - • -f -f • -(- -1- + + + + + -t- -1- + + \- + • -1- -1- • -1- -1- - -t- - + • - + + + + + • • - - - - - • + H- - - -1- • -1- + -1- + + + -t- -V -H - -1- - -1- -1- -1- + - - - • - • - -1- - • + • • -1- •V -1- + -1- • H- 4- • • -l- + + + + • -1- m + + + + -1- - + + + + + + -1- -(- + • • + + -t- + + + + + -1- - + -1- + • • + - - - - • - -(- -t- -1- - - • - • - - - - -f + • - - - -1- • -1- • -f -1- + - + -(- - - -l- • • • - • • - - -1- • - • + - •f - - - -1- • -1- • - - - - - - • - - - • -1- - + - - - - - - - - - + -f - - - - - - - - -1- - + + -1- - - -1- - - - • - - - -1- - -1- -1- - -1- -1- -1- - -1- -1- -t- • -f - m - - - - + • -1- • -(- • -1- H- + -1- + - H- + -1- + • -(- + -f -1- -(- - + - + -t- + + -1- -H + -1- + - -f- -1- -)- • • + - • — -H -1- + + • • -1- -(- -f -1- -1- - - ã H- -1- - ô ã -1- • • - - - - - - - -1- - - - - - + - • - - + + + + - -1- + • - • - • - - - • -1- - - - - - - • - - + • - - -t- -1- - -1- + + -1- -1- • + -1- + + -1- + -1- -1- -1- « + + -1- + -1- + - + + + - + - -1- + + - + + + - -1- + + + + + + + + + - + + (-H): K^t qua tang - -1- + -1- (-): Ket qua giam -1- (•): Ket qua ngang bang 95 Hoi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' Bang (tiep theo) Cap GK Dot Li N Na Mg Al 904 - 412 -1- -\• • + 4- -1- -1- • 403 - 401 • 406-404 + 406-408 + + + -t- • 4- 422-2 419-415 437-431 + + + • • • - - + -1- + + - • + + + + + K Ca Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Br Sr Mc Cd Cs Ba Pb • 4- 4- - • • 4- - 4- - • 4- 4- 4- • - - - • 4- 4- 4- - 44- 4- 4- 4- - - 4- 4- - - • • • - 4- 4- • 4- • 4- 4- 4- 4- • 4- 4- + 4- 4- - 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- • 4- 4- 4- - 4+ - 4- 4- 4- 4- • 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- - - - 4~ - • 4- - - - - - 4- 4- • • 4- -t- - - 4- 4- • 4- - • - - 4- - 4- - - • -(- 4- 4- - 4- • 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- • 4- 4- 4- 4- - 44- 4- 4- - 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- • 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- - 4- • - • 44- 4- 4- - 4- 4- - 4- 4- • 4- 4- 4- - • 4- 4- 4- - • • 4- 4- 4- 4- • - 4- 4- 4• 4- 4- - 4- - • 4- 4- • - 4- 4- - - - 4- 4- • + - 4420-417 - - 4- - - - 4- s 4- • - 4- 4- • - - 4- - 4- - • 4- • - - 4- • • 4• • - 4- • - 4- 4- • • • 4• 4- 4- 44- 4- - - 4- • • - 4- 4- 4- • • - • - 4- 4- • - - 4- • 4• - - - - - 4- 4- 4- • 4- 4- • • 4- - 4- - 4- 4- 4• 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4• • 4- 4- - - 4- 4- 4• - - - 4- 4- - - - - 4- • 4- 44- 4• 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 44- 4- • - 4- • • 4• 44- 4- • 4- 4- • ^ • 4• 4- 44- 4- 4- • 4- 4- - 4- 4- 44- • • 4- 4- 43 • + • - 442 - 420 -1- + 4- • - 4- 4- - - - - - • - 4- 44- • • • 4- 4- - - • 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- • • 4- - - • 4- 4- - - - - - • • 4- - - - • 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- • 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- - 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- • • 4- 4- - 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- - - • 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- • • — • 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- - 4- 4- 4- 4- • - 4- • • 44- • - 44- • • • 44- • • • 4- • • • • • • - - - 444- • 4- • - • • • - 4+ • 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- • 4- 4- • 4- 4- 4- 4- • - 4- - - 4- • 4- • • • - - 4- 4- 4- 444- • 4- — — 4- 4- • 4- 4- - 4- - • • - 4- 423 - 402 - m - 4- - • - • 4• -1- 4- 4- 4- -1- • - ã ã 4- 4- ô ã - 4- ã 4- (4-): K^t qua tang 96 • - 4- 4• 4- 4- 44- 4- 4- 4- • - — 4- — — • 4- 4- • 4- — 4- • - • • • • 4- (-): K^t qua giam 444- - - 4- • 44- • 44- 4- • — — - - 4- • 4- - • + 4- 4- • 4- 4- • 4- • - 4- 4- 4- - 4- 4- 44- - 44- =^^zl : (.): Ket qua ngang bang t Hoi nghi KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21' 0 0) fC3 o-ro C -C -» o ^ X "" -^ £ CT -•0 O c: -C3 (- oe ^ ^ E in - J CJ5 -