Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe biln T9 (2009) S6 4 Tr 127 146 NHU>JG VAN DE UU TIEN DOI V 6 l QUAN LY TONG HOP DAI VEN BOf TAY VINH BAC BO T R A N DUC THANH Tom tdt Cdc vdn di uu tiin cho qudn ly tdng[.]
Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe biln T9 (2009) S6 Tr 127 -146 NHU>JG VAN DE UU TIEN DOI V l QUAN LY TONG HOP DAI VEN BOf TAY VINH BAC BO T R A N DUC THANH Tom tdt: Cdc vdn di uu tiin cho qudn ly tdng hap (QLTH) ddi ven bd Tdy vinh Bdc bd (VBB) duac xdc dinh dua trin ca sd phdn tich vd ddnh gid hi thdng cdc tdi lieu vi diiu kiin tu nhien vd cdc hi sinh thdi, Men trgng vd xu thi diin biin tdi nguyen, mdi trudng; hien trgng vd dinh huang phdt triin kinh ti - xd hdi; trin cdc quan diem ve tinh chiin luge, tinh tdng hgp, tinh thich ieng, tinh cdp bdch cua cdc vdn di qudn ly vd sic dung cdc phuong phdp phdn tich ddn xudt (ngudn - dp luc - hien trgng - tdc ddng - ieng xii), phdn tich td hgp theo hi thdng khong gian vd thdi gian, xdy dung ma trdn vd tinh diim trgng sd Viec ddnh gid, lua chgn uu tien dugc tien hdnh cho ndm vdn de qudri ly, dp dung cho bdn md hinh phdn cdp khdng gian qudn ly (ddi ven ba Tdy VBB, viing ven ba Bdc bd, tiiu _• , viing ven ba Ddng Bdc Bdc bg vd khu vuc ven bd Hdi Phdng) vd theo ba giai dogn qudn ly 2011 - 2015, 2016 - 2020 vd 2021 - 2025 Ngodi tiiu vung Ddng Bdc Bdc Bd, ddnh gid uu tien cdn dugc thuc hien cho cdc tiiu viing Thdi Binh - Ninh Binh vd Thanh Hod - Qudng Binh thudc ddi ven bg Tdy VBB Kit qud ddnh gid cho thdy vdn de qudn ly vd sic dung hgp ly tdi nguyen thien nhien la uu tlin vd vdn de qudn ly, ngdn ngica vd phdng chdng d nhiim vd cdc su cd mdi truang la uu tien cho cd cdp phdn viing qudn ly, cd qud trinh QLTH Vdn di bdo tdn tu nhiin vd da dgng sinh hoc cd vi tri uu tiin a ddi ven bd Tdy VBB vd viing ven ba Bdc bd, nhung cd vi tri uu tiin tgi tiiu viing Ddng Bdc Bdc bd vd khu vuc Hdi Phdng Vdn de qudn ly, ngdn ngica, phdng trdnh thien tai cd vi tri uu tiin a todn ddi ven ba Tdy VBB vd ven ba Ddng Bdc, Id uu tiin a tiiu viing Ddng Bdc vd khu vice ven ba Hdi Phdng Vdn di gidm thieu mdu thudn lgi ich mgc dit dicng d vi tri cudi, nhung ludn quan trgng Tuy nhiin, tgi mdl cdp phdn viing qudn ly vd tgi mdi giai dogn cua qud trinh qudn ly, ndi lin nhieng vdn di uu tiin khdc Di thue hien cdc vdn di uu tiin, cdn xdy dung vd thuc hien mdt sd chuang trinh qudn ly ca bdn, xuyin xudt ba giai dogn, nhung cd nhiing diim nhdn tgi cdc cdp phdn viing qudn ly vd a cdc giai dogn qudn ly cu thi I Md DAU Quan ly tdng hgp (QLTH) vung bd bien la mdt qua trinh phat triln lien tuc nhim dat dugc su phat trien ben viing, bao gdm danh gia toan dien, xay dung muc tieu, quy hoach va quan ly he thdng ven bd bien va tai nguyen - mdi tradng, cd xet den cac ylu t l truyin thdng, van hoa, lich su va mau thuan lgi ich su dung [6, 9, 28] QLTH quan tam din bao 127 ve tai nguyen va m6i trudng mdi quan he chat che vdi nhau, giam thilu nhiem, dung hoa mau thuin lgi fch va phat trien ben vung [1,7] Dai ven bd Tay vinh Bac bg (VBB) cd tai nguyen phong phu va da dang cho phep phat triln nhilu linh vuc kinh tl quan trgng nhu giao th6ng - cang, du lich - dich vu, c6ng nghiep, khai khoang, ndng lam nghiep, ngu nghiep, diem nghiep, v.v [2, 3, 4, 12, 15, 27] Day la vung ven bd co cac he sinh thai tieu bieu nhu dao, rimg mua nhiet ddi, cua song, vung vinh, rimg ngap man, ran san hd va tham cd bien, v.v vdi da dang sinh hgc cao [5, 17, 25, 26] Vung cd nhilu khu bao tin thien nhien gia tri nhu di san thien nhien The gidi, khu du tru sinh quyin, khu bao tin dit ngap nudc cd tam quan trgng Qu6c te, cac vudn QuIc gia va khu bao tin biln v.v Day la noi tap trang dan cu va cd mat dan so cao, nhilu d6 thi ldn nim gin biln hoac sat biln va tic d6 thi hoa xay kha nhanh lam gia tang dan sl co hgc, phat triln manh co sd tang va lam tang nhanh ap lire ddi vdi tai nguyen va m6i tradng [3, 24, 27] Vi vay, QLTH dai ven bd Tay VBB la mgt nhu cau can thilt [8, 11, 18] Chuong trinh QLTH dai ven bd Tay VBB can de cap tdi nhieu van de Tuy nhien, nhim dam bao cdng va co hieu qua cao, can phai xae dinh dugc cac van de uu tien d cac tieu vung cu the theo cac giai doan qua trinh quan ly nhu ket qua nghien ciiu dl xuit cua de tai KC.09.13/06-10 dugc trinh bay bai bao II TAI LIEU, QUAN DIEM VA PHlTONG PHAP Tai lieu Viec xae dinh cac van de uu tien cho QLTH dai ven bd Tay VBB dugc dua tren ca sd phan tich va danh gia toan dien, cd he th6ng cac tai lieu da cd, bao gdm: Tai lieu cho phan tich, danh gia dieu kien tu nhien, du bao bien dgng ve khf hau, thuy van, dia hinh, dia chat va cac he sinh thai [10, 16, 17, 19, 20, 25, 29, 30] Tai lieu cho phan tich, danh gia hien trang va xu the dien bien tai nguyen ve gia tri va tiem nang; hien trang quan ly, khai thac su dung va nhu eau tuong lai [2, 4, 10, 12, 26] Tai lieu cho phan tfch, danh gia hien trang va dinh hudng trien kinh te - xa hgi ve vi tri khu vuc td chue lanh tho kinh te va khdng gian dia chinh tri; hien trang va quy hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hgi tdi nam 2020 va tam nhin tdi nam 2025 d cac cap co lien quan; he th6ng luat phap va chfnh sach lien quan den phat trien kinh te - xa hgi va bao ve tai nguyen - mdi tradng [2, 3, 8, 24, 27] Tai lieu cho phan tich, danh gia hien trang va xu the dien bien mdi trudng va thien tai: sue ep tu phat trien kinh te - xa hgi va tac dgng cua cac qua trinh tu nhien; hien trang 128 dien biln chit lugng cac hgp phin moi tradng va tinh trang quan ly mdi tradng, thien tai va img xu; bao ton tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc; du bao biln dii m6i trudng [13, 14, 16, 22,30] Tai lieu cho phan tich, danh gia mau thuin lgi ich su dung nham lam ro cac loai mau thuan va mue do, du bao xu hudng, phuang each va hieu qua giam thieu [8, 11, 18, 21] Quan diem Tinh chien lupc QLTH dai ven bd Tay VBB la mgt qua trinh lau dai, phuc vu cac muc tieu phat trien kinh te - xa hgi va bao ve moi trudng theo dinh hudng ben viing.Vi vay, viec lira chgn cac van de quan ly uu tien cung phai dam bao tfnh chien luge Mac du d timg giai doan cu the n6i len nhiing nhiem vu eu the, nhung xuyen sudt qua trinh se c6 nhirng van de uu tien hang dau va nhiing van de dimg d vi tri sau Tinh long hpp QLTH dai ven bd Tay VBB co tinh chat da nganh, da muc tieu va da lgi ich Vi vay, cac van de lira chgn uu tien theo thu bac cung phai dap img duge yeu cau nay, phuc vu nhieu ITnh vue, dap ling dugc nhieu muc tieu phat trien va mang lai nhieu lgi ich, dac biet la nhung lgi ich co tfnh ket hgp, lgi ich vi cdng ddng va vi ngudi ngheo Tinh thich ung M6i giai doan quan ly co nhiing hoan canh cu the ve phat trien kinh te - xa hgi theo quy hoach da dinh, kem theo nhdng van de m6i tradng n6i bat Vi vay, van de dugc lua chgn uu tien theo giai doan phai phu hgp va thfch ling hoan canh tai nguyen moi tradng dugc du bao theo xu the dien bien Tinh cdp bdch (J giai doan khdi dau cua qua trinh, se n6i len nhiing van de can giai quyet ngay, neu khong se de lai nhirng hau qua lau dai, kho khac phuc, mac du, neu xem xet ca qua trinh, nhimg van de chua han da phai la uu tien hang dau Phuong phap 3.1 Phuffng phdp phdn tich ddn xudt: nguon - dp luc - hien trgng - tdc dgng - ung xit Day la phuong phap dan xuat (DPSIR) danh gia thue trang m6i trudng co hieu qua dang bat dau dugc ap dung d Viet Nam M6 hinh phan tieh din xuat cho phep danh gia dugc hien trang va du bao dugc nhiing tae dgng tuang lai cua cac hoat dgng phat trien kinh te - xa hgi va bien dgng cua cac qua trinh tu nhien tac dgng den tai nguyen va m6i trudng, de tu xae dinh dugc cac ngi dung uu tien cho chuang trinh QLTH dai ven bd Tay VBB 3.2 Phuffng phdp phan tich to hffp theo he thong He thong QLTH viing bo Men theo khong gian Ket hgp phan vung tu nhien [20] va phan chia lanh thd hanh chinh, dai ven bd Tay VBB dugc chia hai vung Moi vung [29 dugc chia cac tieu vung (gom mgt so tinh, phi true thuge Trung uong) M6i tilu vung gIm cae khu vuc (tuong ling vdi cac tinh, hoac phi true thudc Trung uong) Vung ven bd Bie bg g6m hai tieu vung: tilu vung Quang Ninh - Hai Phdng (ven bd D6ng Bic Bic bp) va tieu vimg Thai Binh - Ninh Binh (gin tuong img vdi ven bd chau thi sdng Hing hien dai) Vung ven bd Bac Trang bp gIm hai tilu vung: tilu vung Thanh Hoa - Quang Binh (gin tuong img vdi ranh gidi phap ly phfa Nam cua bd Tay vinh Bac bp) va tilu vung Quang tri - Thua Thien Hue (gan tuong ung vdi ranh gidi tu nhien phia Nam cua bd Tay vinh Bic bp) M6i tilu vung QLTH bd bien gdm cac khu vuc QLTH ven bd biln ling vdi cac tinh hoac phd true thupc Trang uong Trong nghien cim nay, cac vin dl lua chpn uu tien dugc xae dinh cho cac md hinh nhu sau: Dai ven bd Tay VBB (theo ranh gidi phap ly); vung ven bd Bac bd (Quang Ninh - Ninh Binh), tieu vimg ven bd D6ng Bie BSe bg (Quang Ninh - Hai Phdng) va khu vuc ven bd Hai Phdng (thanh phi true thudc Trang uong, trung tam phat triln cua vung ven bd Bac bg) He thdng cdc vdn di QLTH uu tien theo thdi gian QLTH ven bd Tay VBB la mot the thuc quan ly Nha nudc, vdi su tham gia cua cac ben cd lgi ich va sir tham gia cua cong ding D6 la mgt qua trinh lau dai, bao gdm thdi ky xay dung va van hanh chuang trinh khung gan vdi su tdn tai va dieu hanh cua mgt ban quan ly (2011 - 2025) va thdi ky sau 2025 ma viec quan ly thuge ve cac eo quan chue nang cua Nha nudc Ve co ban, cac van de uu tien QLTH gan vdi cae hoat dgng theo quy hoach phat trien kinh te xa hgi va dugc phan theo ba giai doan nam la 2011 - 2015, 2016 - 2020 va 2021 - 2025 phu hgp vdi dinh hudng quy hoach da cd [3, 24] Trong do, 2020 la mdc hoan qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa To hpp vd chia tdch Viec xae dinh nhiing van de uu tien cho cac mo hinh QLTH, can bat dau tu xae dinh uu tien cho cac tieu vung lam don vi eo sd, sau dung phuang phap t6 hgp de xae dinh uu tien cho vung ven bd Bac bd va ca dai ven bd Tay VBB Doi vdi md hinh khu vuc Hai Phong, viec lira chgn van de uu tien dugc xae dinh bang each chia tach tieu vung Hai Phong - Quang Ninh 3.3 Phuffng phdp xdy dung ma trgn vd tinh diem trgng so De phuc vu cho phan tich he th6ng va to hgp, phuong phap ma tran va tinh diem trgng s6 duge su dung cho cac quy md khdng gian va thdi khoang Diem trgng so dugc to hgp the hien tinh khach quan, nhat quan va hgp Iy viec lua chpn cae vin dl uu tien Trong qua trinh to hgp diem trgng s6, cd nhirng van de diem trgng sd uu tien trung nhau, thi dat uu tien hon eho van de co tinh chien luge hon va kha nang khac phuc he qua kho khan hon 130 III KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Nhung van dl quan ly lua chon cho chuong trinh quan ly tong hop dai ven bd Tay vinh Bac bo Tren co sd phan tich toan dien dilu kien tu nhien, tai nguyen thien nhien, hien trang va quy hoaeh phat triln kinh tl - xa hgi, hien trang va du bao m6i trudng, 05 van de thiet yeu ngi dung chuong trinh QLTH dai ven bd Tay VBB da dugc xae dinh nhu sau: LL Qudn ly vd sii dung hffp ly tdi nguyen thien nhien Quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien la van de v6 cung quan trgng QLTH vung ven bd Tay VBB, bao gdm nhiing ngi dung co ban nhu su dung hgp ly tai nguyen phi sinh vat, bao g6m dat, nudc, khoang san va nang lugng bien; su dung hgp ly tai nguyen sinh vat cho danh bat, nu6i tr6ng va tham xem phuc vu cac muc dfch thuc pham, dupe pham, my nghe va du lich; su dung hpp ly va phat huy tiem nang va cae gia tri dia tu nhien, dia kinh te va dia ehinh tri cua tai nguyen vi the bien va ven bd: ban dao, dao, vung vinh, cua sdng, lu6ng laeh, v.v Nhiing nhiem vu uu tien dugc xae dinh nhu sau: 1- Dieu chinh quy hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hgi dia phuang va vimg phu hgp vdi quan ly ben viing tai nguyen va m6i trudng; 2- Su dung khdn kheo dat ngap nudc ven bd; 3- Quy hoach ngu6n cap va quan ly nudc sinh boat eho cac dao va cae vung ven bd; 4- Quan ly ben viing ngudn lgi thuy san, phat trien danh bat xa bd, nu6i sinh thai va su dung cac chat co boat tinh sinh vat bien; 5- Xay dung ke hoach phat trien du lich sinh thai bien ket hgp bao t6n tu nhien 7.2 Qudn ly, ngdn ngita, phong chong nhiem vd cdc su cd moi tru&ng Quan ly, ngan ngua, phdng chdng nhiem va cac su c6 m6i trudng dugc dat cho cac hgp phan la m6i trudng khdng khi, mdi trudng nudc, m6i trudng dat - tram tich va van de moi trudng sinh hgc, mdi trudng cang va mdi trudng xuyen bien gidi Cac d6i tugng gay nhiem va sir c6 moi trudng dugc quan tam chu dao bao g6m: chat thai ran va rac thai sinh boat; nhiem cac chat hdu co ben (POPs) va kim loai nang; nhiem dau md va su CO tran dau; nhiem cac chat dinh dudng, phu dudng va thuy trieu do; d nhiem due va nggt hoa Tuy nhien, van de nay, nhung nhiem vu can uu tien dugc xae dinh nhu sau: 1- Quan trac, phan tfch va danh gia hien trang mdi tradng, danh gia tae dgng m6i tradng va mdi trudng chien luge; 2- Quan trac va danh gia muc tich luy cac chit d nhiim eo dgc td thuge nhdm cac chat nhiem hdu co ben (POPs) va kim loai nang trim tfeh va CO the sinh vat; 3- Kiem toan, quan ly va xu ly rac thai rin, chit thai long va thai; 4- 131 Xay dung kl hoach va td ehuc img phd vdi cac sir cl moi trudng, trgng tam la tran dau va thuy trieu 1.3 Quan ly, ngdn ngita vd phong trdnh thien tai v i n dl quan ly, ngan ngua va phong tranh thien tai bao gom cac ngi dung co ban nhu: xoi Id bd biln; sa bdi ludng ben; bao, 16c, nudc dang va sdng ldn; bien ddi khf hau va dang cao muc biln; xam nhap man; ngap lut ven bd; dgng dat va kha nang sdng than Nhiing nhiem vu cin uu tien dugc xae dinh nhu sau: 1- Quan trac, danh gia hien trang, theo doi diin biln, du bao va lap ke hoach quan ly, phdng tranh tai bien xdi Id va sa bdi, trgng tam bao ve bd biln va kien cd boa he th6ng de bien; 2- Quan trac, danh gia, du bao va xay dung cac kich ban ling vdi dang cao muc bien, gan vdi quan ly, phong tranh ngap lut ven bd 1.4 Bdo ve vd bdo ton tu nhien, vdn hod vd da dgng sinh hgc Van de bao ve va bao tdn tu nhien, van hoa va da dang sinh hgc bao gdm cac npi dung CO ban nhu sau: bao ve da dang sinh hgc, trgng tam da dang loai, cac loai quy hiem va c6 nguy co bi tieu diet; bao ve va phuc hoi cac habitat va he sinh thai, trgng tam la rung ngap man, ran san hd, tham co bien va bai cat bien, v.v.; bao ve canh quan tu nhien bao g6m canh quan bien - dao, ban dao, cua sdng va ven bd; quy hoach, xay dung va quan ly cac khu bao t6n tu nhien, bao gdm cac di san thien nhien, khu du trii sinh quyen, khu dat ngap nudc cd tam quan trgng Qudc gia va Qudc te; khu bao t6n bien, vudn Qu6c gia tren bien, cac ky quan thien nhien va danh thang tu nhien; bao ve va bao t6n cac di tich van hoa, lich su, khao c6 va cac danh thang van boa Nhiing nhiem vu can uu tien dugc xae dinh nhu sau: 1- Bao ve va phuc hoi cac he sinh thai rimg ngap man, ran san hd, tham cd bien va rimg mua tren dao, ven bd; 2- Quy hoach, xay dung va quan ly cac khu bao t6n tu nhien; 3- Bao t6n va tdn tao eac di tfch van hoa, lich su va khao cd 1.5 Gidm thieu mdu thudn Iffi ich Van de giam thieu mau thuan lgi ich nham dam bao cho ehuang trinh QLTH viing ven bd bien phuc vu phat trien da nganh, da muc tieu va da lgi fch, tranh nhiing mau thuin cang thang phat trien xung dot Do la giam thieu mau thuan giua cac nganh, giua cac dia phuong, giua ca nhan va cong d6ng va giua bao tin tu nhien va phat triln kinh tl Nhung rihiem vu can uu tien dugc xae dinh nhu sau: 1- To ehuc quan Iy va sir tham gia cua cac ben hudng dung chuang trinh QLTH; 2- Su tham gia cua cdng ding chuong trinh QLTH 132 Muc va phan ky cho cac van de uu tien chuong trinh quan ly tong hop dai ven bd Tay vjnh Bic bo 2.1 Cdc vdn de uu tien QLTH theo tiiu viing Tieu vimg Dong Bdc Bdc bo (Qudng Ninh - Hdi Phdng) Tren bang da xae dinh thu tu uu tien cho van de quan ly cho timg giai doan vdi diem trgng s6 cao nhat la va thap nhat la Thu tu eae van de uu tien eho ca qua trinh dugc xae dinh theo tdng diem trgng s6 cua timg giai doan, ket qua nhu sau: lfu tien 1: Quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien lfu tien 2: Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong chong nhiem va cac su co m6i trudng lfu lien 3: Bao t6n tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc Bang 1: Cac van de uu tien va phan ky uu tien d tieu vung Ddng Bae Bac bg Thirtu uu tien Van de 20112015 20162020 20212025 Ting Quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien 4 13 Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong ch6ng nhiem va cac sir c6 m6i trudng 5 13 Bao tdn tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc Quan ly, ngan ngua, phong tranh thien tai 2 Giam thieu mau thuan lgi fch 1 Tdng 15 15 15 45 Tuy nhien, thu tu cac van de uu tien d ba giai doan 2011 - 2015, 2016 - 2020 va 2021 - 2025 khac Dang chu y la bao t6n tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc diing d vi trf thu giai doan (2011 - 2015); quan ly, ngan ngua va phdng chdng nhiem va cae sir c6 m6i trudng diing d vi trf uu tien ca giai doan (2016 - 2020) va (2021 2025) day, tai nguyen thien nhien phong phu va da dang, cd the su dung cho nhieu lgi fch kinh te - xa hgi khac nhau, nen van de quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien 133 nhien e6 tinh chien luge eao va dugc uu tien hang diu Tieu viing Thdi Binh - Ninh Binh Tren bang 2, da xae dinh thu tu uu tien cho van dl quan ly theo timg giai doan, vdi thu tu eho ca qua trinh nhu sau: Lfu tien 7: Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong tranh thien tai lfu lien 2: Quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien lfu tien 3: Quan ly, ngan ngua, phdng chdng nhiem va cac su c6 m6i trudng Bang 2: Cac van de uu tien va phan ky uu tien d tieu vung Thai Binh - Ninh Binh Thirtu uu tien Van de 20112015 20162020 20212025 T6ng diem 12 Quan ly, ngan ngua, phdng tranh thien tai Quan ly va su dung hpp ly tai nguyen thien nhien 3 11 Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong eh6ng nhiem va cac sir e6 mdi trudng 11 Bao t6n tu nhien va da dang sinh hpc 2 Giam thieu mau thuan lgi ich 1 T6ng 15 15 15 45 ^ day, ngan ngua va phong ch6ng thien tai, dac biet la vin dl xoi Id, vd de va ngap lut ven bd dugc dat len uu tien hang dau va muc uu tien tang theo thdi gian Tieu viing Thanh Hod - Qudng Binh Tren bang da xae dinh thu tu uu tien cho van dl quan ly cho timg giai doan lfu tien 1: Quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien lfu tien 2: Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong chong nhiem va cac su c6 m6i trudng lfu tien 3: Quan ly, ngan ngua, phdng tranh thien tai 134 Bang 3: Cac vin dl uu tien va phan ky uu tien d tilu vung Thanh Hoa - Quang Binh Thu tu uu tien Van de 20112015 20162020 20212025 Tong Quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien 4 13 Quan ly, ngan ngua va phdng chdng nhiem va cac su co m6i trudng 11 Quan ly, ngan ngua, phong tranh thien tai 10 Bao tdn tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc 2 Giam thieu mau thuan lgi ich 1 Ting 15 15 15 45 day, van de quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien dugc uu tien hang dau Van de quan ly, ngan ngua va phong chong nhiem va cac su c6 mdi trudng d vi tri thu hai, nhung khdng hue xuc nhu d tieu vung Quang Ninh - Hai Phong 2.2, Cdc vdn de uu tien cho QLTH ddi ven bff Tdy vinh Bdc bg Tren co sd tdng hgp cac van de uu tien timg tieu vung, cac van de uu tien cho ca vung bd Tay VBB chuong trinh QLTH 2011 - 2025 dugc xae dinh tren bang lfu tien 1: Quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien lfu lien 2: Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong ch6ng nhiem va cac su co mdi trudng lfu tien 3: Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong tranh thien tai Trong do, quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien la uu tien d cac tieu vung Quang Ninh - Hai Phdng va Thanh Hoa - Quang Binh Trong do, quan ly, ngan ngua va phong tranh thien tai la uu tien tai tieu vung Thai Binh - Ninh Binh Theo bang 5, van de uu tien giai dogn la qudn ly vd su dung hpp ly tdi nguyen thien nhien Tai giai doan neu kh6ng giai quyet tot van de se keo theo hang loat hau qua ma viec khac phuc se het sue kho khan, tham ehi khong the khac phuc dugc cac giai doan tiep theo Khau dau tien cua boat dgng gan chat vdi quy hoach phat trien kinh te xa hgi va quy hoach quan ly tai nguyen va mdi trudng cho ca qua trinh 135 Uu tien I giai dogn la qudn ly, ngdn ngica vd phong chdng nhiem vd cdc su CO moi trudng Day la giai doan sat ke dfch hoan cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, nen nguy co nhiem va cac su co mdi tradng rat cao can c6 sir quan tam dac biet Uu tien giai dogn Id qudn ly, ngdn ngita vd phong trdnh thien tai Khi da giai quylt dugc can ban nhiing van de ve su dung hgp ly tai nguyen va bao ve mdi trudng, ma trgng tam la d nhiim, budc sang giai doan 3, van de quan ly, ngan ngua va phong tranh thien tai, dac biet vin dl bao ve de bien va ung xu vdi dang cao muc bien lien quan din biln dii hau toan ciu trd uu tien hang dau nham bao ve qua cua phat trien ben vung Dang ehu y la bao tin tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc dung vi tri uu tien giai doan N I U d giai doan khdi dau khdng cd cac quyet sach, thi co kha nang bien mat hoac rat kho phuc hoi eho cac gia tri quy gia thien nhien tao dung qua mgt thdi gian rat lau dai Bang 4: Cac van de uu tien va phan khu uu tien d vung bd Tay VBB 2011 - 2025 Thii ty uu tien 136 Van de Quang Ninh Hai Phong Thai Binh - Thanh Hoa- Tong Ninh Binh Quang Binh diem Quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien 13 11 13 37 Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong ch6ng nhiem va cac su CO mdi trudng 13 11 11 35 Quan ly, ngan ngua, phdng tranh thien tai 12 10 29 Bao t6n tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc 8 25 Giam thieu mau thuan lgi ich 3 Ting 45 45 45 135 Bang 5: Phan ky cae vin dl uu tien d vung bd Tay VBB 2011 - 2025 Thiitu iru tien Van de 2011-2015 2016 - 2020 2021 - 2025 Tong Quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien 15 11 11 37 Quan ly, ngan ngua va phdng ch6ng nhiem va eae su CO m6i trudng 15 12 35 Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong tranh thien tai 13 29 Bao t6n tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc 12 25 Giam thieu mau thuan lgi ich' 3 Ting 45 45 45 135 2.3 Cdc vdn de uu tien cho QLTH viing ven bff Bdc bp Vung ven bd Bac bp bao gdm hai tieu vung cd thu tu uu tien cd khac nhu trinh bay tren bang Cu the, uu tien cho tieu vung Quang Ninh - Hai Phong la quan ly va su dung hpp ly tai nguyen thien nhien Trong uu tien cho tieu vung Thai Binh - Ninh Binh la quan ly, ngan ngua va phdng tranh thien tai Tuy nhien, tdng hgp hai tieu vung, thu tu uu tien eua ea vung dugc xae dinh nhu sau: lfu tien 1: Quan ly va su dung hpp ly tai nguyen thien nhien lfu tien 2: Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong ch6ng nhiem va cac su c6 mdi trudng lfu tien 3: Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong tranh thien tai Ven bd Bac bp la vung trpng diem cua dai ven bd Tay VBB va tinh chat phan ky uu tien 2011 - 2025 dugc the hien tren bang Theo do, van de uu tien qua cac giai doan nhu sau: Giai dogn 1: Quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien; Giai dogn 2: Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong ch6ng d nhiem va cac su c6 m6i trudng; Giai dogn 3: Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong chdng nhiem va cac su cd m6i trudng 137 Nhu vay, quan ly, ngan ngua va phong chIng nhiim va cac su cl mdi trudng dugc coi la uu tien ca gai doan va phan anh tinh phuc tap cua tac dpng moi trudng cac hoat dpng kinh te cang - hang hai, cdng nghiep va dich vu - du lich ma diem nhan la tai tilu vung Quang Ninh - Hai Phong Mac du vay, day lai la vung e6 tilm nang ldn ve bao tin tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc, nen van de dung d vi trf thu giai doan dau tien cua qua trinh QLTH Bang 6: Cac vin dl uu tien d vung ven bd Bac bg 2011 - 2025 Thu tu uu tien Van de Quang Ninh Hai Phong Thai Binh Ninh Binh Tong 13 11 24 13 11 24 7" 12 19 17 45 45 90 Quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien Quan ly, ngan ngua va phdng chong d nhiem va cac su c6 mdi trudng Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong tranh thien tai Bao ton tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc Giam thieu mau thuan lgi ich T6ng Bang 7: Phan ky cac van de uu tien d vung ven bd Bac bd 2011 - 2025 Thu tu uu tien 138 Van de Quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien Quan ly, ngan ngua va phdng chdng d nhiem va cac su co moi trudng Quan ly, ngan ngua, phdng tranh thien tai Bao t6n tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc Giam thieu mau thuan lgi fch T6ng 20112015 20162020 20212025 Tong 10 7 24 10 24 19 30 30 30 17 90 2.4 Cdc vdn di uu tien cho QLTH khu vuc ven bd Hdi Phong Cac van dl uu tien cho khu vuc Hai Phdng, tdng hgp va phan ky the hien tren bang lfu tien 1: Quan ly va su dimg hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien lfu tien 2: Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong chong nhiem va cac su c6 moi trudng lfu tien 3: Bao tdn tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc Danh gia ca qua trinh QLTH,.nhiing van de uu tien cua khu vue Hai Phdng tuong tu tieu vung Quang Ninh - Hai Phong va tinh chat tuong tu rd net hon d giai doan (2011 2015) va giai doan (2016 - 2020) Su khac biet thay rd d giai doan 3, quan ly, ngan ngua, phong tranh thien tai trd uu tien d6i vdi Hai Phong, tuong tu vdi uu tien giai doan d tieu vung Thai Binh - Ninh Binh (lien quan den img phd mue bien dang cao, gia c6 de ke, phdng chdng ngap lut ven bd, v.v.) Dieu phan anh tinh chat chuyen tiep cua khu vuc Hai Phong giua hai tieu vimg cua vung ven bien Bac bg Bang 8: Phan ky cac van de uu tien cho Hai Phdng 2011 - 2025 Thu tu Van de Uu tien 2011- 2021- 2015 20162020 2025 T6ng Quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien 12 Quan ly, ngan ngua va phdng ehdng nhiem va cac su co m6i trudng 12 Bao t6n tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc Quan ly, ngan ngua, phdng tranh thien tai 2 Giam thieu mau thuan lgi fch 1 Tdng 15 15 15 45 Thao luan Bang t6ng hgp ket qua phan tfch, danh gia cac van de uu tien chuang trinh QLTH dai ven bd Tay VBB cho bdn cap md hinh kh6ng gian tu t6ng the den khdng gian, giai doan cu the, phan anh tinh thong nhat va tfnh dac thu cua cac mo hinh quan ly: Dai bd tay VBB, vung ven bd Bac bd, tieu vung ven bd Ddng Bac Bac bg (Quang Ninh - Hai Phong) va khu vuc ven bd Hai Phdng Trong vin dl xem xet thu tu uu tien qua trinh quan ly, cd the thay: Bang 9: Tdng hgp eac vin de uu tien theo giai doan cho QLTH dai ven bd Tay vinh Bae bg thdi gian 2011 - 2025 T T Van de ^^^ Quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong chdng nhiem va cac su cd mdi trudng Quan ly, ngan ngua, phong tranh thien tai Bao tdn tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc Giam thieu mau thuan lgi ich Vinh Bac bo Bac bo (giai doan) (giai doan) B C A A B C C A D D D B E A A C D E E E (giai doan) B B C A B A D D A C B C C D E E B C A B D A C C B C D E E E A D C D B D A - B E E E C D D B B Hai Phong A C C D B B C A A A Dong Bac Bac bo (giai doan) E E E E Ghi chu: A, B, C, D, E: Thu tu uu tien thdp ddn chi thdi ky 2011 - 2025; A, B, C, D, E: Thic tu uu tien thdp ddn cdc giai dogn 1(2011 - 2015); (2016 - 2020) vd (2021 - 2025) Van de quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien la uu tien cho ca don vi khong gian va tren tdng the qua trinh QLTH Tuy nhien, theo phan ky vin dl dugc uu tien giai doan 1, uu tien giai doan va uu tien giai doan Chi rieng d tieu vung Dong Bac Bac bg, van de duac uu tien ca giai doan 3, phan anh tam quan trgng, tfnh da dang, phong phu va giau cd tai nguyen thien nhien d day, cung nhu nguy co suy t6n cao can dugc dac biet chii y quan ly 140 Van de quan ly, ngan ngua va phong chIng nhiim va cac su c6 m6i tradng la uu tien cho ea don vi khdng gian va tren ting thi qua trinh QLTH Tuy nhien, theo phan ky van de dugc uu tien giai doan 2, giai doan ma muc tieu hien dai hoa, c6ng nghiep boa co ban se hoan kit thue giai doan, nen nhu cau quan ly nhiem va su c6 m6i trudng cin hit sue dugc coi trgng Muc uu tien cdn tiep tue d tieu vung ven bd Ddng Bac Bac bg d giai doan 3, lien quan tdi quy m6 ldn cua su phat trien cdng nghiepj dich vu du lich va cang - hang hai tai day Van de quan ly, ngan ngua, phong tranh thien tai co vi trf uu tien d toan dai ven bd Tay VBB va ven bd Bac bg, chi la uu tien d tieu vung Ddng Bac va khu vuc Hai Phong phan anh dien bien thien tai, nhat la bien ddi hau va dang cao muc bien Theo phan ky, van de dat uu tien tai giai doan tai ven bd Bac bg va khu vuc Hai Phong Do la nhu cau ung bien d6i hau, dang cao muc nudc tai cae vung dat thap ven bien, da cd su dau tu phat trien dang ke sau hoan cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa Van de bao tdn tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc cd vi trf uu tien d dai ven bd Tay VBB va vung ven bd Bac bd, nhung cd vi trf uu tien tai tieu vung Ddng Bac Bac bd va khu vuc Hai Phdng Tuy nhien, d giai doan 1, nd nhan dugc vi tri uu tien d tat ca cap don vi quan ly ven bd, chi dung sau uu tien la quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien Dieu xuat phat tu quan diem, cac gia tri bao t6n tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc neu kh6ng dugc quan tam dung muc tu dau, da bi t6n hai, rat khd co kha nang phuc hdi Van de giam thieu mau thuan lgi fch ludn dung d vi trf uu tien cudi, nhung la van de quan trgng, khdng the bd qua, lien quan den nhiing van de d6ng thuan xa hgi, lgi ich cong d6ng va su binh dang giua cac ben hudng dung Tu nhiing van de uu tien quan ly da dugc xae dinh nhu tren, su6t qua trinh QLTH dai ven bd Tay VBB, can xay dimg ba chuang trinh quan ly xuyen sudt va d moi giai doan, uu tien thuc hien nhiing van de cu the cho kh6ng gian quan ly cu the Chuang trinh 1: Quan Iy, su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien va bao tdn tu nhien, da dang sinh hgc, keo dai ca giai doan, tap trung vao giai doan va Chuong trinh 2: Quan ly, phdng tranh d nhiem, thien tai va cac su cd mdi tradng, keo dai ca ba giai doan, tap trung vao giai doan va Chuang trinh 3: Tang cudng the che, chinh sach va nang cao nhan thuc, trach nhiem bao ve tai nguyen - mdi tradng, keo dai ca ba giai doan, hd trg cho chuang trinh va 141 IV KET LUAN Qua trinh QLTH dai ven bd Tay VBB dugc thuc hien tren cac quy md khong gian khac theo cac cap phan vung quan ly va phan ky theo ba giai doan 2011 - 2015 ; 2016 - 2020 va 2021 - 2025 Vdi kit qua phan tich danh gia lira chgn uu tien cho bin don vi phan vung QLTH ven bd la dai bd Tay VBB, vung ven bd Bic bg, tilu vung ven bd D6ng Bic Bie bp va khu vuc ven bd Hai Phong, nam van de uu tien cho QLTH da dugc xae dinh la : 1- Quan ly va su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien ; 2- Quan ly, ngan ngita va phong chIng nhiim va cae su cd m6i tradng ; 3- Bao tdn tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc ; 4- Quan ly, ngan ngua, phong tranh thien tai; 5- Giam thieu mau thuan lgi ich Xuyen suit cho bin cip phan vimg quan ly, uu tien thude ve van de Quan ly va sit dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien va uu tien thuge ve Quan ly, ngan ngua va phong ch6ng nhiem va cac su c6 mdi trudng Van de quan ly, ngan ngua, phdng tranh thien tai la uu tien d cac phan vi phan vung QLTH cap ldn nhu dai ven bd Tay vinh Bac bg va ven bd Bac bg, bao tdn tu nhien va da dang sinh hgc la uu tien tai eac phan vi phan vimg cap nhd nhu tieu vimg ven bd D6ng Bac Bac bg va khu vuc ven bd Hai Phong Su khac biet uu tien ldn nhat la giua cac tieu vimg Vi du, van de quan ly, ngan ngua va ph6ng tranh thien tai la uu tien d vimg Thai Binh - Ninh Binh, nhung la uu tien d tieu vung Thanh Hoa - Quang Binh va la uu tien d tieu vung D6ng Bac Bac bg Dieu phan anh tinh thong nhat va tinh dac thu ve QLTH d dai ven bd Tay VBB Mac du cd su phan dinh uu tien tren t6ng the qua trinh QLTH, vi trf uu tien cua cac van de co sir thay d6i qua cac giai doan phan ky cua ca qua trinh thupc hoan canh tu nhien, tiem nang tai nguyen, nhiing de doa tu tac dpng m6i tradng - thien tai va ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hpi De thuc hien cac van de uu tien, can xay dung va van hanh ba chuang trinh quan ly CO ban: 1- Quan ly, su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien va bao t6n tu nhien, da dang sinh hgc ; 2- Quan ly, phdng tranh nhiem, thien tai va cac su cd m6i tradng va 3- Tang cudng the che, chinh sach va nang cao nhan thuc, trach nhiem bao ve tai nguyen - moi tradng Chung deu xuyen suit ba giai doan, nhung eo nhung dilm nhin tai cac kh6ng gian quan ly khac va d cae giai doan cu the khac TAI LIEU THAM KHAO I 142 Ackefors H and Grip K, 1995 The Swedish Model for coastal zone management Swedish Environment Protection Agency, 1995 Report 455 p.l - 83 2 Le Due An va nnk, 1996 Danh gia dilu kien tu nhien, tai nguyen thien nhien va kinh tl xa hpi he thing cac dao ven bd Viet Nam chiln luge phat triln kinh tl xa hgi biln Bao cao dl tai KT.03 - 12 Nguyen Thanh Bien (chii bien), 2008 Quy hoach xay dung vung duyen hai Bac bg den nam 2025 va tim nhin din nam 2050 Luu tru tai Vien Quy hoach Hai Phong Tr 1-330 Bo Thiiy San, 1996 Ngudn Igi thuy san Viet Nam NXB N6ng Nghiep, Ha Ngi Tr.I-616 Bo Thuy San, 2004 Qui hoach he thong khu bao tdn bien Viet Nam den 2011 (tdm tit du thao lin I) Ha Ngi Tr 1-30 Cicin-Sain, B and Knecht, R.W., 1998 Integrated coastal and ocean management: Concepts and practices Island Press Washington D.C - Covelo, California 517 pp Clark, J.R., 1996 Coastal zone management handbook Lewis Pub., Boca Raton New York - London - Tokyo 694 pp Co quan quan ly Khi quyen va Dai duong Hoa ky (NOAA), To chtrc Bao ton thien nhien Quoc te (lUCN); T6ng cue Biln va Hai dao Viet Nam (VASI), UBND tinh Quang Ninh; UBND Tp Hai Phong, 2009 Khu6n khd quan ly ting hgp vung bd Quang Ninh - Hai Phdng Bao cao t6ng ket du an Ha Ngi 44 tr European Commission, 1999 Towards a European integrated coastal management (ICZM) strategy: general principal and policy options Printed in Italy, pp.31 10 Nguyen Hiru Cu (chii bien), 2001 Tai nguyen va dieu kien tu nhien cac tinh Bac Trung bg tu Thanh Hoa den Thua Thien - Hue (bien va vung bd bien) Chuyen de, dl tai cip Bd KHCN & MT Luu tru tai Vien TN&MT biln 11 Nguyen Huu Cu, 2005 Quan ly tdng hgp vung bd bien Viet Nam Ky yeu hgi nghi khoa hgc ky niem 30 nam Vien KH&CN Viet Nam 1975-2005, T.III Tr.245-256 12 Nguyen Due Cu va nnk, 1993 Kiem ke dat ngap nudc trieu vung ven bd chau th6 s6ng Hdng Luu trii tai Vien TN&MT bien 13 Nguyen Dvrc Cu (chu bien), 1998 Dieu tra khao sat chat lugng m6i trudng va dgng thai dinh dudng vung cua sdng chau thd sdng Hdng Bao cao de an dieu tra co ban cap Nha nudc hai nam 1997-1999 Luu trii tai Vien TN&MT bien 14 Luu Van Dieu (chii bien), 2001 Danh gia muc d nhiem ngudn thai tu luc dia, de xuat giai phap kiem soat, quan Iy d nhiem vung bien ven bd phia Bac (tu Quang Ninh din Thanh Hoa) Luu trii tai Vien TN&MT biln 15 Vu Diing, Do Van Khuong, 2001 Hien trang va mdt sd giai phap su dung hgp ly 143 dien tich vung trieu de phat trien nudi trdng thuy san d ven biln phia.Bic Viet Nam "Cac cdng trinh nghien cuu nghl ca biln" Tap II NXB Nong nghiep Ha Ngi Tr.392-401 16 Luong Phuong Hau, Trinh Viet An va Luong Phuong Hop, 2002 Dong chay cua sdng vung dong bing Bic bg NXB Xay Dung Ha Ngi Tr.1-172 17 Nguyin Chu Hoi (chii bien), 1995 Nghien cuu su dung hgp ly mgt sd he sinh thai tieu bilu vung biln ven bd Viet Nam D I tai KT 03 - 11 (1993 - 1995) Luu trd tai Vien TN& MT biln 18 Nguyin Chu Hoi (chii bien), 2000 Nghien cuu xay dung phuang an QLTH VBB Viet Nam, gdp phin dam bao an toan mdi tradng va phat trien ben vimg Bao cao de tai KHCN.06-07 Luu tni tai Vien TN&MT biln 19 Dinh Van Huy (chii bien), 1999 Dac diem dia ddng luc bd chau thd sdng Hong Bao cao de tai co sd Luu tru tai Vien TN&MT bien 20 Tran Due Thanh (chii bien), 1985 Dia chat dia mao dai ven bien phia Bac Viet Nam Bao cao chuyen de De tai 48.06.14: "Nghien ciiu dac diem dieu kien tu nhien va kha nang ngudn Igi dai ven bien Viet Nam, de xuat bien phap su dung hgp If va bao ve ngu6n lgi" Luu tru tai Vien TN&MT bien 21 Tran Due Thanh, 1997 Ve nhiing mau thuan lgi ich su dung vung bd bien Hai Phong - Cat Ba - Ha Long Ky yeu hgi thao Tiep can quan ly t6ng hgp vung bd bien VietNam Dd Son 1/1997 Tr 84-91 22 Tran Due Thanh (chu bien), 2000 Nghien ciiu du bao, phdng ch6ng sat Id bd bien Bac bd tu Quang Ninh den Thanh Hoa Bao cao Du an cap Nha nudc KHCN - 5A Luu tru tai Vien TN&MT biln 23 Tran Due Thanh, 2006 Tai nguyen, m6i tradng va phat trien ben viing vung bien Viet Nam Tuyen tap Hdi thao khoa hgc, cdng nghe va kinh te bien phuc vu su nghiep cdng nghiep boa va hien dai hoa dat nudc Lien hiep cac Hgi KH & KT Viet Nam, Hgi Khoa hgc ky thuat biln Hai Phong 25 - 26/10/2006 Tr 212-220 24 Thii tudng Chinh phu, 2008 Quyet dinh ve viee phe duyet quy hoach xay dirng vung duyen hai Bac bd den nam 2025 va tam nhin den nam 2050 Sl 865/QD-TTg 10 thang nam 2008 Tr.1-19 25 Do Cong Thung, Massimo Sarti (Chu bien), 2005 Bao tdn da dang sinh hgc dai ven bd Viet Nam Du an hgp tac Viet Nam - Italy Luu tru tai Vien TN&MT biln 26 Pham Thuge, 2002 Su dung hgp ly va quan ly da dang sinh hgc d vinh Bic bg Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng biln T.VIII NXB KH&KT 144 27 Truong Van Tuyen, 2008 Hien trang phat triln kinh t l xa hdi va t l ehuc lanh tho kinh tl vung Bic Trung bg Viet Nam Bao cao chuyen dl, dl tai KC.09.13/06-10 Luu tru tai Vien TN&MT biln - 28 UNESCO, 2006 A handbook for measuring the progress and outcomes of integrated coastal and ocean management 29 Vien Nghien euu biln, 1975 Dieu tra t6ng hgp vung bien ven bd Quang Ninh Hai Phong Luu tru tai Vien TN & MT bien 30 Nguyen Van Viet, 1985 Dac diem hau vung bien Viet Nam Bg Tu lenh Hai Quan xuat ban PRIORITY ISSUES FOR THE INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF THE WESTERN COASTAL ZONE OF THE GULF OF TONKIN TRAN DUC THANH Summary: The priority issues for the integrated management of the Western coastal zone of the Gulf of Tonkin are identified based on the analysis of the data and doarments on the natural conditions and ecosystems, the state and tendency of the environment and resources; on the current status and the orientation of future socio - development; on the view point of the strategic, integrated, adaptatlve, and urgency nature of management issues; on the using methods ofDPSLR model analysis (Drivers-Pressure-State-Impact-Response); on the spatial and temporal analysis; and on the development of matrix with weighting assessment The analysis and selection of the priority have been performed for five management issues, and applied far the management models of different spatial levels (the western coastal zone of Tonkin Gulf, the coastal region of the Bac bo, the coastal sub-region of Northeast Bac bo, and the coastal area of Haiphong) in three management periods: 2011 2015, 2016 - 2020, and 2021 - 2025 Beside of the coastal sub-region of Northeast Bac Bo, the estimation of priority issues were also made for the sub-regions of Thai Binh - Ninh Binh and Thanh Hoa - Quang Binh in the western coastal zone of the Gulf of Tonkin The analysis shows that the management and rational use of natural resources are the first priority issue The second priority is the management and prevention of pollution and environmental risks These are priorities for all four spatial management levels, and for the entirely integrated management process The natural and biodiversity conservation is placed at the forth for the western coastal zone of Tonkin Gulf and the coastal region of the Bac bo, but is the thirth priority for the coastal sub-region of Northeast Bac bo, and the coastal area of Haiphong The management and prevention of pollution and natural disasters are considered as the thirth priority for the western coastal zone of Tonkin Gulf, the coastal region of the Bac bo, but they are the forth priority for the coastal sub-region of Northeast Bac bo, and the coastal area of Haiphong Last but not least is the issue of mitigation of 145 beneficiary conflict However, at each spatial management level and for each stage of management process, one can always find out different priority management issues In order to succeessfully implement the identified priority issues, there Is a need of developing and conducting some core management programs These programs will go throughout three management periods, but still have some highlight points in different spatial management levels, and each stage of the management process Ngdy nhdn bdi: 11 - - 2009 Nguoi nhgn xet: TS Tran Dinh Lan 146 Dia chi: Vien Tai nguyen va Mdi tradng Bien ... Vung ven bd Bie bg g6m hai tieu vung: tilu vung Quang Ninh - Hai Phdng (ven bd D6ng Bic Bic bp) va tieu vimg Thai Binh - Ninh Binh (gin tuong img vdi ven bd chau thi sdng Hing hien dai) Vung ven. .. ven bd Bac bd (Quang Ninh - Ninh Binh), tieu vimg ven bd D6ng Bie BSe bg (Quang Ninh - Hai Phdng) va khu vuc ven bd Hai Phdng (thanh phi true thudc Trang uong, trung tam phat triln cua vung ven. .. gia lira chgn uu tien cho bin don vi phan vung QLTH ven bd la dai bd Tay VBB, vung ven bd Bic bg, tilu vung ven bd D6ng Bic Bie bp va khu vuc ven bd Hai Phong, nam van de uu tien cho QLTH da dugc