962 Mdt sd van dg ve cdng nghe thiet kg khai thac va kit qua khai thac t§ng mdng md Bach Hd X X \ /̂ M O T SO VAN DE VE CONG NGHE THIET KE KHAI THAC VA KET QUA KHAI THAC TANG MONG MO BACH HO Truang C6[.]
962 Mdt sd van dg ve cdng nghe thiet kg khai thac va kit qua khai thac t§ng mdng md Bach Hd X X \ /^ M O T SO V A N D E VE CONG N G H E THIET KE KHAI T H A C VA K E T Q U A KHAI T H A C TANG M O N G M O BACH HO Truang C6ng Tai, Nguyen Van Ut XNLD Vietsovpetro TOM TAT Tdng mdng md Bgch Hd Id logi hinh md ddu ddc biit hiim trin the gi&i, kiin thirc cdng nhu kinh nghiem thiit ki khai thac cdn rdt it Su tdn tgi mdt lugng cacbua hydro khdng Id cdc da maema khdc nhau, bi phd huy kiin tgo mgnh, bdt ddng nhdt rdt cao, kiiu coleeto nut ni - hang hde, thdn ddu cd chiiu cao din 1500m, ducmg nhu ddng kin, khdng cd di thucmg dp sudt cao, nhiet via din 150 - 160"C, ddu vd cd cdc tinh chdt ly hod phdn di rd ret theo chiiu sdu, khdng xdc dinh dugc bdo hod ddu bdng cdc td hgp DVL gieng khoan hien hdnh, cdc thdng sd thdm chua ciing rdt khd xdc dinh, ddc biit Id gid tri thdm cua dd chua, nu&c day vd nu&c ria thuc ti khdng cdn tdn tgi, dd la nhung net khdc biit v&i cdc logi hinh md truyin thdng ddi hdi cdng nghe thiit ki khai thac mo phdi cd nhirng cdch thirc tiip can huti hiiu •OfKTtaiavmfti Bdi bdo di cap t&i phuong thuc khai thac thdn ddu cd tri dp sudt via bdng viec thiit lap viing nu&c ddy nhdn tgo, xdy dung trucmg phdn bd thdm, hi dudng thdm pha, hi thdng khai thac theo d&i v&i cdc giing khoan cd thdn a ngang dinh hudmg theo cdc d&i phdt triin nut ni, kiem sodt vd diiu khien hudmg van ddng cua chdt lunr thdn ddu, chi khai thac vd hi sd thu hdi ddu Din hit ndm 2004, tir thdn ddu da mdng md Bgch Hd da khai thde dugc hem 124 triiu tdn ddu vd bom vdo via hon 157 triiu m^ nu&c Qud trinh khai thde da dien tuong ddi phii hgp v&i cdc dinh hudmg cdc vdn lieu thiit ki khai thac md, chiing dugc kiim sodt, diiu khiin vd thucmg xuyin dugc diiu chinh di dgt hiiu qud kinh ti -ky thugt cao nhdt NHUNG DAC TRlTNG CO BAN CUA THAN DAU TRONG MONG M O BACH HO Than dau mong mo Bach H6 nam a viing nuoc n6ng them luc dia thuoc be Cuu Long Than diu CO kich thuoc so, chieu cao co thi hon 1500m, clu tu cac da granitoit da pha, da dang Vl tru lugng thi day la mo dau da maema Ion nhit thi gioi (Hinh 1) Than dau co cau tnic dang kh6i, dong kin Hinh 1: Via dau tang mong mo Tuygn tap bao cao Hdi nghj KHCN "30 nam Phu Viet Nam: Cff hoi mdi, thach thuc mdi" 963 blu nhu kh6ng co nuoc day va nuoc ria, kh6ng co ap suit du, nhiet via rat cao (den 160°C) Ting chiia thuge loai mit ne, hang ble vai dac tinh bit d6ng nhat cao (Hinh 2), dac biet la rat kho xac dinh gia tri myet dii cua thim va ty phin ring mit ne r6ng chung He s l diy diu bing nuoc kh6ng cao (~ 55%) va he sl diu tan du tuong dii Ion (30 den 42%) cau tnic thim chiia phiic tap va ty phan mit ne thuong cbilm kh6ng lan ban 20% Do bao hoa dau cua colecta,cho din nay, chua co phuang phap dia vat ly gieng khoan nao xac dinh dugc Dac tinh bet siic phiic tap cua cau tnic tham chiia, tinh bat d6ng nhat cao cho nen dang cac duong tham pha cQng rat kbac Ro rang, than dau mong mo Bach H6 thuoc loai hinh mo dac biet, de khai thac hieu qua no can tim toi, thu nghiem cong nghe thiet ke khai thac mo thich hgp va hiru hieu Hinh 2: Mau loi da chtra tang mone mo Bach Ho NGUYEN T A C CONG NGHE THIET KE KHAI THAC THAN DAU TRONG MONG MO BACH HO NHLTNG Phai mat gan 10 nam, ke tu phat hien dugc than dau mong mo Bach H6, trai qua rat nhieu giai doan tim toi, thii nghiem, t6ng ket cac bai hoc c6ng va that bai XNl.D Vietsovpetro moi bien luan dugc mot each khoa hoc, khaeh quan nhiing nguyen tac c6ng nghe thiet ke khai thac than dau i i Truoc bet la ve xac lap he th6ng khai thac (Hinh 3) He th6ng tac dong vao via la tao lap mot vung nuoc day nhan tao, dam bao de than dau khai thac theo che ap luc nuoc nhan tao voi nhip cao, co nghla la thu hoi dau t6i da He th6ng khai thac than dau theo doi: doi khai thac chu lire licx sdioDe of n dl paSlem m "5I>"N-SS Scheme of sreO jsiKem la -SDCN-93~ Zone I: ZoDC with ntan nl ]»Q(tecti yS ln2 Trong do: K(L): Do thim luoi co tam each diit gay mot khoang L, mD KQ: DO tham nen Kmax: Do tham ciia luoi eo tam nim tren diit gay, mD Y, p: Cac he s l biin d6i ngang va biin dii dung ciia duong cong 5: Be rong doi dap vo, mit ne diit gay gay (100 - 120m) Cdc duang d6 thdm tuang ddi ddu - nu6c 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 J3 0.4 0.3 s 0.2 I 0.1 •fi 0.0 0, 10 0.20 la m 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 06 bao hoa nude, pdv 0.70 0.80 ' '•- 5:i«».^ Ki" .trim K fi,., I V g-.:" iTil' -i VTMt rilitriiii'j I Vii • Hinh 4: Tap hop cac duong thim pha tuong doi Chinh xac hoa gia tri thim ciia mang luai nhim muc dich lap lai lich sii khai thac cua than diu bing viec lira chon hgp ly cac tham biin y, p, thong qua hang loat kit qua chay chuong trinh EPP vai nhilu t l hgp chap (Hinh 5) SItci* iUVir rjii • - F aaiDjsa^a.is lornrkt Hinh 5: Trucmg phan bo tham tinh toan bang chuong trinh EPP Cac chi s6 c6ng nghe cua qua trinh khai thac va bom ep ciia than diu dugc tinh toan du bao dai ban bing phin mim IMEX ciia CMG - phin 966 Mdt sd van dg vg cdng nghe thigt kl khai thac va kgt qua khai thac thng mdng md Bgch Hd mem chuyen dung thuong mai dugc ap dung rong rai a nhilu c6ng ty diu tren khIp the gioi Dac biet, phan mem co chiic nang hien thi huong va van tic chuyin dong cua chat luu than dau bang cac vecto thuy dong lire Chiic nang co y nghla hit sue quan trong viec kiem soat qua trinh khai thac dau, bom ep nuoc dong thoi la co so dl ap dung cac giai phap dieu khien, dieu chinh qua trinh khai thac hgp ly va hieu qua nhit Co the noi rang viec xac dinh cac nguyen tac c6ng nghe, nhQng sang tao xay dung m6 hinh khai thac thuy dong va viec sii dung nhung phan mem chuyen dung huu hieu (EPP, IMEX, v.v ) da giiip XNLD Vietsovpetro giai quyet dugc yeu cau thuc tien cua viec thiet ke khai thac hieu qua mot loai hinh mo dac biet hiem hoi va dae biet phiic tap - than dau mong mo Bach H6, va nhu vay da dong gop mot phan vao kho tang tri thuc ciia nhan loai ITnh vuc NHiTNG KET QUA KHAI THAC THAN D A U TRONG MONG MO BACH HO Than dau mong mo Bach Ho da khai thac dugc hon 16 nam Nhiing ket qua khai thac ciia no co the dugc danh gia bang cac chi so c6ng nghe khai thac, cac chi s6 kinh te, cac chi s6 dac tnmg che nang lugng via va ke ca cac chi s6 dac trung tin cay cua tinh toan du bao Den bet nam 2004, sau 16 nam khai thac, da thu h6i tu than dau hon 124 trieu tan dau, san lugng trung binh hang nam dat 7,75 trieu tan, san lugng dinh (12 trieu tin/nam) keo dai dugc nam La d6i tugng khai thac chii lire cua XNLD Vietsovpetro va ca cua PetroVietnam He s6 thu h6i dau da dat 27,8% vai chi s l nuac diu rit nh6 (0,04) va ham lugng nuoc trung binh san pham nam 2004 chi la 7%o Da bom dugc vao than dau hon 157 trieu m'^ nuoc de giu ap suat via Cac chi s6 c6ng nghe khai thac ve co ban triing hgp voi cac tinh toan du bao, rieng chi s6 ham lugng nuoc san pham thip hon rit nhilu so voi du bao la co su dieu chinh qua trinh c6ng nghe, miic ngap nuoc cua than diu co thi noi la kh6ng CO su sai kbac dang ke Dat dugc nhip khai thac dau cao voi chi phi hgp ly vl diu tu xay dung gian, khoan gilng da giup XNLD Vietsovpetro thu hii vin nhanh, khai thac co lai cao Khai thac than dau voi cac nguyen tic c6ng nghe tren da cho phep din hit nam 2004 thu hii them 79 trieu tan dau so voi khai thae theo cbl tu nhien Dat dugc cac chi s6 cong nghe va cac chi sl kinh tl cao nhu da neu tren la nho da thuc hien t6t cac nguyen tic c6ng nghe khai thac than diu Chi ap lire nuoc nhan tao ciia than dau da dugc thilt lap va tri nho bom sau vao viing can day mot khii lugng Ion nuac, giu dugc ap suit via cao hon ap suit bao hoa 10 - 12atm Cbl nang lugng via da dugc tri miic hgp ly cin thilt va dieu chinh thuong xuyen dl dat den che t6i uu nham tang thu hii diu va giam chi phi dau tu T6ng hgp toan bo cac ket qua da dat dugc cua qua trinh khai thac, co thi noi ring cac tinh toan du bao thilt kl khai thac than diu mong mo Bach H6 la dang tin cay Trien khai dong bo cac t l hgp nghien cuu dk tilp tuc chinh xac hoa m6 hinh dia chit, mo hinh thuy dong, ap dung cac cong nghe mai xay dung mo va nang cao he sl thu h6i dau, CO the tin tuong ring chiing ta se dat va vugt he s6 thu h6i dau (40%) da bien luan "So dd cdng nghi hiiu chinh m&i md Bgch Hd ndm 2003" ... KET QUA KHAI THAC THAN D A U TRONG MONG MO BACH HO Than dau mong mo Bach Ho da khai thac dugc hon 16 nam Nhiing ket qua khai thac ciia no co the dugc danh gia bang cac chi so c6ng nghe khai thac,... nghe thiet ke khai thac than dau i i Truoc bet la ve xac lap he th6ng khai thac (Hinh 3) He th6ng tac dong vao via la tao lap mot vung nuoc day nhan tao, dam bao de than dau khai thac theo che... su dung gilng voi nhieu chiic nang: khai thac tien bom ep; chuyen tu gilng bom ep sang gilng khai thac bang each ban via len tren ciia than dau; chuyen khoang khai thac tu duoi len tren theo miic