^ ^ T h e flldl; Van de Su kien T^p chi C^t i^ sdt iM0T SO VAN Di Vl AN NINH NANG LVONG KHU VVC DONG BAC A NGUYfiN MAI H U 6 N G * Ddng Bdc A Id khu v\rc dong ddn nhdt thi gi&i, ddng vai tro ddu tdu n[.]
^ ^ T h e flldl; Van de - Su kien T^p c h i C ^ t i ^ sdt iM0T SO VAN Di V l AN NINH NANG LVONG KHU VVC DONG BAC A NGUYfiN MAI H U N G * Ddng Bdc A Id khu v\rc dong ddn nhdt thi gi&i, ddng vai tro ddu tdu nang dpng vd hit sure quan tiqng doi v&i sur phdt triin kinh ti khu vuc chdu A - Thai Binh Duong Ciing vdi sq'phqc hdi cua nin kinh ti, tit ndm 2010, nhu cdu ndng luqng cua khu vurc dd gia tdng nhanh chdng, dqt nhitng thach thurc l&n hffn doi v&i nhitng "ngu&i khdng id" vi tieu thu ndng luqrng, nhu Trung Qudc, Nhqt Bdn vd Hdn Qudc , N ninh ndng lugng dugc djnh nghia Id / / A \ sy bdo ddm ngudn cung ndng lugng chdc chin, ddp ftng nhu cdu vd xd hfi, kinh td vd quan sy, ddng thdi bdo ddm bdn virng vl mdi tradng^*\ An ninh ndng lugng chju tdc dfng bdi nhieu ydu td, da chidu vd dan xen, chu ylu gdm hai nhdm: (1) Nhdm lidn quan din chft thi mdi trudng an nuih ndng lugng, nhu chinh sdch ndng lugng efta cdc qudc gia; tinh hinh chuih trj, kinh tl, xd hfi tgi mdi qudc gia vd khu vyc; sy biin dfng vd phdn bd cua nhu ciu ndng lugng tai cdc qudc gia; sy tidn bf cua khoa hgc - ky thudt frong khai thdc yd sft dyng ndng lugng (2) Nhdm lidn quan ddn ddi tugng efta an ninh ndng lugng, nhu trft lugng vd sy phdn bd ngudn ndng lugng; bidn ddng cua gid ndng lugng, dgc bift Id gid ddu md; an ninh cdc tuyln dudng van chuydn diu md vd ddt An ninh ndng lugng dugc xem Id ylu td chiln lugc bdo ddm sy phdt tridn kinh tl vd dn dinh cua mft qudc gia, frd thdnh nhan td quan frgng, tdc dfng ngdy cdng mgnh din quan hf qudc td Nhirng thach thwc ddi vdi an ninh nang liroug cua khu vvc hien Mue dp li thupe eua khu vue vdo nguon ndng luqng ben ngodi ngdy edng eao Trong bdi cdnh kinh td khu vyc phdt tridn hit sftc ndng dfng vdi quy md ldn vd tdc df cao, Trung Qudc, Nhgt Bdn, Hdn Qudc da frd thdnh nhftng nhd tidu thy ndng lugng hang ddu frdn thi gidi Ddc bift, vdi tdc df tdng trudng kinh tl ngogn mycfronghon hai thdp nidn qua, Tmng Qudc dirng thft nhdt thd gidi vd tidu thy ndng lugng vd thft hai vd tidu thy diu md, sau My^^^ Theo dy bdo cua Co quan Ndng lugng nguydn tft qudc td (IAEA), ddn ndm 2030, mftc * ThS, Ban Doi ngoai Tnmg uong (1) Huyn Jae Doh: Perspective and Measures fo Energy Security in the 21" Century, Korea Energy Economics Institute, December, 2003 (2) C\ic Thong tin nSng luong My (EIA): China, xem t?ii http://www.eia.gov/coimtries/country-data cfin?fips=CH s l 828 (thdng 10 nam 2011) 93 The gioi: Van de - Svr kifn tidu thy diu md ciia Tmng QuIc s6 len din 10 frifu thung/ngdy, tuomg duomg vdi lugng diu nhgp khiu ciia M^ cd ndm 2000 Ld nudc dftng thft ba thi gidi vl nhfp khau diu md, Nhdt Bdn phdi nhfp khiu hiu nhu todn bf lugng diu tidu thy Ding thdi, boi cdnh nhilu nhd mdy difn hgt nhdn tgi Nhdt Bdn ngftng hogt dfng sau sy cl hgt nhdn vdo thdng 3-2011, vifc nhgp khiu thidn nhidn hda ldng (LNG) ciia Nbft Bdn tdng dft biin, cd nhieu khd ndng dgt tdi 90 trifu tan ndm 2011 (ndm 2010 Id 70 tiifu tin)'^' Dftng thft ndm thi gidi vl nhdp khiu diu md vdi 97% lugng diu tidu thy phdi nhdp khiu vd dftng thft hai thi gidi, sau Nhgt Bdn, vl nhdp khiu LNG, Hdn Qudc ciing Id nudc phy thufc rit ldn vdo vifc nhgp khiu ddu md vd dot^''^ Ddng cbii y, cdc cudng quIc tidu thy ndng lugng d Ddng Bdc A cd mftc df If thufc ngdy cdng cao vdo nhdp khdu nhidn lifu hda thach, chu ydu Id ddu md vd dit tft Tmng Ddng, Trung A, chdu Phi Cdc nguy ea de dga an ninh van ehuyin ndng luqng (ehu yiu Id ede tuyin du&ng biin vd du&ng ong ddn nhien lipu) ngdy edng gia tdng Hdng ndm, cd khodng 2/3 ngudn diu nhgp khiu cua Hdn Qudc, 70% khdi lugng diu md nhdp khiu cua Nhgt Bdn vd 70% lugng diu md nhdp khiu cua Tmng QuIc dugc vgn chuyin bdng dudng biin qua Biin Ddng^^^ Nai ddy cd eo biin Ma-ldc-ca, hdnh lang thfty chinh gifta An Df Ehrong vd Thdi Binh Duong, Id noi dien nhilu vy cudp biin, khung bo vdi tie df gia tdng gip iin frong ba thdp nidn qua, chidm 1/3 cdc vy cudp biinfrdnthd gidi