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KHOA HOC CbNG NGHl IXIGHIEIM CUU TIIVH DA DAIMG THUC VAT TAI KHU BAD TOIVI THIEIV MHIEIM IMA HAU, TIIMH YEIV BAI Hodng Vdn Sdm\ Nguydn TTii Kim Phugng^ T6MTAT He thuc vat Khu Bao ton Thien nhien Na Ha[.]
KHOA HOC CbNG N G H l IXIGHIEIM CUU TIIVH D A DAIMG THUC VAT TAI KHU B A D TOIVI THIEIV MHIEIM IMA H A U , TIIMH Y E I V BAI Hodng Vdn Sdm\ Nguydn TTii Kim Phugng^ T6MTAT He thuc vat Khu Bao ton Thien nhien Na Hau, Yen Bai kha da dang ve phc^n loai, gia tri su dung, dang song va dac biet la gia tn bao tcin Qua nghien cuu da xac dinh ducyc 657 loai thuoc 440 chi va 154 ho thuoc nganh thuc vat bae cao co mach Trong co nhCirng ho chiem uu thd nhu: Poaeeae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Moraceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Orchidaceae lliuc vat tai Na Hau thuoc nhom dang song, nhom choi tren (Ph) chiem ty le cao nhat 66,21% Nghien cuu da xac dinh duoc 13 nhom eong dung chinh cua cae loai tlurc vat, dci nhom cay lam diuoc, cho go va lam thuc an co ti le cao nhat Ve gia tri bao ton, ket qua dieu ti'a da ghi nhan ducrc tai Khu Bao ton Thien nhi^n Na Hau co 28 loai cay quy hiem, c 17 loai Sach D6 Viet Nam (2007), 15 loaifrongDanh luc Do cua lUCN (2009), loai theo Nghi dinh ;;2/2CX)6 va lojii danh luc CITES Tir khoa: Bao tdn, da dang.'niib hpc, khu bao ton thien nhien Na Hau, thirc vat I OAT VAN OE Kliu Bao ton Tiiidn nhien (KBTTN) Na Hau dugc lap tiieo Quyet dinh sd 512/QD - UB 09 thang 10 nam 2006 cua Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Yen Bai vcri didn tich 16.950 Noi day cd didu kien tu nhidn ddc thu cua vung nui phia Bde vcri sir dan xen giira nui cao, ddi thap vd khe sudi He thuc vat tai day it bj tac ddng manh va didn tich rimg giau cdn tuong ddi nhieu Tuy nhidn, trude sire dp cua ngudi ddn sdng bdn va xung quanh khu bao tdn thi tai nguydn rimg nai day dang diing truck nguy ca bi xam hai Ben canh dd khu bao tdn mcM dugc lap nen nhirng nghien ciiu ve da dang sinh hgc ndi chung va he thuc vdt ndi ridng cdn nhieu ban chd De cd ca sd khoa hgc cho cdng tdc bao tdn tai nguydn tiiirc vdt tai ddy, dd tien hdnh nghien ciiu tinh da dang thuc vdt bde cao cd mach tai Khu bao tdn Thidn nhidn Nd Hau U NOI OUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU Ndi dung nghidn ciiu Nghidn ciiu tinh da dang vd thdnh phan loai thuc vdt bde cao cd mach tai Khu Bdo tdn Thidn nhidn Na Hau, Yen Bdi Nghidn ciiu tinh da dang ve dang sdng, cdng dung vd gia tri bao tdn cua hd thuc vdt Khu Bao tdn Thidn nhidn Nd Hau, Yen Bai Phuang phdp nghidn ciiu Phuang phap ke tiiira: Ke thira vd tham khao cac tai lieu cd lien quan den llnh vuc nghidn ciiu - Dieu tra theo tuyen: Lap tuy^n dieu tra di qua cae trang thai rung cua Khu Bao tdn Thidn nhien Na Hau, Ydn Bai Trdn cac tuyen dieu tra thuc vat hai bdn tuyen (mdi ben 02 m) - Dieu tra cac d tieu chuan: Tren cdc tuyen dieu tra da tien hanh lap 20 d tidu chuan (OTC) vcM didn tich OTC la 1000 m^ Tien hanh dieu tra tat ca cdc cdc loai thuc vat cd OTC Phuong phap chuydn gia: Su dung phuong phdp chuyen gia xu ly, gidm dinh mau vd tra ciiu tdn khoa hgc cdc loai thuc vdt Ul KET QUA NGHEN CUU Da dang thdnh phdn lodi He thuc vat Khu Bao tdn Thidn nhidn Nd Hau khd da dang va phong phu vcri 657 lodi thude 440 chi vd 154 hg thude ngdnh thuc vat bde cao cd mach Id Thdng dat Licopodiophyta, Cd tiiap but Equisetophyta, Duong xi Polypodiophyta, Thdng Pinophyta va nganh Ngge lan Magnoliophyta Tinh da dang cac taxon dugc tiie hidn d bang Qua bang cho thay, phan ldn cdc taxon tap trung nganh Ngge lan vdi tdng sd 617 lodi, 413 chi cua 131 hg, chiem ty ti-gng 93,91% sd lodi, 93,86% sd chi vd 85,08 % sd hg ciia ca hd thuc vdt Tiep den Id ngdnh Duong xi cd sd lodi Id 28, chidm 4,26%, thude 18 chi, chiem 4,09% ti-ong 15 hg, chiem 9,74% tong sd lodi, chi va hg vd tiiap nhat la nganh Cd thap biit Tuy nhidn cung dd dang nhdn nganh Khuyet la thdng (Psilotophyta) khdng cd loai nao dugc ghi nhdn tai khu vuc nghidn ciiu ' Trudng Dai hoc Lam nghidp ' Chi cue Kiem lam Yen Bai NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY - THANG 1/2012 91 KHOA HOC C N G NGHl Bdng Da d?ing taxon cua hd th^c vdt Nd Hdu C li I^di Hg Ten ngi'uih SL % SL % SL % Ten Vidt Nam Ten l.a tinh 1,29 0,68 0,61 Thdng dat Lycopodiophyta 0,64 0,23 1 0,15 Co thap but Equisetoi)hvt;i 9,74 4.26 4,09 15 18 28 Ducmg xi Poly]-)()diophvta 3,25 1.14 1,07 llidng Pino])hvta 85,08 93,86 131 617 413 93,91 N.gge lan Magnoliophyta 100 100 154 440 657 100 TON(; Bang Phd dang sdng cua h^ thuc vdt Nd Hdu Qua nghien ciru da thdng ke 10 hg da dang nhat Sd Tyld tai khu virc nghien ciru chiem 6,4% tdng sd hg, Dang sdng Ky % hidu loai chiem 31,13% tdng so chi va 30,28% tdng sd loai ciia khu he thire v;it Cac ho da dang la: Hg Cd 435 66,21 Nhdm cay chdi trdn Ph (Poaeeae) 34 loai, hg 'Hiau dau (Euphobiaceae) MM 145 22,07 Cay chdi ldn 32 loai, hg Cue (Asteraceae) 23 loai, hg Dau tdm Cay chdi nhcr Mi 125 19,03 (Moraceae) 20 loai, hg Cd phd (Rubiaceae) 18 9.74 64 Na Cay cd chdi nhd loai, hg Dau (Fabaceae) 17 lodi, hg Phong lan 1,22 Cay diy leo Lp (Orchidaceae) 16 loai, hg Cau (Arecaccae) 15 10,2 67 Cay bl sinh Ep loai, hg Long ndo (I^uraceae) 14 lodi, hg Vang 0.91 Cay ki sinh hay ban ki sinh Pp (Caesalpiniaceae) 10 lodi 3.04 20 Cay chdi tren thin thao Hp Da dang vd phd dang sdng 7,16 Nhdm eay chdi sat dat 47 Ch Dang sdng dugc ddnh gid tiieo tidu chuan cua 7,16 47 Nhdm cay chdi nua an Hm Raunkiaer (1934) Ty Id phdn trdm cua nhdm dang 9,58 Nhdm cay chdi an Cr 63 sdng vd cdc dang sdng cu the dugc the hidn 9,89 Nhdm cay mdt nam Th 65 bang 100 Nhu vdy, nhdm chdi trdn (Ph) Id nhdm chidm ty 657 Tdng sd Id cao nhdt 66,21%, cdc nhdm cdn lai chiem ty Id thap Da dang v^ cdng dting vd tuong ddi ddng deu Tir kd't qua nghien cuu Hd thuc vdt khu bao tdn thidn nhidn Nd Hau kha dd dua phd dang sdng cua khu hd nghidn ciiu nhu da dang vd gid tri su dung vdi 13 nhdm cdng dung sau: SB = 66,2IPh + 7,16Ch + 7,16Hm + 9,58Cr + chinh Kdt qua dugc thd hidn tai bang 9,89Th Bang Gid trj sir dung dia hd thuc vdt Nd Hdu TT Ki hidu Sd lugng Nhdm cdng dung Tyld% 47,48 Nhdm cdy ldm thuoc THU 312 Nhdm cdy Idy gd 32.12 LGO 211 Nhdm cdy dn dugc AND 85 12,93 Nhdm cdy la canh CAN 77 11,72 Nhdm cdy dn qua ANQ 38 5,78 Nhdm cdy cho sgi 10 1,52 SOI Nhdm cdy lam dd thii cdng my nghd DTC 3,34 22 Nhdm cdy cho nhua 0,15 CNH Nhdm cdy cho tanin, thuoc nhudm 0,91 TAN 10 Nhdm cdy lam vat lidu xdy dung 13 1,98 XAY 11 Nhdm cay cho tinh dau CTD 1,37 29 12 Nhdm cay lam thirc dn gia sue AGS 4,41 13 Nhdm cay cd ddc DOC 1,37 822 Tdngsd 92 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY - THANG 1/2012 KHOA HOC C N G Qua bang trdn cho thay nhdm cdy lam thude NGH£ ^^^ ^^* ^^^ ^ ^ Nd Hau cd tinh da dang cdng dung chiem ty Id cao nhdt (47,48%), tidp ddn Id cdc nhdm cay lay gd (32,12%), cay dn dugc (12,93%), cdy ldm canh chiem ty Id trdn 11,72%, cdc nhdm cdn lai chidm ty Id thap ^°^' "^*^" ^°^ ^^ ' ° ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^'^^"g4 Da dang vd gid tri bdo tdn Qua di^u tra nghidn ciiu dd ghi nhan ducrc hd tiiirc vat khu bao tdn thidn nhidn Na Hau cd 28 lodi cdy quy hiem, dd cd 17 lodi sdeh Dd Vidt Tdng sd lodi khu vuc nghidn ciiu chi Id 657 Nam (2007), 15 loditi-ongdanh luc cua lUCN (2009), lodi, nhung tong cdng sd lugt cdng dung thdng kd lodi tiieo Nghi dinh 32/2006 vd lodi danh dugc Id 822, cd dieu vi cd nhimg lodi Id lodi mang luc CITES Danh luc nhiing lodi thuc vdt quy hiem 2, cdng dung khdc Dieu ndy chimg td he dugc the hidn d bang Bang Danh luc cdc lodi thuc vdt qui hidm tai Nd Hdu TT Tdn loai Hg Tidu chuan Tdn Latin Tdn Vidt Nam lUCN CITES SDVN ND32 Cycas pectinata Buch Tue luge Cycadaceae IIA VU Ham Gnetuni niomtanuni Gdm niii Gnetaceae III Markgr Nageia waliichianus Presl Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) A Henry & H H Thomas Rauvoltia verticillata (Lour) BaiU Alstonia scholaris R Br Erthrofloeum fodii Oliv Sindora tonkinensis K Chev Markhamia stipulata Sprague Cinamomum balansae Lecomte Morinda officinalis How Lithocarpus cerebrinus (Hickel et A Camus) A Camus Hopea mollissima C Y WU Dipterpcarpus retusus Blume Parashorea chinensisyfang Hsie Vatica subglabra Merr Chukrasia tabularisk Juss Aglaia perviridis Heirn FibraureatinctiriaLour Coscinium fenestiatum (Gaerthn.) Colebr 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Thdng tre la ngdn Pamu Cupressaceae Bagac Apocynaceae Sira Lim xanh Gu lau Apocynaceae Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpiniaceae Dinh Bignoniaceae Vii huang Lauraceae VU Ba kich Rubiaceae EN Sdi phdng Fagaceae Tdu mat quy Dipterocarpaceae Chd ndu Dipterocarpaceae Chd chi Dipterocarpaceae Tau xanh Ldthoa Dipterocarpaceae Meliaceae LR EN VU Quech Hodng ddng Meliaceae Menispermaceae VU VU VU Vdng dang Menispermaceae Podocarpaceae DD III IIA VU LR EN EN VU IIA ILA VU IIA VU IIA VU Cr VU VU EN NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON • KY - THANG 1/2012 IIA vu 93 KHOA HQC CbNG N G H l Sai)(>taceae F.\ vu Madhiu-apaseiuuri (1 )ub.) Sen mat L'unh 9'> Vang tam Magnoliaceae VU Magin'tia A>rdianai)\'ly Magnoliaeeae VU Ciidi b.'i 23 Michclia Ixilansac Dandy Burseraec-ae VU tonkinesis Tnim chim 24 Quuuiiiin Ciuillaunnn Mynstleacc'ie Mau (111) l.'i lo linciua picirciW iwh VT \lvisin;ircae Ll kboi 2(i -[/-(lisia si/\vstn.^V\\ FN FN Lin Kim tuyen Orcllicleae lA •!//('(ii H -lulus sctai v '//•: \ 'I' Sc- nguy cap: Danh luc dd ll l \ (2009): Cap CR - rat nguy cap: cip E.\ - nguy dip: VE - >/• nguy cap cap Dl) - tiiidu ddn liru: Ngld dinh 32/2006/NDCP: LA IJiin- wit rimg nghiem c:'ini khai tluic sir dung vi miic dich tlitnmg mai; 1L\ llitrc viit rimg h