Nghiên cứu xây dựng chương trình giám sát các loài thú quan trọng tại khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên thượng tiến, tỉnh hòa bình

Qudn ly Tdi nguyen rimg & Mdi tru-ong ^ NGHIEN CL U \ \ Y DlTNG CHU^ONG TRINH GLAM SAT ckc LOAI THU QUAN TRONG TAI KHU BAO TON THIEN NHIEN THl/gfNG TIEN, TINH HOA BINH Dong Thanh Hai TS Tnrdng Dgi hoc Ldm nghiep TO.M T A T Khu Bao tdn thien nhien (KBTTN) Thucmg Tien, Hoa Binh nam viing sinh thai Tay Bic Viei Nani nm co nhi^u h? sinh thai dSc biet va cung la vimg phan b6 quan trpng cua nhieu loai dpng, thirc vat quan trpng cua Viet Nam Hien t^, vi?c danh gia xu huong ihay doi \ a sii dyng cac loai thii ciing nhu hi?u qua ve quan Iy da dang sinh hpc tai KBTTN Thupng Ti^n dang g|p kho khan ihifiu he thing giam sat diii va da d^ng sinh hpc Muc lieu cua nghien cim la xay dung chuong trinh giam sal cac loai thii quan trpng tai KBTTN Thupng Tien lam CO so d^ xu5i cac giai phap va k^ hoach bao ton sat voi thyc te, mang lai hi?u qua ihiet thuc, b^n vung Phuang phap nghien ciiu tai li?u thii cap, phuong phi^ dieu Ua theo luyen, phuang phap xay dung bp chi so giam sat dupc sii dimg de thyc hign cac npi dung n ^ i e n cmi Ket qua da lya chpn dupc 04 loai thu quan trpng de tien hanh gi^m sat bao gom Khi vang (Macaco mulalla), Khi moc {Macaca assamensis), Soc den (Ratufa bicolor) Hoang (Munttacus munljak) Ngoai ra, bp chi so pjm sat cac loai ihii va cac moi dc dpa, phucmg phap giam sat h^ ihong luyen giam sal, chu ky gidm sat \ a kc hoach to chiic thyc hi^n giam sat cung dupc xay dyng Day la chutmg trinh giam sal thii dau lien dupc xay dyng cho KBTTN Thupng Tien Tir khoa: Chi thi, gidm sdt, Hoa Binh, thu, Thup^ng Tien I DAT \ \N DE Giam sat da dang sinh hgc la hoat dgng thu th^p sd lieu nham phat hien cac thay ddi vl tinh trang va su dyng da dang sinh hgc, tir dd dua cac giai phap kip thdi giiip nang cao hieu qua quan Iy da dang sinh hgc Giam sat da dang sinh hgc cd the tra ldi mot sd cau hdi nhu sinh canh va h? sinh thai cd hi suy thoai hay khdng? Quin the ciia cac loai ddng \ at va thuc vat nguy dp cd bi suy giam ha> khdng? Nguyen nhan ta gj? Cac giai phap quan ly hien tai cd hieu qua kJidng? Va cac hoat ddng quan ly hien tai cd nang cao dugc Igi ich cho cpng ddng dia phuang tir vice sii dyng bin vung tai nguyen thien nhien? (Nordeco va Denr 2001; Pham Nhat va cdng su 2003; Nguyin Xuan Dang va cpng su, 2009) Giam sat la each thiic cd hieu qua nham xac dinh sir phan ling ciia mdt quan the \ dl su biln ddi cua mdi trudng Tiiy vao dieu kien ve nhan lire va tai chinh, thdng thudng ddi tugng cua giam sat da dang sinh hpc thudng tap trung vao cac loai dac biet nhay 14 cam, sinh vat chi thi va cac loai quy hiem va dang cd nguy ca bi tuy^t chiing (Priniack, 1999) Thii la mdt bp phan ciia da dang sinh hpc va ddng vai trd quan trpng viec tri can bang he sinh thai Vi vay, thii thudng la nhirng loai dugc uu ticn giam sat da dang sinh hpc, dac biet c^c loai thii quan trpng Cac loai thu quan trpng cd the hieu la cac loai quy hiem va dang cd nguy co bj tuyet chung, cac loai chi thi cho mdi trudng, cac loai dang bi khai thac manh Hien tai, cd mdt sd phuang phap lien quan den giam sat cac loai thii, vi du phucmg phap giam sat theo tuyen, phuang phap giam sat theo diem, phucmg phap bay (Pham Nhat va cdng su, 2003) Khu Bao tdn thien nhien Thupng Tiln, Hda Binh nam d viing sinh thai Tay Bac Vi^t Nam, nai cd nhieu h? sinh thai dac bipt va ciJng ta vung phan bd quan trpng ciia nhilu loai dpng thuc vat quan trpng ciia Vict Nam Theo kit qua dieu tra thu nam 2014 (Ddng Thanh Hai va I NP CHl KHOA HQC \ A CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO I-20I6 Qudn ly Tdi nguyen rung & Moi tru&ttg cpng su, 2014) da ghi nhan dugc 59 loai, thudc 21 hg va bg Trong sd cac loai thii ghi nhan Tieu chi 2; Dang la ddi tugng bi khai thac trai phep manh d khu bao tdn va viing Ian can dupc, CO 23 loai Nghi dinh 32/2006/ND- Tieu chi 3; Loai tuong doi d l nhan dien CP; 18 loai co Sach Dd Viet Nam ddi vdi da sd can bg khu bao tdn sau dupc (BKHCN&VKUCNVN, 2007) va 36 loai Danh luc Dd thi gidi (lUCN, 2015) Tuy nhien, khu he thii tai day dang bi de dpa bdi cac hoat ddng san bat va mat sinh canh (Ddng Thanh Hai va cgng su, 2014 Dd Tudc va cdng sy, 2012) Ket qua la da dang sinh hpc tai Khu bao tdn dang bj suy thoai Viec danh tap huan Tieu chi 4: Khdng qua hilm d khu bao tdn, cd thi bit gap true tilp hoac gian tilp (qua cac diu vit d l lai nhu diu chan, vet an, cg sung, phan ) cac dot dieu tra giam sat 2.2 PhuOTig phap xay dung b ^ chi so giam sat gia su thay ddi ve tinh Irang va sir dung da dang D6i vdi mdt chuang trinh giam sat da dang sinh hgc ndi chung va khu he thii ndi rieng tUi sinh hpc \ lec xac dinh cac chi sd ciing nhu chi KBTTN Thugng Tien dang gap kho khan thi la rat quan trgng Cac chi sd la nhiing thieu he thdng de giam sat cac xu hudng cua da ngudn thdng tin ma dua vao dd cd the xac dinh dang sinh hgc Muc tieu ciia nghien cuu la dugc xu the bien ddi cua cac yeu td sinh thai xa\' dung chuang trinh giam sat cac loai thii quan trpng tai KBTTN Thugng Tien, tinh Hda Binh tii dd cd CO sd dc xuat cac giai phap \ a ke hoach bao tdn sat \di thyc te mang lat hieu qua thiet thyc bin vung hoac hieu qua cua cdng tac quan Iy Cac chi sd cd the la cac thdng sd ve da dang sinh hpc (thanh phan loai, mat dp loai, tan sd gap cua loai ) hoac cac thdng sd khdng phai la da dang sinh hgc (tin sd bat gap thg san khu bao tdn, mat lan ciia ngudi khai thac lam II PHL ONG PHAP NGHIEN CL U san trai phep khu bao ton, sd vu vi pham 2.1 Phvong phap xac dinh cac loai thii quan phat hien hang thang ) Trong nghien ciiu trgng giam sat nay, \ lec xay dyng cac chi thi giam sat dya Cac loai thii quan trgng tai Khu bao tdn tren cac lieu chi sau: dugc \ac dinh dua tren kel qua dieu tra khao Tieu chi 1: Tinh dem dugc nghia la chi sat hien trudng va ap dung cac tieu chi xac thj giam sat phai dem dugc ve chat lugng dinh Mot loai thii quan trgng dugc lua chgn de ho3c vc sd lugng giam sat phai dap irng tieu chi sau: Tieu chi 1: Cd gia tri bao tdn cao (loai cd Sach Dd Vi?t Nam, 2007 va/hoac Danh Tieu chi 2: Tinh de hieu nghTa la mgi ngudi deu cd the hieu dugc cac chi thi, chi so giam sat bieu hien cai gi luc Dd the gidi ciia lUCN, 2015 d cac bac CR- Tieu chi 3: Tinh thdng nhat nghia la cac chi rat nguy cap EN-nguy cap, VU-se nguy cap; thi giam sat phai phii hgp vdi muc tieu giam sat hoac loai dac him cho khu bao ton, hoac dac va sudt thdi gian Ihuc hien chuang trinh hiiu cho Viet Nam va cd sd lupng Idn o khu giam sal khdng dugc thay ddi cac chi thi giam bao tdn), hoSe cd gia tn chi thi cho cac sinh sat Cling nhu cac phuang phap thu thap sd li?u canh rimg nguyen sinh hoac it bi tac dgng (khu rimg cd dien lich rgng Idn lien hoan \a cd cau tnic lang tan gan nhu rimg nguyen sinh) d khu bao ton Tieu chi Tinh nhay cam nghia la cac chi thi giam sat phai phan anh chinh xac sy thay ddi dii la nhd hay Idn ma chuang trinh giam sat quan tam r \ P CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG N ( ; H E I ' \ M NGHIEP SO 1-2016 15 Qudn ly Tdi nguyen rintg & Moi trirdmg 2.3 Phuong phap \a> dung he thong tuyen GPS va phac hga sa bd tren ban dd Buac 4: Lap ban dd he thdng tuyen giam giam sat He thong luyin giam sat cac loai thu quan sat Cac sd Heu thu thap ngoai thyc dja ve tga trpng KBTTN dugc xay dung tfaeo cac dp dilm ciia cac tuyen dugc chuyen tai len ban budc sau: dd vdi sir trp giiip ciia phan mem Mapinfo Budc 1: Tiln hanh thu thap va nghien ciru 11.5 He thdng tuyen giam sat se dupc cac loai ban dd nhu: Ban dd quy hoach tdng chinh thiic sii dung cho chuang trinh giam sal thi khu bao tdn, Ban dd hien trang rimg ciia cac loai thu quan trgng KBTTN khu bao ton eung nhu so dd ve he thdng cac III K E T QUA \ \ T H A O L l AN tuyen luan tra cd san khu bao tdn Tir dd 3.1 Xac dinh muc tieu giam sat xac dinh so bg cac myen giam sat va cac khu vyc can giam sat khu bao tdn Muc dich cua viec xay dyng chuang trinh giam sat cac loai thii quan trgng cho KBTTN Budc 2: -Xay dyng cac lieu chi cho tuyen Thugng Tien la cung cip cho Ban quan ly Khu giam sat Trong nghien cim cac tuyen giam bao tdn mdt cdng cu danh gia tinh phii hgp va sat phai dap ling cac tieu chi nhu: 1) Thudc hieu qua cac hoat dgng quan ly cua Khu bao viing ldi KBTTN Thugng Ticn (trir phan khu tdn tren ca sd dd se dieu chinh ke hoach quan hanh chinh - dich vu); 2) Tuyen phai dai dien ly cho phii hgp han va dat hieu qua cao han cho cac kieu sinh canh cd khu bao tdn; 3) Myc tieu cu Ihc ciia chuang trinh giam sat la: Tuyen nam Irong cac sinh canh la noi phan bd - Xac dinh \ u the bien ddi tinh trang quan cua doi tugng giam sal; 3) Tuyen cd the kel the ciia mgi sd loai quan trpng d KBTTN hgp \di cdng tac tuan tra ciia khu bao tdn; 4) Thupng Ticn Dang bi tac dpng bdi cae de dga tir miic trung - Xac dinh pham vi va mire dp tac dpng ctia binh Ird len va 5) Tuang ddi de tiep can va cd cac de dpa chinh den da dang sinh hpc ngudn nudc cho sinh hoat hien truimg Khu bao tdn Budc 3: Tien hanh dieu Ira sa bp thyc dia dc xac dinh cdc luyen giam sat \ a cac khu vuc can giam sat khu bao tdn Trong qua Irinh dicu tra, cac thdng tin \c iga dg cac diem, cac loai quan sat true ticp va gian tiep, cac mdi de dga den loai \a smh canh dugc ghi lai bang - Danh gia tinh phii hgp va hiQU qua cua cac hoat dgng bao tdn dupc thuc hien va dilu chinh cac hoat ddng quan ly cho phii hgp va hicu qua han d moi thdi ky quan ly 3.2 Thanh phan cac loai thu quan trpng dugc lua chgn giam sat Bang Danh sich c^c loai dap irng lit ca cac tieu chi lua ch^n loai giam sil Ten khoa hgc Macaca mulalta (Zimmermann 1780) MiiLUca assiimensis (MClelland 1X4(1) Muntiacus munljak (Zimmermarui 1780) Ratufa bicolor (Spamnan 1778) Ten \ ill Nam TCl Cac lieu chi lira chgn* TC2 TC3 TC4 Khi vang Khi moc Hoang Soc den Ghi chu: (*) xem nQt dung cdc tieu chi muc 2.1 16 A P C H I KHOA HQC \ \ C N G N ( ; H K I AM \ ( ; H I I ; : i ' S ( H - TCS Qudn Iy Tdi nguyen rimg & Min trirdmg C3n cii vao cac tieu chi lua chgn cac loai thii quan trpng de giam sat Khu bao tdn, loai ihii tdng sd 59 loai thii dupc lua chgn de thyc hien giam sal (bang 1) Trong 04 loai dugc lua chgn bao gdm Khi vang (Macaca mulatto), Khi mdc {Macaca assamensis) thudc hg Khi (Cercopithecidae) bd Linh trudng (Primates), Hoang {Muntiacus muntjak) thudc hp Huau, Nai (Cervidae) bd Mdng gudc ngdn chin (Artiodactyla), bicolor) va Sdc den {Ratufa thugc hg Sdc (Sciuridae) bp Gam nham (Rodentia) 3.3 Xay dung bg cac chi so giam sat 3.3.1 Bg chi thi giam giam sat va cac chi so sat loai dugc lya chgn dupc trinh bay tai bang Trong bang ngoai cac chi thj sa cap, cac chi thi thii cip ciing dugc dua de giup cac ngudi giam saL dac biet nhimg ngudi chua cd nhilu kinh nghiem viec nhan dien loai ngoai hien trudng Trong nhieu trudng hop cac can bp giam sat khdng kip hoac khdng the nhan dien den loai ma chi den gidng hoac nhdm nao Nhieu loai ciing cd the ghi nhan qua cac dau vet hoat dgng (dau chan, phan, vet an thira ) nhimg vdi dd chinh xac han che Vi vay cin bd sung them cac chi thi thOr cap de giiip Ke hoach giam sat cd the sii dyng dugc cac thdng tin/sd Heu thu thap khdng true tiep tir cac chi thi sa cap ma gian liep qua cac chi thi sa cap, Cac chi thi giam sat va chi sd giam sat cho Bang Cac chi thj giam sat va cac chi so giam sal Chi thj so* cap Chi thj thir c a p Cac chi so giam sat Muc tieu giam sat Khi vang iXhu at a ntulatta) - Dau \ci ihirc - Su bien dpng chi so phong phu ciia - Tan so bat gap true tiep: an - an s6 bat gSp dau vet thirc quan the tai KBT; 3n - Cac dc dpa true liep den quan the Khi mdc - Dau vci thiic - Su bien dpng chi so phong phii ciia - Tan so bSt gSp true tiep; an quan the tai KBT; - Tan so bat g3p dau \et thiic an - Cac de dpa true tiep den quan the (Shu ULii assamensis) HoEng (Muntiacus muntjak) Soc den (Ratufa bicolor) Dau chan - Su bien dpng chi so phong phii cua tieng keu quan the tai KBT; - Cac de dpa true tiep den quan the - Dau vet thiic - Su bien dpng chi so phong phu ciia quan the tai KBT; an - Cac de doa tryc tiep den quan the - Tan so bat g5p true tiep; - Tan so bat gap dau vet dau chan, tieng keu - Tan so bat gap true tiep: - Tan so bat gSp dau vet thirc Bp chi so giSm sat dupc mdt dgt dicu tra chia cho tdng sd - Tdn so bdt gap cd the true tiep tren tuyen km luyen khao sat thyc hien Irong dgt dieu tra khao sal cua mgt loai se bang tdng sd ca the dd, dcm vi: Ddu vet cd thi/km ciia loai dd quan sal tryc tiep dugc mdi - Chi so phong pint: Sii dyng cdng thiic cua dgt dicu tra chia cho long sd km tuyen khao sat tac gia Trinh Tac Tan (1973) dugc phan theo thuc hi^n dgt dieu tra dd, don vi: cd cap sau: the km So ISn bat gap * 100 A% - Tdn so bdt gap cdc diem ddu vet tren tuyen khao sat cua mdt loai se bang tdng sd cac dja diem cd dau vet ciia loai dd quan sat tryc ticp = ;;—3 So tan dieu tra Mat dd udc lugng dugc xac dinh lam cap sau: TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHF LAM NGHIEP SO 1-2016 17 Qudn ly Tdi nguyen rimg & Mdi trudng c i p hilm: A - 1- 10 % (+) "oi rieng cung la mdt nhirng cdng cu de r ~ 't- (++) *^^"^ S'^ ^ ' ? " ^^^ 1"^" ly ^^^ KBT Qua dieu tra KBTTN Thupng Tiln hien dang bi de dga , - , - , - , • - • u bai tmh trang san bat dgng \at va mat sinh ^^^ ^j^gj jl^^j, j^^j pj^^p j j ^ g ^ j^gQ^i gS^ chan tha gia sue bira bai KBT, lin chilm A= 10 - 20 % Cap trung binh: *^ A=21~30/o Cap nhieu: A>30 % (+^-) (++^-^) 3.3.2 Bg chi so gidm sdt cdc mdi de dga Viec giam sat cac mdi de dga din da dang sinh hpc ndi chung va cac loai thii quan trpng dat de san xuat ndng nghiep,,.) Cac chimg cii v l tac ddng cua ngudi va cac thdng tin can thu thap dugc trinh bay tai bang Bang Bang chung cu lac d9ng va cac thong tin can thu thap TT Chirng cir phat hien Lan nghi n- Bay cai dat rung •^ o = Cay go bi chat ^ Cac thong tin can thu thap - Mdi hay cii (khoang bao nhicu ngay, thang?) - Muc dich sii dung (lan san, thu hai Iam san ) g^ j^g^^j ^jg ^ j ^ ^ ^ j ^ j^^j^j - Chup anh - So lugng bay - Chieu dai tuyen biy hoac so luong bay „ , , , / L~ _ cimng cu dpng vat dmh bay Chup anh cay bi chat Sd lugng - Ten loai cay bi chat - Khoi lugng g6 Uon - Dia chi ngudi khai thac - Chup anh Pha rimg - Dien tich kieu va Uang thai rimg - Muc dich pha rimg - Ten va dia chi ngudi pha (thdn xa) - Chup anh Gia sue tha tu - Loai gia sue - S6 lu(mg ca thS Co ngudi chan hay tha ty Xac dinh chii ciia gia siic (ten, dia chi) Chay rimg - Dien tich bi chay - Loai rirng chay - Nguyen nhan (do lua nau hep hay tu nhien) Lam san khac - Dang lam san (go, song may, mat ong, ) - Hinh thiic khai ihac - Xac dinh ngudi kJiai thac (ngudi tir dau din, ) - Khoi lugng lam san bi khai thac - Chup anh Khac (ghi ro neu co) 3.4 He thong tuyen giam sat cac loai thii giam sat, sau tiln hanh khao sat tren 16 quan tai K B r i N Thuong Tiln tuyin khu bao ton, 10 tuy^n giam sat Tren ca sd ap dung cac lieu chi vl tuyin ^^^^ 'y^ chgn vdi chieu dai lir - km dl Ihuc hicn chuang trinh giam sat (bang 4) !^ I \ P C H I K H O A H Q C \ A C N G N ( ; H E L \ M NGHIEP S O 1-2016 Qudn Iy Tdi nguyen rintg & Moi tru-ditg Bang He thong cac tuyen giam sal irong KBT Thuyng Tien Loai giam sat Ten khu virc Xdm Vang - Sudi Day; 4,5 km (xa Thugng Tien) Xdm Vang - Bai Lang; 3,7 km (x3 Thugng Tien) xdm Vay - Niii Bai Trai; 6,0 km (x3 Thugng Tien) -xom Khii - Khau cui; 3,3 km (x3 Thugng Tien) xdm Khli - Niii Bd Bua; 3,5 km (xa Thugng Tien) xdm Khli - Nui Tram; 3,0 km (xa Thugng Tien) Kim Tien - thac Mat udi; 5,0 km (xa Kim Tien) Kim Tien - Xom Thung, 2,7 km (xa Kim Tien) xom Thung - Niii Mang Da; 3,8 km (xa Quy Hoa) xom Thung - Doi Ngang; 6,0 km (xa Quy Hoa) 236 Khi vang, Khi mdc, Ho3ng 236 Khi vang, Khi moc, Hoing, Sdc bung dd, _, Soc den 236 Khi \ ang KM mdc, Sdc den Sdc bung dd 236 Khi vang, Khi mdc, Sdc den, Soc bung dd 236 Khi vang Khi moc Hoing, Sdc den, Sdc bung 236 Khi vang, Khi mdc, Soc den Soc bung dd 238 236 Khi vang, Hoang Soc den, Sdc bung dd Khi vang, Khi moc, Hoing, Soc den, Soc bung Khi vang Khi moc, Hoang, Soc den, Soc bung dd Khi vang Khi moc HoSng, Soc den, Soc bung Ghi chu: Gidm sdt cdc de dga dugc thuc hi^n a ldt cd cdc diem vd dugc ket li(rp qud trinh ihuc hien dieu tra gidm sdt cdc lodi thu quan trQng 3.5 P h u g n g p h a p giam sat cac loai thii quan sat ddng vat va tien hanh cic dgt khao sat lap lai theo chu ky da dinh 3.5.1 Trang thiet bi phuc vu gidm sdt Nhdm giam sat bao gdm - ngudi giam sat di bg dgc theo tuyen vdi tdc dg cham ( - km/h) chii y quan sat de phat hien cac loai giam sat va tieng keu cua chiing Thdi gian tiln hanh giam sat tir 6h00 - IhOO ma cac loai thii boat dgng manh nhal va dl quan sat, Klii bat gap mgt ca the dgng vat (hoac mgt nhdm dgng vat) cac thdng tin sau sc dupc ghi nhan: ten loai, tga (GPS), sd lupng ca thi ciia dan, sinh canh nai bat gap Cac trang thiet bj phuc vy giam sat thii bao gdm: dng nhdm, GPS, dja ban, ban dd dia hinh khu ^ c khao sat, may ghi am, may anh, phieu giam sat, sd ghi chep, son dd hoac day danh dau hjyen, dao phat tuyen 3.5.2 Phirong phdp gidm sdl theo tuyen Phuang phap giam sat theo tuyen se dugc sur dyng cho giam sat loai dugc lya chgn danh sach (bang 1) dya tren he thdng cac tuyen giam sat co djnh da dugc thiet lap cac khu vyc giam sat Tai diem dau va diem cudi mdi tuyen dugc danh dau ro rang bang cac mdc son mau Tren cac tuyen tai cac cung doan cung se dugc danh dau bang son dd de thuan tien cho viec di lai tren tuyen, quan Ddi vdi loai Hoang viec quan sat dugc true tiep vat la rat khd, chii yiu ghi nhan su hien dien ciia loai qua dau chan va bai phan chiing de lai ngoai hien trudng 3.5.3 Chu ki gidm sdt Chu ky giam sat dugc xac dinh dua tren TAP CHI KHOA HQC \ \ CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 1-2016 19 Qudn ly Tdi nguyen rimg & Mdi truimg nguon nhan lyc va kinh phi sin cd cung nhu va viet bao cao ve nhdm loai Vi day se la mite dp va pham vi tac ddng ciia ngudi den cdng viec thudng xuyen \ a lau dai nen KBT cac loai thii \a sinh canh cua chiing tai KBT can cd ke hoach dao lao them kien thiic ve Chu ky giam sat thii de xuat tai KBTTN nhdm loai dugc giao phu trach cho cac Thugng Tiln la thang mdt lan vien Td giam sat da dang sinh hpc 3.5.4 Phdn tich vd xir ly sd lieu Xac dinh tan sd bat gap ctia mdi loai: Thdi gian dau trien khai thuc hien ke hoach can cd sy giam sal ciia chuyen gia xay dung ke hoach giam sat de kjp thdi phat hi?n va chinh Cdng thiic linh: F l = y - sira nhihig sai sdt xay ra, nham dam bao cho Trong dd: vice thyc hien ke hoach giam sat dugc dung F|: Tan suat bat gap (ca the/km); Nj: Tdng sd cd the ghi nhan L|: Tdng chieu dai cac tuyen khao sal (km) The hien tren ban ly le 1:25.000 cac diem phat hien loai giam sat vdi sy trg giup ciia phan mem Mapinfo 11 Thdng ke cac ghi nhan ve cac tac dpng true tiep den ioiii phat hi?n dugc qua trinh di khao sat Cdng thirc tinh: F2 = — Trong dd: Fi: Tan suat bit gap moi de dga (mdi dc dga km): N2: Tong sd chiing cir phat hien dgt khao sat d mdi khu vyc; Li: Tdng km cac Uiyen khao sat da thuc hicn d khu vyc dd (km) 3.6 To chuc thuc hifn ke hoach giam sat cac loai thu quan trpng KBTTN Thugng Tien cin lap mgt nhdm can bg giam sat da dang sinh hgc (ggi la Td giam sat sinh hgc) Td giam sat sinh hgc bao gdm cac can bd khoa hgc ky thuat thudc Ban quan ly KBTTN Thugng Tiln Td se cd mdt td trudng chiu trach nhiem id chirc va giam sat hoat ddng ciia ca nhdm Trong td se phan cdng trach nhi?m cho timg vien Mdi viOn tiiy theo chirc nang dugc phan cdng sc chju trach nhiem thyc hien guini sat nhdm loai dugc giao va theo ddi xii ly sd lieu 20 vdi yeu cau va dat dugc kel qua mong mudn Ngoai ra, trudc giam sat can td chirc cac ldp tap huan de thdng nhat ve phuong phap quan sal Iren tuyen, ghi chep sd lieu va xii ly sd lieu I \ K E T LUAN Chuong trinh giam sat thii quan trpng dupc xay dung bao gdm; xac dinh muc tieu giam sat, lua chgn loai giam sat, xac dinh h? thdng tuyen giam sat, cac phucmg phap giam sat ciing nhu each thiic td chiic thyc hien mdi chuan trinh giam sat cho KBTTN Thupng Tien Cu the nhu sau: - Da xac dinh dugc 04 loai thii de liln hanh giam sat ta: Khi vang iMciiuca mulatto), Khi mdc {Macaca assamensis), Sdc den (Ratufa bicolor), Hoiing (Muntiacus muntjak) - Bp chi sd giam sat cac loai thii quan Irgng bao gom tdn so bdt gap cd the true licp, tdn so bdt gap cdc diem ddu vet chi w phong phu Cac chi sd giam sat danh gia tac ddng vao mdi trudng sdng ciia cac loai thii bao gom: tdn s6 bdt gap bdy, tdn 90 bdt gap nguoi di son tdn so bdt giip lan tha sdn - Da xay dung he thdng tuyin giam sal vdi tdng sd la 10 luyin, tap trung chii yiu lai phan khu bao ve nghiem ngat va phan khu phuc hoi sinh thai ciia Khu bao tdn vdi chilu dai tuyin tir ( , - ) km - Phuang phap giam sat theo tuyin se dugc sii dung qua trinh giam sat cac loai thu [ \ P CMI KHO \ HQC \ A C ONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 1-2016 Qudn ly Tdi nguyen rirng & Mdi truffng quan trgng tai Khu bao tdn Chu ky giam sat la ihang/lan TAI LIEL THAM KHAO tdn vd Phdt tnhi rimg bin u m g Khu b6o l6n thien nhien Thif0ig Tien giai dogn 2014 - 2020 tdm nhin 2030 Chi cue Kilm Lam Hoa Binh, Hoa Binh, Do Tuoc va cpng sy (20 i 2) Bdo cdo dieu tra da B6 Khoa hpc \ a Cong n ^ ? , \'ien Khoa hpc va Cong ngh4 Vict Nam (2007) Sach Do Vi0i Nam phdn Idong vgt Nxb Khoa hoc Ty nhien va Cong nghe Ha Not dgng sinh hpc d Khu BTTN Thutnig Tiin Hoa Binh Chinh phli nuac CHXHCN Viet Nam (2006) Mghj dinh 32/2(106 SD-CP ve qudn ly dong vgt rimg thuc \gt rimg nguy cdp, quy hiem Ha Npi dang sinh hpc Vuon qu6c gia Tam Dao Bdo cdo khoa Dong Thanh Hai va cpng sy (2014) Bdo cao Bdo Nguyen Xuan Dang Ha Quy Quynh Nguyen Cu Ha \ an Tua (2009) Khung chuong trinh giam sat da hoc vi sinh thdi vd tdi ngu} en 'iinh vgt - Hpi nghi khoa hpc loan qudc lan thii S Nxb Nong nghiep Ha Noi 487^93 DEVELOPMENT OF IMPORTANT MAMMAL SPECIES MONITORING PROGRAM IN THl'ON(, HEN N.ATURE RESERVE, HOA BINH PROVINCE Dong Thanh Hai SLM.M\R^ Thuong Tien Nature Re-serve Hoa Binh province is located in north-westcm ecoregions of Vietnam where contains unique ecosystems and key animal and plant species in Vietnam Currently, the isscssment of changing trends and the use of animals as well as effective management of biodiversity in the reserve struggling with difficulties due lo lack of monitoring system for mammals and biodiversity This study focuses on developing an important mammal monitoring program in the reserve as a basis to propose solutions and conservation plan close to reality, creating practical efficiency and sustainability Literature r c \ i c « , line transects were used to develop criteria and parameters set for species selection and monitoring A total of important mammal species were selected for the monitoring program include: Rhesus macaque (Macaca niulaiia), Assam macaque {Macaca as.samensis) Black giant squirrel (Ratufa bicolor) and Indian muntjac (\fiiiuiin Iff muntjak) In addition, the indicators for moniioring Ihe mammals and their threats, methods of moniloring, monitoring systems, monitoring cycle and monilonng implementation plan is also developed This IS ihe first important mammal monitoring program developed for the resen'c Keywords: Hoa Binh, mammals, monitoring, parameters, Thirpng Tien Ngudi phan bien Ngdy nhan bai Nga> phan bien Nyay quyet dinh dang PGS.TS Nguyen Xuan Dang 10/01/2016 20/01/2016 25/01/2016 T VP CHI KHOA HQC \ V CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 1-2016 21 ... giam sal thi khu bao tdn, Ban dd hien trang rimg ciia cac loai thu quan trgng KBTTN khu bao ton eung nhu so dd ve he thdng cac III K E T QUA \ \ T H A O L l AN tuyen luan tra cd san khu bao tdn... khu vyc can giam sat khu bao tdn Muc dich cua viec xay dyng chuang trinh giam sat cac loai thii quan trgng cho KBTTN Budc 2: -Xay dyng cac lieu chi cho tuyen Thugng Tien la cung cip cho Ban quan. .. sd bat gap thg san khu bao tdn, mat lan ciia ngudi khai thac lam II PHL ONG PHAP NGHIEN CL U san trai phep khu bao ton, sd vu vi pham 2.1 Phvong phap xac dinh cac loai thii quan phat hien hang