NONG NGHIEP NONG THON Tac dong kinh te, xa hoi va moi trudng cua viec phat trien nhien iieu sinh hpc 6 Vi^t Nam DOAN THJ THU HlTdNG 7f2di vidt trinh bdy mdt sd tdc ddng kinh ti'''', xd hdi vd mdi tritdng[.]
NONG NGHIEP - NONG THON Tac dong kinh te, xa hoi va moi trudng cua viec phat trien nhien iieu sinh hpc Vi^t Nam DOAN THJ THU HlTdNG 7f2di vidt trinh bdy mdt sd tdc ddng kinh ti', xd hdi vd mdi tritdng cua viic phdt trien ^^ nhiin lieu sinh hgc d Viit Nam Qua dd cd thi thdy viic phdt triin nhiin lieu sinh hoc Id mdt hudng di dung, cdn triin khai rdng rai d nhiiu vilng, dia phitdng di gdp phdn thdc ddy phdt triin kinh td viing, dia phitdng, cung nhit ddng gdp vdo cdng cudc xda ddi gidm nghio vd bdo vi mdi tritdng N h i i n lidu sinh h9C va xu hfldrng p h a t tril'n, sit d u n g n h i i n l i i u sinh h o c 1.1 Ndng lucfng tdi tqo vd vai trd cua ndng lUc/ng sinh hpc Nang lUdng ddng vai trd quan trpng dd'i vdi sii phat trien kinh te xa hdi An ninh qud'c gia, an ninh kinh ti^ ludn gan hen vdi an ninh nang liidng cua mdt qud'c gia Vi vliy chinh sach phat trien kinh te, xa hdi ben viJng, chinh sach nang lUdng ludn diidc dat lin hang diu Theo tinh toan ciia cac chuyin gia kinh ti^ nang liidng, diu md v^ dot hien chiem khoang 60 80% can can nang lifdng the gidi Vdi tdc dp tiiu thu nhii hiin va trii liidng diu md hiin cd, nguon nang liidng se nhanh chdng bi can kiit vdng khoang tii 40 den 50 nam niia Dien bien phiic tap ciia gia xang diu gin day 111 nhu ciu sii dung dilu thd cling Idn va nhiing blit d'n chinh tri tai nhiing niidc san xulit diu md Dl ddi phd tinh hinh dd, cin tim cac nguon nang liidng thay t h ^ liu tiin h^ng d i u cho cac nguon nang liidng tai sinh vll than thiin vdi mdi tnidng Trong so nguon nang liidng thay the than da va d i u md dang siJt dung hiin (nang liidng gid, nang liidng mat trdi, ), nang liidng sinh hpc dang 1st xu the phat triin tlit yiu, nhlTt la d cac niidc ndng nghipp v^ nhiLp khilu nhi^n heu, cac ldi ich to Idn ciia nd nhii: cdng nghi san xulit khdng qua phiic tap, t^n dung nguon nguyin hiu tai cho, l^m tang hieu qua cua kinh ti^ ndng nghiip, khdng cin thay dd'i c^u tao ddng cd ciing nhii c^u triic cua cd sd t^ng hien cd va gia canh tranh so vdi xang dilu O niidc ta hdn 10 nam qua, viic khai thac nang liidng sd c^p tang trung binh 16,4% Sii dung nang liidng sd clip tang binh qu^n hdn 10% Td'c dp tang tnfdng nang liidng tang 11%, cao hdn tang triidng kinh te 1,46 lan Vdi td'c dp tang tnidng kinh te va trii liidng nang liidng hda thach hiin cd thi kha nang khai thac diu ciing chi dap iing vdng 30 40 nam niia Do vlly, d n sdm tim nguon nguyin hiu thay thi^v^ nhiin hiu sinh hpc la mdt liia chpn tlit yiu Nhiin liiu sinh hpc (biofuels) 1^ loai nhiin hiu diidc hinh th^nh t^ cac hdp chlit cd nguon gd'c ddng thiic viLt (sinh hpc) Vi du nhii nhiin hiu chi^ xulit tii chlit bio ciia ddng thiic vllt (md ddng vllt, dilu diia, ), hoac ngu cdc (liia my, san, ngo, dilu tiidng, ),^chirt thai ndng nghiip (rdm, ra, ph^n gia siic, ), san ph^m thai cdng nghiip (miln ciia, san phllm go thai), Loai nhiin h i u cd nhieu liu ^ e m ndi bM so vdi cac loai nhiin lieu truyen thdhg (diu khi, than da, ), chang han: Doin Thi Thu Hucmg, Vidn KLohtd'V^et Nam 63 Tdc ddng kinh td', xa hOI Tinh cha't than thi^n vdi mdi tnidng: chiing sinh it hllm liidng clic lo^i khf (CO2, 'CH4, ) gay hipu iing nhli kinh (mpt hiiu iing vllt 1^ khiih tr&i d&'t ndng lin) v& it gay d nhiem mdi trUdng hdn cac loai nhien lieu truyin thd'ng Nguon nhiin h | u t&i sinh: cac nhien hiu n&y l&'y tilf hoat ddng san xu&^t ndng nghiip v& cd the tai sinh Chiing giiip qua trinh phat trien ciia n i n kinh t l , ciing nhU ciia cac ng&nh giam sii If thupc v&o nguon t&i nguyin nhiin lieu khdng t&i sinh truyin thd'ng Tuy nhien, hien v&^n di sii dung nhiin hiu sinh hpc v&o ddi sd'ng cdn nhilu han che chita dutdc gia th&nh san xulit xud'ng th&'p hdn so vdi nhiin h i u truyin thd'ng Trong tUdng lai, nguon nhiin hiu truyin thd'ng can kiet, nhiin h i u sitih hpc cd kha n&ng 1& iing cii viin thay the 1.2 Xu hiidng phdt trien, svC dung nhien lieu sinh hpc tren thd gidi vd Viet Nam Trin thd gidi: Mdt thach thiic Idn cho nhan loai the ky XXI 1& giam phat thai d nhiem, nh^t 1& CO2, CH4, gay n i n nh& kinh, yeu to" quyet dinh gay bien doi khf h&u Vlin de chfnh ditdc d&t 1& tim ditqJc mpt nguon n&ng Ihdng sach, xh, doi d&o de thay t h i cho nguon nhiin lipu hda thach, bi coi 1& 'Tjin" v& thiic t l , da diidc dii bao 1& se sdm bi can kiet Vi v&y n&ng litdng sinh hpc hiin dang 1& mot hitdng di m& nhilu qudc gia da liia chpn Braxin 1& qudc gia d i u tiin sii dung ethanol (con sinh hpc) tii cay mfa ditdng l&m nhien lieu sinh hpc d quy md cdng nghiip tii n&m 1970 H i u h i t t&^t ca cac loai xang d qudc gia n&y diu ditdc pha c h i vdi ty li khoang 25% ethanol (cdn diidc gpi 1& E25), nhd v&y, moi n&m Braxin da tilt kiem ditdc khoang t r i n ty USD, khdng g^ phiii nh|ip d i u md v^ gdp p h i n ddng k l cho giai quyi^ khiing hoAng n&ng liiqtng d nifdc nliy, Hi^n t^i, Braxin cd cdc d^ng cd chay x&ng, tdi tren tri^u td sii dung ho&n to&n ethanol v^ t r i n 17 tri^u d td sii dung E25 Th&nh cdng n&y b&t ngu6n tii Chiidng trinh qudc gia san xulit c6n Proalcool cua Chinh phu dii