Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
^ CHINH SRCH VĴ LUfiT PHAP TRONG QURN LV CHAT THRI RRN 6 UCN MINH CHfiU AU (€U) TRONG NHUNG NRM G A N DAV Nguyen Thi Ngpc Tom tat Ld khu vuc kinh te l&n tren the gi&i, hdng nam Lien minh Chdu Au (EU)[.]
^ CHINH SRCH VJ^ LUfiT PHAP TRONG QURN LV CHAT THRI R R N UCN MINH CHfiU AU (€U) TRONG NHUNG NRM G A N DAV Nguyen Thi Ngpc Tom tat: Ld khu vuc kinh te l&n tren the gi&i, hdng nam Lien minh Chdu Au (EU) cU tgo nguon chdt thdi rdn (CTR) khdng Id tir hogt dpng cdng nghiep, sinh hogt, xdy dung Tuy nhien, he thdng lugt phdp, chinh sdch duac xdy dung hap ly, chat che vd duac td chuc thirc hien hieu qud & phuang dien khu vuc noi chung vd & phuang dien tieng qudc gia ndi rieng da giup cdc nu&c EU thuc hien thdnh cdng cdng tdc qudn ly chdt thdi rdn, tr& thdnh "md hinh " de cdc nu&c tren the giai hpc tap Bdi viet tap trung tim hieu, phdn tich, ddnh g tinh hinh thue hien vd vai tro cua chinh sdch, lugt phdp viec qudn ly CTR & EU giai dogn hien Tir khoa: chdt thdi rdn qudn ly ludt phdp, chinh sdch Lien minh ChduAu Qudn Iy CTR la qua trinh quan Iy tdng chung Hdi dong EU dua ra, trfin co sd dd hgp bao gdm thu gom, van chuyfin, xir ly, tdi cdc qudc gia thdnh vifin ban hanh cdc chinh che hodc tieu hiiy vd quan trdc cac Ioai CTR sdchriengciia nudc minh Hi?n nay, quan Iy CTR d EU va Viet Nam dugc liep can theo hudng quan ly tdng bgp vd dugc xem nhu mdt giai phap tich hgp ddm bdo tinh bin vung lya chgn quy hoach va qudn Iy mdi trudng h-ong timg difiu kifin cy the H^ thong chinh sdch va luat phap ve quan ly CTR d EU Lugt phap la nhiing quy phgm hdnh vi nha nudc ban hdnh bupc ngudi ddn phdi tuan theo nham dieu chinh cdc quan he xa hdi va trat tu xa hdi Day la gidi phap mang tinh phdp ly, bdt huge, chi phdi hogt ddng ciia ca nhan, tap thfi Nhu vdy, Iuat phdp Id cdng cu thuc tifin hda cdc chinh sdch ciia nhd nudc Tbyc tfi cho thdy, tai EU ngudi ta da Chinh sach Id sdch luge, ke hogch cu the xdy dyng dugc he thdng ludl phap, chinh nhdm dgt dugc muc dich nhat dinh dya vdo sdch phii hgp, dii manh lien quan den quan Iy dudng Ioi chinh trj chung va tinh hinh thuc CTR ciing nhu xay dung dugc bg tifiu chuan tl md dl chinh sdch EU, chinh sdch ky thugt cho ITnh vuc qudn iy ndy 'TS, Vi|n Nghifin cihi Chflu Au 32 NGHIEN CLirU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW U°9 (168).2014 Qudn ly CTR d EU dugc tifip can dya trfin nguyfin tdc ngudi gay d nhiem phai tra tien, trdch nhiem cua nha san xudl, xir ly tai ngudn Tir dd, cdng tdc qudn Iy CTR dugc tien hanh theo hudng, bao gdm: I) Phdng trdnh ldng phi Day Id ndi dung rdl quan trgng bat ky chien lugc qudn ly CTR ndo CTR dugc gidm thieu tir ngudn va khdng dfi nhihig hda chat ddc hgi cd sdn pham dfin tay ngudi tifiu dimg Trdnh lang phi phai dugc gan lifin vdi cdng nghfi sdn xuat tiet kiem, cdng nghe xanh, cdng nghfi bao gdi than thien v.v.; 2) Tdi che vd tdi su dung CTR dugc tdi sii dyng va tai che mgt each khoa hgc bifin chiing vat lieu chudi san xuat mdi EU xdy dung va uu tifin khung chuang trinh "sudi CTR" nham giai quyet vdn dfi CTR bao bi, pin, CTR dien tii Theo dd cdc qudc gia thdnh vien se xay dung cho minh chfi tai thuc hien tbu gom, xii ly ddng CTR ndi trfin; (3) Cdi tien cdc bien phdp xir ly vd gidm sdt cuoi ciing CTR khdng cd khd nang tdi chfi, xii ly phdi dugc tieu buy vd chdn lap mdt cdeh an loan Chdn lap dugc coi Id gidi phdp cudi cung khdng thi dp dyng dugc cdc giai phdp khdc Quy trinh chdn ldp dugc gidm sat mgt cdeh chat che nham ban chfi vific igi dyng chdn Idp cd CTR thdng thudng, CTR cd khd ndng tdi chfi ^ Dfi gidm lugng CTR, cung nhu Iugng CTR bd cudi cimg, EU da tifin hanh dong thdi cdc giai phdp nham ngan chgn xd thai, tdi sii dyng, tdi che, cdc phuang phap thu hii khdc, xd thai mdi trudng Nhd do, nhifiu nam trd lai day, lugng CTR viil bo dem chdn lap, dot v.v giam ddng ke Muc dich qudn ly CTR d EU budng toi giam tdc ddng den mdi trudng, cai thien siic khde ngudi va sii dung hieu qud nguIn tai nguyfin Dfi hien thuc hda, cdc chinh sach va ludl phdp vl qudn Iy CTR dfiu nhdm giam thieu lugng CTR dugc tao ra, thiic ddy tai che, ldi sir dung nhu mgt ngudn tdi nguyen thii cdp I.I Ophirofng di^n khu virc Trudc day, cdc quy dinh phdp ly ve qudn Iy CTR dugc Lien minh Chau Au xay dung tren cdp nhu khung I dudi day: European Commission, Waste Stalislic, URL.htq5://epp.eurostat ec.europa eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Waste_statistics &Ukh, tad*, oa biqt phan tr«ng^ ^^ Khung 1: Cap d9 phap ly ciia cac quy dinh ve quan ly CTR tai EU Hiep uac EU: Dieu 28 d8n 30, DiSu 174 dfa 176 Chien lugrc cMt thai rSn cong dong: COM (96) 339 Cap 1: Cac quy dinh theo chieu ngang - Chi thi Idlung chJt thai rfo 75/442(91)156; - Chi thi xu ly chSt thai rSn doc hai 91/689; - Quy tic ve van chuyen 93/259 cip dp 2: Cac quy dinh ve xu ly chat thai ran - Chi thi vS d6t chit thai rin 2000/76; - Chi thi vJ ch6n lip 1993/31; - Quy dinh \h thiSt bi chi thi 2000/59 cip dp 3: Dong chat thai rin dac biet -Diu thai 75/439; - Bao bi 94/62; - Bun thai: 86/278; - PCBs: 95/59; -Pin thai: 91/157; - Oto: 2000/53; - Chat thai rSn san xuat dien hat tlhan: 2002/96; - Phan thJi dpng vat 1774/2002 Nguon: European Commission, EU http://ec.europa.cu/environment/wasteAegislation/ Sau niy cdc quy djnh dupc sua doi va waste legislation, URL: 75/439/EEC Chi thi cung cip Ichuon c\i the tren cic linh vyc, ching han: (1) Cac kh5 chung v8 yeu ciu quan ly CTR va cac quy djnh ve khung CTR c6: Chi Ihi dinh nghia co ban lien quan din quan ly 2008/98/EC cua Hpi dong Chau Au \i CTR thay cho Chi thj 2006/12/EC, 91/689/EC vd CTR Quyil dinh 2005/532/EC vj danh muc CTR phan biet ro CTR nguy hai vJi 34 NGHIEN CCrU CHAU A U - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°9 (16B).2014 khdng nguy hai vd gdn lien vdi edc dinh I013/2006/EC thi 86/278/EEC vfi bdo ve mdi trudng ddt tai sd cdc khu vuc cd bun thdi dd vdo dat nong vfi van chuyfin CTR xuyfin nghiep; Lifin quan dfin pin va acquy, Chi thi nghia chi tbi tren Qiry dinh qudc gia; (2) Cdc quy dinh vfi hogt ddng 91/157/EEC vfi pin, dcquy cd chiia cdc chit quan ly CTR bao gdm Chi thi 199/31/EC v l nguy hifim nhat dinh; Lifin quan den bao bi cdc bai chdn Idp CTR, quy dinh phu trg, bdo va CTR bao bi cd Chi thi 94/62/EC v l CTR cao cua cac nudc thdnh vifin vfi tinh hinh bao bi va cdc quy djnh phy trg khdc nhu chdn ldp, Chi thi 2000/76/EC vl viec xd ly Quyit CTR thi dang bao bi, Quyit dinh 97/138/EC vl he 2000/59/EC v l viec tilp nhdn CTR tai cdc thdng ca sd du lieu bao bi, Quyit dinh bang phuang phap dot, Chi dinh 97/129/EC v l he thdng nhan cdng bien, cang sdng; (3) Cdc quy dinh vfi 1999/42/EC vfi thdng bdo cac chi tifiu ve chit dong CTR dac biel cd Chi thi 75/439/EEC v l Iugng bao bi, Quyet dinh 199/177/EC ve tieu vific xii ly dau thai; Lifin quan tdi CTR titan chuan kim loai ngng cd thiing nhua; dioxit Lifin quan den xir ly xa thai polychlorinaled cdng nghiep bao gdm Chi thi 78/176/EEC vfi xir Iy CTR tir cdng nghifip biphenyl (PCB) vd polyehlorinale terphenyls titan, Chi thi 82/883/EEC vfi vific giam sat (PCT) cd Chi thi 96/59/EC; Lifin quan toi mdi trudng lien quan tdi CTR lit ngdnh cdng vdng ddi cua cdc phuang tifin giao thong la nghifip titan, Chi thi 92/U2/EEC Chi thi 2000/53/EC v.v.^ v l cdc chuang trinh gidm thieu d nhifim CTR titan cdng nghiep; Lien quan tdi viec sir dung bim thai sdn xuat ndng nghiep cd Chi O EU, cac chinh sdch vfi CTR va quan ly CTR dugc hogch dinh theo mdt chu trinh logic, chat che, bao gdm: ^ Ngu6n: European Commission, EU wasli legislation, URL:http://ec.europa.eu/en vironment/waste'' • n^islation/ &uah meh od hidt phdfi hn^ag 35 Sff II Chu trinh hoach dinh chinh sach quan ly CTR d cac nu'dc EU Xdc dinh van de im tien K6 hoach tong the Phoi h