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KHOA HOC CONG NGHE IXIGHIEIV CLTU OAIVH GIA HIEU QUA XU LY JVIOT SO THAIVH PHAIM CHAT D IMHiilVI H U U CO CO TROIVG IXIUQC T H A I 5AI\ I X U A T B IA B A I M G IVIUIXI CUA Pham Thi Trang'''' Duong Ttu H[.]
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE IXIGHIEIV CLTU OAIVH GIA HIEU QUA X U LY JVIOT S O T H A I V H PHAIM C H A T D IMHiilVI H U U C O CO TROIVG IXIUQC T H A I A I \ I X U A T B I A B A I M G IVIUIXI C U A Pham Thi Trang' Duong Ttu HSu^ T6MTAT Ket qua nghien cuu dugfc thuc hien Iren mau nude thai n i a nha may bia tai Ha Noi Trong qua trinh san xuat, nha niiy da phat sinh mot lugng ldn nude thai co chiia nhieu ph&n gay nhiem moi trudng d^ic bi^t la cac hop chat hiru co Vat lieu duoc nghien cmi de xu ly la mun cua da duoc boat hoa d SOOT, Ket qua ciia nghien ciiu chi rang gia tn khdi luong toi uu ciia miin cua la g doi vdi 100 mL nude thai Hi^u suat xu ly cac tiiong so lan luot la TSS (90,49% - 95,93%), COD dat tii 82,94% - 87.78% BOD,, tu 70.74% - 81,92%, nito tir 69,2 - 71,19%, photpho tong sd dat tir 60,65% - 72.02% Hieu qua xu ly nude thai nha may bia bang miin cua hoat hoa dat k6t qua tdt Mau nude sau xu ly hau het deu dat chuan so vdi cot B ciia QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT trir thdng sd BOD, Tukhda: O nhiem huu ca, mun cua hoat hoa, san xuat bia .xii ly nuoc thai Ma DAU 2.2 Phuong phap phan tich Trong qua trinh boat ddng san xuat bia tao mot Thdng sd nghien cuu dupc phan tieh bang luong ldn cac chat thai gay d nhidm mdi trudng, dac nhung phuong phap cu the nhu bang buH la nude thai Nude thai san xuat bia chu y^u phat Bang Phuong phap phan tich dc chi tifiu thi sinh tir qua hinh ve sinh may moc, thiet hi, nha nghidm xudng, tap trung d khu vuc len men Ipe bia va chiet Phuong phap phiin lich Thong so san pham Trong nude thai co phan phuc tap, Do bang may pH IVIeter pH ndng dp chat huu co, luong chat ran la lung eao ST5000 Nguon thai n^u khdng duoc xu ly se gay d nhi^m Nhiet May pH Meter ST5000 nioi trudng, anh hudng xau den sue khde va ddi sdng BOD, SMEWW 5210B:2012 cpng ddng Vat lieu hap phu ed eau tnic mang ludi COD SMEWW 5220C:2012 tinh the rdng xdp nen co kha nang lam sach mdi Nilo tong so TCVN 6638:2000 tmong nude Viec nghien eiru kha nang xu ly hop Phot long sd TCVN 6202:2008 chat huu CO ed nude thai san xuat bia bang TSS TCVN 6625:2000 aSO nnin cua co y nghia khoa hoc, gdp phdn bao ve mdi 11923:1997) tiiidng 2.3 Phucmg phap bd tri thi nghidm 2, PHUONG PHAP NGHei CUU 2.1 PhiKmg p h a p lay m i u 2.3.1 Thiet bl - Tlidi gian lay mau: 10 gid - Tu say: say khd vat lieu trudc Ihi nghiem - Tan suat lay mau: Cac mau nude thai dugc lay dot, vao eae thang 1/2019 thang 2/2019, thang 3/2019 va thang 4/2019 - Sd Iuong mau: mau (01 mau / I dot) - Vj tri lay mau: b^ chtia nude thai tap trung - Phuong phap lay mau: theo TCVN 6663-1:2011 - Bao quan mau: theo TCVN 6663-3: 2008 - Can phan tich sd: can hda chat, vat lieu can thiet de tien hanh thi nghiem - May pH ST 5000: pH, nhiet dd ciia mau nude thai - May tong chat ran lo lung model 711, Hang Royee Techologies: xac dinh thdng sd TSS - May UV - VIS 6100: xac dinh thdng sd COD, nito tdng sd, photpho tdng sd -Tii am BOD5: xac dinh gia tri thdng sd BODr, Tmdng Dili lioc Nong - Lam Bac Giang Email: hauduonslhanh@gmaiI.com - May lac ngang 3006: lac mau phan tieh M A M / ^ W/:;HIFP V A PHAT TPIEN N O N G THON - KY + - THANG 2/2020 KHOA HOC Cd.2.3.2 Vat heu - Miin cua da hoat hda a 300 C - Nude thai nha may bia lay tai be tap trung 2.3.3 Bo tri thi nghiem Thi nghiem bd tri theo phuong phap ngau nhien: Can lin luot m,, m mj (g) miin cua cho vao 100 mL miu nude thai - l i e cac mau nude tren may lac vdng 60 phtit, sau dd de yen 30 phtit, anh hirdng eua nhiet dp, ap suat, pH eua miu dac biet eau tnic ciia mun CLTd hoat hda lien quan d&n kich thude mao quan, dien tich be mat nen can cd mdt khoang thdi gian (hich hop gnip he dat trang thai can bang hap phu de tiniraA(g) miin etra tdi uu [21, [4] 2.4 Phuong ph^p xii ly k^t qua dupc nung Thdi gian nung ndu qua ngan thi mun cua chira dupc boat hda het than, thdi gian qua lau se khien miin cua hi nung qua txo khong the sii dung duoc Mim cua sau boat hda ed mau den (cdn duoc gpi la than hoat tinh) ed tac diing hut bam Hiil ham la mdt hien hrong bd mat vay co lien quan toi \Ting b^ mat, mdi tnidng Su hiit thay the sue hiit noi phan tii giua bd mat eacbon va chal bi hiit Lire hiit ed the bidn doi bang each tang mat dp tlian hay giam khoang each giua be mat than va chat bi hap phu Toan bd than dupc sir dung viec hiil c6 the tai sinh mot sd dang khac Plio bien la eho vao Id nung hoat tinh lai, ddi hoi phai ddt nong than len, khii cac cha't hum co bi hap phu Hieu suat hap phu dupc danh gia thong qua cdng thiic: - 100% ' ^ ^ ^ Trong dd: H: Hieu suat hap phu (%): C,,: Nong dd ban dau (mg/l); C,: N6ng sau hap phu (mg/l) Danh gia chat lupng nude thai dau vao va dau cua thi nghiem dupc so sanh vdi QC\?s 40:2011/BTNMT cot B, Quy chuan Ky thuat Quoc gia vd nude thai edng nghiep fttCm S.KFiqUAniGHBUCUU 3.1 Dac tinh eua mim cua hoat hda Mun CUB la chat thai ctia qua trinh chd bidn go Gd tir mdt khdi to dupe tao hinh mang di cira cha, bao mdn de tao hinh khdi mong mudn qua h'inh dd da tao eae vun gd nho goi la miin cua Mim cira cd Idch thude nho, dudng kinh tir mdt den mdt vai mm Miin cua duoc boat hoa bang each nung lo dien U-ong dieu kien yem d nhiet dp 300'C khoang Ueng Sau dd, mim eua duoc cho vao hdp kin day nap de ngudi tranh tiep xuc nhieu vdi khdng Khong nen nung mim cua b nhiet dp qua cao, vi can true ctia hat mim eua rat nhd se lam cho Idp mim d hen bi chay (hanh tro cdn Idp mim a dudi van chira Hmh Anh SEM ciia mim cua hoat h6a Miin eua sau hoat hoa cd eau tnic (6 ong xoo la su sap xep vd trat lu ehi6u cua eh&t thom va manh tinh the eanh Kich thude mao quan khoang 50 ~ 150 (im, dien tich bd mat 100 - 300 m'Vgam Vcji cau tnic tao eac 16 giiia cac lop kich thuoc phan li> de tang tinh hut cd loi ciia miin cua hoat hoa 3.2 Tinh ch^t cua nude thai sir dung nghidn cuu Mau nubc thai duoe lay va phan tich trudc tidn hanh thi nghiem Ket qua phan tich the h ' ' bang NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TDIEM NONG THON - KY + - THANG 2/202D KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Bang K^t qua phan tich chat lupng nuoc thai tai be chiia nirdc that tap trung Thai gian lav mau (JC\'N.10.2l)ll/BTN Don vi Lani Lan2 L4n3 MT, cot B Lan4 7,3 7.8 7,5 7,4 5,5-9 pH Nhiet °C 24.3 26,0 26,2 27,0 40 TSS mg/L 1020 2410 1426 1522 100 COD mg/L 850 1120 1195 870 150 mg/L 530 913 713 540 BOD5 50 Nito tong so mg/L 49,3 59,2 52,3 51,3 40 mg/L 6.7 Phot long so 6,9 6,5 6,1 K&t qua eho thay gia tri pH, nhiet eua nude thdi het bat dau ndng dan len, nhu eau eiia ngirdi thai nam gia tri cho phep cua quy chuan Cac dan tang manh va de dap irng nhu eau ngudi heu thdng sd khac ddu vuot qua gia tn gidi han quy dinh dung nha may bia tang san luong dan ddn lupng h-ong QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT Cu the nhu sau: nude thai tang cao Thong so Nong dd TSS cao hon 10,2 - 24,1 lan so vdi quy chuan; ngoai day la mau nude thai giau chat huu CO dd phan hiiy khien cho ndng dp BOD5 vuot qua tieu ehuan tu 10,6 - 18,26 lan; COD cao hon lii 5,66 7,96 lan; ndng dp nito tdng sd cao hon 1,23 - 1,48 lan; nong dp photpho tdng so eao hon 1,01 - 1,15 lan Gia tri ciia nong dp giu'a cac thang cd su bidn ddng, thudng thi thang 2, thang 3, thang ndng eao hon so vdi thang 1, dieu ed the giai thich tinh huih bi^n dgng eiia thi tnrbng, vao thang 2, thang 3, thang 3.3 Danh gia hidu qua h^p phu ch& htiu ca nude thai nha miy bia ciia mim cua 3.3.1 Danh gid hieu qua cua lan thi nghiem sd Tien hanh thi nghiem vdi mau nude thai lay lan 1, H^u lupng cua miin eua thay ddi tir g - g vdi lupng mau phan tich la 100 mL [2], [4] Ket qua nghien ciiu eho thay, chat lupng mau nude Ihi nghiem thay ddi theo lieu lupng eiia mim eua, su thay ddi dupc the hien d bang Bang Gid tri ciia Ceic thong sd thay doi l i ^ liK;ng ch& h^p phu Thdng sd Li^u luong mun cua hoat hoa (g) Don vi QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, colB 5,5-9 7,3 7,26 7,1 6,95 6,98 7,02 NhiM °C 24,3 24,0 23,5 23,7 23,8 24,1 40 TSS mg/L 1020 876 97 115 126 138 100 COD mg/L 850 660 145 155 176 183 150 BOD, mg/L 530 450 150 165 203 210 50 Nito long sd mg/L 49,3 26,5 14,2 14,0 15,8 16,3 40 pH 5,7 2,4 2,8 3,5 mg/L 6,7 3,1 Qua bang ed the thay chat Iuong miu nude eua chat hap phu chi cd tac dung d mdt gidi han nhat phan hch co su thay ddi theo lieu lupng sii dung dinh, VUpt qua gia tn tdi uu dd thi hieu qua hap phu cua chat hap phu Cae thdng sd pH va nhiet dp giam Cd the thay rang, d gia tri g la gia tn tdi iru de khong CO su bien ddng nhi^u giira eae hdu lugng sir xii Iy, nhien b gia hi thi thdng sd BOD5 van dung niiin eua hoat hda Cac thdng sd cdn Iai ddu eao hon gidi han cho phep dien theo xu hudng ti'ong cd xu hudng giam Hieu suat hap phu doi vdi timg phan gay dan n6ng dp tang lidu luong mim cua tir g - g nhidm hong mau nude thi nghiem dupe the hien qua va cd xu hudng tang dan ndng sir dung g - bang g miin cua Di^u cd the giai thieh Unh chat Phot long so KirSwr; M^HIFP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY + - THANG 2/2020 97 KHOA HOC COii Thong so Lieu xua xirly (*) Don vi 5(«) 3(g) 0(g) 4(g) 2(g) 1(g) 8(V!LJ TSS mg/L 88,72 S7.64 90,49 14.11 78.47 COD 80.35 81.76 mg/L 82,94 22.35 l«US_' BODs mg/L 68.87 61.7 18,87 71.7 66J)4j Nito long so mg/L 71,19 67.95 46,25 71,6 Phdt tong sd 58,2 mg/L 14,9 64,18 53,73 Kdt qua tiiuc nghiem cho Ihay lueu qua hip phu Bang cho thay, mac dii hieu suat xii ly nita tdng sd thi nghiem vdi g mun eua cao hon so tdi uu eiia miin cua hoat hda la g/100 mL nuoc thai vdi sir dung g nhung neu xet ve tong the thi d Vi vay hong qua trinh nghien ciiu kha n^g hap phu gia tri g mun cua van la tdi im nhat chat huu CO eua miin eua hoat hda da thuc hien a gia tii g/100 mL 3.3.2 Danh gid hieu qua cua ca lan thi nghiem Bang K^t qua phan tich chat lu^ng nir6c thai sau xu ly bing mim cua ho^t hda QCVN Thdi gian lay mSu 40:2011/BTNMT,c6t Thdng sd Don VI Lan2 Linl Lan3 Lan B 100 TSS rag/L 97 98 95 96 150 147 146 148 COD mg/L 145 50 BOD, mg/L 150 165 160 158 40 Nito tdng sd mg/L 14,2 16,1 15,5 15,8 2,4 1,93 2,4 Phdt tdng sd mg/L 1,8 Ket qua b bang cho thay hieu qua xii ly eac nghiem thii la cao nhait (95,93%), thap nhal la lan phan d nhifim co hong mau nude thi nghiem (90,49%) Hieu suat xir ly COD dat til 82,94« - 87,78% thay doi theo cac Ian thi nghiem vdi k^t qua nhu sau: Hieu suat xu ly BOD, dao dpng d miic 70,74% Ham luong TSS, COD, nito tong so va photpho tdng 81,92% jEiJ sd qua lan thi nghiem ddu giam va dat gidi han eho phep tai QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT (cdt B) Thong sd BODr, mac du cd giam nhidu lan so vdi trudc xii ly nhung van vuot gidi han cho phep tir - 3,3 lan Hieu suat xii Iy timg phan cu the hong mau nude thi nghiem dupc the hien thdng qua bang Bang Hidu suat xii ly c^c phan hong mau nuoc bang mun cira hoat hda Hieu sual xir Iv (%) Thdng sd Lani Lan Lan | Lan TSS 90.49 95.93 93.33 COD 82.94 86.87 87,78 ! 82.98 : 71.7 81.92 77,55 70.74 71.19 72,8 70,36 69.2 64.18 72.02 60,65 72,3 BOD', Nita tdng sd , FhiDl tting s(i 93.69 Ket qua o bang cho thay hieu xuat xu ly TSS cao (90,49% - 95,93%), ffong dd hieu suat lin thi Kha nang xu ly nita tdng sd cua mun cira hoat hda kha cao, hieu suat xir ly dao dpng Hr 69,2 71,19% qua cac thang Kha nang xir ly photpho tdng sd tuong ddi thap so vdi cac thdng sd cdn iai, dat hieu sual tir 60,65% - 72,02% Didu cd the dupc giai thich ban chat can tnic phan tir ciia miin cua hoat hda, cd dudng kinh 16 nho nen chi hap phu duoc cac phan lu nhd Ddi vdi hop chat hiru co cd phan tir lucmg ldn, cac hpp chat chiia P cd kich Ihudc ldn qua trinh hap phu chi xay tren be mat mun cua nen hieu suat xCr ly khdng cao 4.KfriuiN Khi tien hanh vdi 100 mL nude thai nha may bia lupng miin cua su dung dat hieu qua xu ly cao nhat li g/100 mL Hieu xual xir ly TSS cao (90,49)u - 95,93%) Con dat til 82,94% - 87,78%, BOD, dao ddng miic 70 74% - 81,92%, nito dao dong tu 69,2 - 71,19% ,„a'cac thang va hieu suSt xii ly photpho long j j A , 60,65%-72,02% NONG NGHIEP VA PHA' " ' " ' " " " ' J ' = THON - KY + - THANe 2/2020 KHOA HOC CONO NGHE C a n cd cac n g h i d n ciiu tidp t h e o va p h d i h p p vdi T r a n Van N h a n , NgO T h i N g a (2002) C o n g cac bidn p h a p k h a c d e k e t q u a x u ly dat yeu cau d a c n g h e xii ly n u o c thai N h a x u a t ban Klioa h p c va Ky biet dpi vdi t h o n g sd BOD.^ d e t r a n h g a y d n h i ^ m k h i IhuaL ngudn n u d e d u p c thai ngoai m O i t r m m g 1*1 IH) THAM KHAO Le Dttc (2004) P h a n tich m d i t n i d n g NXB Dai h o c Q u d c gia Ha Npi N g u y d n Dire L u p n g , N g u y S n T h i T h i i y D u o n g (2011) C d n g n g h e sinh h p c mdi t r u d n g tap N h a xuat ban Dai h o c Q u d c g i a T P H o Chi M i n h Knshnan R e n n y Lesa Vijaraghavan, Desa Ahmad and (2006) D e p a r t m e n t of Biological & Agricultural, Faculty of E n g i n e e r i n g , a u g u s t , 2006, e 45-19 \ ' Del Nery, R d e N a r d i , M H R Z D a m i a n o v i c E Pozzi, A K B A m o r i m , M Zaiat (2010) Conservation and Recycling V o l u m e I s s u e 1, m a r c h 2010, p a g e s 102-114 50, STUDY O N E F n C f f i N C Y O F HANDLING O F A N U M B E R O F ORGANIC P O L L U T I O N C O M P O U N D S IN W A S T E W A T E R P R O D U C T I O N W A S T E P h a m Thi Trang', Duong Thi Hau' ^Bac Giang Agriculture and Forestry University Summary The results of the sludy were carried out by the author on a wastewater sample of a brewery in Hanoi During (he producUon process, ihe faclory generated a targe amounl of wastewater containing many environmental pollulanls, especially organic compounds, l l i e matenal studied to treat is sawdust activated at 300"C The resulls of the sludy indicated that Ihe opUmum weight value of sawdusl is 2g for lOOmL of wastewater The processing efhciency ol parameters is TSS (90.49% - 95.93%) COD from 82.94% - 87.78% BOD, from 70.74% - 81.92%, and nitrogen from 69.2 - 71.19% total phosphorus reached 60.65% - 72.02% Efficiency of IreaUng brewery wastewater with activated sawdusl achieves good resuUs Mosl of the treated water samples met the standards compared 10 column B of QCXTs 40; 2011 / BTNMT except BOU, Keywords: Organic pollution, activated sawdust, brewing, waste water treatment Ngudi phan bidn: PGS.TS Ld Diic Ngiy nhan bai: 4/10/2019 Ngiy thdng qua phan bidn: 4/11/2019 Ngiy duydt dang: 11/11/2019 ~u]cD \/A PHAT TPIFN N O N G THON - KY + - THANG 2/2020 99 ...KHOA HOC Cd.2.3.2 Vat heu - Miin cua da hoat hda a 300 C - Nude thai nha may bia lay tai be tap trung 2.3.3 Bo tri thi nghiem Thi nghiem bd tri theo phuong phap ngau nhien:... cac cha''t hum co bi hap phu Hieu suat hap phu dupc danh gia thong qua cdng thiic: - 100% '' ^ ^ ^ Trong dd: H: Hieu suat hap phu (%): C,,: Nong dd ban dau (mg/l); C,: N6ng sau hap phu (mg/l) Danh... de dap irng nhu eau ngudi heu thdng sd khac ddu vuot qua gia tn gidi han quy dinh dung nha may bia tang san luong dan ddn lupng h-ong QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT Cu the nhu sau: nude thai tang cao Thong