^ p a d N G DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hpc so 21 (8 2016) TAC D O N G C U A DlT A N K H A M P H A N G H E NGHIEP DOI VOfI SV^ THAY DOI V E KIEN THlTC VA P H A M C H A T CUA SINH VIEN Tom tat »Nguy[.]
Tap chi Khoa hpc so 21 (8-2016) ^ p a d N G DAI HOC DONG THAP T A C D O N G C U A DlT A N K H A M P H A N G H E N G H I E P DOI VOfI SV^ THAY DOI V E K I E N THlTC V A P H A M C H A T C U A SINH V I E N »Nguyin Thj Chi" Tom tat Du dn khdm phd nghe nghiep ddnh cho sinh viin ndm nhdt Trudng Dai hoc Ngoai Ngu - Dai hoc Quoc gia Hd Ndi nham phdt triin phdm chal, kiin thiec Id ndng phii hgp di sinh viin cd dmh hudng dimg dan vi sunghiep cda bdn thdn Bdi viet irinh bdy nghien cieu ddnh gid ldc dgng cita dudn ddi vdi ste thay dot vi lain thiec vd phdm chdt ciia sinh viin sau tham gia Bang phieang phdp nghiin cieu ^en hinh, nghiin cieu cho thay ddi tugng dug'c nghiin cuu diu co hieu biit hon vi nghi nghiep minh lua chgn, tie vgch huang di cu the han di tdi dich; ddng thdi cd thay ddi ro ret ve thdi hgc lap vdi cdc mdn hoc duoc gidng dgy trudng Tie khda: khdm phd nghi nghiip, phdm chdt, kiin thuc Bat van de ban Kim Ddng gidi thifu tong quan ve mpt so nghe Khong cd gi nggc nbien kham phd ngbe ttong xd bpi duoc phat hdnh tu nhieu ndm trd Igi nghifp dac biet quan ttpng doi vdi vigc loai bd su day, gitip hpc sinh, SV cd eai nhin khai quat ve cae nham lan ban dau ve nhimg gi can chuan bi cbo cdng vifc lign quan Mgt cdng cy phd bien khac la nghe nghifp dupc chpn sau tot nghiep Khi da mgng Internet vdi nhieu nguon thdng tin da dgng hieu rd mpi thu tu dau, moi ngudi cd Ifae lgp ke ve cac cdng viec khac nhau, la nai de gidi tte cd the hoach tot ban cbo muc tieu cua ntinb Theo Porfeli tiep cgn nguon tin da cbieu ve bat cu nghe gi ttong va Skonkov, viec mpt ngudi chgn nghe pbu hpp xa hdl Tuy nhien, nhung nguon se khd phat hay khdng phu thudc rat nhieu vao ban chat cua huy het duac tdc dung neu hpc sinh, SV khdng biet chuong trinh dinh hudng va muc dp tham gia cua each khai thac, tim hieu Do do, cac cudc hdi tiiao, ngudi dd [6, tt 47] Schneider va Stevenson eiing hay cac khda hpc lien quan da dupc td chuc nham khdng dinb rang phdt trien su nghiep la cue ki quan gitip gidi tte biet each tim hieu va djnh hudng Hai ttgng eho men vi gidi tte bay gid hinh thuc ndy dang pbo bien d nhieu nudc ttgn the da CO dpng luc vd tham vgng ban cho gjao due va gidi nhu My, Anh, Philippines, Hong Kong, Dai nghe nghifp cua hg, nhung nhieu ngudi ttong so hp Loan va mpt so nudc khac khong cd phuang hudng Do do, nhu cau de dupc Nhieu ngudi cho rdng viec kham pha nghe hudng dan cd muc dich cang tang Mgc du ngbiep thudng duoc thuc hien trudc chpn kham pha nghe nghiep mat tiidi gian, nhieu ngudi nghe hay trudc vao dai hoc, tu dd bgc smh tin rdng nd mang lai tdc ddng tich cue doi vdi vifc cd quyet dinh chpn nghe phti hap Tuy nhien, vdi xdc dinh ke hogch tuong Iai eua sinh vign (SV) thuc te khdng cd nbieu du an giup boc sinh phd Hg thua nhan rdng ttong qud tiinh kham pbd ngbe thdng khdm pha cdc nganh nghe khae nghifp, cd nhan cd xu hudng ttd nen tu y thuc ve tuang lai mdt each pbu hop cung nhu tu quan sat cdi minh tfiieh va khdng thich cung nhu xac djnb cua bdn than, tdc gid nban thay nhieu SV sau ro rang han nhimg gi quan ttpng vdi bdn than [2] da vao trudng dai hoc hay sau da chon nganh Theo dd, khd ndng thich ung vdi the gidi cdng viec hpe van cdn khdng it bdn khoan ve ngbe nghiep ctia ngudi cd the dat dupc vd/hoac cd the tdng tuong lai cua minh, eiing nhu thieu dinh hudng ve Vdi tam quan trgng cua vif c dinh hudng nghe hpc tap va phdt trien ban than de dap ting nbu cau nghifp nhu vay, da ton tgi nhieu hinb tbuc bo ttp cdng vifc ndi neng vd nhu cau xa bdi ndi chung djnh hudng khac Mdt ttong nbimg binh thuc Nhu vay, kham pbd nghe ngbifp duac cho Id mgt bien lau la tiidng qua cdc bai bdo va cac qua trinb lau dai ttong suot qua trinh hpe sinh, S V cuon sach gidi thieu ve nghe, (^nb hudng nghe phat tnen hoan tiiif n ban thdn ke cd ve kien tbuc, Viet Nam, mpt loat cde cu6n sach cua Nha xuat kl nang va pham chat " Tnrcmg Bai hpc Ngoai Ngii, Dai hoc Qu6c gia Ha N^i Trong xu tiie nay, Trudng Dai hoe Ngogi ngu Dgi boc Quoc gia Ha Ndi (DHNN-DHQGHN) da 109 TRU(!JNG DAI HOC DONG T H A P thiet ke mdt dy; an nhdm khuyen khich SV kham phd the gidi nghe nghifp de hieu ban ve nghe minh da chpn va ed nhung chuan bi tot dap ung ygu eau cua cdng viec; Dy dn kham pbd nghe nghiep Trong qua trinh thuc hifn du an, ngoai viec tim hieu cac tai lieu sach, bao hay cdc thong tin tten Intemet ve nghe mirtii da cbpn, SV cdn dupc hudng dan thuc hien phong van hai ngudi Idm ttong nghe (vdi so nam kinh nghifm hogc nhung trai nghifm khac nbau) de cdc em cd su so sanh doi chieu giua cac nguon thdng tin khae nbau, cd cdi nhin thau dao hon ve ngbe, tu dd cd dinh hudng vd lua cbgn phu hpp cho ban than Ben cgnh do, moi trudng lam viec theo nhdm tgo co hgi cbo SV tim hieu tbem ve ban than ntinb, ciing nhu ren luyfn nhirng thai dp pbu hgp vdi vifc cdng tdc nhdm, vdi cdng vigc dang Iam, ciing nhu doi vdi vigc chuan bj ctia ca nhan cho nghe nghiep tuong lai Vdi tu each Id ngudi tham gja thiet ke chuong trinh dong thdi la ngudi hudng dan SV ttong qua trinh thuc hien dy an, tac gia tbuc hien nghign cuu de kiem (finh nhung tdc ddng cua du an khdm pha nghe ngbifp doi vdi ngudi tham gia Npi dung nghien cuu 2.1 Luoc su-van de Van de dinh hudng nghe nghifp cd hai xu budng nghign cuu cbinh; (1) Nghign cuu moi quan he giua cac bien lien quan den chuong trinb djnh budng, (2) Danh gia tdc dgng cua chuong trirtii Mdt ttong nhung vi dy noi bat cua xu budng thu nhat la nghien cihi cua Reed, Brucb va Haase ve moi lign bg giua ndm net tinh each; su lo lang (neuroticism), tinh budng ngoai (exttaversion), sy cdi md doi vdi kinh nghifm thyc te (openness to expression), khd ndng bda hpp (agreeableness), sy tan tam (conscientiousness), vdi qua trinh tu kham phd nghe nghigp, tim kiem thdng tin nghe nghiep, cdng thdng ttong qua trinh kham pha va bieu suat kham phd Ket qua ngbien cuu cbo tbay su tan tdm/ tinb hudng ngogi/su it lo lang thuc day hieu suat kham pha/qua trinh tim kiem tbdng tin; su cdi md doi vdi kinh nghigm tiiyc te lien quan den vifc it tim kiem tbdng tin ve nghe; su lo Idng/su cdi md cd moi quan hf vdi qud trinh ty kham pbd Tu ket qua nay, cac chuyen gia tu van dupc khuyen nen gdn tinh each cua hpe vien vao qua trinh tim hieu, djnb hudng nghe cua ho [6] Nauta ciing thuc hign 110 Tgp chi Khoa hpc sd 21 (8-20f6) nghien cuu ve moi quan he giira cac bien nhung Igi cho ket qud khac so vdi nghign cuu cua Reed, Bruch va Haase: tinh cdi md tiiuc day vifc tii kham phd ttong kbi tinb budng ngoai lai khdng thuc day qua trirtii Nghien cuu cua Nauta cdn chi mdi quan hf giua dam me nghe nghiep (career interests) vdi vifc khdm pha, cy the; dam me cd tinh hien thyc (realistic), nghf thudt (artistic) vatn^en tiiong (conventional) thuc day qua trinh ty khdm pha, dd dam me mang tinh kham pha (investigating) va cd tinh tao bgo (enterpristiig) lgi khdng thuc day vifc tu khdm pha nghe nghifp [3] Khda hpc phdt ttien nghe nghigp dupc long ghep vao chuong ttinh ctia cac trudng dgi hpc, eao ddng d My tu nam I9II nhdm gitip S V l ^ k e hoach cbo bpc tdp va sy ngbiep Nhieu nam sau dd, cac khda hpc phat tnen nghe nghifp khac tiep tuc duac titiet ke va su dung Ndi dung cae khda hpc nhu the trudc nhimg ndm 1970 khdng dupc nhac tdi ttong cae ban lupc su, nhung ndi dung ctia cdc khoahgc sau thi tap trung vao ba npi dung chinh: eac yeu ^ anh hudng den viec chpn nghe, tiidng tin ve nghe, vacdc kT ndng tim viec [1] Xu the dan dan lan rdng nudc Anh, cdc nudc Chdu Au vd Chdu A Mgt pban ldn cac nghien cuu danh gia khdng dinh tac ddng tich cue cua cdc khda bpc phdt trien nghe nghifp doi vdi eac mat khac ctia ngudi tham gia, dac biet la cac tbay doi ticb cyc ve pham chat va tbdi dp [4] Tuy nhien, diem dang luu y la cac nghien cuu deu khdng md td rd rang npi dung khoa bpc ciing nhu trinh dd eua SV tham gia khoa hpc Dieu se bgn cbe vigc dp dimg khda hoc cho cdc trudng, dia phuong khac ciing nhu khien ngudi dpc khd hirtii dung duoc nbimg tac dgng cu the cua khda hpc dupc cho Id cdng Khdc vdi cac khda hpc bien d My va nhieu nudc Chau Au, Chdu A, du dn kham pha nghe nghigp cua Trudng DHNN-DHQGHN khong ehu ttpng vao cdc yeu to dnh hudng chgn nghe va kl nang tim viec Du an cbu yeu giup ngudi tham gia tim bieu tbdng tin ve nghe (thdng qua sdch, bao, Intemet, va tbdng qua phdng van hai ngudi ldm ttong nghe) va hieu hon ve nhihig diem manh, diem yeu cua bdn than de can nhdc djnh hudng ngbe Vdl nbiing ddc diem rieng biet nhu tten, tac gia tin rdng nhCmg ket qud dau mong dpi cua du an ciing khdng boan toan giong so vdi cac khoa Tap chl Khoa hoc so 21 (8-2016) MTRUdNG DAI HQC DONG THAP hoc phat trien nghe nghifp dupc neu ttong cac bdn lupc su Do vgy, viec thyc hien nghien cuu danh gia su tac dpng ctia du an Id dieu can thiet, tu dd CO the dua quyet dinh su dyng va/hogc rtiiijng dieu cbinh phu hpp de nang cao tinh hieu qua cua dy an doi vdi ngudi tham gia Trong nghien cuu nay, tdc gia danh gid dy an dua vdo ket qua dau ve pham chat va kien thuc dugc md ta ttong hudng dan thyc bien du an Nghien cuu nham tta ldi cac cau hdi sau; Sau thyc hien du an khdm pha ngbe nghiep, SV phat trien pham chat gj? Hinh thditii pbam chat gi mdi? Bo sung gi vao kien thuc da co? Hpc dupc kien thtic gi boan toan mdi? 2.2 Phuong phap nghien cuii Nghien cuu dupc tien hanh theo phuang phap nghien ciru dien binh nhdm tim hieu nbimg thay doi cy the ve pham chat va kien thuc ctia timg S V, dong thdi cd tfie dua cac ban luan lien quan den cac yeu to khac cd the dnh budng den sy thay doi cua tiing S V Cd y kien cho rdng can nhin tong tiie nhiing gi so ddng ngudi tham gia dgt dupc thi mdi cd the dua ket luan ve tinh hieu qua eua chuong trinh Tuy nhien, myc tieu ctia du an ndy la phat trien SV theo hudng ca nhan hda, ma mdi ca nhdn lgi cd nbiing ddc (Sem khdc nhau, do, neu mdt ca nhan cd nhiing thay doi tich cue thdng qua vigc tham gja dy an tbi dd van the hien tac dgng tich cyc cila du an Hon nua, phuang phap nghien euu dien hinh mang lgi cai nhin sau hon ve doi tirpng tiiam gia, bieu hon ve cac tdc ddng khien SV cd hoac khdng cd nhirng thay doi nhat dinh sau tfiam gia dy an Tbeo dd, phuong p h ^ nghien cuu dien hinh van dupc xem la phu hop de ddnh gia dy dn khdm pha nghe nghigp nay, Dua ttgn thai dp cua SV trudc tbuc hifn dy dn, ba dien hinh dupc lua chpn tham gia vao nghien cuu Ba SV duac lya chpn deu la SV ndm nhat cua Trudng DHNN-DHQGHN Trong dd, mpt SV tfie hign su bi dgng ddi vdi dy an sdp thuc hien; SV thyc hien dy dn vi day la mdt nhifm vu can thyc hien va tiieo ttdo luu chung cua cdc thdrtii vien khac ttong nhdm thyc bien Hai SV cdn lai the hifn sy chti ddng; mdt SV muon thyc hien dy an de kham phd dudng su ngbifp ctia ban than, a mpt SV muon tbuc hifn du an de thuc day bdn ' tiian vuon len ttong qud trinh ren luyen ky ndng tbay doi kien thuc vd tu Bang Thong tin ve ba SV dicn hinh dupc nghign cuu Ten SV A nam Kmh te quoc te Xuat nhgp khau L nam Kmh te quoc te Ke toin, kiem toan, nhan v i ^ ngSn hang H nam Kinh t^ quoc te Khong chon nghe cu the - chpn theo nhom k^ t o ^ ngan hang Nganh hoc Nghe lua chon Chu thich: A, L,Hia ten viet ldl cua baSVdupc nghiSn ciru Ba SV tbam gia ngbien cuu lan lupt tra ldi bdng edu bdi khdo sat (pham chat va kien thuc), lam bai kiem tra (ve kien thtic) va tham gia phdng van (ve pham chat) Bdng cau hdi duoc thiet ke cho nghien cuu gom nhieu cdu hoi md, de SV tbam gia cd the the hign nbieu nhat nhiing suy nghT, hieu biet ctia ban than Ben cgnh eac cdu hdl md, bdng cau hdi cung gom nhieu loai eau bdi khdc (nbieu cdu cd tinb kiem tta cheo) de xac dinh tinh trung thuc cua ngudi tham gia qua trinh ttd ldi cau hdi, cung de ttanh tinh ttang ngudi tbam gia kbdng biet phdi the hien gi ve ban than Phdng van dupe thuc hien sau bdng cau hdi dupc thu ve, nhdm lam rd mdt so y cbua ro ttong phan ttdldi cuangudi tham gia Bai kiem tta dupe thigt ke dya tten nghe SV tbam gia nghien cuu da chpn, nhdm kiem tra nbimg kien thuc khai quat ve nghe cdc em da chpn Mac du cac cau hdi de SV ty ddnh gid ve kien thuc nghe nghiep cua minh ciing dupe ticb bpp bdng cau hdi khao sdt, nhung tac gia van thay can tbiet phdi cd bai kiem tta rieng ve mdng nay, nhdm kiem tta cheo cac tbdng tin ma ngudi tbam gia cung cap, dam bao dp tin cay cua thdng tin cfing nhu eua nghign cuu Cac cdng cy dupc su dung trudc va sau SV thyc hifn dy an de nbdn dupc cac tac ddng ctia dy an Ien trmg SV 2.3 Ket qua nghien cuu 31 Kit qud nghiin cuu trin limg SV a Diin binh I: A A kha tu tin ve tirtii cdi md va nang ddng etia ban than cdc hogt dpng xa hdi khac nhau; em tham gia dy dn vdi mong muon kham pha cac nganh nghe ttong the gidi thyc de cd the dua dinb hudng phti bpp cbo bdn than Em cho biet, mac du chgn nganh tieng Anh Kmh te quoe te nhung em chua hinh dung duoc tbuc sy sau tot nghiep 111 TRUCFNG DAI HOC DONG THAP trudng dudng su nghiep cua minh se nhu the nao va minb cd the xin vigc vao nhiing vi tri nhu the ndo; vdi em dy dn Id co bpi tot de em khdm pha va hieu ban ve xa hpi ciing nhu ngdnh nghe cua ntinb, Em ciing chia se them, day cd the la mgt CO hgi de hieu ban ve ban than minh, vi pbdi Idm vigc ehung nhdm b ^ ma em chua Iam viec cung bao gid Trong cac mon hpe khac, cdc em thudng dupe ehpn nhdm vahay ehpn nhihig bgn cung chai, cimg sd thich cho de Idm vifc, cdn tham gia dy dn em pbdi ldm viec vdi nhdm ban theo sy sdp xep cua giao vien hudng ddn Ngbe nghiep nhdm em chpn thue hign ttong dy an la nghi xudt nhgp khdu, ly ban dau Id cac em deu an tupng ve muc luong ma mpt nhan vien xuat n h ^ khau co tbe kiem dupc (tien Iuong dupc tinh bdng dong Do la My) Mac du A da hinh cdc pham chat myc tieu cua du an tiidng qua cdc hogt dpng hpc tap va ngoai khda em tham gia trudc tbuc bign du an nay, em thua nban dy dn da gdp phan giup em phat trien cac pham chat dd d muc dd cao bon, y thuc dupc ban than ntinb mdt each ro rang ban Cu the, chi sau thyc bien dy an em mdi khang dinb dupe y thue can than vdi y kien/su viee xung quanh, y thue ddng gop cho su thdnh cong cua nhdm hay tinh nang dgng cdc boat ddng la diem manh cua ban than Ddng thdi, em cang them tbam thia gia tri ctia cac pham chat dd doi vdi ngbe nghiep rrtinh lya cbgn Mpt diem dang chu y la A da cd y thuc cao ve tam quan ttpng cua bop tae nhdm, du an da giup em bieu bon sy can thiet va gia tn cua thai dg bpp tae ttong dieu kifn khoi Iuong cdng vifc can hoan tiianh Idn ttong tbdi gian cd han Em thuc su cam on dy dn da gitip em y thuc duoc thue te ndy md cae boat ddng nhdm em da timg tham gia trudc day khdng cd dupc Ndi den cdc kien thuc ve ngbe da chpn, A rat chu ttong den nhung yeu cau ve tinb each, pham chat ctia ngbe dd Sau qua trinh lam vifc nhdm va tim hieu ve nghe, em ket luan bdn than khong pbu bpp vdi nghe xuat nhgp khau va se tiep tuc cupc hanh trinh khdm pha eac nghe khac lien quan den nganh hpc dd chon Dy an da giup em cd dinh budng ttong hanh trinb kham pha nghe ngbiep cua ntinb, tu dd gjup em cd eai nhin toan difn ban ve cae mdn hpc dupc giang day ttong trudng hen quan den nganh em dang hgc 112 Tgp chf Khoahpcsd21J8-2016) b Diin hinh 2: L ^ L cung la SV tieng Anh Kinh te quoc te, em cbpn nganb vi day la mdt ngdnh dang duoc danh gia Id cd co hdi xin viec cao xa hpi hifn Em cd xu budng chpn nghe ke toan, kiem todn hogc nghe bg tbong ngan bang, nhung L khong biet rd ve cac nghe dd, cung nhu khdng biet r6 lifu ngdnh em chpn cdn phti hop vdi nghe nao nua thuc te Theo tu cua em, nganh nghe nao ciing ddi bdi sy no lire ldn, muc lucmg cao hay phu thupc rat nhieu vdo trinh dp ciing nhu chuc vu hay noi chon lam viec Day cd the xem Id mpt tu tuong doi mgch lgc va cd tinh dinh hudng, nhung cdi L cdn thieu Id eon dudng eu the de den dich, em ebua biet bdt dau tu dau cung nhu ehua bieu ntinb se van dyng nhirng gi dang dupc hpc d trudng dai hpc vao dudng ay nbu the nao Den vdi du an, em hi vpng se tim dupc dudng di dung cho minh Them nua, em tu nhan thay ntinh cdn chua thuc su nang ddng ttong cdc hogt ddng, dd, em ciing hi vgng qua qua trinh thuc hifn dy an em se kham pha nhung diem an eua ban than minb de tu tin va nang ddng ban nhieu tinh hudng khac L da quen vdi eac hogt ddng nhdm ttong cac mdn hgc d trudng, ngn tham gia du an kham pbd ngbe ngbiep lam viec nhdm kbdng cd gi xa Ig vdi em Em khd ty tin Id ntinb ludn ndng dgng, CO y thuc hop tae nhdm gdp phan mang lgi cdng cho nbom Nhung sy thay ddi noi bat ttong pham chat va nhan thuc ma em thua nhgn nhd dy an Id hop tac nhdm khong cbi Id sy cdng ggp eae san pham ctia cac vien ttong nbom, no Id qua trinb tu duy, ttao doi giua cac vien suot qua trinh thyc hifn nhiem vu; tu do, dua cdc phuang an tot nhat ciing nhu ttp gitip kip thdi vd pbu bpp nhat de cd ket qua mong dpi Vdi su thay doi nhan thuc nhu tten, pham chat biet ttg giup va tim kiem su ttp giup cua em da thuc su phat ttien nbd tbam gia dy an Xet ve kien tbuc nghe nghiep, L c6 gat hai dang ke nbd dy an Trong lan pbdng van sau ket thuc dy an, em chia se rat tu tin ve nhung kien thuc mdi, Nbiing kien tbuc dd phan Idn la tu thdng tin phdng van hai nban vign cd kinh nghigm ngan hdng Tu dd, em da hieu ban cae vi tri khdc hf tbong ngan hdng, TRUCJNG DAI H O C D O N G THAP Tap chl Khoa hoc so 21 (8-2016) hieu dupc nhan vien ngan hang can nd lue nhu 2.3.2 Bdn ludn ve su thay ddi cua ba SVvd the ndo tung vi tti cua minh Em cho rdng, cdc vdn di lien quan kien thuc tren sdch bdo khd chung chung va ddi Ba SV dupc nghien cuu ed nhirng dgc diem khien em khd binb dung hoac hieu nham van va suy nghT khac tham gia dy an kham de, nhung dupc nhung ngudi ttong nganh chia pha nghe nghifp, itiiiing sy tiiay doi cua cac em se tbi em thay thdng tin sang rd hon rat nhieu, sau tham gia cung khdng hoan toan giong giup em ed them dinh hudng cho tuong lai Day nhau, Nhung mpt dieu khdng the phti nh|n Id dy co the xem Id mdt tae ddng khdng nhd cua qua an da cd tde dpng tich eye doi vdi pham chat va trinb phdng van, tim hieu ngudi thyc viec thyc kien tbuc cua cac em Nhu md td chi tiet d fren, theo yeu cau cua du an doi vdi su thay doi kien mdi SV deu cd nhung tiiay doi noi bat; dudi day thtic etia ngudi tham gia tac gia tong hpp, so sdrtii va ban luan ve sy thay doi cua ba SV, dong tbdi ban luan cac van de lien c Diin hinh 3: H Khae vdi hai SV tten, H hodn toan bi dgng quan den sy tbay doi dd tham gia du an Mac du, em ty cbo minh la A vd L td kha hai Idng vdi ket qud minh thu ngudl nang no ttong cac hoat dgng ma em da tung dupc tu vigc tbam gia du an vi nhirng gi cac em tham gia, nhung em khdng cd dinh budng rd rang hi vgng tbu dupc deu cd ket qua ttong mpt chimg tbam gia du dn Em tham gia dan gidn vi day la myc nao dd H khdng chi the hien sy hai long ma mpt chuang trinh da dugc thiet ke ddnh cho cac em cdn nggc nbien ve ket qua minh thu dupc; ban dau va em nghT rdng dy dn ciing cd nhiing mat tich cyc em khdng hinh dung duoc tham gia du dn se cd ma CO the giup em hpc hdi thgm duoe dieu gi dd nhiing ket qua gi nhung sau dd thi tbay du an da Phan tich bdng cau hdi va ndi dung pbdng gitip ban than hinh thdrtii dupc nhieu pbam chat de van cho thay, H khdng nhat quan ttong cac eau dinh hudng hpc tap vd ke hogch nghe ngbiep tuong tra ldi cua minh Em Iudn td la da hinh thdnb Iai Ket qua eu the dupc tdm tdt ttong bdng cac pham chat myc tieu trudc kbi tbuc bien dy an, Bang T6m tat sir thay doi ve pham chat nhung nhirng md ta ve hanh ddng cua em lai cho va kien thuc sau tham gia dir dn thay dieu ngugc lgi Vi du, em cbia sg ban than TT Muc I A ] L 1H luon y thuc ve viec cac vien ttong nbom can Pham chat chia se cdng viec vdi nbau, ttp giup thi mdi Y thuc ve tam quan ciia viec ^ ^ ^ H ^ 1 HT cd ket qua nhung thuat cae boat dpng em da hop lac nhom ^ ^ ^ | lam ttong nhdm thyc hien dy an tfii em lai la ngudi Y thiic ve tinh can than \6i nhung 12 PT P T ^ H y kien/van de xung quanh nang dpng nhat (theo em ke) vd Iam bau bet cac Tinh nang dong ddng gop vao vigc ttong nhdm cd nhiing tbanh vign PT coi^ ciia nhom hoan toan khdng hpp tac Thuc te ndy da khien san Tinh nang dpng tim hem su guip ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H pham cua nhdm em khdng dupc danh gia tot ttong 14 cua raoi nguoi ximg quanh ^^^^^^H giai dogn dau tien Chinh rtiid sy that bai md Y thiic ve tinh each ca nhan, cac em da cd nhiing tbay ddi ttong each hpp tdc, tu dd 15 dilm manh diem yeu ciia han than PT PT HT y thuc rd ban the nao mdi thyc su la hpp tae Ndi hen quan den c6ng vi&: each khdc, y thuc ve hpp tdc nhdm cua em thyc Kien thiFc hifn dy an mdi thuc su dupe hinh vd Hieu ve gid tii, diem manh, iliem PT 21 chuyen hda thaitii bdrtii vi phu hop Ciing cbinh vi yeu va nhu cau ciia bdn than su khdng nhat quan ttong cdch ttd ldi cua em, khd Hieu cac d$c diem chinh, quan HT HT CO the xac d^nh em da bo sung hay hpc duoc kien 22 ciia nganh nghe da chon thtic gi mdi ve nghe ngbiep da chpn Thyc te Chu thich: PT phdt tnen, HT: m&i hinh thdnh CO the la ket qud cua mdt qua trinh kham pha ehua Phan Idn cdc SV da hinh nhung pbam tfiau dao va/hoac cua viec thieu su dan ddt cua gido chat dau trudc kbi tbam gia du an va chi phat trien vien hudng dan (diem se dupc bdn luan them them d mdt khia cgnh nao dd, nhung nhu the cung dphan tiep tfieo) cho tfiay dy an dd cd nhung tac dpng tich cyc gitip • • 113 TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP cac em vung vang ban kbi tham gia hpc tap cfing rtiiu cac hogt ddng khac tai trudng Mdt vi dy dien hinh Id viec lam nhdm vdy thuc bpp tdc nhdm Tai Trudng DHNN-DHQGHN, ldm vigc nhdm la mgt nhiem vy dupc thyc bign tat cd cac mdn hpc, cdc khda hoe, nhung phan ldn lam viec nhdm chi dung lgi d vigc mpt rtiidm SV cimg tgo mot sdn pbam ttong mdt thdi gian ngdn, cdn pbdi hpp tac nhu the ndo de tgo mpt san pham tot thi bau nbu cbua dupe ban tdi Dy dn keo dai hon mpt tfiang, vdl thdi gian ldm vifc nhdm dai nhu vay se khien cho cdc thanb vign ttong nhdm bieu ban, hieu phong each lam vifc eua de cd the cd nbiing dieu cbinb phu hpp Them vao do, ttong qua trinh thuc hign du an, cac nhom cd nhieu co hdi (tbdng qua ban tong bpp tbdng tin ve ngdnh nghe da chpn, bdn tong hpp thdng tin phdng van va bai tfiuyet trinh tong bpp cdc du lifu thu thgp dupc cung cac phan tieh va bai hoc nhom rtit tu du lieu dd) de the hifn sy hgp tac cua ntinh trudc cac ban ttong ldp va gido vien budng dan Mdi lan nbu the, cdc nhdm Iai cd ca hdi nhin lgi nhung gi minh da lam, cac cd nhan dd dong gdp nhu the nao cho san pham cbung cua ca nhdm Cac yeu to tten gdp phan giup cac vign nhdm hinh thanb hogc phdt trien pham chat, ciing nbu bieu duoc mdt each thau ddo tam quan ttong cua viee hap tac nhdm de cho san pham mong dpi Ben c ^ do, vifc tbuc bien cae yeu cau cua du dn nhu (ed nhimg yeu cau dudng nbu rat khd khan vdi SV ndm nhat); pbdng van hai ngudi lam ttong nghe md cac em da chgn (cac em phai tu lien be, hen ngdy gid de phdng van, va phan tich tiiong tin phong van dugc) khien eho eae em ttd nen kien tri hon doi mat vdi nhirng nhiem vu dupc giao Sy thay doi khdng dupc neu ttong ket qua dau cua dy an, nhung nd da gdp phan cho thay tac ddng tich cyc cua du an doi vdi ngudi tham gia Mpt diem dang chu y nua la vai ttd cua giang vien hudng dan ttong qud trinh thuc hifn du an Cbi mot ttong ba SV chia se rdng, su phan hoi cua giang vien da giup em rat nhieu ttong qua trinh tim kiem va lya chon tai hfu tu sach, bao va Intemet Mac du thdng tin md va da dgng nhung lya chpn dupc thdng tin phu bpp vdi boi cdnh edng viec lien quan den nganh ngbe, noi lam vifc nhdm em da chpn tbi khdng the lam so sai duoc va can cd tu 114 Tap chf Khoa hoc s6 g l J g j O i e ) phdn bifn doi vdi tung nguon tin Chinh giang vien hudng dan da gitip nhdm em ndi chung va em ndi rieng khdng bi lung tung ttong giai doan nay, dong tiidi pbat tiien pham chat dung ddn vdi viec sti dyng nguon tiidng tin Hai SV lgi khdng chia se gi dac biet ve nhirng phdn hoi ctia giang vien hudng dan Dieu khdng khang dirtii dupc viec gidng vien budng dan kbdng cd phdn hoi vdi sdn pbam ctia ngudi tham gia frong tung budc thyc hien, nhung lai ddt cau b6i Lieu nhiing phdn hoi da thyc sy phti bpp, day du va sdu kT de cd nhung tac dpng tich cyc doi vdi ngudi tbam gia? Ve mgt kien thuc, cd tfie tbay ro rdng cac em deu binh nhung kien thuc mdi lien quan den nganh nghe cac em dd chpn de tim hieu T i ^ nbien, mdt so kien tbuc mdi duac binb chua hodn toan dung Gidi thich cho hien tuang cd the tti qua trinh tong hap vd phdn ticb tbdng tin cua cac em, nguon tin sach, bao, Intemet la nguon tin da chieu, ed nhiing thdng tin khdng hoan toan chinh xdc, khien cac em liing tung frong viec cbpn tbong tin xdc thyc Mac du cac em cd co bpi ndi chuyfn true tiep vdi hai ngudi lam ttong nghe de tim bieu tiiem, nhung cd the kT ndng khai thdc thdng tin ctia cac em cdn han che nen se dnh hudng it nhieu den cbat Iupng tbdng tin Giang vien budng dan ciing theo sat cac em ttong qua trinh tim hieu tbdng tin (giang vien duyet tin va hudng dan cae em khai thac thdng tin mdi lan sau eac em tim xong tu Iifu, sau pbdng van ngudi so va sau phdng van ngudl thu 2); cd the cd rtfiung diem yeu da dupc chl ra, nhung SV khdng cd co hgi pbdng van lgi nhung ngudi da phdng van de xac nhan lai thdng tin Co the cd giang vien budng dan ciing khdng de y den mdt so diem ttong nguon thdng tin cdc em da thu ve; dieu khd ttdnh khdi gidng vien hudng dan cho dy an phan Idn la gidng vien ttg, kbdng co hieu biet sdu ve nghe ma eac em da chgn, Mac dii vdy, cac em ciing da cd diem kbdi dau de tiep tuc cdng cugc kham phd cua ntinb Cac em cung hieu rdng viec hoan tbanh du an mdi chi la budc khdi dau cd chang dudng tim bieu, dinh hudng va ehuan bi ngbe ngbiep tuong lai, dong tiidi ehia se rdng cdc em se cdn tiep tyc tim bieu de cd cai nhin tfiau dao hon, dung ddn han vg nghe Ddc biet, tat cd cdc em deu chia sg rdng nbd hieu them ve cdc ngdnh nghe dd thyc te nen cac em ed dinh TRUdNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chf Khoa hoc sd 21 (8-2016) I hudng rd rang ban cho viec hpc tgp ctia ntinh cung dupc luuy rd rang tu dau ve vai ttd, trdch nhifm nhu hieu dupc tai mdt so mdn hoe Igi dupc chpn eua ban tfian ttong qud trinh tac dpng den sy tfiay vao chuang trinb hpc cua cac em, dong tiidi gitip doi cua ngudi tham gia thdng qua vifc thyc hien dy cac em nang cao tinh kien tri ttong qua trinh hpc an Ngoai ra, gidng vien hudng dan ciing can dupc tgp, dgc bift phdi gidi quyet cac bdi tgp khd va ttdi qua qua trinh chpn lya de dam bao gidng vien cd can nhieu thdi gian dl hoan thdnh Day la mpt ket nhiing bieu biet nhat dinh ve eae nganh nghe ttong xa hpi, hogc cd nbiing moi quan hf lien quan den qua ddng chu y ma dy dn da dem lai nhieu nganh nghe khac de cd the kiem dinh Ket lu^n Nghien cuu da gdp phan khdng djnb dupc nguon thdng tin, nhu vay it nhieu giup SV khdng nhung tdc ddng tich cue cua dy an doi vdi sy thay bieu sai ve nghe sau qua trinh tim hieu doi ve pham cbat vd kien tbuc cua ngudi tham Tuy nhien, nghien cuu cfing cd bgn che nhat gia Ben canh dd, hai tac ddng noi bgt khdc ctia dy dinh chgn phuang phap so sanh du lieu ngudi an (I) Giup ngudi tham gia nhan moi lien hf tbam gja cung c ^ trudc vd sau tham gia du an giua viec hpc cac mdn hpc ttong trudng vdi vifc md khong co sy kiem sodt chgt cbe ttong suot qua phat trien su nghiep ttong tuong lai; (2) Tdng tinh trinh du an dien nhdm loai bd nhiing yeu to ngoai kien trt cua ngirdi tham gja phai gidi quyet cdc le cd the ciing tdc dgng den su thay doi cua ngudi nhifm vu khd tham gia Nghien cuu cd the dupc tiiyc hifn lgi vdi Vai ttd cua gidng vien hudng dan ttong tung cdc budng tiep can khac nhau, nhdm dam bdo tin budc thuc hifn ctia dy an la mpt van de phat sinh, cay cua ket qud Hai khia canh khac nua ma nghien dangchuyttongquatrinhphantichduhfu Ttidu cuu cbua gidi qi^et triet de, dd la; (l)M6i quanhf lieu da cd va nhiing phdn ticb lien quan, cd the thay giua ly tham gia dy an vdi sy thay doi cua ngudi mac du ttong suot qua trinh ngudi tiiam gja can tich tham gja; (2) Moi quan he giua muc dp pbdn hoi cue va ty van dpng rat nhieu, nhung su hudng dan ctia giang vign hudng dan va muc tbay doi ctia ciiagiangvienhudngdinvanratcanthiet Nhuvgy, SV Cdc khia eanh ndy deu la nhiing cbu de dang cac gjang vien tham gia hirdng dan dy an can nghien cuu ttong thdi gian tdi./ Tdi lifu tham khao [1] Byron Folsom & Robert Reardon (2003), "College career courses: Design and accountability", Joumal of Career Assessment, (Vol.11), p 421-450, [2] Katherine L Hughes & Melinda Mechur Karp (2004), School-based career development a synthesis gf Ihe literature National Training Support Center [3] Margaret M Nauta (2007), "Career interests, self-efficacy, and personality as antecedents of career QxploYdiaori", Joumal of Career Assessment, (Vol 15), p, 162-180 [4] Hulling Peng & Edwin L, Herr (1999), "The impact of career education course on career belief and career decision making among business college students m Taiwan", Joumal of Career Development (Vol 25), p 275-291 [5] Erik J, Porfeli & Vladimti B Skorikov (2009), "Specific and diversive career exploration during late adolssceace", Joumal of Career Assessment 2010, (Vol 18), p 46-58, [6] Mary Betii Reed, Monroe A Bmch, Richard F Haase (2004), "Five-factor model of personality and cm:eeTexploTation'%Joumalof Career Assessment, (Vol 12), p 223-238 THE IMPACTS OF CAREER EXPLORATION PROJECT THROUGH STUDENTS' CHANGE IN KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES Summary The career exploration project designed forfirst-yearstudents in University of Languages and Intemational Studies - Vietnam National Umversity aims to develop appropnate attitudes, knowledge, and skills towards future careers The study evaluates the impacts of the project through students' change m knowledge and attitudes By means of a multicase study, it reveals that the participants enriched their career-related knowledge, whereby deciding on their career planning; furthermore, they had apositive change in then attitute towards leaming specific subjects in theu curriculum Key words: career exploration, attitudes, knowledge Ngay nhdn bdi: 27/4/2015; Ngdy nh^ lgi: 26/1/2016; Ngdy duyet ddng 15/3/2016 115 ... binh nhdm tim hieu nbimg thay doi cy the ve pham chat va kien thuc ctia timg S V, dong thdi cd tfie dua cac ban luan lien quan den cac yeu to khac cd the dnh budng den sy thay doi cua tiing S V... yeu cau cua du an doi vdi su thay doi kien mdi SV deu cd nhung tiiay doi noi bat; dudi day thtic etia ngudi tham gia tac gia tong hpp, so sdrtii va ban luan ve sy thay doi cua ba SV, dong tbdi... trudc kbi tbuc bien dy an, Bang T6m tat sir thay doi ve pham chat nhung nhirng md ta ve hanh ddng cua em lai cho va kien thuc sau tham gia dir dn thay dieu ngugc lgi Vi du, em cbia sg ban than