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Tap chf Khoa hoc DHQGHX, Nghien ciiu Giao due, T?p 29, So 1 (2013) 67 82 D8 xuit danh gia, thi tdt nghiep trung hoc ph6 thong, tuyln sinh dai hoc a Viet Nam qua kinh nghiem cua Queensland va Phan Lan[.]
Tap chf Khoa hoc DHQGHX, Nghien ciiu Giao due, T?p 29, So (2013) 67-82 D8 xuit danh gia, thi tdt nghiep trung hoc ph6 thong, tuyln sinh dai hoc a Viet Nam qua kinh nghiem cua Queensland va Phan Lan Nguyen Thi Lan Phuong Trung tdm Nghien ciru ddnh gid kit qud gido due, Vien Khoa hpc Gido due Viet Nam, 101, Trdn Hung Dao, HdNoi, Viet Nam NTian 22 thang nim 2013 Chinh sira ngky 22 thang nSm 2013; chip nhan dSngng^y 22 thang 10 nam 2013 Tom tit: He thong danh gia, thi Queensland (tJc) va Phin Lan co d5c diem: chu trpng den danh gia Iren lop v^ danh gid nh& tiudng; dam bao danh gid gSn kgt voi giang day va hpc tap; thilt lap quy trinh danh gia nghiem ng3t, chdt che nhung hnh hoat dg tao ca hdi cho hoc sinh chiing td viec dat yeu ciu chuong uinh mot each tdt nhat, td chitc thi tdt nghiep THPT dS chiing minh ring mpi hoc sinh deu dap ling cac tieu chuan nhu nhau; sir dung ket qua thi tdt nghiep nhu la mdt tieu chi quan trpng dS tuyln sinh dai hpc Dua vao dinh huong ddi mdi co cau h§ thdng gido due qudc d3n vh ddi mdi chucmg uinh giao due phd thong nude ta, bao cao da de xuat: each thiic danh gia tren 16p va danh gia nha trudng dua theo chuin dau ciia chuong trinh de dam bao danh gia dugc su tien bo cua hpc sinh; td chiic ki thi va cong nhan ket qua tdt nghiep THPT tr6n co so kit hop ca kit qua hpc tdp irong qua trinh va kit qua thi; cSn cii vao loai bdng tdt nghiep THPT {Dat, Khd, Gidi, Xuit sdc) va nhieu tieu ciu khac de moi tnidng dai hpc tuyen sinh phd hop vdi hudng phan tSng ciia minh (nghien ciiu, chuc hanh hay ling dung) Tir khda: Thi tdt nghiep THPt; myen sinh dai hpc; ddnh gid tren Idp, danh gia nha uudng He thong danh gia hoc sinh ciia bang Queensland (TJc) va Phan Lan dugc tong quan qua bao cao ket qua Du an Hi thdng ddnh gid ciia Queensland vd Phdn Lan ciia Anne Galloway (2008), Website cimg mpt s6 in pham ciia Hiep hpi giang day Queesnland (Queensland Studies Authority - QSA), Hpi d6ng Qudc gia Giao due Phin Lan (Finnish National Board of Education - NBE), Uy ban Tuyln sinh dai hpc Phin Lan (Finnish Matriculation Examination Board - MEB) va ^ ^ * ^ " g S^^o ^W^ P^^ fhong ciia t i c c6 12 " ^ ' ^"^^ ^^^ ^ ^ " ^ cip tilu bpc, trung hpc co ^^ ^^ ^ " S hoc ph6 thong theo co ciu 6: 4: C h i n h p h u bat b u p c m p i nien deu r——-—;^^„„, phai hoan lap 10 hoac hpc a trucmg thong cho din tnioc duac 16 tu6i Email: lanphuongkhgd@yahoo com Hpi dong danh gia Phan Lan (Finnish Education Evaluation Council - EEC), He thong Queensland danh gia h(?c sinh bang ^^^ °° ^ ° * ^ ^^^ ^ ^ p de dat du(?C It nhat mpt chung nhan hoan chuong tiinh N.TL Phuong I Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN Nghien dfu Gido due, Tap 29, Sol (2 013) 67-82 THPT hoac chiing nhan III - mpt tiinh nghe d^ra theo nang luc cac vien TAPE hogc cac to churc d&o tao dirac phep cSp QSA la to chiic co trach nhiem phat triSn chucmg trinh giang day (syllabus) tit ca cac mon hoc a giao dye ph6 thong LL Myc tiiu ddi mdi he thdng ddnh gid hpc sinh thepETRF [1.3] H? thdng d^nh gia hpc sinh bang Queensland dupe doi moi tir nam 2002 theo dinh hudng da neu o Education and Training Reforms for the Future (ETRF) la: • cai thi^n vi^c hpc tĐp cac giai doan dau va giiia n^m hpc ã tang quyen li^a chpn tuoi de dat chung chi tdt nghiep THPT, frung hpc nghi la 15, 16, 17 tuoi • ke hoach giSo dye va dao tao cua c& nhin (gpi Ik ke hoach cS nhan) se dirge phat trien nam lap 10 de ho trp qud trinh chuyen ddi giiJa cdc loai hinh tnifimg (THPT, trung hpc nghS hoac lam vi^c) • mpi thieu nien phai tham gia gido due va dao tao tmong it nhat tix mpt den hai nam, hoSc cho den hp dgt dugc mpt chung chi hoan THPT hay chiing nhan nghe bac 3, hoac het tuoi 16 • nhiing nguoi tre tuoi da hoac hoan chuong trinh \6p 10 hoac 16 tuoi dupe mien hpc tap d trucmg neu lam viec toan thai gian • diy manh cam ket cong ddng cho nhiJng ngudi tre Theo quy dinh cua ETRF, mpi thieu ni€n deu phai hpc tai truong cho den hoan lop 10 hoac het tuoi 16 Sau d6, trir chiing to dugc ring cd mpt cong viec on dinh hp phai tiep tuc hpc tap mpt, hai nam niia, thirong la thuc hien chuong trinh Idp 11 va 12 Tuy niiien, hp cung cd the thyc Men viec hpc cua minh bing cac hinh thiic khac va o dia diem khde miln dap ling cac yeu cau ciia ETRF 1.2 He thdng ddnh gid ben vd kiim duyet bin ngodi a) Ddnh gid ben nhd tnrdng [I] Danh gia tren lap (classroom assessment) thuc hien lien tuc, dua theo tieu chi (criterionreferenced) va giao viSn mon hpc thuc hien, dupe goi ia danh gia ben H? thdng danh giS ben hien dugc cho la linh ho?it nhit so vdi tu tmdc den bdi nd cho phep nha trudng gin kit danh gia vdi viec hgc tap va giang day Hf thong da dam bao rang danh gia: dap ling nhu cSu ciia giao vien va hoc sinh; phan anh ddng bdi canh dia phucmg; dien klii cac hpc sinh da san sang; ho titr qua Qinh hpc t^ Nha trudng cung lap h? thong kiem duyet ciia minh, vdi d^i ngii giio vien chiu trdch nhiem ve cac quyet dinh ddnh gia tmdng b) Kiem duyet tu- bin ngodi [1,4] QSA cd trach nhiem cung cap mpt h? thdng kiem duyet tii ben ngoai ddi vdi cic boat dpng danh gia cac tmdng Queensland nham muc dich: « dam bao cac hpc sinh dupe danh gid theo cting bd ehuan cua Bang • kiem tra xem cac danh gia phu hgp vdi yeu cau ciia chuong tiinh giang d£iy khdng • the hien tinh minh bach vS trdch nhiem eiia he thdng Qua tnnh Idem duy?t tir ben ngoai ciia QSA bao gdm cac hoat ddng: • phg duyet chuong trinh giang day va ke hoach ciia trudng • giam sat viec thirc hien chuong trmh mdn hoc Idp 11 (tmdng phai cung cap hd sa hpc sinh, ban chuong trinh giang day dugc phe duyet, cac cdng cu danh gia qua trinh vS cac tai lieu hudng din) N Tl- Phuong I Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN Nghien cuu Gido due Tap 29 Sol (2013) 67-82 • xdc minh nhan dinh ciia tmdng ve ket qua hgc tap mdn hgc d lop 12 (tmcmg phai cung cap bd so hpc sinh, ban chucmg trinh giang day dugc tmdng phe duyet, cac cong cu danh gia tdng ket vk cac tai heu minh chiing cho nhan djnh ciia uudng) • xdc nhan ket qua danh gia eiia nha tmdng theo miic dp tich quy dinh d chuong trinh mon hpe: rit cao (VHA); cao (HA); tmng binh (SA): tdi thilu (LA): va rat thip (VLA) Mdi miic dp tiep tuc dugc chia 10 bac, dd VHAIO la ti'ch cao nhit va VLAl la thap nhit • lay mau ngau nhien de so sanh miie tich da cdng nhan ciia hpc sinh QSA nh^n dugc hd trg tir he thdng kiem duyet cap quan va bang Thanh phin tham gia he thdng kiem duyet cap quin la cac giao vien giau kinh nghiem Vai trd ciia ho la: tri tieu chuan chung toan quan giam sdt, kiem tra va lay mau ngau nhien de so sanh; kiem tra chuong trinh lam viec; xem xet ho so bpc tap cua hgc sinh; va kien nghj vdi Hgi ddng kiem duyet cap bang Hgi ddng kiem duyet bang giam sat boat dgng cua quan de dam bao tri tieu chuan chung toan bang giua eac quan Thanh vien ciia hdi ddng bao gdm cac giao vien thuc hanh den tir tmdng phd thong va d^ hgc Nhiem vu cua hg la: xem xet ehuang trinh lam viec va dl nghi dugc cap quan phe duyet; giam sat cdng viec ciia cap quan qua lay mau, de dam bao rang nhihig tu van cho eac tmdng hgc la nhit qudn tren toan Queensland; giam sat va tri cac tieu chuan chung tren toan Queensland dl dam bao cd the so sanh dugc giiia cdc huyen, cac hpc sinh; giai quyet van de sinh giua nha tnrdng va quan QSA da phat trien qua trinh de dam bao ring giao vien thuc bien nhiem vu kilm duyet ben ngoai se phdt trien dugc kinh nghiem, kl nang va nang lire danh gia qua viec: • cap nhat va phat tnen cdc ki nang gidm sat, kilm tra, tu vin nr ben ngoai • chiing minh ro rang nang luc kiem duyet ben ngoai cua cac vien: tir vi tri bd nhiem tam thdi va chi dugc la vien chi'nh thiic sau da thuc hien diy dii khda dao tao va tham gia cd chit lugng cao vao mpt sd hoat dpng kiem duySt ].3 Ki thi QCS vd chirng nhan tdt nghiep THPT a)KithiQCS[1.2,5] De kiem tra ki nang cot loi Queensland (Queensland Core Skills test - QCS) dugc thi^c hien d Idp 12 Uen toan bang QSA td chiic Test QCS cung cap thdng tin cho tuyen sinh dai hgc, la bit huge ddi vdi nhung hgc sinh mudn hgc tilp cao ddng, dai hpe va dugc thuc hi?n mgt lanynam vao diu thang Test QCS (trSn giay) khdng dfinh gid mdi mon hpc rieng biet ma danh gia tdng hgp 49 chii de chung ciia chucmg trinh tmng hoc phd thdng (Common Curriculum Elements - CCEs) ve dgc, viet, lam toan va cae kJ nang cdt ldi de hd trg cho danh gia nha tmdng Test QCS dugc cau tnic gdm ba phan sau: • Phin viet luan: khoang 600 tii dugc chim diem theo cdc tieu chi xac dinh; mdi bli dugc chim It nhit ba lan ddc lap va cd gidm sdt ch|t che • Phan can hoi tra Idi ngan: mdi bai dugc cham it nhat hai Ian dgc lap, dugc giam sat chat che • Phan cSu hdi nhieu lira chgn: dugc chim tu ddng bang may ti'nh Cdc thi sinh dugc hudng din qua tai li^u "All You Need to Know about the Queensland Core Skills Tesf\ dd mo ta chi tiet ve de kilm tra va lam the nao de dat kit qua tdt Ngoai cdn cd nhimg bai test thii trudc de hgc sinh tu danh gid kha nang ddp ling CCEs cua minh NTL Phuong I Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN, Nghien ciru Gido due, Tap 19, Sol (2013) 67-S b) Cdng nhdn tdt nghiip THPT [1,6] Chiing chi gido due Queensland (Queensland Certificate of Education - QCE) la van bang QSA cip tii nam 2008 trd di, thay chiing chi Senior Certificate, chung nhan ngudi da hoan giao due THPT va trung hpc nghe, vdi dieu kien ia cd ft nhat 20 tin chi dat ySu cSu chuan hoac nrong duong QCE ghi nhan mtic dp tich cdc mdn hpc chi'nh d tmdng THPT va cung xdc nh^n hpc sinh ddp ling yeu can dgc, viet, lam todn va cdc kl nang cdt ldi (test QCS) Tren ca sd dd tinh todn trgng sd tdng th6 (overall position - OP) va trgng sd timg ITnh vuc (field position - FP) Kit qua sg dugc sii dung cho vi6c tuyen sinh vdo dai hpc Cdc mon hgc bd sung (md rdng mon hpc chinh, hodc mon hpc hudng nghe nghiep, thuc hanh) cung dugc ghi nhan d QCE Nhung chiing khdng dupe kiem soat? tir ben ngoai va khdng dugc dua vao tinh toan sd OP, FP Cdc mdn hpc bo sung la dieu kien can thiet de hoc sinh ghi danh cho viec tiep tuc giao due bd tiic (Further Education - FE), gido due dai hgc (Higher Education - HE) QSA tao ca hdi tiSp cSn hpc tap rgng, ca ban lam va nghe nghiep, nhung mdt sd mdn hpc cd the khong can dang ki vao FE hoac HE Vi vdy QSA hirdng d i n de hpc sinh nhan thiic ro anh hudng cua viec lira chgn mon hpc cho dich cudi cimg cua hp Theo ETRF, mdi hpc sinh Idp 10 dugc yeu cau phdt trien ke hoach gido due va dao tao ciia chfnh minh, dieu gidp dam bao rang hgc sinh va cha me hoac ngudi gidm hd hieu dupe anh hudng ciia su lua chpn din nghi nghiep tuong lai ].4 Tuyen sinh dai hoc [7,8] He thdng dai hpc d Uc theo kieu tap trung, chfnh phu ho trg ngudn luc cho mdi td chiic va chuong tnnh dao tao Song myen sinh dai hpc lai dupe dieu phdi d cap bang, chii khdng phai d cap qudc gia Nhin chung cac tmdng dai hgc td chiic xet tuyen dai hgc tren ca sd kit qua ciia ki thi QCS va ket qua qua trinh hgc tap, thdng qua trpng diem OP va EP nhiing nai ma thi sinh khdng hpc nhiJng mdn tucmg duang de tinh dugc trgng so OP va EP thi dung diem xep hang tuyen sinh d ^ hpc qudc gia (Equyvalent National Tertiary Entrance Rank - ENTER) trung tam tuyen smh dai hoc Queensland Tertiary Admissions Centre - QTAC) tinh todn QTAC Cling cd thi td chuc bai thi m y l n sinh ddc biet (Special Tertiary Admissions Test - STAT) Day la mdt bai kilm tra nang khieu hai tieng ddng ho de hd trg thi sinh chimg minh kha nang dac bi6t cua inlnh QTAC cd the dilu chinh ENTER qua nhimg boat ddng ma thi sinh chiing td duoc (vi du, qua trinh nghien cuu, cac boat dgng xa hgi) va cdc yeu td nhln than (nhu gidi, viing dia li, vimg kinh te xa hgi kfad khan, ) H^ thdng d a n h gia hpc sinh P h a n L a n 2.L Mdt sd net co bdn ve gido due phd thdng He thong gido due phd thdng Phan Lan 12 nam gdm hai cdp, giao due co ban (9 ndm), giao due THPT (3 nam) Gido due co ban dugc thuc • hifen nha tmdng toan dien (ccwnprehensive schools) Sau nam dau, hpc sinh dugc gido vien diing Idp (class teacher) day toan bd hodc phan Idn cac mdn, ba nam cuoi se dugc gido vien bg mdn day (subject teacher), gido due THPT dugc tach hai hudng la THPT va trung hpc nghi Hoan giao due THPT la yeu cau tdi thilu dl tham gia cupc sdng lam viec [9] Hdi ddng Quoc gia gido due (NBE) co trach nhiem: phat trien, gidm sat, hd trp vd ddnh gia gido due tieu hoc va tmng hgc; bi£n soan chuong trinh cot ldi qudc gia (national core curriculum), co muc tieu va chuan tdi .^• rX Phirms I Tap dti KhcQ hx DH(^HS' Nghien cuu Giao due Tap 29 Sol (2013* 67-S2 thieu dl sii dung trudng hoc Nha tiudng tu quylt dinh cac chuomg trinh va danh gia, viec phat trien chinrag tiinh nha tnidng jdiai dua theo chircmg trinh qudc gia va phii hop voi bdi canh dja phuong Nha giao dugc tdn trpng dang kl va n^ie giao la mdt nghe dugc tigng vgng a Riin Lan Giao vien dugc tu lua chgn sach giao khoa, tai lieu va [^uung [Aap giang day, tir chiu trach nhiem irong qua trinh day hgc va danh gia hoc sinh Trong dudng nhu khdng can thiet phai cd su chip diuan cua NBE ve each danh gia trudng, thi chmh quyen dja phuong lai dugc tham gia vao toan bd qua trinh [I] Thang danh gia mrai hoc tit - 10 dd bieu thj la khdng dat, c6 tbi dap liog XB dap ling ^ rit tot va 10 suii sic w kilo thurc kl nang Bao cao danh gia bao gom cac binh luan tu giao \Teo m«i hoc \e sir tien bp ciia hpc sinb va cac ibmg tin khac dirac gui rieng cho timg bpc sinh, gia dmh va mang tmh chit ggi y tham khao Diem sd kbmig mang u'nh quyet djnh ma thay vao dd ^ he thdng va tieu chi nhan xei chi ti^ \^ nang tuc v& dao dure hgc sinh Hgc sinh b(»n va dat yeu cau cdc mdn hpc se dugc cap d a n ^ nhan tot nghiep giao due CO sd b) O trudng trung hpc 2.2 Ddnh gid vd ddnh gid ngodi nhd truong [1] Ddnh gia hoc sinh nhim muc dich hudng din, khuyen kfaieh hpc t ^ va pbat trien kl nang tu ddnh gia cho hgc sinh Ngoai ra, ciing cung cap thdng tin cho j^u huynh hoac ngudi ^am hd va cho cac nha cung cap dich vu giao due, eac ben lien quan ve chit lugng, hieu qua ciia gido due a) Ddnh giri a trudng todn dien Mpi gido vien ddu eo trinh tii thac a trd len, diu la chuyen ^ a giao due, nen hg rit cd nang luc danh gia hgc sinh Tai I^iin Lan, vai tid ddnh gia hoc sinh hoan toan phu thugc vao giao vien, lai cang quan tigog ban bm bpc sinh khdng bl phai du mdt ki kiem tra boac M thi toan qudc nao sudt qua trinh hgc d mrdng hpc toan dien Hgc sinh dupe danh gia lien tuc thdng qua cdng viec Idp bpc (class work), nhung bai kiem tra giao vien bien soan dua theo chuan ciia chuong trinh quoc gia [ 14] Cudi mdi nam hgc giao %ien bao c ^ sj tien bd cua hgc Mnh d cac \'an dl: thuc hien nhi^m vu bpc tap, cac hoat ddng xa bdi; boat ddng thuc hanh trudng; dat yeu cau i6i thieu \e kien thiic va ki nang; su tiln bd tnmg eac khda hgc mdn hoc Mgt yeu cau dat la bgc sinb phai ^ipc cung cap thraig tin ve bgc tap va su tien bg mgt each thuOTig xuyen dl cung cap nhung phan bdi ve sir nen bg trtmg cac mon bgc va tbanh ti'ch dua tbeo muc t i ^ dmung trinh giao due Vtji mdi Imh vuc/mdn bgc, chucmg trinh Ifaiet kl nhieu khda bgc ma bgc anh fim vugt qua de ehiing ^ su tien bg Nha trudng cung cap cae deu chi danh gia moi khda bgc tai dau kbda Mdi khoa bgc se &IDC danh ^ sau hoan vdi cac tunh thire da dang nhu bai kiem tra viet quan sai ^ tuc cua su tien bd cua hgc anh, danh gia Id nang tfauc hanh tu danh gia Hpc sinh ^IDC p h ^ tfuc hien bgc l ^ moi cadi ddc l£^ toan bg hay mgt phin khoa hoc, vui £eu Idea phai dat nhfing yeo cau tdi thilu qoy dinh vdi Idida bgc dd Thdng tin ve su tiln bg bgc tap s€ daac cung c%) diy dti diUDBgrajyencfao sinh viai \ ^ { ^ buynb/ngLiDi dma soc Kien thuc kl nang cua bgc sinh trtmg moi Unh vuc hoac rowi hgc &IDC danh gia bdi giao vien hay mdc nhdm giao vien, danh gia cu6i ciing dugc quyet dSnh bdi bieu tnidng cung cac giao vien mda bgc Chin doan cac kbo khao ciia hgc sinh cbdag han nhu kbo khan vl ngdn ngir, duoc xem xei tnmg danh gia dl cong cip cbo bgc smh ylo kem nbung co bdi kilm ua N T.L Phuong I Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN, Nghien ciru Gido due Tap 29 Sol (2013) 67-82 rieng, chiing minh nang lue ciia minh theo nhieu cdch de hodn khda hpc Sau hpc sinh hoan ±anh va d^t yeu ciu tdi thilu ciia ft nhit 75 hpc phin/mdn hgc?, thi dugc cip ehiing nh^n tdt nghiep Cd ba loai chiing nh|n la: (1) Giay chiing nhan tdt nghiep tmng hgc phd thdng dugc trao cho hpc sinh hoan toan bd chuong trinh hgc trung hpc phd thdng ndi chung; (2) Giay ehumg nhan hodn ehuang trinh mdn hpc dugc trao cho ngudi (^ hodn ehuang trinh mgt mdn hodc ITnh vuc hgc; (3) Giay chiing nhan chua hoan cho nhiing hpc sinh rdi tmdng tmdc hodn tdt todn bd chuong trinh cac mdn hgc d tmdng trung hgc chung c) Ddnh gid ngodi Hgi ddng Danh gid Giao due (Educational Evaluation Council - EEC) chiu trach nhiem ddnh gid h? thdng gido dye quoc gia, vdi myc dich: thu thdp, phSn tich thdng tin dg cung cip ca sd cho hoach dinh chinh sdch gido due; thu thip vd phan tich thdng tin de cung cap co sd cho nhthig nd lyc ciia dia phuong va quyet dinh ve phdt triln gido due; hS trg sinh vien "hgc t9p, lam viec" va phat trien nha tmdng Hi?n t^i hoat dgng eiia EEC dang phat trien theo cdc hudng sau: • ddnh gid b8n ngodi hd trg ddnh gid ndi bd tmdng hgc • tac dgng den ho?it dpng ddnh gid cua gido vien va hgc tip cua hgc sinh • tac ddng ddi vdi chi'nh quyen dia phuong 2.3 Thi tot nghiip THPT [J, JO] Ki thi tdt nghiep THPT qudc gia dugc td chuc hai lan mdt nam, vao mua xuan vd miia thu, cho hpc sinh lap 12, dugc dieu hdnh bdi EEC Muc dich cua ki thi la xdc dinh xem hpc sinh da d^t nhiing kien thiic va Id nang theo yeu cau ciia chucmg trinh trung hgc phd thdng hay khdng KJ thi bao gdm it nhat bdn de kiem tra (nhin chung la thi sinh chpn bdi, cung cd em chpn 10 bdi): • Tieng me de (Phin Lan, Thyy Dien hoac Sami) - bat bupc vdi mpi thi sinh • Chgn loai sau: Ngdn ngC qudc gia thii hai (khde tieng me de); Ngo?i ngii' (English, German, French, Russian, Spanish, Italian Portuguese, Latin, Sami); Todn; vd mdt cac mdn hpc khde (Sinh hpc, Dja li, Hda hpc Vat h', Lich sir, khoa hpe xa hdi, Tam h' hgc, Triet hpc, Giao due siic khde, Tdn Gido va Dao diic) Nhin chung mdi de dugc cung cap d hai miic CO ban va nang cao Thi sinh tu chpn vdi dilu kien it nhat cd mgt de nang cao cua mpt mdn bat bugc Vi du, 1) Tieng me de; 2) Ngdn ngu qudc gia thii hai nIng cao bat huge, 3) Todn CO ban bat bugc, 4) Tieng Anh nang cao bit budc, 5) Ljch sii, 6) Tam li hpc Cdc dl kilm tra tilng me de la Phan Lan va Thuy Dien cd hai phan: ki nang ngon ngii vd bai luan (thi hien quan diem cua thi sinh ve gido dye) De kiem tra tieng Saami chi cd bdi luan Thi sinh cd tilng me de khdng phai ba tilng tren cd the thay the bang de ngdn ngft qudc gia thd hai gdm nghe, dgc hieu va viet Trong dh kilm tra todn co 10 cdu hdi Thi sinh dugc phep sir dung mdy tinh bd tui Cdc mdn hgc khac cd - cau hdi, mdi cau hdi thudng mang tinh tdng hgp, cd the cd nhimg ngi dung vugt ngodi ph§im vi chucmg trinh mon hpc 2.4 Tlii tuyen sinh dgi hpe [1,6] O Phin Lan, hgc sinh vugt qua ki thi tdt nghiep gido due trung hgc la dii dieu kien nhap hgc cao ddng va du dieu kien ddng ki vdo dai hgc Nhirng ngudi mudn hpc dai hpe cdn phai vugt qua Id tuyen sinh riSng aia tmdng Moi N T.L Phutmg J Tgp chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN, Nghien cuu Gido due Tap 29, Sol (2013) 67-82 trudng dai hpc tu quan h' Id myen sinh theo ehuang trinh, tieu chi cu thi Dii dieu kien nhap hpc thuong duoc dya vdo ca diem thi tdt nghiep gido due trung hgc va diem thi myen sinh Tuy nhien, cung cd mgt sd tmdng hoan toan chi dua tren dilm thi tuyln sinh Hinh thiic phd bien nhit cho thi tuyen sinh Id root bai kiem tra viet, nhung vdi cac ITnh vuc nghe thuat, kich hoac dm nhae thi cdn ddnh gia qua hd so (portfolio) vl nang khilu, hodc ed the dugc mdi tham gia mgt budi thu gipng Ddi vdi cac tmdng dai hgc hudng khoa hgc ling dung (Apphed Sciences), cac bai thi phin Idn dupe td chiic tai tmdng, mdt sd tmdng cd djch vu td chiic thi myen sinh d nude ngoai hodc qua mang Ddi vdi cdc tmdng dai hgc hudng nghien ciiu (Academic), cac bai thi dugc Ddnh gid tren Idp td chuc tai tmdng, mdt sd tnrdng them tieu chi ( v i d u nhu SAT test) » l xuSt he t h i n g daub gj^ hgc sinh Vi?t Nam 3.1 Mdt sd edn eu de de xudt phuong dn ddnh gid, thi cir mai a Viet Nam a) Thue trang he thdng danh gid tren Idp thi cir, ddnh gia qudc gia, qudc te cua gido due phd thdng nude ta da dugc khao sat, phan tich theo tieu chuin SABER (Systems Approach for Better Education Results) khudn khd ehuang trinh hd trg phat trien gido dye Lien bang Nga (Russia Education Aid Development - READ) tir 2009 - 2011 Uu dilm, h^n c h i ciia he thdng ddnh gid tren lap vd thi [11]: Thi lot nghiep THPT, tuyen sinh dai hpc I Ve moi tnr&ng ddnh g Chuong uinh giao due da neu ro phuong thiic danh gid tren Idp hoc; Da xay dyng h? thong van ban quan li cac loai hinh va hoat d^ng danh gia moi nam hoc Rat it ngSn sdch danh dS phat trien nghe nghiep va h6 trg giao vien Chuan kien thurc, ki nang mon hoc dugc viet d dang cu th£ hoa nhung van chung chung, va do hiem dugc giao vien, nha trudng su dung de tiln hanh cac boat dpng danh gia uen Idp Cac loai cong cu miu cho danh gia tren Icfp hiu nhu chua dugc phat trien (ngan hang cau hoi, nibric, nhiem vy/dudn hoc tap, ho so hgc sinh, ) Thi tot nghiep THPT d lap 12 la bat bupc theo Luat giao due; Hudng din ve thi tot nghiep THPT vk thi tuyen sinh dai hoc dugc ban hanh, phd bi€n moi nSm trudc thi Kinh phi thudng xuyen dugc phan bo cho cac ki thi cdp quoc gia Cau hoi thi dua vao cau Uiic de thi cho moi mon hoc, va thudng phii hgp vdi sach giao khoa hon la dira theo chuong trinh Dl thi tdt nghiep THPT chi gom cac cau hoi trie nghifm va ty luan; chii yeu tap trung vao kien thurc ma chua cdc ki nang nghe, ndi thyc hanh va kT ndng sdng Dl thi dai hgc ciing tucmg ty nhung da c6 cdu hoi md Cau hoi, cau true de va thai gian thi khdng dugc thu nghiem va ddnh gid trudc ihi Danh gia tren lop giao vien chii nhiem (o tieu Cue KT&KDCLGD co trach nhiem td chiic, giam hgc), gido vien mon hoc (o tmng hoc) chiu trach sat va bao cdo voi Bo GD&DT Mgi nhdm gido nhi?m cd giam sat cua to truong chuyen mon va su vien chiu trach nhiem phat trien va soat cau hoi quan If ciia ban giam hieu Hau nhu chua co loai thi Mpt nhom gido vien thyc hien vi^c chim hinh ddnh gia cap tmdng ngoai trii mgt so truong to diem thi dugc tap huan tii ngiy den t u ^ chuc khao sat chit lugng diu nam hoc a lop diu cip Rit it nhan vien khao thi dugc ddo tao chuyen vl hpc chinh sach hoat dgng ddnh gid va hp ciing ft cd Dao lao ddnh gia Icrp hpc o tmong su pham hau nhu CO hgi dugc tham gia cac khda tap huin vl kT N.TL Phittmg I Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN, Nghien cuu Gido due Tap 29, Sol (1013) 67-82 khong cd Mdy ndm gan day, mdi cd cac khda ddo tao 2-3 cho hang ngan gido viSn, ADB vd World Bank till trg Ve chdt lupng hogt d$ng ddnh gid cua he thong Danh gia tten lap khSng co tinh he thong; dugc sir dyng nhu thong tin diu vao cho ki thi tot nghiep THPT v^ ki thi tuyen sinh dai hoc Giao vien tieu hpc can dugc dao tao each thuc ddnh gia tit ca cdc mdn hpc; gido vien trang hgc can dugc dao tao phucmg thiic danh gia mon hpc; cdn bd quan li giao due cdn ho try ve each tfaiic quan li vd phdt trien nang lyc ddnh gid cho giao vien He thdng ddnh gia mdi can khac phyc dugc nhung han che ve su l^c hau cua ddnh gia tren lap, bd sung ddnh gid nhd tmdng vd he thdng kiem duyet, ho trg tii' b i n ngoai, tang cudng dp tin cay va gid trj ciia ki thi tdt nghiep THPT vd sii dung hieu qua cho tuySn sinh dai hpc b) Nghi quylt sd 29-NQ/TW 4/1I/20I3 Hdi nghi Tmng uong khda XI ve ddi mdi can ban, toan di?n giao due da neu, ddi mdi he thdng giao due theo hudng chuyen md, linh boat, lien thong Mpt sd diem lien quan den bai bao la [12]: " Ddp ling y£u cdu phdn ludng m^nh sau tmng hoc ca sd; tmng hgc phd thdng phai tiep can nghe nghiep vd chudn hi cho giai doan hgc sau phd thong cd chat lugng Nang cao chat lugng phd cap giao dye, thyc bien giao due bdt budc nam tir sau ndm 2020.; - Phdi hgp six dyng kit qua danh gia qua trinh hgc vdi ddnh gid cudi kl, cudi nam hpc; ddnh gia ciia ngudi dgy vdi tu ddnh gid ciia ngudi hpc; ddnh gid ciia nha tmdng vdi danh gid eiia gia dinh vd ciia xa hpi.; Ddi mdi phucmg thiic thi vd cong nhan tdt nghiep tmng hpc phd thdng theo hudng giam dp ndng danh gia Vdi nhdm gido vien soat cau hoi va cham diem thi thi ty dao tao cong vi^c la chii yeu ViSc de thi hau nhu mpt nhom giao vien thuc hi|n va hp phai chju trdch nhiem hoan todn ve tinh hop 16 va chit lugng cua dl Viec dii thir hoac thir nghiem cdu hoi khdng dugc thyc hi|n trudc, nen chua co minh chdng cho chat lugng de thi Cdc hanh vi gian l$n d ki thi tot nghiep THPT van chua dugc khde phuc du luan loan xa hoi cd niem tin tdi chieu a kel qua tot nghiep hang ndm KJ thi tuyln smh dai hgc dugc coi Id chat chg, hpp le, kit qua dugc tin cSy dl lya chpn sinh vien Hpc sinh viing s§u xa bj thiet thoi vi gido vifin thudng khong gioi vd cdc nguin lyc nhd uudng thudng han che Hgc sinh vting dan tdc thieu sd cang bi thiet thoi hon bai cac ki thi dugc tien hdnh bdng tieng Viet luc va tdn k i m cho xa hdi ma van bdo dam dp tin cay, trung thyc, ddnh gid ddng nSng luc hpc sinh, ldm co sd cho viec tuyen sinh gido due nghi nghiep va gido due dai hpc Ddi mdi phuang thiic tuyln sinh d^i hgc, cao ddng theo hudng ket hgp sii dung ket qua hpc tap d phd thdng va yeu cau cua ngdnh dao tao Giao quyen tu chii tuyen sinh cho cac co sd giao due dai hgc - Phan ting gido due dai hgc theo hudng: Nghien cuu, Thyc hdnh vd Ung dung'" Du thao de an Ddi mdi chuong trinh gido dye phd thdng sau ndm 2015 dl dinh hudng chuyin tir chuong trinh tiep can npi dung (tap tmng trang bi kiln thiic, kT ndng) sang chuong tnnh u l p can nang lye (t^o co hpi van dung kiln thiic, ki nang vao tinh hudng thyc tien) [13] D I thyc hien dinh hudng nay, d l xuat phdt triln cac loai chudn chucmg trinh nhu sau: - Myc tieu chuong trinh nhdm trang bi nhiing kiln thiic, ki ndng ca ban; phdt trien nhiing phim chit, ndng lyc cin thilt de mdi hpc Di6u Luat Gido due dgi hgc NTL Phuong I Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN Nghien ciru Gido due Tap 29, Sol (2013) 67-81 sinh ed the thdnh cdng hgc tap, ddi sdng xa hdi - Chuan diu la cu thi hda myc tieu chuong trinh, giiip hpc sinh biet nen hpc nhirng gi va yeu cau can dat the ndo Chuan dau nen xay dung d mdv ca bdn (da sd cd the dat dugc) de thuan Igi hon ddnh gia su tien bg, chii khdng neu Id miic tdi thieu {mgi ngudi deu cd the dat dugc) nhu ehuang trinh hien hanh Se cd chuan dau cap hgc (tieu bgc, THCS, THPT) va chuan dau mdn hgc timg lap hgc - Tren co sd chuan diu ra, xay dung chuan ddnh gia cap hgc va chuan danh gid mdn hpc Vi nang lyc mdt hpc sinh bat ki co the thap hon, hodc cao hon so vdi miic ca ban, vi vay chuan ddnh gia nen gdm bdn miic, (I) So khdi bat dau, (2) Can chuan - gan ddp ling chuan dau ra, (3) Dat chuan dau (4) Nang cao - vupt chuan dau (miic cua chuan danh gia chinh Id chuan dau ciia chucmg tnnh) c) HI thdng giao due phd thdng Queensland tuang ty vdi Viet Nam d chd gdm 12 nam, chia cap hpc nhung co cau Idp hpc cd phin khde (6: 4: 2) He thdng gido dye phd thdng Phan Lan eiing gdm 12 i^m nhung chi cd cip hpc la gido due co ban, bat budc vd gido due tmng hpc, vdi ca cau 9:2 Diem khac biet niia so vdi nude ta la, hai qudc gia diu chii trpng ca md hinh tmdng THPT han lam va trudng trung hpe nghe, giup cho viec thuc hien phan ludng sau THPT dugc thuan Igi Vdi nhiing diem tuong ddng va khac biet nay, kinb nghiem ddnh gia, thi cir d Queensland va Phan Lan la nhung ggi y quy bau cbo viec cdi thien boat dpng cho giao dye phd thdng Viet Nam 3.2 De xudt vi ddi mai tu ddnh gid vd vdn hda ddnh gid a) Thay ddi cdn ban m danh gid hoc sinh Ddnh gid nhdm muc di'ch chu ylu la hudng dan, khuyen khich bgc tSp va phat trien kT nang tu danh gia cho hpc sinh Danh gia cd vai trd: cung cap thdng tin phan hdi cho hpc sinh vl sy tiln bd, ket qua hpc tap va sau hoan thdnh ehuang trinh mon hgc mdi Idp hpe, khuyin khich hg thiet lap muc tieu hgc tap vd dilu chinh phuong phap hgc tap; cung cap thdng tin de giao vien dieu chinh hoat dgng giang day; cung cap thdng tin cho hieu truong, phu huynh va cac ben hen quan ve chat lugng, bieu qua giao due b) Xay dyng van hod ciia ngudi dugc danh gia, ngudi danh gia va td chiic ddnh gid - Hoc sinh: nhan thiic dung ve muc tieu cai thien sy tien bd ciia ban than; tuan thii yeu cau qua trinh danh gia vd thi; thue hien cd trdch nhiem, nd luc cao Irong qua trinh dugc ddnh gid, ty danh gid - Giao vien: nd lue vuan len de cd ndng iuc chuyen mdn (kien thiic ea ban ve ddnh gid, nang lyc nghien cihi gido due, hieu cdc nhan td anh hudng tdi ddnh gia); tinh tmng thyc, y thiic trdch nhiem, - Nha tmdng/td chiic trien khai danh gid: xay dyng mdi trudng cd vdn hoa giira ngudi danh gid va ngudi dugc ddnh gia; cai thien dilu kien ldm viec; hodn thien co chi giai trinh va chiu trdch nhiem trudc xa hdi vl chat lugng gido due; Phdt trien tai heu hudng dan gia dinh, bgc sinh vd xa hgi hieu cdch thirc danh gid ngudi hgc nhung ket qua ki vgng ddi \di hp va each thiic giiip dd ngudi hpc 3.3 Di xudt each thuc ddnh gid tren lop vd ddnh gid nhd truong a) Ddnh gid trin lop Ddnh gid tren Idp phai ho trg su tiln bd ciia hpc sinh, phai gin kit giQa danh gia vdi qua trinh giang day va hpc tap cae mdn hpc Mudn vay ddnh gia ph^; dugc thyc hien lien tuc; theo diing ehuan diu ciia chuong trinh mdn hoc; dien bpc sinb da sin sdng vl tam Ii vh N.TL Phmmg I Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN, Nghien ciru Gido due Tap 29, Sol (2013) 67-8 kiln thirc, kT nang, thai dp; va hd trg qua trinh hpc tap mdi cd nhan Nha tmdng cung cap chuan danh gia (gdm pham chit, nang luc) tong thd cua lap hpc vdo diu nam hpc; gido vien mon hgc cung cap chudn danh gia ket qua mon hpc vao diu lap hpc vd diu chuong hgc Tren ca sd dd, hpc sinh ty xdy dung ke hoach hpc tdp d trudng va muc tieu de cho ban than Mdi mdn hpc deu dugc ddnh gid vdi cdc hinh thiic da d^g nhu bai kidm tra viet, vdn ddp, quan sdt, thyc hdnh, ty ddnh gia, hd so hoat ddng cd nhdn hay nhdm, Giao vidn mdn hpc phan hdi thdng tin ve sy tien bp cho hgc sinh thudng xuyen va tao nhieu co hdi de nhiing hpc sinh y6u chiing minh ndng lyc cua minh CJ tieu hpc dan loai bd diem sd, d tmng hpc diem sd thd (diem cham true tiep vd chua dugc quy chuan) khdng mang tinh quyet dinh nhu hiSn hanh, ma thay vdo la he thdng tieu chi eu the ve mdi miic bdn miic thyc hien ciia hpc sinh Bao cdo danh gia ket qua hgc tap mdn hpc cua hgc sinh dugc xay dyng vdo cudi mdi hpc ki, bao gdm binh ludn tii gido viSn chii nhiem (d tieu hpc), tir giao vi6n chu nhiem va gido vien mon hoc/ ITnh vyc hgc (d tnmg hpc) ve sy tien bp ciia hpc sinh, kem theo hd so tu ddnh gid eiia hpc sinh b) Ddnh gid cdp tnrdng - Hieu tmdng cd trach nhiem thiet lap vd td chiic ddnh gid cap tmdng de danh gia viec dat chudn diu cap hpc ddi vdi hpc sinh Idp 5, lop va lap 12 Dau mdi nam hgc, cdc tmdng phai giri kl hoach td chiic ddnh gia cip tmdng, bao gdm chuin danh gid, ndi dung danh gid, cdch chim diem de thi, each xu K trgng sd cdc thdnh phin thi, ) len co quan quan h' nha nude cap tren - Mpt cupc danh gid cdp nhd tmdng cd the bao gdm hai hoac nhieu han cac dl thi, tbeo cac hinh thuc vin ddp, viet hoac thyc hanh De tin dugc xii li, cd the cham diem hoac nhan xet dinh tinh,ridngvdi bai thyc hdnh cung cd the Id sy thira nhan thi sinh da hoan thdnh dung each dugc yeu cau Neu cham diem, ndn ling dyng li thuyet ling dap cau hdi IRT (Item Response Theory) de xu K ket qua thi nhdm xac dinh chi'nh xdc miic dp ndng luc ciia hgc sinh Luu y, ket qua danh gia nha tmdng d lop 12 phdi xong tmdc ki thi tdt nghiep THPT bdt diu - Bdo cdo ddnh gid cudi nam hpc ciia mdi hpc sinh duac quyet dinh bdi hilu tmdng, gido vien - Chpn lpc thdng tin dg gui ridng cho timg hpc sinh, gia dinh vd chi mang u'nh chit ggi y, tham khao Cdc buoi hop phy huynh tap trung tim hilu each giiip dd hpc sinh hpc t^p d nha cua gia dinh vd nguyen vgng gia fflnh ve viec cai thien chat iugng gido due; tuyet ddi khdng nhan xet, ddnh gia vd so sanh giira cdc hpc sinh vdi - Mdi tmdng can Idp mdt nhdm giao vien cdt cdn, chiu trdch nhiem tu van cho hieu tmdng vl vide quan li va quyet dinh cho danh gid cip tmdng c) Hd trp ddnh gid tu ben ngodi nhd trudng - Ca quan qudn li giao due dia phuang thdnh lap dpi ngu giao vien cdt can cap cum tmdng, cip huyen va cap tinh Xay dyng vdn bdn quy dinh quyen Igi, trdch nhiem vd co che hd trg, gidm sat cdc boat dgng ddnh gid ciia nha tmdng Dpi nga gido vien cdt cdn cdp cym truong vd cdp huyen cd nhi?m vu: • dam bao hgc sinh dugc ddnh gid theo ddng chudn dau tren toan huyen; • kiem tra, giam sdt de dam bao ho?it dpng ddnh gid phii hgp vdi yeu cau CT; • xdc nhan tinh mmh bach, tin c^y ciia kit qua danh gid mdi hpc sinh, giiia cdc hpc sinh dua theo chuan dau mdn hpc, chuan diu cap hpc; • giai quy6t van de sinh ve giang day, ddnh gia giiia cac tmdng d huyen; V TL PkitanglTgpdd Khoa hoc DHQI^IS S^iiai ciru Oao dac, T^ 29 Sol (2013)67-82 - Tang su khach quan ciia ket qua lot • kien ngb| vdi cap tinh Dpi ngu gido vien cdt can cdp tmh co nhiem nghiep: xet kit qua hoc t|p sudt qua trinh THPT: sir ( ^ g diem tbi nhdm d^ dugc sy vu: chuan boa kfaacb quan va minh bach • xem xet dl nghi tir d ^ cum trudng, c ^ - E>am bao tin cay va dp gia tri: dl tbi huyen chuyen ten; dugc xay dyng tbeo quy trinh chudn boa; da • giam sat crag viec cap huyen de ^ m bao dang hda cau bdi dl hrdng nang lyc tfayc nhimg tu van tdi nha tnrcmg la nhat quan Uen hien tnmg boan canh tbuc tien; ung dung h' toan tinh; tbuylt "ling dap cau bdr dl xac dinb cbuih x ^ • giam sdt va tri cac tieu chuan diu la nang luc cnia hgc sinh chung tren loan tinh de dam bao co the so sanh - Cbii trpng sy binh ding: ngi dung thi dugc giiia cac huyen giiia cac bgc sinh: khong tao su thien lech cbo mdt doi tugng cu • giai quyet v:an de sinh ^ua i ^ tfal nao: dang thiic cau bdi quen thudc vdi mpi trudng va cap huyen giiia eac huyen hgc sinh: cd tTMig sd uu tien ddi tugng thiet - Co quan quan b' giao due d tmng utmg cd tbdi (\'ung dan tdc thieu so vung khd khdn trach nhiem: dien chinh sach) • xay dung chuan danb pa 1st qua giao due - Kiem soat nghiem ngat chit lugng ihi va d timg cap bgc timg mdn bpc dya troi ca sd Id xet tdt n ^ ^ qua viec giam sat lan nb^i giua chuan ddu cap bgc vd n»n bgc Nha nude, nha tnrcmg bgc sinh va xa hgi • bien soan tai Ueu hudng ddn thuc hien b) Ket qud ddnh gid qud trinh danh gid tren Idp, danh gia c ^ trucmg • xay dyng cac bd cdng cy mau cho danh gia tren lap dieo tung ii»n hgc; c ^ danh gid cap tmcmg theo cac phim cbit va nang lyc chung • n ^ e n ciiu de din ifaay the dgi ngii giao vien cdt can bing Hiep bdi giang day nhdm tdng hjgu luc danh gia ngoai nha tnrdng; nghien ciiu ca (ill kit hgp vdi Hdi cuu giao chiic Viet Nam de thuc hien nhiem vu ddnh ^ a ngoai 3.4 Di xudt phuang dn thi vd cdng nhan tdt nghiep THPT a) Nhims can nhic cbo viec lua chpn phucmg an tbi va cdng nhan tdi n ^ e p - Nha nude kiem sodt cbit lugng k^ qua cdng nhan tdt n ^ e p THPT d khau: thilt lap quy trinh td chuc thi va xet idt nghiep; giam sai thi ke: c|ua thi; quan h' phdi bdng tdt nghiep; Dia phuimg td chiic thi c ^ bdng cong nhan Idt nghiep Cac mdn bgc bit bugc ciia chucmg trinh giao due THPT cd tbi dugc hoan tai cac thdi diem khac (Idp 10, 11 hay 12) Kit qua oidi ciing aia moi mdn hgc dugc hieu trudng cijng giao vien mon hgc quyet dinh sau da dieu chinh theo y kien ru van cua dpi ngii giao vien cot can cap tucmg iing Ket qua danh gia cuoi cung %'e cac pbim chat va nang luc chong duoc hieu trudng qayet dinh cimg vdi y kien m van ciia dpi ngu giao Nien cdt can cap tucmg ling Mdi ket cjoa danh gia ndi tren diu theo thang ddnh gid dinh tiiih gdm bdn mtie (1) So kbdi (2t Can chuin (3) E)at cbuin (4) Nang cao Day la cac muc cua cbuin danh gid cip hgc mdn bgc da ndi d nuc 3.1 Vdi nhOng bgc sinh dat miic I va phai tao di^j kien va nhilu co hdi dl cac em cd tbi chung td kba nang dat mic cao hon c) Kit qud thi tdt nghiip THPT N T.L Phumg I Tap ehi Khoa hoc DHQGHN Nghien cu-u Gido due Tap 29, Sol (2013) 67-8 - Ki thi tdt nghiep THPT qudc gia dugc td chirc d lap 12, ed the gdm dgt nam, thdng vd (Idm dupe vi toan bg qud trinh hpc t|;p diu theo hudng ndng lyc, vi vay ket qua thi khdng qua phu thudc vdo ndi dung hpc tap cu thi) D I thi khdng ddnh gia theo mdn hoe cu the ma tong hpp tat ca cdc mdn hpc/ ITnh vuc bat budc, dya tbeo chuan diu cap THPT De thi phai dugc bien soan tbeo quy trinh chuan hda gdm budc: (1) thiet lap tieu chuan, tieu cbl ddnh gid; (2) thiet lap ma tran de; (3) bien soan cau hdi; (4) ddnh gia chat luong dt bdng phuang phdp ehuyfin gia; (5) thu nghiem de (thu nghi?m ca tieu chi danh gia, cau hdi, cau true d6, tbdi gian lam bai, miic dp nang lyc, sy binh ddng ve ndi dung thi, ); (6) ddnh gid chat lugng de thii nghiem va hoan thien de; vd (7) xdc djnh diem cdt de phdn loai thdnh bdn nhdm ndng lyc la, (1) So khdi, (2) Can chuan, (3) Dat chuin, (4) Ndng cao, miic (3) chinh la chuan dau cdp THPT da quy dinh chuong trinh De thi tot nghiep THPT nSn dugc cau trdc g^m ba phan: (1) Phan trie nghiem khach quan, tap trung ludng sy am hieu nhiing kien thuc, kl ndng ca ban, nln tang Phdn ndy dupe cham diem ty ddng bing mdy tinh; (2) Phan tu luan cd cau tnic ddng, tap trung ludng cdc nang lyc chung (the hien qua viec vdn dung kien thiic, ki ndng co ban vao bdi canh thyc tien) Phan ndy dugc chim diem it nhat hai lan ddc Igp theo quy trinh va gidm sdt chat che; (3) Phan bai luan cd cau true md, tap trung tim hieu quan dilm, tu mdng, ihdi dp, tinh cam dgng CO ve mdt van de xa hgi ciia hgc sinh Phan dugc cham diem it nhat ba lan ddc lap theo quy tnnh va gidm sat chat che Ung dyng h thuyet ling ddp cau hdi xii h' ket qua thi nhdm xac dinh chinh xdc hpc smh thudc miic dp ndo muc dp ndng lye can - Trong nhung ndm tmdc mdt: Bg GD&DT chiu trdch nhifm quan h' nhd nude ve ki thi (ban hdnh vdn bdn quy pham vl hudng dan thi vd cong nhan tdt nghiep, lam de tbi, gidm sdt tbi d dia phuong); dia phutmg chiu trach nhiem td chuc thi, cham tlii phiic khao thi vd cap bdng tdt nghiep THPT theo quy che, phdi bang cua Eg Ve lau dai, Bd tap tmng xdy dyng ngan hang cau hdi Sau cd ngan hdng cau hdi, Bg hudng din de dia phucmg ldm de thi dya theo ngdn hdng cau hdi d) Cdng nhdn vd su dung ket qud tdt nghiip trung hpc thdng - Cdng nhan tdt nghiep THPT ciia hpc sinh dugc xem xet tren co sd ket hpp ca kit qua hgc tap, ren luyen ca qua trinh va ket qua thi tdt nghidp THPT Trong can nhdc din vile tinh toan trgng sd cho cdc nhdm van de sau: • ket qua cac mon hgc (bat budc, tu chgn bdt bugc), kit qua cdc ndng lyc, pham chat chung va ket qua bai thi tdt nghiep • hpc sinh d^t tich suit sdc ve hpc tap (gidi qudc gia, qudc te), ve cdc ho^t dgng xa hpi, • hpc sinh viing khd khan, vung ddn tpc thilu sd nhdm gidm thieu nhiing thi?t thdi vl dilu kien hpc tap va phai ldm bai thi khdng phai tilng me de; hpc sinh thugc diln chinh sdch - Xip loai tdt nghiip tren co sd kit qua tdng thi (cd trgng sd), vdi loai la Khdng dgt, Dgt yeu c&u, Khd, Gidi vd Xuat sdc, tir D?it trd len Id tdt nghiep THPT - Bdng tdt nghiep THPT ghi nhdn cae thdng tin chii ylu sau: Loai tdt nghiep; Ket qua cudi cung cdc mdn hpc, ITnh vuc hgc tap (bdt bupc, tu chgn bit bugc); Kit qua ki thi nha tmdng; Kit qua kl thi tot nghiep; va Kit qud tdng the - Su dyng kit qud tdt nghiep de thyc hi?n phan ludng sau THPT Dudi day xem nhu Id mpt ggi y: • hpc sinh tdt nghiep tu Dgt trd len du dieu kien nhap hpc tmdng tmng cdp; • hpc sinh tdt nghiep loai Dgt vd dap ling yeu ciu cu the ddi vdi nhdm mdn hgc nhat .V L Phuang I Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN Nghien cuu Gido due Tap 29 Sol (2013) 67-82 dinh, hodc tdt nghiep tir Khd trd len, thi du dieu kien nhap bgc tnrdng cao ddng; • bgc sinh tdt nghiep tir loai Khd ud len dugc ^Jig ki vao tmdng dai bgc hirdng thyc hanh va ung dung, hpe sinh tdt nghiep tir loai Gidi trd len dugc ddng ki vao tmdng hudng nghien cuu Dilu kien dugc nhap hgc cu the se mdi tmdng d^i bgc quyet dinh 3.5 De xudt phirang dn tuyin sinh dgi hoc a) Nhung cdn nhdc cho viee lua chpn phuang an thi vd cdng nhgn tdt nghiip - Nha nude cin kiem soat chit lugng tuyen sinh diu vdo giao dye dai bgc d hai khau: (i) Quyet dinh chi tieu tuyen sinh de dieu tiet sd luong sinh vien hgc cdc ngdnh nghe theo yeu can phdt trien dii nude; (ii) Ban hanh qay che tuyen sinh (quy trinh, chinh sdch dieu kiln va nang lyc myen sinb nha trudng ) Giao qu)«n cho tmcmg dai hpc ty chu tuyen sinh diu vao (xay dyng tieu cbl myen sinh thdi diem Wyen sinh, quan h' qua trinh xet myen, ) nhdm chgn dugc nhung smh ^en phii hgp nhat vdi sir mang, myc tilu ddo tao vd ngudn lyc ciia nha tnrdng - Tang su khach quan eiia ket qua myen sinh bdng each: hgc ba phd thdng bdng tdt nghiep THPT hpc sinh gidi qudc gia, qudc te, hd so bgc tap (luu trir cdc hoat dgng bgc tap ddt biet, cdc boat ddng xa hdi), ciing co the td chiic H thi neng cua trudng Rieng yeu td nhan than (vung mien, dan tdc, dien chinh sdch) da dugc tinh trpng sd d bdng tdt nghiep THPT nen khdng de cap nu'a - Neu td chuc ki thi rilng thi: Dam bao tin cay va gia tri: de thi phai dugc xay dyng theo quy trinh chuan hda; da dang hda cau hdi de ludng ndng lyc thuc hien bdi canh thyc tien; umg dyng h thuyet "ling ddp cau hdi" de xdc dinh cbinh xdc ndng lyc ciia hpc sinh Chii trgng sy binh ddng: ngi dung thi khdng tao sy thien lech cho mdt doi tuong cu the ndo; dang thiic cau bdi quen thudc vdi mgi hpc sinh; kilm sodt chit lugng thi qua sy gidm sdt gii^a nhd Uirdng, nha nude, thi sinh, xa hdi b) Muc dich tuyin sinh: lya chpn dugc nhiing hgc sinh co nang luc pbCi hgp nhat vdi timg nhdm ngdnh dao tao bode vdi timg tmdng dai hgc e) Phuong dn eu thi - Bd GD&DT se: (1) Quylt djnh chi tieu tuyln sinh dl dilu tilt sd lugng smh vign hoe cdc ngdnh, nghi theo yeu cau nhan lye cua dat nude; (2) Ban hanh quy chi tuyen sinh (quy trinh, chinh sdch, dieu kiln vd ndng lye myen sinh nha tmdng, ); (3) Xay dyng ngdn hang cau hdi ndng lyc chung, chuyen biet; - Mdi tmdng ty quyet dinh tieu chi myen sinh, luu y den dac dSem cua tiing loai tieu chi sau: • Dam bao hen thong tii phd thdng len dai hgc: bang tdt nghiep THPT tir loai Khd trd len vdi tmdng dai hgc hudng thuc hanh vd hudng ling dung; tdt nghiep tir loai Gioi trd len vdi trudng dai hgc hudng nghien ciiu; • Sii dung ket qua hpc tap d phd thong de xet myen dai hpc tbeo quan diem phat trien: hgc ba cho phep nhin nhan ndng lyc thi smh sudt qud trinh, phdt hien sy nd Iuc, ndng khieu, nhCiig gia tri dac biet; • Sii dung bd so bpc tap cho phep thi sinh tu xay dung hinh dnh ve nang lyc, ndng kliieu cua ban than Hd so cd the gdm hgc ba If lich tu thuat, qua trinh lam viec (neu cd), thu gidi thieu (ciia giao vien, hieu tmdng, cac td chiic ngoai nhd tmdng), • Ket hgp chi'nh sach xd hpi cua Dang, Nha nude va ciia nha trudng, tao dyng mdi tmdng bpc tap da dang: ti le % nu gidi, ddn tdc thilu sd, ngudi khuyet tat, • Cd thi td chiic them ki thi bd sung, dl thi dugc Ihiet ke chuan hda (quy trinh da n6u d muc 3.4), vdi tieu chi kT thuat, ciu true dl, ndi dung, rieng phii hgp vdi tnrdng, vd dya vdo N T.L Phutmg I Tap dii Khoa hoc DHQGHN, Nghien cu-u Gido due TSp 29, Sol (2013) 67-82 ngan hdng cau hdi cua Bd Cd the td chiic ki tiii ndy nhilu ndm tai tmdng, hodc tai cac cum thi tren todn qudc - Giai doan diu Cue KT&KDCLGD cin hudng din phuang an Uiyen sinh theo nhdm tmdng (cdng l^p, dan lap; tmdng dac thii, khdng ddc thii; tmdng trgng diem, uu tien ciia nhd nude; ) Vidu: • Nhdm tmdng/nganh dao tao khong dac thti, khdng cd tinh canh tranh cao vd/hoac khdng sir dung kinh phi cua nhd nude thi tieu chi tuyen sinh cd the gdm: hoc ba phd thdng + bdng tdt nghiep THPT • Nhdm tmdng/ngdnh dao tao ddc thu, canh tranh cao, ddi hoi ndng khieu vd sii dung ngan sdch ddc biet cua nhd nude cd hd so hpc tap + hpc bg phd thdng + bdng tot nghiip THPT + thi tuyin sinh • Nhdm tmdng trpng diem qudc gia: hd so hpc tap + hgc bg phd thdng -l- bdng tdt nghiep THPT + thitiiySnsinh + de chuan hda qudc te; Ket lu^n 4.1 NghiSn eiiu he thong ddnh gid hpe sinh d Queensland vd Phan Lan cho thay: a) Ddnh gid ndi bp nha tmdng chua dii thuyet phyc xa hdi ve tinh khdch quan, cdng bdng vdi mpi hgc sinh Phan Lan Id mgt qudc gia cd nen gido due xuat sdc, ma hg van thyc hi?n danh gia b6n ngoai tmdng bdi ki thi tdt nghi?p THPT - th$m chi bdi thi ndy van chua dii hd tra tmdng dai hpc myen chgn sinh vien, cho du hau hit hpc sinh tdt nghiep THPT vdn dii chd hpc tiep dai hpc b) Mdt he thdng danh gid hpc sinh, cho dii dam bao tinh linh hoat dia phucmg thi van can dugc gidm sat chdt ch£ de dam bao tinh thdng nhit tren todn qudc Queensland Id vi du dien binh - cd sy can thiep, kiem soat ddng ke tir ben ngoai den ddnh gia ngi bg cua nha tmdng c) Khi thyc hien hoat ddng ddnh gia ca ben vd ben ngodi, can chd 'y trdnh qua tai vdi hpc sinh Mdi qudc gia cd cdch giai quylt vAn dl ndy khde nhau: Queensland cho phep hpc sinh lam quen cd dgng thiic danh gia ben ngodi Crong thyc hien danh gid ben trong; Ph^n Lan thi cho phep hpc sinh ty xay dung kl hoach hgc tap d tnrdng, va dieu giup hgc smh thiy sy lien ket rd rdng giiia vifc hgc tgp vdi ddnh gid d tmdng eiia minh va vdi cdc ki thi ben ngodi cua minh 4.2 Nhirng djnh hudng ddi mdi ca cau he thdng gido dye qudc dan vd chuong trinh giao dye phd thdng Viet Nam ddi hdi sy gin ket chat ch6 giiia danh gia vd ngoai nha trudng (thi tdt nghiep THPT, tuyen sinh dai hgc) Phuong an dugc de xudt la: a) Ddnh gid tren lop cung cip thdng tin ve sy tien bd ciia hgc sinh theo hudng chuan dau mdn hpe, dugc thuc hien vdi nhieu hinh thuc ddnh gia (vilt, van dap, quan sdt, thyc hdnh, ty ddnh gid, hd sa ea nhan hay nhdm, ), gido viln mdn hgc chiu trach nhilm thyc hien va giai tnnh Ddnh gid cap tmdng cung cip thdng dn v£ viec dat chuan ddu cap hgc (lap 5, idp vd lap 12), dupe thyc hien vdi cac hinh ibiic vin ddp, vilt ho^c thyc hanh, hieu trudng chiu trdch nhiem thyc hien vd gidi trinh Hd trg hf thong danh giati-ongnhd tmdng bdng he thdng kiem duyet tir bin ngoai d cdp cum tmdng, cdp huyen va cap tinh He thdng ben ngoai se kiem tra, gidm sat, xdc nhan tinh minh bach, im cay cua ket qua danh gia hgc sinh dua theo chuan dau mdn hgc vd chudn dau cap hpc b) Dam bao danh gid vira linh hoat theo dia phuong vira thdng nhat tren pham vi todn qudc bdng cdch: ca hai he thdng ddnh gia (ben vd ben ngoai) deu ddnh gia theo chuan danh gia cip hgc, mdn hpc Chudn ddnh gid dupe Bp GD&DT xdy dyng trln ca sd chuin diu cip hpc, mdn hgc c) Su gdn kit chat che giiia ddnh gid nhd tmdng vdi dan gid ngoai nhd tmdng the '^TJ^Pkuong/Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN N^iien cuu Giao due Tap 29 Sdl(2013)e7-S2 hien cjua td chirc thi, cong nhan tot nghiep THPT va myen sinb d^ bgc Van td chuc ki Ihi tdt nghiep THPT cjudc gia, d l tbi tdng hgp lai ca cdc mdn hoc/ ITnh vyc, dya theo chuan d i n cap THPT dugc biln soan theo quy triidi chuan hda Cdn cii vdo kit qua cac mdn bgc, kit qua ndng lyc + pham chit chung, kit qua bai liii tdt nghiep va mdt sd tioi chi khac d l tinh loan kit qua tdng t b i (cd trgng sd) Kit qua long t b i dugc phan loai theo nhdm, Khdng dat Dat >eu cdu, Khd Gidi vk Xuit sic c a p bing tdt n ^ e p cho nhimg hgc sinh tir loai Dat trd len Nha nude cpiyll dSnb chi tieu tuyen sinh dai bgc vd ban hanh quy t ^ myen sinh giao quyen cho tmdng ty chu myen sinh diu vdo Cac trxrdng cd thi myen sinh vdi nhi«i tieu chi nhu bd so hgc tap, hgc ba (rfid thdng, bing tdt nghiep THPT ki thi myen sinh ri&ig, Cdn chii y d i n dieu kien myen sinb frfiu hop iheo nhdm tnidng dai hgc phan tang theo hudng: nghien cim thyc hanh va ung dung Bd bd trg cae tmdng qua \iec xay dung ngan hang cau hdi thi nang lyc chung, nang lyc chuyen biet Tai lieu t h a m khao [1] Anne Galloway (2008) The As&essmeni Sj'stems of Roland and Queensland [2] Queensland Soidics Autboii^ (2009) All >«i need to knov abow the Queoislaod Core Skills TesL w-ww.qsa.q1d.edu.au [31 Slate QueendBid 12002) Queensland the Smait Siaie - Educaioo md Training Refonns fan the Funire ISBN: 7>:f 1959 [4] Queensland SorfiesAufliMity 12010) Modciatioo handbook for AinbOTitjsubjects www.qsaA]ld.edu- au [5] Queensland Studies Auilioiiiy 2007 Connoon Ciuiiculum Ekmcnls (CCEs) wn-w.qsa.qkLedu.ai [6! Queensland Studies AudK»io- 2011, The QCE Handbook, w^'w.qsa.qld.edu.au 171 Robin Maaoss Helms (2008), Universiiy Admission Woddwide Imemaiiona! Bank for Reooosouctiaa and Devetopment/ TTK WOTW Bank (8] (Queensland Studies ^whtwiEy 2011 Cafculanng Ocrall Positions (OPs) n-ww.q5a.qld.edu.au [9] Rnnisb Minisuy of Education 2(X)6 Education and Science in Finland, Helsinki Univeisiiy Press [10] Tiina Haiju (2013) The Finnish Mamculatioi Examinaticn: An Essential Part ot Finnisb Education Since 1852 Univerarf of Tampere [11] Wold Bank Vietnam (2010) B ^ cao Hpi n ^ READ loan d u lin tfaii hai tii 4-6/lOQOlO t9iKen>'a [12] Xghi quy^i sd 29-X(yrw 4/11/2013 Hpi n ^ Tnmg uong kbda XI v^ dii mm can ban loan dien giao (kic va dao tao '_]3] Ban chi dao ddi moi chucmg trinh sdch giaoIdioa sau n&m 2015 du thao dl an Ddi mdi dnrang trinh, sach^aokboasauttim2015 [14] Nguyin Thanh Huy (^107), PISA va Pbln Lan sites.goo^e.com/sile/hiQ'finland/fMsa&vn Assessment of Graduation Examination of Senior Secondary School Education and University Enrolment in Vietnam Through Experience of Queensland and Finland Ngu\ en Thi Lan Phticmg Research Centre for Educational Results Assessemenl, Vietnam Institute of Educational 101 Trdn Hung Dgo, Hanoi Vietnam Sciences, \ b s t r a c t : The assessment and examinanon s>'stem of Queensland (AostraUa) and Finland has A K following characteiistics: Anendon is paid to classroom and school assessments, assessment is suaiaittcd 82 N T.L Phuang I Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN, Nghien deu Gido due, Tap 19 Sol (1013) 67-81 to asscx;iate with teaching and leaming; a strict, close but flexible assessment process so as to create an opportunity for students to demonstrate the achievement of the curriculum in the best way; the graduanon exams are organized to prove that all smdents meet the same standards; the results in the graduation exams are used as an inqrartant criteria for university enrolment Based on the orientation of the renovation of the sffucture of the national educational system and the renovation of the general education curriculum m the country, this paper has put forward the way to make the classroom and school assessments based on the output standards of the curriculum so as to ensure that it is possible lo assess the students' progress; to organize the examinations and recognize the results of the senior secondary school graduation on the basis of a combination of the results in the process of leaming and the exam results; based on the levels of high school graduation certificates (Pass, Fair, good, excellent) and many other cnteria so that each umversity find it suitable to its sttatification orientation (Research, Practice or Apphcauon) Keywords: assessments High school graduation exam; University eruolment; Classroom and school ... cot loi Queensland (Queensland Core Skills test - QCS) dugc thi^ c hien d Idp 12 Uen toan bang QSA td chiic Test QCS cung cap thdng tin cho tuyen sinh dai hgc, la bit huge ddi vdi nhung hgc sinh. .. ki thi la xdc dinh xem hpc sinh da d^t nhiing kien thiic va Id nang theo yeu cau ciia chucmg trinh trung hgc phd thdng hay khdng KJ thi bao gdm it nhat bdn de kiem tra (nhin chung la thi sinh. .. tilng me de la Phan Lan va Thuy Dien cd hai phan: ki nang ngon ngii vd bai luan (thi hien quan diem cua thi sinh ve gido dye) De kiem tra tieng Saami chi cd bdi luan Thi sinh cd tilng me de khdng