"AP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Bodn Van Diiu • DAO TAO GIANG VIEN TRE TAX CAC TRlTOfNG DAI HOC SU* PHAM MQT GIAI PHAP NANG CAO CHAT LlTOfNG DAY HOC DOANVANDI&U'''' TOM TAT Bdi bao trinh bay vdn de dcio tao[.]
"AP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Bodn Van Diiu • DAO TAO GIANG VIEN TRE TAX CAC TRlTOfNG DAI HOC SU* PHAM MQT GIAI PHAP NANG CAO CHAT LlTOfNG DAY HOC DOANVANDI&U' TOM TAT Bdi bao trinh bay vdn de dcio tao gidng vien tre - mot giai phdp ndng cao chdt luong fai hoc Ve thuc trang yeu cdu ciia sinh vien (SV) doi vdi nhung phdm chdt cua gidng vien, 'iet qud khdo sdt cho thdy SV ddnh gid cao nhimg phdm chdt mang tinh nghe nghiep ihimg Id ndng ho tra giang day vd thdi dung cUa gidng vien doi voi bdn thdn, ngirai khdc vd nghe nghiep Ben canh do, bdi viet cung dua mot so gidi phdp nhdm giup :huang trinh ddo tao gidng vien tre ngdy cdng hieu qud han Tir khoa: dao tao giang vien tre, chat lucmg dai hpc, thai dp, kT nang ho trp ABSTRACT Training novice lecturers at universities of education A solution to improving teaching quality The article is about training novice lecturers - a solution to improving higher education quality Results of the survey about students' demands of lecturers' quality show 'hat students highly appreciate professional qualities, teaching supporting skills and lecturers' attitudes towards themselves, others and their Job Besides, the article also suggests some solutions to improving the efficiency of novice lecturers training Keywords: training novice lecturers; university quality; attimdes; supporting skills Dat van de Khi de cap chat luong dao tao noi chung, chdt lucmg dao tao dai hoc noi rieng la ehung ta noi den nhieu yeu to lien quan, nhu: nguai day, nguai hpc, muc tieu glang day, npi dung giang day, phuang phap, each danh gia, cac phuang tien va ca sa vat chat Trong bai viet nay, chiing toi de cap viec dao tao giang vien tre a cae truang dai hoc de nang cao chat lugng dao tao Hien nay, viec nang cao chat lugng Jao tao cae cap hgc dugc su quan tam :ua loan xa hpi Khi noi d^n ch4t lugng 3ao tao, chiing ta noi den ket qua dao tao eua nen giao due dugc the hien qua eac muc tieu dao tao Nhirng muc tieu thay doi theo sir phat trien cua xa hpi va cang cao hon De dap ung nhimg yeu cau nay, giao vien noi chung va giang vien dai hoc noi rieng can co nhiing pham chat tam li nhat dinh Tir truac den co nhieu quan diem ve pham chat tam H ciia nguai thay Sau day la mot so quan diem: Theo Le Van Hong va cong su, giao vien can co nhung pham chat sau: The gial quan khoa hge; Li tuong dao tao th6 he tre; Long yeu tre; PGS TS, Trud'ng B^i hpc S u pham TPHCM; Email: doanvandieu@hcmup.edu TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Long yeu nghe (yeu lao dpng su pham); Net tinh each va pham ch4t y chi cua nguai thay giao; - Nang luc day hpc (nang luc hieu bigt nguoi hpc u-ong qua trinh day hpc va giao due, tri thuc va tam hieu biet rpng, che bien tai lieu hpc tap, nam viJng kT thuat day hpc, ngon ngir); Nang luc giao due (nang luc vach phuang huaPig phat trien nhan each cua nguoi hpc giao tiep su pham, cam hoa nguoi hpc, doi xir kheo leo su pham); Nang luc to chuc hoat dpng su pham [1] The thuc va phuong phap nghien cmi Trong bai viet nay, chung toi khao sat SV nam cuoi ciia Truang DHSP TPHCM, vi theo gia dinh "nhung SV CO thai gian hpc tap tucmg doi lau" Trucmg, hpc hoi tiep thu dugc nhieu tri thirc, kT nSng va kinh nghiem ve nghe day hpc 2.1 Dung cu nghien ciru Dung cu nghien ciru la mpt thang CO 53 cau, gom nhimg nhom pham chat va nang lue ciia nguai giao vien vai nhimg dac diem sau: Mang tinh chuyen mon sau, tinh nghe nghiep, co dao due, thai dp chCmg muc doi vai ban than, nguai khac, nghS nghiep va nhimg pham chat mang tinh h6 trg giang day; Can cho giang day, nhu: kT nang So 8(74) nam 2015 quan sat, phan tich, thong thao nhimg qua trinh ca ban; co ta\ ngh6 thong qua dao lao; CO thai dp chimg muc d6i voi ngucri hgc, d6i vai ban than; Mang tinh long qual, nhu: bi^t s6ng va lam viec vai nguai khac; tinh tu giac; xac dinh dugc gia tri xa hpi; lam viec d^ phuc vu dat nuoc; it lien quan true tiep den ngh^ day hpc va mang tinh ca nhan Thang dugc soan thao qua giai doan: Giai doan tham thu: Dugc thyc hien tren 116 SV de tim hieu nhirng dac diem nghe day hpc ma cac SV da biet Sau long hgp cac cau tra Icri va bo sung tir nhirng tai lieu lien quan, bang tham chinh thirc dugc hinh Moi cau hoi ve miic dp can thiet dupc chia miic; Rat can - diem 5; Can - diem 4; Luong lu - diem 3; Khong can - diem va Hoan loan khong can diem Trong moi cau hoi, xtt li dugc tinh diem trung binh cgng (TB) va dp lech tieu chuAn (DLTC) ciia tk ca SV cho diem Giai doan thu thap dir lieu: So lieu dugc thu thap tren 299 SV gdm cac nganh tu nhien, xa hpi, ngoai ngu va nganh khac So vol tdng s6 SV chinh quy khoang 1200 SV nam cuoi, thi day la mau mang tinh dai dien He s6 tin eay ciia thang la: (Cronbach's Alpha) 0,904 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Doan Vdn Dieu Bdng Bo phdn cdch cua cdc cdu thang Cau 10 11 DPC 0,205 0,209 0.093 0,119 0,086 0.189 0,139 0.211 0,186 0,091 0,138 Cau 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 DPC 0,215 0,111 0,104 0,111 0,179 0.190 0,266 0,187 0,103 0,197 0,183 Cau 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 • 33 DPC 0,237 0,171 0,293 0,264 0,299 0,227 0,262 0,193 0.253 0,286 0.281 Cau 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 DPC 0,134 0,265 0,029 0,053 0.209 0,111 0,154 0,062 0,138 0,119 Cau 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 DPC 0,073 0,206 0,100 0,138 0,195 0,151 0,196 0,121 0.151 0,181 cho thay dp phan each cua cac cau deu a miic trung binh tra xuong nen viec danh gia giira cac SV ve nhung pham chat day hgc cua giao vien khong co su khac biet 2.2 Mdu nghien ciiu Mau chgn va cac tham so nghien cuu lien quan dugc trinh bay duai day: Tong cgng: 299 Gio'i tinh Khong tra loi Nam Nir N 81 215 1,00 27.1 71,9 Nam thir Khong tra loi Nam Nam N 258 39 0,70 86.30 13,0 Ho khau Khong tra lai Thanh Tinh N 248 45 2,0 82,9 15,1 Nganh hoc Khong tra loi Tu nhien Xahoi Ngoai ngii Khac N 113 77 77 26 2,0 37,8 25,8 25,8 8,7 % % % % Sd 8(74) nam 2015 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Ket qua nghien ciru Khao sat thuc tl \i >eu cau cua SV doi \m nhflng pham chat cua giang vien ket qua thu dugc nhii bang sau day: Bang Ddnh gid ciia SV Tnrdng BHSP TPHCM ri mdc cdn thih ciia cdc phdm chdt nghe day hoc Pham chat nghe day hoc Ngucri nghe day hpc la nguoi can CO nhirng kT nang giang dav Nguoi nghe day hoc la nguoi co thai dp tran trpng doi vcri dong nghiep va phu huynh hpc sinh Nguoi nuhe dav hoc la n^u^i CO thai nahiem tuc doi " ' voi npi dung mon hpc Ngucri nghe day hpc la ngucri co uy tin Ngucri nghe day hpc la nguoi co tri Ihirc sau sac ve bp mon dang dupc giang day Ngucri trpng nghe da\ hoc la nguoi can cc ki nang giao due Nguoi nghe da> hpc la nguoi can co kT nang giao tiep Nguoi trpng nghe da>' hpc la nguoi duoc trau doi \an hoa Nguoi Irons nahe dav hoc la ngucri duoc ccna dong tin nhiem ^ , cao va su tm tucmg vap tung giao vien Nguoi trpng nghe day hpc la ngucri dupc giao due tinh each, iuan li va dao dire Ngucn trpng nghe day hpc la ngucri can c6 ki nang lap ke hoach/ to chCrc Ngucri nghe day hpc la nguoi can cc ki nang thuyit phuc Nguoi trpng nghe day hpc la ngucri co huong phuc vu cpng dpng Thif j bac ' TB DLTC 4.66 0.83 4.60 0.81 , ^^ -, ^^ 4.60 ! 0.72 4.54 0.87 4.51 4.49 4.48 0.88 0.86 0.79 4.47 0.80 0.91 10 i 4.41 0.84 11 4.40 0.97 12 4.39 ' 0.88 13 Nguoi nghe day hpc la ngucri can cc kT nana quan sat j 4.36 ' 0.91 Ngucri nghe day hpc la nguoi dupc huan luyen chuvcn i , j mon thcri gian lau dai •^~' \ ^-"^ Nguoi trpng nghe da}- hpc la nguiji cc thai dp chimg muc doi 0.99 vcri nguoi hpc ^-^^ 14 15 16 Nguoi nghe day hpc la ngupi co thai dp diing dan doi vciri ban than : ^-JI 0.97 17 Ngupi nghe day hpc la nguoi chap nhan trach nhiem d6i voi nhimg hanh dpng dupc thuc hien co lien quan den nhirng cong \ lec dupc giao 4.30 0,85 18 Nguoi nghe dav hpc la ngum thcng thap nhimg kT nanc 29 i 99 38 19 j TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM hoac nhimg qua trinh can ban Nguoi nghe day hpc la ngtroi co khoi lupng tri thuc va niing lire cao hon nhihig nguoi khong chuyen mon Nguoi nghe day hpc la ngucri can co kT nang phan tich Nguai nghe day hpc la nguai dupc giao due nghe nghiep hoac huorng nghiep Nguoi nghe day hpc la nguoi dupc giao due hinh cac moi quan he hen nhan each Nguoi nghe day hpc la nguoi dupc giao due tinh tu giac Ngucri nghe day hpc la ngucri can co kT nang quan he vai nguai khac Nguai nghe day hpc la nguai co nhtrng quy dinh ve dao due giup iam ro nhihig van de chua ro rang hoac nhihig diem nghi ngo co lien quan den cong viec dugc giao Nguai nghe day hpc la nguai dupc giao due tinh t h ^ cong dan Nguai nghe day hpc la nguoi chap nhan trach nhiem doi vcri viec danh gia Nguai nghe day hpc la ngucri dap ung dugc nhirng tieu chuan bang cap hoac nhihig yeu cau tUyen dung Nguai nghe day hpc la nguoi dat trpng tam vao cong viec dugc giao Ngugi nghe day hpc la nguoi dugc giao due tinh sang tao va su nhan thirc tham mT Nguai nghe d^y hpc la nguai can phai quen thupc vai tri thuc li thuyet Nguai nghe day hpc la ngucri co tri tue phat trien Nguai nghe day hpc la nguai dugc giao due sire khoe the chat va cam xiic Nguai nghe dgy hpc la ngucri cc tri thuc sau sac ve npi dung cau true lln mon hgc lien nganh Nguai nghe day hpc la nguai can co kT nang lanh dao Ngucri nghe day hpc la nguai chap nhan cong viec va nguoi hpc Ngucri nghe day hgc la ngucri ap dung nghien cihi va li thuydt vao thuc tiln {de giai quyet nhthig van de ve nguoi) Nguai nghe day hgc la nguoi can co kT nang lam viec chan tay va tri oc Nguai nghe day hgc la nguoi can co kT nang hoat dpng theo true giac doi moi Boan Van Bilu 4,28 0,96 20 4,25 0,94 21 4,21 0,97 22 4,19 1,03 23 4,18 1,03 24 4,17 1,01 25 4,13 0,96 26 4,11 1,07 27 4,08 0,97 28 4,01 0,96 29 4,00 1,18 30 3,98 0,98 31 3,92 0,99 3,91 1,05 33 3,84 1,05 34 3,83 1,00 35 3,82 1,16 36 3,74 1,34 37 3,73 1,05 38 3,71 1,12 39 3,69 1,15 40 32 39 So 8(74) ndm 2015 TAP CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguai nghi day hoc la ngucri co y thitc ve ban nga Nguoi nghi day hgc la nguoi chap nhan gan bo suot dai 3,69 1,18 41 3,62 1,17 42 1,08 43 1,13 44 1,11 45 1,15 46 1,18 47 1.25 48 1.18 49 1.23 50 1,21 51 1,08 52 1,21 53 vcri nghe nghiep Nguoi nghi day hpc lii nguoi nghien ciiu ve hpc tap va 3.61 hanh vi cua nguoi Nguai nghe day hpc la ngucri tu giac quyet dinh trpng 3.57 mpi truang lam viec cu the Nguoi trcng nghi day hgc la nguoi can co kT nang so hgc/ tinh 3,56 toan Nguoi nghi day hgc la ngucri lam vice mpt to chirc 3,52 tu dilu hanh g6m nhimg vien cung nghe nghiep Nguoi nghi day hpc la nguoi can co kT nSng mang tinh 3,49 nghe thuat Nguoi nghi day hgc la ngucri phai dua nhieu quyet 3,45 dinh 3.41 Nguoi nghi day hpc la nguoi co y thuc tu cong nhan Ngucri nghi day hpc la ngucri cc hpi doan chuyen mon hoac nhihig cac nhom gioi cong nhan nhung cong cua ca 3,38 nhan Nguoi nghe day hpc la ngucri chap nhan mgt tap hgp tieu 3,31 chuan ciia hoat dpng Ngugi trgng nghe day hpc la nguoi tuong doi tu cong 3,07 viec giam sat chi tiet Nguoi nghe day hpc la nguoi nho vao cac nha quan li de 2,54 day nhanh cong viec nghe nghiep Cac mirc danh gia theo ti le bach phan cua long diem cac cau thang t Diem trung binh 4,38 Ty le bach phan Duai 20% Tit % den 40% Tir % din 60% Tir % den 80% > 80% Bang cho thay lu danh gia miic can thiet ve cac pham ch4t nghi day hgc ciia SV Truong DHSP TPHCM nhu sau: Nhirng phdm chdt nghi day hoc dirac SV ddnh gid mice rdt cdn thiit: 40 Mirc danh gia' Khong ciin thiet It can thiet Trung binh Can thiet Rat can thiet Nguai nghe day hgc la nguai: can CO nhimg kT nang giang day; co thai Iran trpng doi voi d6ng nghiep va phu huynh hpc sinh; co thai nghiSm tuc doi vai ngi dung mon hpc; co uy tin; co tri thlic sau sac ve bp mon dang duoc TAP CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM giang day; can co kl nang giao due; can CO kl nang giao ti8p; dugc trau d6i van hoa; dugc cpng dong tin nhiem cao va su tin tuong vao timg giao vien; dugc giao due tinh each, luan li va dao diic; can eo kT nang lap ke hoach/to chirc; can co kT nang thuyet phuc va c6 huong phuc vu cgng dong Noi each khac, nhimg pham chat nghe day hgc mang tinh chuyen mon sau, mang tinh nghi nghiep, co dao dire, thai chimg muc doi vai ban than, nguoi khac, nghe nghiep va nhung pharh chat mang tinh h6 trg giang day dugc SV danh gia rat can thiet Nhirng phdm chdt nghe dgy hoc dirac SV ddnh gid muc cdn thiet: Nguoi nghe day hpc la nguoi; can CO kT nang quan sat; dugc huan luyen chuyfin mon thai gian lau dai; co thai chimg muc doi vai nguoi hpc; co thai dp dung dan doi vai ban than; chap nhan trach nhiem doi voi nhiing hanh dpng dugc thuc hien co lien quan den nhCmg cong viee dugc giao; thong thao nhung kT nang hoac nhiing qua trinh can ban; co khoi lugng tri thirc va nang lue cao hon nhung nguai khong chuyen mon; ckn CO kT nang phan tich va dugc giao due nghi nghiep hoac huong nghiep Noi each khac, nhimg pham chat ngh6 day hgc can cho giang day nhu kT nang quan sat, phan tich, th6ng thao nhung qua trinh ca ban; co tay nghe thong qua dao tao; co thai chimg muc d6i vai nguoi hgc, doi voi ban than dugc SV danh gia cSn thilt Nhirng phdm chdt nghe day hoc duf/e SV ddnh gid mirc trung binh: Dodn Van Dieu Nguai nghe day hpc la nguai: dugc giao due hinh cac moi quan he lien nhan each; dugc giao due tinh tu giac; can CO kT nang quan he vai nguai khac; CO nhimg quy dinh ve dao diic giup lam ro nhiing van de chua ro rang hoac nhimg diem nghi nga co lien quan den cong \'iec dugc giao; dugc giao due tinh than cong dan; chap nhan trach nhiem doi vol viec danh gia; dap iing dugc nhimg tieu chuan bang cap hoac nhiing yeu cau tuyen dung; dat trpng tam vao cong viec dugc giao va dugc giao due tinh sang tao va su nhan thiic tham mT Noi each khac, nhung pham chat nghe day hgc mang tinh tong quat nhu: biet song va lam viec vai nguoi khac; tinh lu giac; xac dinh dupc gia tri xa hpi; lam viec de phuc vu dat nuoc dugc SV danh gia miic trung binh Nhihig phdm chdt nghe dgy hoc duac SV ddnh gid mirc dp it cdn thiet: Nguoi nghe day hpc la nguoi: can phai quen thupc vai tri thiic li thuyit; co tri tue phat trien; dugc giao due siic khoe the chat va cam xuc; co tri thtie sau sSc ve ngi dung cau tnic Ian mon hgc Hen nganh; can co kT nang Ianh -dao; chip nhan cong viec va nguoi hgc; ap dung nghien cuu va li thuyet vao thuc tiln (de giai quyet nhung van de ve eon nguai); can CO kl nang lam viec chan tay va tri 6c; can co kT nang hoat dpng theo true giac doi moi va co y thiic ve ban nga Noi each khac, nhung phim chit il lien quan true tiep den nghe day hpc duge SV danh gia miic it can thiel Nhiing phdm chdt nghe dgy hoc duac SV ddnh gid muc khong cdn TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM thiit: Nguoi nghi day hpc la nguai: chip nhan gin bo su6t dai voi nghe nghiep; nghien ciiu ve hgc tap va hanh vi Clia nguai; lu giac quyet dinh moi Uirong lam viec cu the; can co kT nang s6 hgc/tinh loan; Iam viec mgt 16 ehlic tu dilu hanh gom nhiing vien ciing nghe nghiep; can co kl nang mang tinh nghe thuat; phai dua nhilu quyet dinh; co y thiic tu cong nhan; co hgi doan chuyen mon hoac nhung nhom gioi cong nhan nhirng cong ciia ca nhan; chap nhan mgt lap hgp lieu chuan cua boat dgng; tuong doi tir cong viec giam sat chi tiet va nho vao cac nha quan Ii de day nhanh eong viee nghe nghiep Noi each khac, nhimg pham chat mang tinh ca nhan dugc SV danh gia a mire it can thiet Mot so y kien ve viec dao tao giang vien tre cr dai hoc sv pham NhCmg y kien mang tinh kinh nghiem ciia chiing toi duoi day nhim gop phan ciing nha truong dinh hudng viec dao tao, boi duong cho giang vien tre a dai hgc su pham 4.1 Nhiem vu cda mgt giang vien Khi nhan dugc quyet dinh cong tac a truang, chung toi dugc lanh dao trucmg luc bay gio giao nhiem vu ciia mpt giang vien la giang day, hgc tap va nghien cihi khoa hgc Hien nay, chiing ta co thl them mpt nhiem vu nira la ren luyen dl co thai dung d6i voi xa hpi, nghi nghiep va ban than Thoat nghe qua, nhimg nhiem vu rat nhe nhang vi chi co mgt nhiem vu mang linh rang bupc phap li chat che - giang day; ba nhiem vu lai gin 42 S6 8(74) ndm 2015 nhu la nhimg nhiem vu mang tinh tu giac cao Tuy nhien, theo thoi gian, ba nhiem vu hgc tap, nghien ciiu khoa hpc va ren luyen tra nhiing nhiem vu mang tinh thoi thiic nhieu hem vi kel qua ciia viec thuc hien chung thong qua tich lu\ phai dugc the hien bang cac ket qua cu thl Mu6n hoan ba nhiem vu sau la viec lam kho khan vi nhung nhiem vu nay, ngoai cong siic va tien bac can nhilu thoi gian Thuc bon nhiem vu tren co lien quan mat thiet voi vj hgc tap giup cho giang day tot hon; muon giang day tot can phai nghien ciiu khoa hgc va hge tap; nghien ciiu khoa hpc giiip hpc tap va giang day hieu qua Khi co thai dung, nguoi co dieu kien de thuc hien ba nhiem vu tren, \i suy cho ciing, tat ca mgi cong viec deu dupc dat tren moi quan he nguai va ngucri De giang vien tre hoan nhiing nhiem vu ay, viec chung nhat la nha trucmg giiip hg xac dinh dugc tu mong sau: Chpn nghe day hgc la mpt nghe cho ban than va chap nhan nhung kho khan nghe nghiep cung nhu cupc song Y thirc rang nghe day hgc la mpt nghe can phai hgc tap va ren luyen lien tuc vi SV luon mong muon hgc cai mol va cirng vi xa hpi luon luon phat trien theo su phat trien khoa hgc - kT thuat, Tin luong dinh huang lam nghi day hpc Clia minh la diing vi qua giang day, ban than co the dong gop mpt phan cong siic cho dat nuoc dan lgc Tir do, nha trucmg co ke hoach dao tao, boi duong cho giang vien tre nhting npi dung tren co so thuyit "lay nguai hpc TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM lam trung tam": Co eac lieu ehuan Iua ehpn giang vien quan tam din thai dp va nilm tin phan anh sir dinh huong cua glang vien vol nhiing nhom nguai hpc khac nhau; Chuang trinh dao tao dugc dat co so tren nhiing nguyen tac giang day liy nguoi hpc lam trung tam truoc het chuong trinh dao tao giang vien; Tao dieu kien cho giang vien dl nhung chien lugc moi de danh gia niem tin va kinh nghiem ciia hg mgt each phe phan; Xay dung cac kinh nghiem va cac bai tap co lien quan vai lop hgc phiic lap va cac van de thuc ll; Tao CO hgi cho giang vien co co hgi giao luu voi ban be va nhtmg giang vien CO kinh nghiem hon de suy nghT ve nhCmg kinh nghiem va moi giao tiep vai nguai khac de thuang lupng, chia se va xay dung y nghia va sir hieu bilt; Dua nhimg chien lugc de thiet lap biu khong tich cue cho viec hpc tap va cae phuang phap giang vien co the sii dung nhim nang cao kha nang tu va trang thai tieh cue cung nhu thay doi each tu khong hieu qua va trang thai lieu cue lam ngan chan viec hpc tap va giang day giang vien va ngugi hpc; Giup giang vien thay dugc thai dp va dpng CO rieng ciia hp doi voi viec giang day va hgc tap co anh huong den dgng CO va viec hpc tap cua nguai hpc lop nhu thl nao; Cung cap ca so tri thiic ve qua trinh nhan thiic, xiic cam va dgng co anh huong din hgc tap de glang vien co the Dodn Van Dieu nang cao qua trinh tu bac cao va hgc tap; Dua nhting thong tin ve cac ehien lugc nhan thiic bac cao long quat va theo ITnh vuc cu the va each chiing dugc giang day hieu qua nhat cho nguoi hgc khac ve kha nang va nen tang; Khuyen khich giang vien "suy nghT Iai" giang giai nhu la mgt phuong phap Iam cho viec hgc va glai quyel van de ro rang va chuyen di, tir lap mo hinh cac chien lugc tu v^ giang day cho nguoi hgc; Cung cap thong tin ve cac dac difim tri tue, Xlic cam, the chat, xa hgi, ngon ngu- va van hoa ciia nguai hgc a cac trinh phat trien khac ciing nhu nhung phuong phap danh gia va thich iing su khac bifit phat trifin va tri mfi kha nang hge tap; Giup giang vifin y thiic nhifiu hem ve: (i) nhu cau Hen quan nfii dung va c^c qua trinh dfin moi truang van hoa cua nguoi hgc, va (H) su khac biet ma cac nen van hoa tac dpng manh me trfin sir the hifin mang tinh cpng dong ve vific trao doi thong tin tu nguyen, dat cau hoi, nha giiip da, thao luan moi quan tam ca nhan noi cong cgng, Iam chii eiia cae gia tri van hoa va nhtmg can tro khac c6 kha nang Iam phong phii lap hpc dugc nhin nhan hoac din dfin su h6n dpn va sir quy kfit nham Ian bi bo qua; Nhan manh cac each thiic chii d6ng dua nguai hpc vao qua trinh hpc tap va lam ro rang tai lieu hoae e^c giai phap tir chinh SV mot each iing hp va kich thich tu sang tao ciia nguoi hpc; Tap trung vao cac chien luac chin 43 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM doan va khuyfin khich nguoi hpc sii dung cac qua trinh dpng co tu dinh huang va hgc tap; Giiip giang vifin hieu each timg nguoi hgc hgc tap lot nhat va Hen he npi dung mon hpc dang dugc giang day vol hiing thil ciia limg nguai hgc bang each kich thich tinh to mo va hiing thii bam sinh vai hpc lap ciia ngucri hge; Dua thong tin vfi each gan sir Ihich thii va hiing thii ben vol hgc tap va su tu y thiic, moi quan tam vfi hinh anh rieng hoae nhu cau lu chihig to va khong dua vao su khen thucmg bfin ngoai ciia nguai hgc Iam xoi mon hiing thu hgc tap tu nhifin; Giiip giang vifin hifiu each chimg to lien tuc su ton trgng va cham soc doi vai ngudi hgc lop, vin tri mgt lop hpc c6 to chiic mpt each thong cam (khac vdi loi dpc doan); Dua nhtmg chifin lugc dfi lua chgn chuang trinh hpc tao mirc dp phuc tap va diing din vl mat nhan thirc, phil hgp vai nguoi hpc a cac miic dp kha nang va phat trifin khac va tCr nhung nhom van hoa khac nhau; Dua nhung chiln lugc dfi lam viec chat che voi gia dinh va cac loai van hoa phu vific giiip nguoi hpc hpc tap; - Dua vific huin luyen quan li stress nhan manh tren eac nguyen tic ciia m6i quan he tri tufi - xuc cam - hanh vi va each tao biu khong ung hg mang tinh cam xuc xa hpi; Dua viee chu y dfin '"viec tu cham soc va tu doi moi" ca nhan nhu la phuang each cho giang vifin dl tranh viec So 8(74) nam 2015 can kiet siic luc cung nhu lap mo hinh nhiing chifin lugc cho ngucri hpc; Tap trung vao vific giiip giang vien hgc each nhan trach nhifim cang nhilu d6i vol nhung nhu cau nghfi nghigp va ca nhan nhu la phuong phap ciing c6 long yeu nghi day hgc; Giiip giang vifin thay dugc mol quan he gitra tam H hge hge tap va tam li hgc ciia sir thay doi cung nhu vai tro lanh dao ciia hp vific tao he thong giao due nhu la cpng dong hpc tap danh cho vific hpc tap suot doi, vific lugng gia, danh gia giang day tiep tuc va su cai tiln lien tuc 4.2 Noi dung de xudt ve ke hoach dao tgo, boi dw&ng cho gidng vien tre Tgo dieu kien cho gidng vien tre hoc lap, dgt trinh cao hem Mpt nhung vific lam thiet thuc nhat viec boi duang giang vifin tre ciia cac truong su pham nhimg nam vira qua la quy djnh ro thai gian yfiu cau nhiing giang vlen tre (du^c giu- lai tru6ng) hoan bac hpc cao hon ITnh vuc chuyfin mon cua minh Day la mgt viec lam co lgi cho chinh ban than giang vifin tre vi hp biet huong di chuyen mon Day la quy dinh mang tinh phap ii, de dang thuc hien voi nhtmg giang vien Ire vi hg la nhung nguai CO kha nang Dilu mong mu6n cao hon la thong qua quy dinh nay, nha truong cin co bien phap kich thich ldng say me hgc tap su6t dai ciia lop giang vien tre Ngoai viec hgc tap de nang cao trinh chuyfin mon, giang vifin Ire ciing can phai nang cao trinh ngoai ngii va TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM hgc them vl cong nghe thong lin Co le, ehiing la khong can ban thfim vl su cin thifit Clia hai mon hpc Diem cin nhan manh a day la lam thl nao dfi giang vifin tre dat dugc trinh ngoai ngtr va cong nghe thai gian ngan va sir dung chung nhu nhimg cong cu hpc tap va nghien ciru Co le viec hpc cong nghe thong tin a trinh dp can ban thi tuong d6i dfi thuc hien doi vol giang vifin tre hon la hpc ngoai ngii, bdi hpc ngoai ngu' can thdi gian dai Trong nhung nam gan day mpt so trudng da to churc nhifiu ldp ngoai ngii d nhieu trinh dp cho giang vifin, nhung thudng roi vao tinh trang ghi danh thi dong, ban dau cd nhifiu ngudi hpc, cang ve sau ldp hge cang ving, cuoi ciing thi khda hgc khdng thfi tiep tuc, dd hieu qua khdng cao Mdt nhung li khdng edng cd le siic ep cdng viec thudng ciia giang vifin va khung thdi gian ngan Mgt giai phap cho vific hgc ngoai ngCr la nha trudng td chlie nhimg ldp chuyen tu nhu thdi bao cip: Giang vifin dugc giao cho nhiem vu chi hgc ngoai ngtr mpt thdi gian cin thiet va bao cao kfit qua vao cudi khda hgc Ndng cao tay nghe gidng day cho gidng vien tre Giang vifin tre duge hpc cac mdn Tam li hpc, Giao due hpc d cac trudng dai hgc va bdi dudng mon Li luan day hgc dai hgc d cac trudng dai hge su pham Theo y kien ciia chiing tdi dieu cin thifit nhung chua dii, vi qua tham y kiln, nhung giao vien tot nghiep tir cac Irudng dai hgc tiep tuc hpc dfi nang Dodn Van Dieu cao trinh dp cdn hoc Id nhimg thifiu sdt mang tinh nghe day hgc va giao due nhieu hon la nhirng thieu sdt ve mat tri thlic chuyfin mdn Xu hudng mdi ciia giao due hien la ngudi day tao difiu kifin de ngudi hpe phat trien kha nang cua minh tdi da, nhung hdi giao vien hieu bifit gi vfi ngudi hpc, hau nhu hg khdng biet! Mgt difiu dan gian hon, duge hdi: Cac anh/chi cd dugc day each cho diem, danh gia ngudi hpc ciia minh hay khong? Cac giao vien ay tra ldi la '"khdng" day chiing toi khdng dd ldi cho cac giang vifin day nhtmg mdn nghifip vu trudng, nhung difiu bdc Id mgt thifiu sdt chuong trinh dao tao ciia Irudng dai hgc la chua dua nhung mdn hgc mang tinh img dung ciia Tam li hgc va Giao due hpc vao chuang trinh dao tao Hifin nay, viec giang day dai tra cac mdn hpc mang tinh img dung ciia Tam li hpc va Giao due hgc la chua thuc hifin dugc; dd, cac Irudng can co kfi hoach bdi dudng cho giang vien tre nhiing bd mdn Tam H hpc va Giao due hpc irng dung dfi giang day va giao due, hp y thiic dugc nhung tri thirc va kT nang nghifip vu nao can thifit cho SV va chinh nhiing giang vien tre se la luc lugng ndng cdt dfi phat trifin nhtmg bp mdn Ndng cao trinh nghien cuu khoa hoc cho gidng vien tre Trfin CO sd nhtmg tri thirc va kT nang nghifin ciiu da dugc hpc d dai hgc, giang vifin Ire can dugc bdi dudng mgt each he thdng vfi nghifin ciiu khoa hgc Trong thuc te, cd nhifiu mirc dp nghien Cliu khoa hpc, nhung trinh dp theo yeu 45 - ^ TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM ciu cua dai hpc ddi vdi mpt giang vifin la d mirc dp cao, vi day la mdt hoat dgng hd trg die !uc cho giang day hpc lap va ren luyfin Thdng qua hoat dpng nghien cim khoa hpc, kha nang tu ciia giang vifin trfi dugc nang cao, phuong phap lam vific \ a hpc tap cd hieu qua han Dfi dat dugc trinh cao nghien eim khoa hgc, nha trudng can bdi duong cho giang vien tre bon bg mdn: Phuong phap nghien cim khoa hgc Thong ke iing dung nghien ciiu Phucmg phap xay dung va sii dung dung cu nghien cuu Phuong phap chgn mau Bon bg mdn can thiel cho boat dpng nghien ciiu khoa hpc hau hfit cac ITnh vuc Tao dieu kien cho gidng vien tre ren luyen thai dung Thai ciia mdt giang vifin gdm: thai ddi vdi to qudc dan tdc: thai ddi vdi chfi do; thai dp ddi vdi xa hdi; thai dp ddi vdi nghe nghiep; thai dp ddi vdi ngudi khae; va thai dp ddi vdi ban than Cd the noi, xem xet kT qua trinh dao lao ciia cac trudng dai hgc ngoai viec ren luyen "Thai dp ddi vdi ddi vdi dat nudc va xa hdi" chiing ta chua danh thdi gian thieh dang cho viec ren luyfin thai dp diing cho SV ve cac mat khac vi ren luyfin thai khdng phai la nhung bai hgc dugc liep thu qua dudng tri thuc, ma la nhimg thii tifip thu bang tinh cam Mac dil difiu thuan lgi la chiing ta cd nfin tang viing chae cua giao due gia dinh, Clia xa hdi va cua cac doan the quin 46 So 8(74) ndm 2015 chung \ a cac tac dgng tich cue ctia moi trudng dai hgc: do, vific ren luyfin thai cung dat nhung ket qua khich le nhung \iec giao due ren luyen thai dp cho giang vifin tre cd he thdng la mpt vific can thiet Ndi tdm lai ket qua dao tao va ren luyfin giang vifin tre la viec Iam ddi hoi cdng siic, thdi gian va lien bac ciia ca nha trudng lin giang vien trfi Day la mdt viec lam cin su phdi hgp ciia ca hai phia (nha irudng va giang vien Ire) thi mdi dat hieu qua cao Day cimg la nhiem \ai ciia nha trudng va giang vien tre ddi vdi dat nudc va nhan dan Mdt difiu can ndi them la viec dao tao ren luyen rat khd khan, phire tap nfin cae trudng dai hgc ciing can co nhimg quy dinh giup vific sir dung giang vifin Ire dat hieu qua cao nhat, khdng nen dfi giang vien tre xem dai hgc la noi lam dimg chan dfi nang cao trinh d mot giai doan nhat dinh cua cudc ddi Kit luan Vific dao lao, bdi dudng nghe da> hgc cho giang vifin tre tai cac irudng su pham la can thiet vi noi day dao tao giao vifin giang day d lat ea eac trudng thdng Khi chiing ta cd mot dpi ngu giang vifin tre viing vfi chinh In, gidi ve chuyen mdn, thao nghiep vu, cd thai dung din ddi vdi xa hpi, cdng ddng, gia dinh va ban than thi nhung hpc sinh dupc dao tao d Irudng phd thdng se vira hong vira ehuyfin TAP CHI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Dodn Van Dieu TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Le Van Hdng va cgng su (1995), Tdm li hoc lira tuoi vd tdm li hoc sic phgm Ha Npi Luu Xuan Mdi (2000), Li lugn dgy hoc dgi hoc Nxb Giao due Joanne Brown (1992), The Definition of a Profession: the Authority of Metaphor in Ihe History of InteUigence Testing 1890-1930 Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, p 19 Goldhaber, Dan - Anthony, Emily (2003), Indicators of Teacher Quality ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban Education New York NY Kenneth T Henson & Ben F Eller (1999), Ediicalional Psychology for Effective Teaching Belmont, CA; Wadsworth Publishing Company J A Jackson (2010), Professions and Profe.ssionalizalion Volume Sociological Studies Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.23-24 Magali Sarfatti Larson (1978), The Rise of Professionalism: a Sociological Analysis Berkeley, Califomia: University of Califomia Press, p.208 (Ng^y Tda sogn nh^n du-oc bai: 16-12-2014; ng^y phan bien danh gia 04-02-2015 ng^ych^p nhSn dang 25-8-2015) ... din hgc tap de glang vien co the Dodn Van Dieu nang cao qua trinh tu bac cao va hgc tap; Dua nhting thong tin ve cac ehien lugc nhan thiic bac cao long quat va theo ITnh vuc cu the va each chiing... nang Dilu mong mu6n cao hon la thong qua quy dinh nay, nha truong cin co bien phap kich thich ldng say me hgc tap su6t dai ciia lop giang vien tre Ngoai viec hgc tap de nang cao trinh chuyfin mon,... vifin dugc giao cho nhiem vu chi hgc ngoai ngtr mpt thdi gian cin thiet va bao cao kfit qua vao cudi khda hgc Ndng cao tay nghe gidng day cho gidng vien tre Giang vifin tre duge hpc cac mdn Tam