PHAN MINH PHUNG NHU''''NG BUOC TI^N MOI TRONG VIEC BAO D A M QUY^N HOC TAP COA NGUOI DAN TOC THiiU S6 6" VIET NAM HIEN NAY PHAN MINH PHUNG''''* TOM TAT Viit Nam li mit quoc gia thong nhat gim 54 din tge anh[.]
PHAN MINH PHUNG NHU'NG BUOC TI^N MOI TRONG VIEC BAO D A M QUY^N HOC TAP COA NGUOI DAN TOC THiiU S6 6" VIET NAM HIEN NAY PHAN MINH PHUNG'* TOM TAT Viit Nam li mit quoc gia thong nhat gim 54 din tge anh em, dd cd 53 din tge thiiu si, chiim khoang 14,3% din si ci nwde Bio dim cic quyin cua ngwd din tde thiiu so dwgc Dang vi Nhi nwde Viit Nam xac djnh li mdt wu tien eao cic chwang trinh hanh dgng cua quic gia Trong so cie quyin ea ban cOa ngwdi din tdc thiiu so, quyen hgc tip ddng vai trd rit quan trgng Nhi nwde ghi nhin quyin hgc tip eua cdng din Hiin phip vi ding thd Nha nwde dit minh vao nghTa vg twang Ong la bao dam cic diiu kign can thiit eho viee thue hien quyen Nhd vgy, ngwd din tie thiiu so mi dgc biit li tri em, hgc sinh di cd nhiiu ca hii tiep can va thg hwdng quyin hgc tip, tao nin nhdng bwdc tien mdi, dwgc nhiiu quie gia vi to chOe quic ti danh gii ii nwde ed nhCing tgy dang ke ve giao dge, dio tgo so vd nhiiu nwde cd thu nhap tinh theo diu ngwd twang dwong I.DATVANDE Vtec thy hudng cae quyen cda eon ngudi it nhlt phy thuOe vao trinh dO gido dye toi thilu Vdi dae thQ Id quoe gia ed den 53 ddn tOc thilu s l , ehinh sdeh dan tge eua Vigt Nam xuyen suit nhieu nam qua Id chdm lo eho sy nghidp gido dye dan tde, tdng budc xda bd cde rdo edn nham bdo ddm vd thdc dly ngudi dan tdc thieu so, dgc bidt Id tre em, hpc sinh thyc hidn quyen hge tgp, ndng eao nang luc, trinh dO, ddp ung yeu d u phdt triln kinh t l xa hOi cQa vdng Den nay, gido dye vung ddn tOe da ed nhieu khdi sdc, ngudi ddn vQng dong bao dan tdc thieu so da tung budc dugc tiep can va thy hudng nen giao dye ed chat lugng eao hon NHU'NG BU-aC TIEN TRONG C H I N H SACH GIAO DUC DAN TOC THiEU S6 2.1 Ngi lugt hoa, ghi nhgn day dQ cac quy djnh cua phap lugt quic te v l quyen hgc tap cua ngudi dan tge thieu so vao phap luat quoc gia Trong Ijch su cdch mgng Viet Nam gan 70 ndm qua, quyln hpc tdp cua cdng ddn ludn dugc nha nyde ghi nhgn, bdo ddm vd bdo vd Nhd nyde ta dd nOi ludt hda, ghi nhgn day du cde quy djnh cQa phdp ludt quoe te ve quyen hge tgp cua edng ddn ndi chung vd ngydi dan tde thieu so ndi rieng vdo phdp lugt quoc gia, thilt ldp vd hodn thien the chl phap IJ vd quyln hpc tdp, tao co sd phdp IJ Quyln hgc tap cd J nghTa to Idn ddi vdi ed nhan, ddn tdc va quoc gia Quyen ndy dem Igi cho cd nhan kha ndng quyet ^nh Idn hon doi vdi cuOc song cua bdn than, vd dde bigt, kiem sodt dugc tdc ddng cua cdc hanh vi eua nhd nude doi vdi ed nhdn (Mai Hong QuJ, 2011) o i l vdi ngudi ddn tdc thilu so, quyln hgc tgp Id mgt edng ey thilt yeu d l bdo t i n va phdt huy ban sle vdn hda cua hg Thgc sT Tn^ng Cin bd quin ly giio dye Thinh ph6 Ho Chi Minh 97 TAP CHl KHOA HQC QUAN L t GlAO DUG ddy dd va rd rdng cho edng dan thye hidn quyln hpc tap eua minh Trong nam ban Hien phdp, cdc quyen eo ban eua ngydi, dd ed quydn hpe tap dygc the hten cang tot hon Not dung lidn quan din quydn hge tap dyge ghi nhdn Hien phdp the hien rd sy cam kit cua nha nydc v l bao ddm, bdo vd quyen hge tap, phu hgp vdi nhdng quy djnh cua Dieu 26 Tuyen ngdn nhdn quydn va Oilu 23, 14 Cdng ydc qudc te v l cde quyen kinh t l , van hda va xd hot Ben canh vide ghi nhan, cam kit bao dam quydn hpc tap cua cdng ddn ty phia nha nydc, Hiln phap cdn tgo dyge eo chl de kiem sodt vide to chdc thye hien nham bao vd quyen hge tdp trdn thye t l theo nhung nguyen tae tiln bd da dugc thua nhdn chung tren todn the gidi, qua giQp edng ddn Viet Nam ndi chung vd cdng ddn Id ngudi ddn tdc thieu sd thyc hien day du quyen hgc tap cua ban than Tren co sd Hien phap, phdp ludt Vidt Nam tilp tyc cy the hda eae quyen nay, phu hgp vdi cde chuan myc phap IJ quoe te ve quyen dugc gido dye Ngoat eae van ban phap lugt quy (^nh v l cdc bidn phdp, dilu kidn bdo dam, bao vd quyln hgc tap cua cdng dan ndi chung, nhd nydc Viet Nam edn quan tam, ehu trgng din quydn cua ngudi ddn tdc thieu sd ITnh vyc gido dye vd ddo tgo qua vide ban hdnh cdc van ban rieng, cht dilu ehfnh mdt nOi dung ndo nhdm dam bdo dieu kidn eho ngudi ddn tdc thilu so tiep can vdi nen gido dye qudc gia, thye hidn quyln hpc tap va dugc hudng chat lugng gido dye ngang bdng theo tieu chuin cda nen gido dye qude gia 2.2 To chirc dwgc he thong thilt che du nang luc bao dam va bao ve quyen hgc tap cua ngudi dan tge thilu so Mae dQ chua ed co quan nhan quyen quoc gia, d Viet Nam da hinh thdnh hd thong thilt chl bdo ddm, bao ve quyen ngudi s l 03/2014 bao gom sy tham gia cua nhilu co quan, t l chue he thong ehinh tri- Bdn canh dd cdn cd cde t l chue phi chinh phu cQng gdp phan quan trgng vdo vide hd trg, gidm sdt vide thue hidn quyen ngudi ndi ehung va quyen hgc tap cQa ngudi dan tOc thieu s l ndt ridng d Viet Nam Nhlm bao dam, bdo ve cde quyen ngudi ndi chung, quyen hge tap ndi ridng, Hiln phdp nam 2013 cua nudc ta da ghi nhdn hai nguydn tae quan trgng: (1) Nha nudc bdo dam va phat huy quyen ldm ehu cQa Nhdn dan; cdng nhan, tdn trgng, bao ve va bdo dam quyen ngudi, quydn cdng ddn; (ii) d nyde Cdng hda xa hdi ehu nghTa Vidt Nam, cac quyen ngydi, quyln edng dan ve chinh tri, ddn sy, kinh t l , vdn hda, xa hdi dygc cdng nhan, tdn trgng, bao vg, bdo ddm theo Hiln phap va phdp ludt Quyen ngydi quyln cdng dan chl cd the bj hgn ehe theo quy djnh cua ludt trydng hgp d n thilt vi IJ qude phdng, an ninh quoc gia trat ty, an todn xa hOi, dao ddc xd hdl, sde khde cua cdng dong 2.3 Chat lu'g'ng giao due d cac cap hgc duo'c quan tam, tao dieu kien dam bao hgc sinh ngudi dan tdc thilu so thuc hien quyen hoc tap Chat lygng gido due d cde d p hge v l trinh dp ddo tao ed tien bd Trinh dO hilu bidt, nang lyc tidp cdn tri thdc mdi cQa hpe sinh, sinh vidn ngudi dan tdc thilu so dugc nang cao mOt bude Phdt trien giao dye va ddo tgo da ehuyen theo hudng dap dng ngdy cdng tdt hon nhu cau phdt trien kinh t l - xd hgi, khoa hgc vd cdng nghd vung ddn tOe Theo dd, Nha nude cd chinh sdch uu tien dau tu phdt triln gido due mim non d viing dan tde; tdng byde thyc hidn doi mdi npi dung, phyong phdp gido due mam non theo nguyen tac bdo dam dong bO, phu hgp, tien tiln, gan vdi dot mdi gido due thdng, PHAN MINH PHUNG chuan bj tot cho tre vdo Idp Cde dja phyong vQng dan tOc da phoi hgp vdi cac nganh qudn ly tot edng tae tiem ehung, vd sinh, phdng djch bdnh cde eo sd gido due mam non; doi mdi hinh thde to chdc edc dd tuoi, chyong trinh Idp mdu gido ghep dp tuoi Van d l triln khai day tilng Viet eho tre em tuoi mam non dyge cde ^ a phyong quan tdm Trdn eo sd hydng dan eua Bd Gido dye vd Ddo tgo, ede dja phyong da trien khai cd hidu qud tdi lieu hydng ddn chuan tilng Viet eho tre vung dan tdc thilu s l , dam bdo chuan Tilng Vidt cho 100% tre mau gido tuoi tgi ede co sd gido dye mdm non Mpt so dja phyong da bidn sogn tdi lieu phQ hgp vdi vQng miln, quan tdm sd dyng vdn hda dja phyong vide thyc hidn chyong trinh gido dye mim non (Ldo Cai, Son La, Ninh Thudn, Yen Bdi, Sde Trang) Vige bo tri gido vien la ngudi dan tge thieu s l de ho trg ban dau eho tre d cac Idp miu gido bd (3 - tuoi) dugc ehQ trgng Cde to chdc nhu Mgt trgn To quic Vidt Nam, Hdi Lidn higp Phy nu Viet Nam, Hpi Khuyin hpe Vigt Nam, ede to ehue, dodn t h i khac cung tham gia tieh eye vao phdt trien giao dye mim non, vdn dpng tre em din nha tre, Idp mau giao, tang eudng biln, eung d p kiln thue eham sde, gido dye tre ddn tdng gia dinh, phdng trdnh tai nan thuong tieh cho trd d cdc co sd gido dye mdm non Ndm hpe 2009 - 2010, cd nudc ed 505.552 tre ngudi dan tdc dugc tham gia vdo hgc cae Idp nhd trd, mam non (Vu Ke hogeh Tai ehlnh BO Gido dye vd Dao tgo); thi den nam hge 20132014, ea nude ed 979.167 tre ngudi ddn tdc dugc tham gia vdo hpc cde Idp nhd tre mau gido mdu gido tuli, tang 93.6%, dd ty Id tre mau gido tuoi duge huy ddng Idp d l ehuan b| vdo idp dat Id 96,8% (Tdl lidu HOi nghj triln khai nhidm vy nam hge 2013 - 2014 doi vdi giao dye ddn tde) Gido due tieu hge dugc ngdnh gido due edc dja phuong quan tam, dli mdi phuong phap giang dgy, kiem tra, ddnh gia hgc sinh; thyc hidn ed hidu qua eae giai phap tang eydng Tieng Viet cho hgc sinh ddn tdc thilu so; to chdc day hge buoi/ngdy phu hgp vdi didu kien thye te nhdm tang thdi lygng cho hgc sinh dyge hge tap, vui choi, ren luygn tgi trydng; to chdc eho t i t ed hpc sinh Idp dyge hge cd ngdy, buoi tap tmng dn tap kiln thdc da hg d buoi va to chdc nhieu hogt ddng tdng eydng khd nang giao tiep tieng Viet eho hge sinh dan tde thieu so, dong thdi Id bidn phap tri so lygng, dam bao ty le hgc sinh chuyen d n Cde dja phyong eung thye hidn tdt nhigm vy tuyen truyin, van ddng nang eao nhdn thde cQa ede d p , cac nganh vd nhdn ddn ddi vdi vide thyc hidn quydn hgc tap eua hgc smh dan tge thieu so Ca hgi hge tap cQa tre em vQng dan tge dyge bao dam bdng ty Id tre em di hpc binh quan tang hdng nam Ngodi ra, d l bdo dam chdt tygng dgy va hgc eho cac em hge sinh vQng ddng bdo ddn tdc thilu so duge t i t hon, ngdnh gido dye vd ddo tgo cdc dja phuong ludn quan tdm vigc t l chuc, ddo tao dpi ngQ gido vidn can ban, nhdt Id tgi edc vung khd khan Dong thdi, thyc hidn vide dieu dOng ede gido vidn gidi, cdt edn eae bO mdn din cae trudng vung eao, vung khd khan true tidp giang dgy mdt thdi gian de giQp dd co sd doi mdi vd ndng cao phuong phap day hpe Ngodi ra, de khac phye tinh trang bd hpe, nhidu dja phuong da thyc hien phuong chdm dua trudng, Idp hpc din vdi hgc sinh vQng dan tge Thdng qua cde dy an gido dye tieu hge eho hgc sinh vung ddn tdc, hang nghin cdng trinh nudc, khu vd sinh duge xdy dung va dua vdo sd dyng; ede eo sd vdt ehat, trang thiet bj day hge dyge trang bj ddy du, chu ddo: phdng mdy tinh, mdy in, mdy photocoppy, mdy fox, dien thoai, bang chong Ida, ban ghl hgc sinh, thu vien., Vdi hudng di, cdch ldm hidu qud do, din nay, he thong trudng Idp, diem trudng le bdc tilu hgc d vung ddn tOc dd dugc xdy dung tyong TAP CHl KHOA HOC QUAN L t GlAO DUC dot hodn ehinh td d p xd, thdn, ban, budn Idng, phum sde khdng edn tinh trgng bdn trang v l gido dye tieu hgc Nam 2000, Viet Nam da cam kit phln dau dgt dyge tdm mue tieu phdt trien thidn nidn kJ (dygc ghi bdn Tuyen ngdn Thidn nien ky cQa Lidn hgp quoe nam 2000) vdo nam 2015 Trong cae myc tieu nay, cgp gido dye tieu hgc la mOt nhdng mye tieu md Viet Nam da dat dyge nhdng tiln bd ddng ke, den cuoi ndm 2013, da ed 61/63 tinh, thdnh da dat ehuIn cap tieu hge dung dO tuli d p dd I, ty Id nhdp hpc d d p tieu hge da dat 97,7% (Thdng tin xd Vigt Nam, 2013) Ddy Id thdnh tich vd cQng to Idn xult phdt diem cda Vidt Nam Id thap so vdi ede nyde khdc trdn t h i gidl Chat lygng gido dye doi vdi hgc sinh tieu hgc vQng ddn tOc thilu so da ed nhdng ehuyen bien tieh cyc Hidn tugng hgc sinh "ngoi nham Idp" duge khde phye; tieu cyc vige kiem tra, thi dugc dly 101 Theo bdo cdo cQa Vy giao dye dan tde, chat lugng edc mdn Todn, Tieng Vidt ndm hpc 2013 2014 tai vQng dan tOc thieu s l ed sy chuyin bien theo hudng tang, ey the, mdn Tieng Vidt, gidi 25,8%; khd 27,3%; trung binh 43%, ylu chi cdn 3,9%; mdn Todn, gidi 29,5%; khd 30,6%; trung binh 36,7%, yeu ehf edn 3,2% (Tdi ligu HOi nghj trien khai nhigm vy ndm hpe 2013 - 2014 doi vdi gido dye ddn tOc) Gido dye trung hpc vung ddn tdc thilu s l , ede dja phuong bdo ddm s l tuin dgy hge theo ehuong trinh gidm tdi, du so mdn, so tilt/mdn theo ehuan kien thdc, kJ ndng cOa ehuong trinh; tiep tye doi mdi phuong phdp dgy hpc, kilm tra, danh gid phQ hgp vdi dli tugng hgc sinh dan tdc thieu so, mien nui; thyc hign nghiem tQc, cd hidu qud cdng tde phy dgo hge sinh yeu kem; tuyln chgn boi dudng hpc sinh gidi Idp 9, 11, 12; chQ trpng cdng tdc giao dye tu tudng, tdm IJ, dgo due, gid tri song, ky ndng sdng cho hpc sinh Hau S l 03/2014 het cde em hgc sinh dan tdc ndi tru cd phlm chat dgo due tot, giu gin duge ban sde van hda cQa ddn tdc minh, ding thdt tilp thu ede net dep vdn hda ung xd vdn minh, tien tien thdng qua cdc hogt ddng cua nhd trudng; chat lugng day vd hgc d cdc tinh mien nQi vd ddn tge ngdy edng duge cdi thien Trong nam hge 2013 - 2014, hpe sinh ddn tpc thieu s l dd tieh cye tham gia vd dgt gidi cao nhieu cuOc thi Hinh thdc dgy hge "thdng qua di sdn" phO hgp vdi doi tugng hgc sinh ddn tdc thilu s l da dugc trien khai tren phgm vi todn quoc Ket qua xIp loai hanh kiem dli vdi hgc sinh bac trung hgc co sd: t i t 66,7%; khd: 24,8%; tmng binh 8,1%, y l u 0,4%; kit qud xep loai hpe lye: gidi 5,6%; khd 27,9%; trung binh 57% yeu 9,1%; kem 0,4% Ket qud xep loai hanh kiem dli vdi hge sinh b$c trung hge thdng: tot 63,8%; khd: 29,2%; trung binh 6,2%, ylu 0,8%; kit qud xIp toat hge lye: gidi 2,3%; khd 25,8%; trung binh 53,7%, y l u 16,9%; kdm 1,7% (Tai ligu Hpi nghj triln khai nhiem vu nam hge 2013 2014 doi vdi giao dye ddn tdc) De dam bao eho hge sinh vung ddn tOc thyc hien quydn hpe tdp cao hon (trong mdi trydng trung d p chuyen nghigp, eao dang, dgi hpc, trdn dai hge), vigc t l chdc md hinh dy bi dai hgc nhdm cho cdc em hpc sinh dan tdc thilu so da tham gia ky tht dgi hpe chinh quy hang nam nhyng khdng do, dyge xdt vdo hge dy bj dgi hgc mdt nam trydc vdo hgc ehlnh thuc tgi cdc chuydn ngdnh ddo tgo tgi eae trudng dgi hge, cao dang, trung d p chuydn nghidp Day cung Id mdt uu tien ridng nha nude ddnh eho hgc sinh dan tdc thilu s l nham tao dieu kien cho hg dugc tilp cgn nen gido dye cao hon Thye hidn chinh sdeh ed tuyen nhlm ddo tao ddi ngu tri thdc ddn tge thieu so de tdng eudng dOi ngu d n bg cho cde ti'nh mien nQi, vung sau, vQng xa, vQng ddc bigt khd khan, gdp phln nang eao dan tri thyc hien myc tidu xda ddi giam ngheo bin vung cua ede dja phuong Nhieu PHAN MINH PHUNG nam qua, hang van hge sinh ngudi ddn tOc da duge thu budng chinh saeh ed tuyen, vdo hpe tgi cde trudng dgi hgc, cao dang, tmng d p ehuyen nghiep, ddp dng mdt phan ydu d u bdc thilt v l cdn bd td ngudi ddn tOc d vQng eao, vung sdu, vdng xa, vung cd dilu kign kinh te - xa hdi dde biet khd khan, gdp phan tieh cyc vdo su nghigp phdt trien Chung, xod ddi, gidm ngheo, bao dam an ninh quoe phdng d vdng dong bdo dan tdc va mien niii Sau nam, tu nam hpc 2007 - 2008 den nay, tong so hpe sinh duge eu tuyln vdo cde trudng dai hge, eao ddng la 12.805 hgc sinh, so vdi tong cht tieu 14.602, dat 88% So hgc sinh ed tuyen vdo cdc trudng trung d p ehuyen nghidp tren 2.000 em Id eon em dan tge thieu so eua 55/63 tfnh thdnh Trong tong sd 12.805 hpe sinh cu tuyen vdo cae trudng dai hpc, cao dang, cd 83,9 % hpe sinh vdo 72 trudng dai hge; 16,1% hgc sinh vdo 32 trudng cao ddng va 2.000 hgc sinh vdo 25 trudng trung d p chuyen nghigp (Thdng t i n xa Viet Nam, 2013) Trdn dja bdn cd nudc, cdc dja phuong dd cu eon em eae ddn tdc thilu so thudc 48/54 ddn tdc di hpc tai cdc trudng Cy the Id: ddn tdc Thdi chiem 15,17%, Khmer chiem 12,46%, Tdy chiem 9,59%, Hmdng chiem 8,04%, Dao chiem 5,58% Do edc dieu kidn khdch quan, mdt so dan tpc nam ehi cd dudi 10 hpc sinh eu tuyln nhu: dan tdc Co, Mdng, Ro Mam, Colao, Gie-Trieng, Cong, Pd Then, LdId vd ed dan tdc ehua cd hpc sinh cu tuyen nhu: Brdu, La Hu, Ly, Ngdi, Qdu Siia MOt mOt so dan tpc tJ tg hpc sinh ed tuyln ngdy mdt tang nhu: Van Kieu, Chdm, Khdng, Pd then, Td di, Xinh Mun Cdc ddn tpc ndy tu trude ndm 2006 chua cd hpe sinh duge cu tuyen, da duge edc dja phuong cu di hge Sd hpc sinh, sinh vien cd tuyen da dugc bo tri vdo hpe eae trydng dgi hpe, eao dang tap trung dang kJ vdo hpc ede nhdm ngdnh: su phgm chiem 23,03 %; y te chiem 25,96 %; ky thugt chiem 15,55%; ndng ldm chilm 12.91%; kinh t l chilm 16,82%; xa hpi nhdn vdn chiem 5,11%; nghe thudt - the dye the thao chiem 0,61% (BO Gido dye vd Odo tao, 2012) Oe tao (Sdu kidn cho ngudi ddn tOe thieu so duge ddo tgo nghi, nhung nam gin day, nhd nude dd ban hdnh mdt so chinh sdeh hd trg ddo tgo nghe ngdn ban, tin dyng, hpc bong, trg d p xa hgi vd cde chinh saeh khdc nhu hgc sinh trung hpc thdng dan tdc nOi tru Trong he thing gido due quic ddn, ngodi gido dye ehlnh quy cdn cd gido dye thudng xuyen Oe thyc hign higu qud nhidm vu gido dye thudng xuydn vQng ddn tdc thieu so, edc trung tdm hpc tap cpng ding duge hinh vd phdt trien So lugng ngudi tham gia hge tap tgi trung tam hgc tdp d n g dong trung tam hgc tgp cgng ding nam 2008 ed 17.661.650 lugt ngudi, den ndm 2013 ed 19.417.377 lugt ngudi (Mgnh Xudn, 2014) 2.4 Quy mo mang luo'i truang lap chuyen biet danh cho hgc sinh ngud*! dan toe thieu so dug^c dau tu, phat trien ca ve so luo'ng va chat lu'g'ng, dam bdo cho hgc sinh dan tge thieu s6 d l dang thyc hien quyen tiep cdn giao dye Ndm hd thong cdc trudng phi thdng cdng lap eua ca nudc, hd thong trudng thdng ddn tOc ndi trQ dugc xde djnh ed vj tri mui nhgn sy nghidp giao dye vung dan tOe va mien nQi, vide tgo nguin cdn bd Id ngudi ddn tde Hidn nay, hg thong trudng ddn tdc ndi tru ed budc phdt trien sau rdng Nam hgc 2013 - 2014, hg thing trudng phi thdng dan tOc ndi trQ tiep tyc eung d vd phdt triln ve quy md, mgng ludi, dap dng t i t nhu d u dao tao nguon nhdn lye cd chit lugng cho vung ddn tOe thieu so Din nay, trudng thdng dan tOc nOi tru dugc thdnh lap d 50 tinh, thdnh trye thuOc Trung uong vdi 304 trudng, bao TAP CHJ KHOA HQC QUAN L t GlAO DUC gdm: 03 trudng true thudc Bd Gido dye vd Ddo tgo, 50 trudng d p tfnh, 251 trudng d p huyen Hdu hit cde finh, huyen d miln nQi, vung ddn tge ddu ed trudng thdng ddn tdc ndi tni, mdt so dja phuong cd tm'dng lien huydn, trudng cum xa Tong so hpc sinh ddn tde ndi trd todn qude Id: 86.708 hpc sinh (tang hon 3000 hpc sinh so vdi nam hpc 2011 - 2012) So hpc sinh trung hgc co sd 55.314 hge sinh; s l hoc sinh thdng tmng hge Id 31.394 hge sinh, tang 2700 hgc sinh so vdi nam hgc trude (Vy Gido dye Dan tOc, 2014) Cung vdi he thong trudng thdng dan tpc ndi tni mgng ludi trudng thdng dan tdc ban tni duge phat triln ca vd quy md, sd lugng Hidn nay, toan qudc 26 ti'nh thdnh lap vdi ed 797 trudng, dd, 228 trudng tieu hgc vdi 29.849 hgc sinh ban tru; 110 trudng thdng co sd vdi 25.250 hgc sinh ban tni; 459 trudng thdng tmng hge vdi 73.546 hgc sinh ban tni ,03/2014 phQ) cd Quyet djnh so 53/CP, ng^V 22/2/1980 ve chu tnrong doi vdi chd viet cua edc dan tOe thilu so, da tgo dieu kien cho edc nhd nghien edu khoa hpe, nhd van hoa, nha nghien edu ddn tdc tien hdnh La-tinh hoa each phat am ngdn ngu cda mdt so ddn tde Den nay, ed gin 30 ddn tOc ed chd viet Nhdm tgo didu kidn eho hgc sinh ddn tdc thieu so duge su dyng tidng me de de de dang tiep can vdi kidn thuc, nha nude da chd truong dua vao gidng dgy tilng ddn tde thieu so nhd trudng Todn quoc hidn ed 22 tinh, thdnh phd thye hidn day thd tilng dan tde thieu so tai 737 trydng, 118.786 Idp, 118.786 hgc sinh, bao gdm cdc tidng: Cham, Khmer, Edd, Bahnar, Jrai, Hmdng Rieng tieng Hoa dang day thi diem (Vy Giao due Dan tdc, 2014) Theo thdng kd chua ddy du cua Bd Gido dye va Odo tgo nam hpc 2000 - 2001 ea nude ed 24 tfnh da thdnh lap trudng Bdn trQ dan nudi d bac tieu hpc va 20 tinh d bdc tmng hpc co sd, dd bdc tieu hge cd 639 tm-dng vdi 39.959 hpe sinh bdc tmng hpe eo sd cd 296 trudng vdi 20.736 hpc sinh Den nay, tai 31 ti'nh tren cd nude cd den 699 xa cd de xult md trudng Bdn tni ddn nudi Ben cgnh vide dya tieng dan tde thieu so vao giang day cho hgc sinh, cdc dja phyong da trien khai nghiem tuc nOi dung Chl thj 38/2004/CT-TTg cua Thu tydng Chinh phu v l ddo tao, bdi dyong tieng dan tdc thieu s l eho cdn bO, gido vien edng tde tai vQng dan tdc thieu so Nam hge 2013 - 2014, toan quoc cd 29 tinh t l chdc day tilng ddn tde thieu so cho can bd, gido vien, gom 21 thd tidng dan tge thilu sd, 74 Idp hgc vd 3.565 hgc vidn theo hgc Kit thQc khda hge, cac hgc vien se cd the sd dung dyge eo ban tieng ddn tOe thieu sd d l phuc vu edng tde, giang day (Vu Giao dye Ddn tdc, 2014) 2.5 Tieng dan tge thieu so duo'c dua vao giang day nha truo'ng, tao didu kien cho hgc sinh dan toe thieu so duo'c su dung tilng me de de de dang tiep can vdi kien thuc 2.6 Che do, chinh sach uu tien doi vdi hgc sinh, sinh vien vung dan tge dugc tang cudng, qua tao dieu kien cho ngudi dan tge thieu so thyc hien quyen hoc tap mot each day du Trudc day, s l 54 dan tdc thilu s l d Viet Nam, chf ed ddn tOe Hoa, Cham, Khmer Id ed san tieng ndi vd chu vidt ridng, cdn lai hau bet eae ddn tdc thilu so khde chf ed tilng ndi ma chua cd chu viet rieng Tu sau HOi dong Bd frudng (nay Id Chinh Quan diem cQa Dang vd Nha nudc ta v l chinh sdch giao due ddn tdc dygc quan tam tu dau thdnh lap nudc Trong Hidn phdp dau tien cQa nude ta, Hiln phdp 1946 da quy djnh: "Ngoai sy binh dang ve quyen Igi, nhung quoe ddn thilu so dugc giup PHAN MINH PHUNG ve mgi phuong didn de chdng tien kjp trinh dO ehung" Cham lo gido dye ddo tgo, boi dudng, phat trien ndng lyc vd ky nang eho hgc sinh ngudi ddn tdc thieu s l d cdc d p hge Id mOt nhung ehu tmong Idn eua Ddng vd Nhd nude nhdm thyc hidn ehinh sdeh dan tde, xdy dyng vd phat triln kinh te xa hdi vQng dong bao dan tdc thilu so, thue hidn cdng bing gido due Trong khoang thdi gian 10 nam trd Igi day, Nha nudc da ban hdnh nhieu chu truong chinh sdch d l phdt trien kinh te xd hpi mien nQi, vung dong bdo dan tOe Uiilu so dd ed eae chinh sdch lien quan din giao dye vQng ddn tdc Trong do, cd the ke den edc ehinh sdch co bdn nhu: chinh sdch ve md trudng, Idp, dau tu eae dieu kien phye vy cdng tde day vd hpe cQa hpc sinh vQng ddn tdc, thdnh lap va phdt triln he thong trudng thdng dan tge ndi trQ; chinh sdeh ve tuyen sinh doi vdi hpc sinh dan tdc vdo ede trudng thdng ddn tOc nOi tni; chinh sach ve to chue giang day vd gido dye doi vdi hpe sinh dan tpc tai cdc trudng thdng dan tdc ngi tiii; chinh sdch ve hpe bong dli vdi hge sinh ddn tOc thieu s l ; chinh sdeh ve mien gidm hge phi doi vdi hge sinh dan tOe thilu so; chinh sdch ve trg d p xa hgi doi vdi hgc sinh dan tdc thieu so; vd mdt so chinh sdch uu tidn khdc nhu: ho trg trang d p hidn vat; ho trg tien tau, xe; ho trg hge pham; mugn sach giao khoa; hd trg eho tet Nguyen ddn, t i t Dan tOe; boat ddng van the; bdo vg sue khoe; uu tien d ky tiic xd; uu tien qud trinh dao tgo 2.7 Cong bang xa hoi giao due vung dan too t h i l u so duoc cai thien ddng ke Cdng bdng xd hOi gido dye Id mOt mye tieu eo bdn cua giao due Vidt Nam Trong nhung nam qua, nhd nude da ban hanh nhilu chinh sdch nhdm tao co hdi tilp can vdi giao dye ed chit lugng eho edc tang Idp nhdn dan, ddc biet ngudi ddn vQng ddn tdc thilu so Tre em ngudi ddn tOe thieu so thudc gia dinh ngheo, ddc bidt khd khdn, bj khuylt tdt duge chQti-gng.Vdn de binh dang hoc tap giua tre em gdi vd tre em trai dugc quan tam Vdi quyet djnh 2123/QOTTG eua Thu tudng Chinh phu phe duyet O l an phdt triln gido dye d l i vdi cdc ddn tOc rlt it ngudi giai doan 2010 - 2015, nhdn thuc cua cde d p uy dang, chinh quyen dta phuong, nganh glao dye vd xd hOi ve sy d n thilt phdi phat triln giao dye doi vdi dan tOe thilu so rat It ngudi da dugc ndng Idn Ben canh nhung tyu ndu tren, vide bdo ddm, thQc day quyen hge tdp cQa ngudi dan tdc thilu so d Viet Nam vdn cdn mpt so hgn chd Do vdy, d l tao dieu kidn cho ngudi dan tdc thilu so tilp can vd thy hudng day du quyen hgc tap, Viet Nam d n tiep tyc ed cde giai phap nhlm bdo dam thye thi quyen, dd vide thilt lgp cac co ehe nham dap dng bdn yeu d u eo bdn cQa quyen hge tgp gom tinh san sdng, tinh de tiep can, tinh thich ung va cd the chap nhdn duge eua quyen hge tgp tmdc yeu d u doi mdi can ban, todn dien cua nen gido due d n tiep tyc dugc nghidn euu, hodn thign TAI LIEU THAM K H A O Bd Gido dye vd Ddo tao (2012), Sao sa kit nam thue hign Nghi djnh si 134/2006/ND-CP cua Chinh phu, nam 2012 Chinh phu, Phdt triln trudng bdn trO dan nudi vQng dan tdc thieu so, epv.org.vn (trang tin dien td cua Chinh phu) Mai Hong Quy (2011), 77m hiiu vi Quyin dwgc giao due, Nxb Lao dOng - Xa hOi Manh Xudn (2014), Phit huy hiiu qua hogt ddng cOa trung tam hgc tap cgng ding Tong eye Thong ke Viet Nam (2009) TAP CHl KHOA HOC QUAN L t GlAO DUC S6 U3/2014 national action programs Among the basic rights of ethnic minorities, the educational right plays a very important role The State recognizes of citizens' educationalrightin the Vu Gido dye ddn tdc (2014), Tii lieu Hdi Constitution and the State places itself in the nghi trien khai nhiem vg nam hge 2013 corresponding obligation to ensure the 2014 doi vdi giao dgc din tde necessary conditions for the exercise of the VQ Phugng (2013), Cw tuyin vio dai hgc right Thus, ethnic minority people, especially - eao ding: 48/54 dan tdc cd hgc sinh dwgc children, students have many opportunities cw tuyen to access and enjoy their educational right New advancements have been created and ABSTRACT Vietnam is assessed by many countries and Vietnam is a unity country consisting of 54 international organizations as a country ethnic groups, of which there are 53 ethnic which gains significant achievements in minorities, accounting for 14.3% of the education and training more than many national population Ensuring the rights of countries with a per capita income as same ethnic minorities is identified by the Party and as Vietnam the State of Vietnam as a high priority in the Thdng tin xd Viet Nam (2013), Viet Nam thge hign thinh edng phi egp giio dge tieu hgc 18/12/2013 ... hgc Nam 2000, Viet Nam da cam kit phln dau dgt dyge tdm mue tieu phdt trien thidn nidn kJ (dygc ghi bdn Tuyen ngdn Thidn nien ky cQa Lidn hgp quoe nam 2000) vdo nam 2015 Trong cae myc tieu nay, ... ethnic minorities is identified by the Party and as Vietnam the State of Vietnam as a high priority in the Thdng tin xd Viet Nam (2013), Viet Nam thge hign thinh edng phi egp giio dge tieu hgc 18/12/2013... edng ddn Viet Nam ndi chung vd cdng ddn Id ngudi ddn tdc thieu sd thyc hien day du quyen hgc tap cua ban than Tren co sd Hien phap, phdp ludt Vidt Nam tilp tyc cy the hda eae quyen nay, phu hgp