NGHIlN CUU-TRAO Bdi DOI MOII CHINH SACH, PHAP LUAT , , VE QUYEN HOC TAP CUA NGlTdl DAN TOC THIEU SO BAO THI TIING* Trong sudt tign trinb cich mang Ding viNhi nadc ta ludn dinb su quan tim dgn quygn hpc tip cia mpi ngudi din, die biit quan tim dgn ddi tutfngia ngudi din tpc tiiigu sdbing h$ thdng cbinb sich, quy dinb phip luit die tbu; vi viy, thdi ^an qua, quygn bpc t ^ aia nguoi din eic din t0e thidu sdd nude ta di dpt dupc nbOngkgt qui dinggbi nb$n Tuy nhidn, ben canh nhdng kgt qui dpt dupe, bign nay, vigc bio dim qtiygn bpc t$p cia ngudi din t0c thigu sd vin dang ddi di$n vdl nhigu khd khin, tbicb thiic, dn phii tigp tpc dupc nghiin aiu, hpin thign Tdldida: Chinh sich; phip luat; quyen hpc tip; ngadi din t0c thidu sd TbeCommunistPartyofVietNamandtbeStatebavealwayspaidattentiontotiieri^ttoleam of all people Tbe ethnic minorities have been given a special care with a system of special policies and legislations There have been remarkable achievements relating to tbe right to learn ofthe ethnic minorities in our country over the past time In addition to tbe achieved results, tbe ensuring ofthe rig^t to learn ofthe ethnic minorities Is, however, hdng many difficulties and challenges and needs to be fiirther studied and promoted Keywords: Policies; legislation;rightto learn; ethnic minorities NGAYNH^: 05/5/2020 NGAYPHANBlBN,DANHGI/i: 12/6/2020 Qiinh sich, phip luit vi quyin hpc tip cfla ngufii din ttf c thiiu stf fi vift Nam hifn Viet Nam cfi 54 dan tfic, ttong din toe Kinh chigm da stf voi ty lg 85,3% (82.085.729 nguoi), cfin lai 53 din tfic Uiiiu so (DTTS) ? - - , „ - , o , „< Tjocc - ^1 xTuvm ty le 14,7% (14^123.255 ngum)- Nhung nam qua Dang va Nha nuoc ta da ban hanh nhieu cbinh sich, phip luat quan ttpng, die thfl ve giio due nhim bao dam quyin hpc tip cfla ngufli DTTS Hign phip nim 2013 ghi nhin: "Cflng din co quyin vi nghia vu Q NGiYDUY^F: 17/8/2020 hpc tip" (Digu 39) va " Nhi nufic uu tifn phat trign giio due vimg mign nfli, hai dio, vung ddng bao din tpc thiiu stf vi vimg cfi ^'*'" kif n kmh tg - xi hpi die bif t khfi khin" '»'*" ^l'' ^*'= "*' djmg d i dupc tiii chi cac vin ban phap luit khic, nhu: Luit Glio dpc nam 2019, Luat Pftd cap ejio due „.,„ ^^^ „ ^ ,331^ ^.^^g ^ „g^,gp „5n, 2014, Luat Giao due Dai hoc ^ j ^ 2OI8 Chmh phfl, cic bfii nganh di * ThS, Hpc vien Chinh trf khu vuc III TAP CHl QUAN Lf NHA NUOC - Sd 295 (8/2020) NGHIlN CUU-TRAO Bdi triin khai tuong ddi diy dfl, kip thfli cie qfly dinh cua phip luat vi hfi trp giio due vung DTTS Giai doan ta nim 2010 - 2017, Chinh phu vi cic bd, nginh da ban hanh 42 vin bin quy pham phip luit vi giio due DTTS vi cd hen quan dgn giio due DTTS tiieo thim quyin^ Chinh sich, phip lugt vg quygn hpc tip cua nguoi DTTS dupc thg hifn fi cac niifim: chinh sich vi npi dung, chucmg trinh giio due; ehinh sach diu tu hg ting giao due vimg DTTS; chinh sich tm Uen dfii vfii ngufii hpc li nguoi DTTS; chinh sich ddi vdi nhi giio, cin bd quin Iy giio due cfing tic fi tntfing chuygn bift, a vflng cfi dieu kifn kinh t i - xa hpi die bift khfi khin Hf thfing chinh sach, phip luit dupe ban hinh tiKmg dot day dfl, tao eo so phip ly bio dim quyin hpc tip cfla ngufii DTTS Thyc ttgng thpc hifn chinh sich, phip hiltviqiqr&ihpc tip cdangufii din ttfc thiiu stf a, NbOngkgt qua dat dupc Cung vol vifc thuc hifn chinh sach chung vi npi dung, chutmg trinh giio due qudc gia, cic Unh vflng DTTS cfin thue hien chinh saeh rieng, die thfl vi giio due, nhu chi'nh sich day Uing ndi, chfl vigt DTTS; cflng tic xfia mfl chfl; vifc ting cirong Ugng Vift cho hpc sinh Hifn nay, ci nufic chfnh thflc triin khai dgy va hpc thfl tiing DTTSttongcic tnrflng piid thflng (co chuong ttinh vi sich giio khoa Bfl Giio due vi Dio tao ban hinh) li: H'Mflng, Cham, Kho Me, Gia Rai, Ba Na, E Df fi 23 tinh, thittii phfi ci nuoc Cfing tie xfia mfl ehu cho dfing bio DTTS dat nhiifl kgt qui ding ghi nhin Trung binh mfii nim huy dfing dupe khoing 30.000 ngufli mfl ehu tu 15 - 60 tadi tham gia hpc cic Ifip xfia mfl ehu (ta lop - 3); huy dflng dupe 25.000 ngirfli da dupc cflng nhin bigt chfl (hpc hgt Ifip 3) vi nhflng ngufli dang hpc dfi Ifip 4, Ifip tham gia cic lop hpc giio due Uip tac sau biit chfl (tfl Ifip - 5) Tinh din ngiy 30/5/2018, ty If ngufli DTTS bigt ehu dfl tadi 15 - 60 la 92,55%' Viee chuan bi tigng Vift cho tre ngufii DTTS trufic vio Ifip I dupc hau hgt cic dia phuong chfl ttpng Mflt so dia phuong da tu bifn soan tii Ufu ehuan bi vi ting cuong Ugng Viet phfl hap vdi thuc t i cfla dia phuong, qua dd cd tie dung tdt vifc ehuan bi vfin Uing Viet eho tte Thue hifn ehinh sich vi diu ta co so vit chit giio due vflng DTTS: vfii su quan tim cfla Nhi nufic vi su co ging cua cic dia phirong diu ta eo so vat chit cho giio due vflng DTTS, hifn nay, 100% stf xi cfi trufing tiiu hpc, trung hpc eo so, dfi 84,6% trufing lop hpc dupc xiy dung kifn cfi; cie Ifip miu giao ciing bufie diu dupc hinh thinh va phat triin cie xi vflng cao 100% xa da dgt chuin phd cap tiiu hpe, nhiiu noi da dgt chuin phd cap trung hpc co so; cic trung tim giio due thuong xuygn dupc thinh lip o cic tinh vi huyen; tnmg tim hpc tip cfing ddng duoc thinh lap ohiu hgt cic xa ; he thdng truflng phd thdng din tflc npi tni, bin trfl dupc diu ta xiy dung Chit lupng giio due vflng DTTS ttmg bflfic dupe ning cao: ty If hpc sinh Ugu hpc DTTS hoan thinh chuong trinh Uiu hpc dgt 95%; tdt nghifp tmng hpc phd thfing qua cic nim dat ta 95,64%-99,8%1 Ci nirfic cfi tnmg tim dai hpc khu vuc: Tiy Bic, Dfing Bic, Tiy Nguyen vi Tay Nam Bfl Hf thfing trudng dio tgo nghi, truong cao ding dupc cung cd vi phit triin Toan qude cfi truong du hi dai hpe, I truong phd tiidng din tdc nfli trfl triic thuflc Bp Giio dpc vi Dio tgo efi dio tgo hf du hi dgi hpc din tpc va khoa du bi dai hpc din tflc^ Cic tnr&ng, khoa dp hi dai hpc d i vi dang thuc hifn ttft vifc tgo ngudn dio tao sinh vifn DTTS, dip flng yeu eiu bflc thiit vi dio tgo ein bd ngufii DTTS Thuc hifn chinh sich uu Uen ddi vfii nguoi hpe la ngufli DTTS: nhfi cfi nhiiu ehinh sich hfi ttp cfla Trung uong, dia pbuong, nhit li chinh sich eho hpc sinh nfli trfl, bin trfl, cip gao, hpc bdng, miin hpc TAP CHl Q U A N Lf N H A N U O C - Sd 295 (8/2020) NGHIEN CUU-TRAO Bdi tim dgn vigc day vi hpc Ugng DTTS nhi ttuong, chit lupng viec day va hpc tteng din toe ehua eao Da stf cicttuflngtiueugiao vien daytigngdin tflc, Uiiiu phuong ^?"' ™ dflng day hoc Hien nay, cfln 20,8% ty If nguoi DTTS chua doctiifing,viettiigoUgng Viet Cac nhfim DTTS gdm: Hi Nhi, Co Lao, Briu, Mfing, Ming, Lu, La Hu cfi tren 50% din so khflng biet chii^ Nhin chung, chit lupng hpc tip cua hpc sinh DTTS thip, cfln cfi su chgnh lecli Ifin vi chit Iupng giao due gifla hpc smli nguoi DTTS vi hpc sinh ngufii Kinh Mang lufii ttuong Ifip, diiu kien co sfi vft chit, thiit bi day hpc vimg DTTS van chua dipflngdupc yeu ciu phit triin va ning cao chit lupng giio due, bio dam quygn hpc tap cfla ngudi DTTS Cic chuong tnnh, du in hi trp, dau ta hg ting giio dpc vung DTTS tiiOi gian qua cfin gap nhiiu khd khin ve nguin luc thvtc hifn Nhiiu ehinh sich cfln ban chi, bit cgp vi ddi tupng dupc huong, dinh mue, thfii gian buong, phirong thtic ho ttp VI dp eie chi dfl Cfi nhiiu nguygn nhin din dgn nhflng hgn ehi ttfn, ttong dfi, nguygn nhan chfl ygu ttong Thfing ta sfi I09/2009/TTLT-BTCdo vflng DTTS cfi dia hinh mign nfli chia cit, BGDDT ngiy 29 / 5/2009 cfla Uen bp Tii chinh dan Cfl phan tin, nhiifl hu tue lac hau, trinh vi Giio due vi Dio tgo hufing din mflt sfi chi dfl dan tri khflng ddng diu tao nen itiiOng dfl tii chinh dfii vfii hpc smh cic trufing phd khd khin, bat cip ttong thuc hifn chinh sich thfing din tpc dgn ngy khflng cfln phil hpp ttp, diu ta phat triin giio due Vifc tayen nhung cham dupc digu ehinh, ban hinh mfii ttuyin cic chfl truong cfla Dang, ehinh sach, Mpt sfi ehinh sich dac thfl vi giao due o vflng phip luit cfla Nhi nufic vi bao dim quyin DTTS thuc hifn chua ttft, die bif t li eic chitih hpc tgp cfla ngudi DTTS chua hieu qua; vifc sich nhu: cfl tayin, dio tgo theo dia chi mac sfla ddi, ban hanh vin bin quy pham phip dfl rit thigt thue nhung tiiin khai cham, chit luat vi giio due din tpc cfin chim COng tie Iupng dio tao vi su dung ehua eao diiu tra, khao sit di ban hinh chinh sach Chinh sich doi vfii nhi giio vi cin bp chua thit cu thi, sit hpp voi eic vimg miin; quan ly giao due cfing tic eic truong ngudn lue diu tu cho giio due vimg DTTS chuygn bift, viing cfi diiu Men kinh t i - xa chua dap flng ygu ciu Mpt sd dia phuong hpi djc biet khd khin chua dong bp, cfin tin cfing tie ehi dao, td chflc thue hifn mgn nhigu vin bin khic Mpt sfi ehinh sich chua chit ehe, thigu su kiim tta, chinh sich chua dupc cic dia phuong thyc giim sit; nhan thue cfla nguoi DTTS vi thuc hifn hoic thvtc hien ehua diy du Mpt si hifn quyin hpc tip vin cdn hgn chg chinh sich sau ban hinh Ididng cfi tinh fa Nhiing ban che, khd khin kha thi Don cfl nhu Nghi ajnh sfi Mflt sd dia phuong chua thitc su quan 6I/2006/ND-CP ngiy 20/6/2006 cfi quy dmh phi, hd ttp hpc tip, cutaygn,uu tien ttong to chflc dao tao, tra cip xi hpi ngn cie em hpe suih ttong DTTS da cd dieu kien hpc tip tdt hon; quy mfl hpc smh ting, ty If huy dpng tte dgn ttuflng cao; bao dim tti si so iipc sinh dgn Ifip, giam tinh trang iipc sinh luu ban, bo hpe gifla chimg , qua dfi gdp phan ning cao chit lupng giio due toan difn Thuc hifn chinh sich ddi vfii nha giio, cin bfi quin ly giao due cflng tic truflng chuygn hiet, o vung cfl diiu kifn kinh tg - xa hpi dac bift kho khin: dpi ngu nhi giio, cin bfl quan ly giio due cflng tie o cic truflng chuyen bift, vflng cfi diiu kifn kinh t i - xi hfii die biet khd khin ngoai vifc dupc huong cac ciii dfl, chfnh sich ddi vfii nhi giio nfii chung thi cfin dupc huong cac chi dp, chinh sichriengtheo quy dinh cfla Chinh phfl nhu: chinh sich tto cap tham quan, hpc tip, bdi duflng chuyen mon, nghifp vu; phu cip uu dai; phu cip ttich nhiem, phu cap thu hflt; phu cap day bingtigngvi chfl viit cfla nguoi DTTS; phu cip cdng tic liu nim TAP CHl QUAN Lf N H A N U O C - Sd 295 (8/2020) NGHIlN CUU-TRAO Bdl tai Diiu 9: "Hgt thoi hgn ttfn (tiifii hgn luin chuygn), nhi giio, cin bp quin ly giio due tinh nguyfn o lai dg tigp tpe cfing tic va fin dinh cufic sdng liu dii thi dupc xet dg cip dit lim nhi, lim kinb tg ttang trgi, kinb tg gia dinh vi dupc vay vtfn lam nhi, lam kinh tg vfii lai suit uu dii tti dan ttong 10 nim" Nhungttgntbpc tg, giio vign o lai van khflng dupc buong cie chinh sich theo quy dinh Cfi dupc nhung kgt qua ttfn li nhan thflc cfla eic tang Ifip nhin din ndi chung vi nguoi DTTS nfii rigng vi tam quan trpng, y nghia cfla vin di quyin eon ngufii, ttong dfi cfi quyen hpc tip cfla ngflfii DTTS dupe nang len rd rf t Bfn canh do, thi chi phip ly hinh tiianh vi ngiy cing hoan thifn tao khufin khd di bio dim ttgn thuc tg quyin hpe tip cfla ngufii DTTS; Cbinh phfl, cie bfl, nginh, dia phuong vi eie co so giio due dio tao di cfl nhiiu ctf gingttongvlfctayentinyin,ehi dgo, ttiin khai thvtc hifn chu tnrong, cbinb sich, phap luit ve quyin hpe tgp cua nguoi DTTS Giii phip ddi mfii chinh sich, phip lujt vi quyin hpc tjp cfla ngufii din ttfc fliiiu stf Thanhat, thi che hfig kip Uioi cie qugn diim, chfl tnrong cfla Ding, Nhi ntifie vi bio dam qflyin hpc tap cfla nguoi DTTS Trong chfl trpng dgn qnyin hpc tip cfla ngufii DTTS ditao cosophip ly viing ehie eho vff c bio dim quygn hpc tip cfla ngflfii DTTS Thahai, hoin thifn hf thfing chmh sich, phap luit vi quygn hpc tip cfla ngufii DTTS Tigp tue thvtc hifn diy dfl vi kip thai chinh sich, phip lugt hifn hinh bio dim quyin hpc tip cfla ngufii DTTS Mat khae, ri soit, danh gii lgi hf thtfng chinh sich, phip luit trf n CO so dfi, dg xuat, kign nghj vfii Qudc hfli, Chinh phfl, Thfl tufing Chfnh phfl vi cie bfi, nginh lign quan sfla ddi, bd sung, ban hinh chinh saeh, phip luat eho phfl hop voi yfu ciu thitc tiin Tha ba, kign nghi Qutfc hfli nghign cihi xiy dvmg vi ban hinh Luit Giio due din tpe Hifn nay, phip luit Vift Nam chtra cd vin ban nio quy dinh rd vi ed hf thdng vi quyen hpc tip cfla ngudi DTTS, mi quyin niy chi mfii dupc quy dinh a cic vin ban quy pham phip luit khie nhgu VI viy, di ting eufing bio dim quyin hpe tap cfla ngufii DTTS, can cd mpt vin bin phip lugt rigng diiu chinh mpt cich toan difn, diy dfl npi dung Thu ta, bio dam tinh khich quan, cflng khai, minh bach vi dan chfl ttong xiy dung, thuc thi chinh sich, phip luit Ning eao tt'nb chuyfn nghifp tit ci cic khiu cfla hogt dpng xiy dvmg, thuc thi chinh sich, phip luit Can tgo digu kifn dg ngiroi din, die biet li ngufli DTTS - ddi tupng thu huong chinh sich tham gia vao hogt dflng Ting cuflng cflng tie giim sit, tta, kiem tra vi xu ly vi pham; kip thoi khen thuong, dflng vign, tfln vinh td chflc, ci nhin cfi nhiiu dfing gfip ttong vif e bao dim quyin hpc tip cua nguoi DTTS Tha nam, day mgnh cfing tic tayfn truygn vi vai ttfl cua giio due, vi quyin iipc tip, ning eao y thuctirhpc cfla nguoi DTTS Phit ttiin bgn vimg vimg DTTS phai ttfn ca so nin giio due - dio tao toin dien, Ugn tign, lufln lufln dupc ddi moi, quygn hpc tip cfla nguoi din ludn dupe tfln ttpng vi bio dim thvrc hifn Chfl trpng thigt lip cac diiu kifn bio dam dipflngcie nhu ciu hpc tip co ban vi hpe tip sudt doi cug ngufli DTTS, ning ego y thflc tu hpc tip, tir dao tgo cfla dfing bio DTTSn Chi tidch: Kit qua tong (heuttadan sd Viet Nam, ngayOl/4/2019 2.4 l!ly ban Dan tpc Bio cio tdng ket viic thi hanh phip luit ve Unh vpc dan tdc nim 2017 3.5 Bp Giao dpc va Dao tao Bao hpi thao "Danh gii viic thuc hiin chinh sich giio due vi dio tao doi vdi ddng bio dan tpc thiiu sd vi miin nir, nam 2019 Chfnh phu Diin tdng thg phit trien kinh te - xi hpi vung ddng bio din tdc thieu so va miin nil, vung cd dieu kien die biit khd khin giai doan 2021 - 2030 Ha Noi, 2019,tt.18 TAP CHi Q U A N Lf NHA NUOC - Sd 295 (8/2020)