S67(237) 2Q15 N G 6 N N G f & DOfI S 6 N G 33 iNGCN NGO" HQC VA VIET NGiT HQC] MOT VAI LOI PHAT AM VA CACH REN LUYEN CHO SINH VIEN SlT PHAM TIEU HOC TAI HAI DU''''ONG SOME PRONUCL\TION ERRORS AND SOLUTIO[.]
S67(237)-2Q15 N G N NGf & DOfI S N G 33 iNGCN NGO" HQC VA VIET NGiT HQC] MOT VAI LOI PHAT AM VA CACH REN LUYEN CHO SINH VIEN SlT PHAM TIEU HOC TAI HAI DU'ONG SOME PRONUCL\TION ERRORS AND SOLUTION TO IMPROVE THEM FOR THE PRIMARY SCHOOL PEDAGOGICAL PHYLETIC STUDENT AT HAT DUONG NGUYEN T H I P H U ' g N G (ThS; Cao d i n g Su- pham Hdi Dinmg) Abstract: In this paper, we will not parse all contents about phonetic knowledges and ability to use phonetic units knowledge of student, but only remak on some problems a few consideration as knowledge about Vietnamese vowel, Vietnamese consonant and student's pronunciation competence and remak on the influence of local folk-speech on development and their phonetic competence Key words: Phonetic competence; primary school; vowel; consonant; pronunciation M d d a u Nfing lye ngG am la nhGng kiln thdc ve ngG am vfi khfi nfing sCr dyng cac dan vi ngu fim ttong qufi ttinh giao tilp Kiln thdc vl ngG am d day la kiln thuc v l cac dan vi ngG fim, nhu fim tilt, nguyen am, phy am, diSu, ttpng fim- ngu diSu vfi kiln thtic ve vigc phfit am Danh gifi nfing lye ngG fim cda sinh vien chinh la vigc danh gifi cac kiln thuc kt nang phat am cua sinh vien cung vdi khfi nang su dyng cfic don vi ngu am cua hp qufi trinh giao tiep Sinh vien su pham Tilu hgc Ifi nhirng thiy cd gifio dgy Tilu hpc tuang Iai Hp la nhGng ngudi d tuoi Irudng thanh, da cd kiln thuc vfi nang Iyc nhit dinh vigc ty ttau doi ngdn ngO cua minh D l i tupng hpc sinh ctia hg chinh la nhGng tte budc diu hpc each sii dyng tilng Vigt van hda mpt cfich bfii bfin Do dd, ngudi giao viSn cd vai ttd vfi finh hudng rit ldn din sy phfit triln ngdn ngG cua hgc sinh Tilu hpc Dieu dd yeu ciu giao viSn phfii la mau myc ve vigc sti dyng tilng Vigt Nlu giao viSn phat am khdng chinh xac se khdng thl ren phat am chuin cho hpc sinh ciia minh Tilng Hfil Duong thupc vung phucmg ngO Bac Bg Do dd, nd mang theo nhung dgc tnmg filn hinh cua phuang ngG Bic Bp Tuy nhiSn, tho ngG Hfii Duong ciing cd nhung khfie bigt so vdi phuang ngG Bfic Bg Sinh vien su phgm Tilu hgc tai Hfii Duong neu muin dat chuan nghe nghigp giao viSn Tilu hpc phfii khic phye dupc nhihig hgn chl tho ngu dja phucmg dem lai Trong bai vilt nay, khao sat vfi phan tich vl nfing Iyc ngG am cua sinh vien, dya ttSn thyc t l ngG ligu thu thgp dupc, chiing tdi se khdng phan tich tit cfi cac npi dung ttong kiln thuc ngG am va khfi nang sG dyng cac dan vj ngG am ciia sinh vien, mfi chl xem xet din mpt vfii vin dl cdn chua on nhu kiln thuc ve nguyen am tilng Vigt, phy am tieng Vigt vfi nfing Iyc phat am ctia sinh vien nganh su phgm Tieu hpc tgi Hfii Duong ttong qua trinh giao tilp; dong thdi xem xet sy finh hudng cua till ngG dia phucmg tdi sy phat ttien vfi hofin thign nang Iyc ngu am ciia hg N9i dung Giao tilp ciia sinh vien va giang vien la nhihig giao tiep tryc tilp Theo khfio sat cua chiing tdi, khofing 70% cfic budc thogi ctia sinh vien ttong qufi trinh tuong tfic vdi gifing NGON N G f & B(n viSn dupc thyc hign bing nhGng hanh dpng bang ldi Nhimg budc thogi cd dupc thyc hign bing nhung chuin myc v l ngu fim hay khdng lfi dieu chiing ta can ban lugn d day Bdi phfit am chuan, lfi mpt yeu cau bit bupe dli vdi tat cfi mpi ngudi ttong giao tilp dfic bigt lfi w i cfic thay cd giao tuang iai Va mpt ttong nhGng ySu ciu cua chuin nghe nghi§p giao vien dupc Bg Gifio dye va Dfio tao quy djnh la "khdng ndi nggng gifing dgy va giw) tiep ttong phgm vi nha tnrdng" Chuin diinh fim d dfiy gom cd phfit fim chuin phy am dau, phfit fim chuin nguySn am, phfit am chuin phan van, phfit am chuan digu 2.1 Mpi so ldi phdt am cda sinh viin su phgm tieu hpc Hdi Duang Trong ndi dung nay, chiing tdi tap trung khfio sfit cfic Ioi phfit am ve phy fim vfi nguyen am mfi sinh viSn mic phfii (dya ttSn ngG lieu cfic cudc hgi thogi tten ldp hpc mfi chung tdi da thu ghi), sau chung tdi se tiln hfirtii mpt cudc khfio sfit nho nhd vl nhung hieu hilt cua sinh viSn ve nhimg don vi ngu fim nfiy 2.1.1 Ldi phdt am/I/vd/n/ Trong 10655 budc thogi bfing Idi dupc thyc hign bdi sinh viSn cd tdi 1386 (13%) budc thogi mfi d dd sinh vien phat am lan ldn I/n.Vi dy: (1) Sv: Em (thua) cd Id danh tiecd khd long ket hgp v&i cdc tie chi sd lugng & tru&c vd cdc tit chi djnh & sau Ld cd khd long ldm trung tdm mpt cum lit chinh phu Em cd vi dv nhu Id "ldm ngu&i dd " a ( ) (2) iSV; Em sephdn tich cho cdc em hiiu Id cdi cdy dd & cdng vien cdc cd chii lao cdng dd chdm bdn mdi m&i dugc, em khdng nin ndm nhu vgy Cfic cfip phy am diu doi lgp tr/ch, r/d, s/x, l/n la cac cfip phy fim de lin dli vdi ngudi sG dyng phuang ngu Bfic Bg ttong 66 cd nhGng ngudi ndi tilng Hfii Duong Cd till tiiay, vigc phfit fim Ian ba cgp Ir/ch, s/x, r/d/gi Ifi iSi phfit fim bien hon d cfi khu vyc Bic B$ vfi Thanh Hda, kl cfi ngudi Hfi Ndi vfi dudng nhu nd khdng "hi danh diu", khdng bi mang S6NG So (237)-2015 an tupng fim tinh d ngudi nghe Rieng doi vm d^ l/n, viSc phat fim lan Ipn hai phy am cd thl din den nhihig hieu sai v l cau ndi va vigc phfit am lan Ipn l/n dupc xem Ifi phat am "ngpng", phfit fim sai Doi vdi sinh vien sir phgm Tilu hpc - nhiing tiiay cd gifio Tilu hpc tuong lai - nhGng ngirdi sau cd finh hudng rit Idn din sy phfit triln ngdn ngG ciia ttS em, thi viSc phfit fim ngpng l/n lfi dilu toi kj, CM phfii dupc dieu chlnh kfp thdi Trong 1386 budc thogi chung tdi thiy da phan cac loi phat fim la sinh viSn phfit fim lin /I/ thfinh /n/ hofic /n/ thfinh /I/, khdng co trudng hpp sinh vien phat fim Ian theo hai ci hai chilu D$c bigt cd nhGng budc thogi cho tiiiy sirtii vien chl phat fim sai ttong chuli ldi ndi cd rtiiihig tilng chiia l/n dling cgnh nhau, cdn nlu cfic tilng chua /I/ hofic /n/ dung d$c I ^ thl van cd thl phfit am dung Dieu d6 cho thiy sinh viSn cd thl cd khfi nang phfit am chinh xic /I/ vfi /n/ nhung hp chua Iuu tam din dilu Vi dy: (3) Gv: Gido difC mdi Iru&ng khdng cd mdn hpc riing md nd dugc long ghip cdc mdn hpc khde Dd id nhiing mdn hpc ndo? M&i em! Sv: Thua cd Id Id dugc ldng ghip cdc mdn nhu Id ( ) (4) Sv: ( ) m0t tdm lu&i cd kich thudc Id 10cm, 10cm vd mdi cgnh Id cd, mdi cgnh cda nd nd 1cm, vd hinh vudng, hinh chit nhgt di tinh chu vi hinh vudng vd hinh chit nhgt Cac vi dy ttSn cho thiy, nhilu sinh viSn cdn chua kilm sofit dupc phat fim ciia minh, nSn ttong ddng Idi ndi, cd nhting am tilt chua I/n diing cgnh cd thl sS phfit am sai fim diing ding sau Nhu tten vira neu, cd tdi 13% ttong sl cfic budc thogi ctia sinh vien mfi d dd cd sy phat Sm lan Ipn I/n Dilu dfing luu tam lfi, tiiiy sinh viSn phfit am sai, gifing vien chi nhic nhd qua chii khdng cd thdi gian dung lgi dl giup sinh vien chhih sda Vi dy: (5) SV; Em thua cd ddc diim cua dgi field tiiy theo timg tnrang hgp cy thi dgi tie the^ the s l (237>201S N G N NGf & DOfI S N G cho cdc tie thudc lie logi ldo thi mang 0c diim ngit phdp ca bdn ciia lie logi dy - Gv: Em cho vi du - Sv: U, vi du nhu la & (ngdp ngdng), 16 g - Gv: "nd " chu khdng phdi "Id" Em thu ddt "nd" vdo cdu xem "nd" thay the cho tu logi ndo! Ciing cd the thdi quen da Iam cho sinh viSn khdng nhgn dung/sai Hon nQa, chinh bfin than sinh viSn do, kiln tliGc v l ngO Sm cdn kem nen khdng nhgn minh phfit am sai vfi khdng biet phfii sua the nao 2.1.2 iJi phdt dm /D/ vd /e/ Trong 10655 budc thogi bfing ldi dupc thyc hign bdi sinh vien, cd 526 (4,93%) budc thogi mfi d dd sirtii viSn phat Sm khdng chinh xfic nguyen am /3/, vfi 331 (3,10%) budc thogi cho thiy sinh vien phfit am khdng chinh xfic nguySn am /e/ Vi dy: (6)- Gv: Trudc het la tim hiiu vi quan niim, thi'ndo Id sa dd dogn thdng Em ndo! - Sv: Em thua c6 Id iheo em quan niim vi phuang phdp sa dd dogn thdng theo em Id mdt phucmg phdp gidi todn d Tiiu hpc vd d dd thi hiin mdl quan he giita cdc dgi luang da cho Cdc dgi luang phdi ttm irong bdi todn yeu cdu chiing ta phdi bieu diin bdng dogn thdng a Trong vi dy tten sinh vien da phfit am sai cfic am tilt chua nguyen am / / lam Sm chinh Cfic &n tilt da dupc phat Sm khdng ttdn mdi Nguyen am dfim nhgn vai trd la am chinh ttong am tilt vfi nd lfi fim giQ fim sic ca bfin cua am tilt Nlu nhimg am tilt chua nguyen am h/ lam am chinh mfi dupc phfit fim khdng ttdn mdi tbi am dd se det, hep hem binh tiiudng, sS khd nghe, khd nhfin dign Ben canh viec phfit am khdng chinh xfic cfic am chua nguyen am / / thi sinh vien cung phfit Sm khdng chinh xfic nhimg am tilt cd Sm chlnh la nguyen fim /e/ ( /E/ la Sm ddng trudc, ciing dd md vdi /3/ d ddng sau trdn mdi vfi chung dupc coi la cimg cfipi Vi dy: (7) Gv: A, thie nhdi id de hinh thdnh sd ( ) D^ id bp dd dimg lap ( ) Chiing ta thir 35 suy nghT xem v&i bdi ndy chiing ta se sir dyng nhiing dd diing gi? Ndo m&i em sv: Em thua cd & bdi ndy chiing ta cd Ihi sir dung que tinh d vi dy tren cac am tilt chua nguyen am /s/ lam am chinh dfi dupc sinh vien phat fim chua diirtii xfic Khi phat Sm cac am tilt dd, smh vien dfi md miSng chua du rdng, dd am chinh IE/ dfi ttd thfinh mpt am hgp han 2.1.3 cdn ndm ro 0c tnmg cdc dm tren Tnrdc thyc trgng v l lii phfit Sm phy am vfi nguySn fim sinh vien mfic phfii mfi chiing toi thu nhgn dupc tii ngu ligu khfio sfit, chung tdi da tiln hfinh th\rc hign phieu dilu tta tten 100 sinh viSn dl kilm tta kien thuc cua hp vl cfic phy Sm vfi nguySn Sm Kit qufi cho thiy: - Ve phy fim l/n: cd tdi 46% sinh viSn khdng nim rd vj tri phat Sm, phuang thuc phat am cua hai phy Sm l/n Hg khdng bilt Sm /I/ lfi am bSn cd vi tti phat Sm "diu ludi - nggc cung", hai thofit xfit qua hai bSn ludi, am /n/ Ifi Sm miii cd vj tti phat fim "dau ludi rang", hoi thofit tic d migng Cdn 54% cdn lgi, hp bilt cin phfii phat am nhu thl nao thl chuan nhung giao tilp hp lgi khdng kilm soat dupc cfich ndi cua minh Bdi hp chua cd y thuc mgnh me ve vigc phfii siia phfit Sm, phfii ndi chuin - Ve hai nguyen am /e/ va /3/: cd tdi 51% sinh viSn khdng trinh bay dupc hai nguySn am dupc phfit nhu thl nao, hay ndi each khac Ifi khdng bilt dupc dac trung phat Sm cua hai Smdd Nhu vgy cd thl ndi sinh vien cdn thilu hyt kirai thuc ve phy Sm vfi cac nguyen am dfi nSu Hg dfi phfit Sm chimg theo thdi quen, phat Sm tiieo loi phfit fim dia phuang mfi khdng quan tam din cfich ciu Sm ctia chiing Do dd, hp phat Sm sai vfi khdng biet cfich dl dilu chinh diung hofic khdng luu tam den vi$c phfii dilu chlnh phfit fim cua minh Dilu dd cung cho tfiiy nhGng finh hudng mgnh mS ctia phat am dja phuang din sy phat triln vfi hofin thign nang lye ngdn ngG ciia moi ca nhfin Qua dieu fra khung chuang trinh mdn tilng Viet danh cho sinh vien ngfinh Tilu hpc 36 NGON N G f & DOfI S N G chung tdi thay cung cd phan gidi thieu vl he tiiong fim vi tieng Viet (ttong dd cd nguySn am, phy Sm ) Tuy nhien, thdi lupng chuang trinh danh cho phan cdn rat it Vdi 10 tilt, gifing vien vfi sinh vien phfii frao dli ve phy fim dau, am dgm Sm chinh, digu vfi fim cuoi tilng Vigt vdi rit nhilu npi dung liSn quan din chuang trinh Tieu hpc Thdi lupng dfinh cho vigc hudng dan sinh vien phat am cfic am vi frong hg thong rit It, thgm chi chi la gidi thieu qua chu khdng cd thdi gian ren luyen viSc phfit am cho sinh vien Gfing viSn chi hudng dan de sinh vien ve nha ty thyc hien Vfi viec dd nhanh chdng hi quSn lang Va nhu tten da de cgp, sinh vien phat Sm sai ttong qua trinh giao tiep tten ldp hpc, gifing viSn cung chi nhac nhd ma khdng cd thdi gian de dimg Igi sua cho sinh vien So (237)-2Q15 phfit fim; am /I/ Ifi am dau Iudi - nggc ciing (phat fim cong ludi|) cdn am /n/ lfi am diu ludi - rfing (phat am thing ludi) Vi vgy dl khfie phye dupc tinh frgng lan Ign /I/, /n/ thi ngirdi ndi phfii dieu chlnh dupc ludi cua minh phat Sm Chiing ^ i xin dl xuit gifii phfip nhu sau: - Tnrarc tien, chiing ta phfii khfio sat dl phSn Iogi ioi phfit fim ngudi ndi phfit fim Ian /I/ thfinh /n/ hay /n/ thfinh /I/ (rit hiem trudng hpp mic phfii cfi hai loi nfiy) - Sau dfi giup sinh vien nh$n bilt dugc hg mic loi thupc logi nao chiing ta se giiip hg dilu chlnh phfit Sm Cy thl, vdi nhihig sinh vien mic loi phfit Sm lan /I/ /n/ cd nghta lfi hp dang quen vdi vigc phat Sm thfing ludi till chiing ta phfii giup hg dieu chlnh sy hogt dpng cua ludi dl lam quen vdi vigc phfit am 2.2 Ren luyfn cho sinh vien cdch phdt cong ludi, cdn vdi nhimg sinh viSn mic loi lln dm ddng /n/ /I/ thi phfii gitip hp lam quen vdi viec Ren luyen nang lye ngG Sm cho sinh vien phat fim thing Iudi, hay noi cfich khac chiing su pham tgi Hfii Duong la mdt van de khdng ta giup hp dilu chirtii cG ddng cda Iudi Vi§c phfii de dfing bdi sy anh hudng cua loi phfit am ren phfit am dupc dilu chinh tii dl den dja phuong qua ldn Tuy nhien, day ciing kh6: 1/ Ban diu, ngudi mfic ill chl thyc hien khong phfii lfi van dl khdng the thyc hien phat am hai fim vi /n/ vfi /I/ de cho ludi quen dupc Chimg ta hoan toan cd the giiip sinh vdi cu ddng cong ludi hay thfing ludi; 2/ Sau vien ren phat am chuin dl dgt ySu ciu cua ludi da lam quen vfi thyc vdi vi§c chuin nghe nghiep dao tao giao vien Nhung phfit am cong ludi hay thing Iudi liic s8 dieu nfiy cin phfii cd su no lye cua cfi ngudi yeu ciu ngudi mic loi phat fim nhGng tii c6 dgy vfi ngudi hpc, dgc bigt la y thuc ren luygn am tilt chda /U vfi /n/; 3/ Tilp theo, ySu cau cua ngudi hpc ngudi mic lii dpc nhGng dogn vfin dogn thff a Doi vdi fim /n/, /\J: Da cd nhilu bai tgp cd nhung fim tilt chiia /I/ vfi /n/, nhung nhGng nhim rSn luygn phfit am cho sinh vien, dgc am tilt xuit hign each xa nhau; 4/Culi biSt lfi bfii tgp ren luygn phfit am /!/ vfi /n/ Cfic ciing, ySu ciu ngudi mfic lli dgc nhung dogn tfic gifi da xay dyng nhimg dogn vfin, dogn tho vfin, dogn tha cd nhGng am tilt chua /I/ vfi /n/ cd nhung am tiet chua hai Sm l\J, /n/ vfi yeu dung cgnh D l ren luygn dupc phfit am ciu sinh viSn dpc, vi dy : "Lua nip Id lua nip chuan thi sinh vien cin phfii kien tri vfi Iudn ldng/ Lua lin l&p lap long ndng long long" ludn cd y thuc dilu chlnh cG ddng cda ludi Tuy nhiSn, vdi nhung kilu bfii tip nhu thl nfiy, cho phu hpp vdi viSc phfit am khdng thl giiip smh viSn cai thign tinh frgng Chung tdi da tiln hfirtii thyc nghigm bien phat am iSn Ipn /!/, /nf Van de d dfiy la vigc tim cfin nguyen cua tinh frgng "nggng" d l p h ^ nfiy vdi 50 sirtii viSn frong thdi gian kl gifii quyet tgn goc, lam thl nao dl giup sinh hgc Kit qufi 36/50 smh viSn dfi dilu chlnh vien cd the sGa dupc tirtii frgng lan Ipn /I/, /n/ dupc phfit am cua mlnh bdi qufi trinh phat fim Theo chiing tdi, phat Sm lan Ipn phfit am hp dfi ludn ludn luu y den vi$c dilu /I/ vfi /n/ lfi vin dl cua vigc dieu khiln ludi Idii chlnh phfit am ctia Iudi, vfi phfii ndi chgm lgi chuin bj din fim tilt chua Sm mfi hp mic So (237)-2015 NGON N G f & m n loi Va hp da rat hao himg bdi nghe ngudi khac ndi, hp ^ cd t h l phfit hien ngudi dd phat fim chinh xfic hay chua chinh xac - dilu ma trudc hp khong thl lam dupc 14 smh vien cdn lgi chua dieu chlnh dupc phfit am cua nunh, van phfit am lan Ipn /I/, /nf Tuy nhiSn, 14 sinh viSn thua nhgn hp da khdng kien tri vfi chua t ^ trung de ren luyen phat fim Nhu vgy, vdi gifii phap ren luySn phfit am nhu chung tdi de ra, tinh hlnh phfit am ctia sinh vien se dupc cfii thign mpt each rd rgt Tuy nhien, vigc ren luyen phat am cd dgt dupc kit qufi nhu mong dpi hay khdng hoan tofin phy thupc vao y thirc va sy quyet tam ren luygn cda moi bgn sinh vten Bdi dudi tfic dgng cda loi phfit Sm dia phucmg, ngudi hgc khdng kien tri vfi khdng thudng xuySn cd y thiic chinh sua thi vigc ren phfit am se khd thyc hign S6NG 37 ndi kien nhln vfi phfii ludn ludn cd y thirc dieu chlnh phat Sm cua minh Sinh vien Su phgm Tieu hpc chinh la nhung ngudi sau se Iam nhigm vy hudng dan va chirtii sua phat Sm cho hpc sinh - d l i tupng budc diu Ifim quen vdi tieng Vigt mgt cfich bfii bfin vi vgy vigc phfit Sm cua bfin than hp phfii chinh xfic Do dd, vigc ren luygn phat fim chuin la vigc lam vd ciuig can thiet vdi sinh vien ngfinh Su phgm Tieu hgc Thyc t l cho thiy, mpt ngudi cd y thuc ty ren luygn tot, tot nghigp cfic trudng cao dang, dgi hgc thi nhiing each ndi, cfich vilt sai theo Sm dja phuong se khdng cdn T A I L I E U THAM K H A O Nguyen Thign Gifip (2001), Ddn lugn ngdn ngit hpc, Nxb Giao dye Cao XuSn Hgo (1998), Tiing Vi$t- mdy vdn di ngit dm, ngit phdp, ngU nghig Nxb Giao dye, Hfi Ndi b Doi vdi am/D/, /e/ Vdi nhimg sinh viSn NguySn Chi Hda (2013), Nt^g cao phat am khdng chinh xac hai nguyen am lfi ndng luc giao tiip cho ngu&i hgc tiing Viet, nguyen Sm /D/ vfi nguyen Sm /e/ trudc tiSn Ki ylu hdi thao ngdn ngQ hpc toan quoc chiing ta se gitip sinh vien nim vihig dupc Nguyin Van Khang (2012), Ngdn ngit cfich phat am chlnh xac hai am nfiy Vdi hgc xd hgi, Nxb Giao dye Vigt Nam Dd Thi Kim Lien (1999), NgU nghta nguyen Sm ft/, phfit Sm ludi hai liii vao ben ttong vfi hinh dfing cua migng phfii ttdn l&i hgi thogi, Nxb Giao dye, HaNdi Nguyin Thj Bich LiSn (2013), Vai trd Vdi nguyen am /E/, phat am ludi dupc kSo lui v l phia trudc va migng md hoi rdng Nlu cua gidng viin vd sinh viin tham gia seminar dgy hpc mdn Gido dtfc hgc phfit fim am /E/, mieng md khdng du rpng theo tiip apt ndng luc & tru&ng su phgm thi am sS bi hgp, bi bgt Sau sinh vien dfi nfim ro dupc cfich phfit Tap chi Giao dye, so 318, thang Doan Thi$n Thugt (2003), NgU dm am chinh xfic hai am /D/ vfi /&/, chting ta se ren cho sinh viSn phat am hai am nfiy mpt cfich tiing Vift Nxb DHQG HN dgc l§p Sau do, sinh vien se dupc ren phfit DiNH CHINH fim vdi cfic am tilt cd / / hofic Is/ lam fim chinh Tgp chi Ngdn ngitvd d&i sdng s6 6(236)Tucmg ty nhu vigc ren phfit Sm /I/, /n/ d l Tki phfitfimchuin hai Sm ft/ va le/, ngudi ndi 2015 cd d&ng bai "Cdc yiu td vdn hda vd phfii kiSn nhan vfi phfii ludn cd y thuc (£lu vdn minh gidng dgy tiing nu&c ngodi'\ sa suit nen dfi dang sai hpc vi chlnh phat Sm cda minh cua tac gid Chdng tdi xin duprc dinh chinh K i t lu^n nhusmi: PGS.TSNguyin L&n Tmng - ThS Ren luygn phat am chuin dudi finh hudng Nguyin Th} Lan Hudmg mgnh mS cda loi phfit fim dia phuang khdng Thfinh t h | t xin ldi tac gifi va ban dpc phfii la van d l d l dang nhung cung khdng phfii NNDS Ifi vin d l khdng thyc hign dupc Chi cin ngudi ... phfit am 2.2 Ren luyfn cho sinh vien cdch phdt cong ludi, cdn vdi nhimg sinh viSn mic loi lln dm ddng /n/ /I/ thi phfii gitip hp lam quen vdi viec Ren luyen nang lye ngG Sm cho sinh vien phat fim... hpc Thdi lupng dfinh cho vigc hudng dan sinh vien phat am cfic am vi frong hg thong rit It, thgm chi chi la gidi thieu qua chu khdng cd thdi gian ren luyen viSc phfit am cho sinh vien Gfing viSn... Em thu ddt "nd" vdo cdu xem "nd" thay the cho tu logi ndo! Ciing cd the thdi quen da Iam cho sinh viSn khdng nhgn dung/sai Hon nQa, chinh bfin than sinh viSn do, kiln tliGc v l ngO Sm cdn kem