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Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN, Luat hoc 28 (2012) 110 116 Xay dung doi ngu giang vien trong trucmg dai hoc Thuc trang va giai phap Nguyen Thi Thu Hucmg Truang Bgi hoc Cong nghiep Hd Noi, Tir Liem, Hd Npi Vi[.]
Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN, Luat hoc 28 (2012) 110-116 Xay dung doi ngu giang vien trucmg dai hoc Thuc trang va giai phap Nguyen Thi Thu Hucmg Truang Bgi hoc Cong nghiep Hd Noi, Tir Liem, Hd Npi Viet Nam Xhan ngdy 30 thang nam 2012 Tom tat Tu viec danh gia thyc trang dgi ngu va cdng tac quan ly dgi ngu giang vifin trudng dai hgc hien tac gia bai viet dd de xuat nhiing giai phap nham xay dung ddi ngii gidng vien tnrdng dai hgc hien a nudc ta Thuc trang doi ngu vd cdng tac quan ly dgi ngii giang vien t r u d n g dgi hgc hien 1.1 Thuc trgng tru&ng dgi hgc dpi ngu gidng vien frong Sau hai muai ndm doi mdi va nam thyc, hifin "Chien lu^c phdt triin gido due 2001201(T\ giao dye dgi hgc nudc la da phat ttifin rd rfit vfi quy md, da dang hda vfi loai hinh va cac hinh thuc dao tgo, budc dau difiu chinh co cdu hfi thdng, cdi lien chuang ttinh, quy trinh dao tgo vd huy dgng dugc nhieu ngudn Iyc xa hdi Chat lugng giao dye dgi hgc d mgt sd nganh, linh vyc, ca sd giao due dgi hgc cd nhiing chuyfin bifin tich cyc, lung budc dap iing yeu cdu phdt ttien kinh le - xa hgi Ddi ngu gidng vien cd trinh dgi hgc va ttfin dai hgc ma tuyfit dai da sd dugc dao tgo lai cac c a sd giao due ttong nudc da gdp phan quan ttgng vao cdng cudc dfii mdi va xdy dung dat nudc Tuy nhien vdn chua dap ung dugc nhirng ddi hdi cua sy nghifip CNH HDH ddt nudc, nhu cdu hgc tap cua nhan dan va yeu cau hdi 'DT 84-976126688 E-mail: huongthaibinh76@gniai] com nhgp qudc tfi ttong giai doan mdi Dgi ngii can bd, gidng vien va can bg qudn I;? gido due cdn nhifiu hgn ehfi [1] Chfnh vi vgy ma vific xdy dung dgi ngQ giang vifin Id nhifim vy cip thifit can dugc tap ttung giai quyfit * Ve so luang gidng vien [2]: Tinh den nam hgc 2009-2010, theo bdo cdo cfla Vy Giao due dai hgc, tdng so gidng vifin (GV) ca hiiu cua tdt cd cdc tnrdng dgi hgc, cao ddng ttong cd nudc la 61.190 ngudi Nfiu chi xel ve sd lugng thuan thi sd dd tdng hon 5.000 ngudi so vdi nam hgc 2007-2008 Nhung nfiu xet ve chat lugng, dgi ngu GV dai hgc, cao ddng gidm dang ke Sd GV cd trinh tifin sy ttong cac trudng dgi hgc, cao ding hifin chifim 13,86%, gidm so vdi ty lfi 14,33% cfla nam hgc 2007-2008 Hien ca nudc chi cd 6.217 GV dai hgc, cao ddng cd trinh dg tifin sJ Ca nudc ed 376 trudng dgi hgc, cao ddng nhung sd giang vifin cd chflc danh Gido su (GS) chi Id 320 ngudi, lye lugng ke can la cac Phd Gido su cflng chua day 2.000 giar^ vifin Trong dd, sd lugng sinh vien (SV) cd nudc hifin Id 1,7 trieu SV, nhu vdy, sd SV trfin mgt GV (SV/GV) trung binh la 28 N.T-T Hmmg / Tap dii Khoa hgc DHQGHN Luit hoc 28 (2012) UO-l 16 Sau hon 20 ndm ddi moi, ddi ngii CBVC ndi chung va dgi ngfl GV tnrdng Dgi bgc dd cd su phat trien ldn mgnh ca \ fi sd lugng chat lugng Tu\ nhien bfin egnh dd cung cdn nhieu han chfi nhil dinh dang Iam cho nhflng kel qua dgt dugc chua dung vdi myc tieu, nhiem vu dfi Nhin lgi kel qua \a>' dung ddi ngii GV md ddc bifit Id ddi ngii GV trudng dai hgc dugc the hifin qua nhQng mat sau: * Uu diem: - Nhung ddng gdp cua nfin giao due dai hgc: da cung cap hang Irieu nhan Iyc cd trinh dd cao ddng dgi hgc, hang van lao ddng cd trinh thgc sT tifin si cho ddt nudc Day la lye lugng chfl lye, ndng cdt cfla qua trinh CNH, HDH ddt nudc, cfla phat ttifin dat nudc ttong thdi ky ddi mdi vd hdi nhdp qudc le He thdng ca sd dao tgo dgi hgc da phu gan kin ca nudc (62/63 tinh phd dd cd dgi hgc hode cao ddng) Dau tu cua nha nudc cho giao due dgi hgc tang nhanh co che lai chinh cho giao dye dgi hgc da bdt dau dugc ddi mai Ca che giam sat chat lugng giao due dugc thyc hifin Quan he qudc te phat trien lucmg ddi nhanh ca cdp qudc gia vd cap trudng - Ddi ngu GV Irong trudng Dgi hgc mgt nang cao ca vfi sd lirgng vd ndng Iyc chuyfin mdn, Kifin thflc trinh chuyen mdn nghifip vu va ndng lye hogt ddng thyc tifin tflng budc dugc nang cao ve mgi mdt gdp phan tich cyc vdo thdnh cdng cua sy nghiep ddi mdi dat nudc ttong giai doan vua qua - Ban ITnh chinh tri, phim chit dao dfle cua ngudi GV cang vung vang, trung vdi sy nghifip cdch mgng ben canh la luc lugng GV trfi, la nhflng ngudi cd hoai bao udc ma nhiet huyfit - Trinh ngoai ngfl, tin hgc ly luan chinh tri khdng ngimg dugc bdi duang ndng cao - Cac quan diem ehinh sdch: cdng tac xay dung ddi ngu GV ttong 20 nam ddi mdi da cd nhflng chuyen bifin quan ttgng vl nhgn thuc quan difim tu tudng dugc the hien ttong ca chfi chinh sdch phdp ludt tfl khau tuyfin dung- dao tao \a qudn l\, tiing budc dd dap ung dugc yeu cau phat trifin kinh te - xd bdi cfla dat nudc * Hgn chi: - Sd lugng, co cau dgi ngu GVchua dap ung dugc yfiu cau truac mdt va lau dai; tinh ttgng hdng hyt giiia eac thfi he GV mdi ca quan dan vi cdn phd bifin: thifiu dgi ngu can bg ndng cdt ke can cd ttinh dg chuyfin mdn cao Theo cdc sd lieu thdng ke dfin nam hgc 2009-2010 cho thay cd nudc ta chi cd khodng 61.000 giang vien 1,7 trifiu SV Nhu vgy sd sinh vifin trfin mdt giang vien tnmg binh la 28 Ddi chieu \ di ti le SV GV \ di mdt sd trudng va tnmg binh ciia the gidi thdy rang: ngogi tru nhflng trudng dai hgc hang diu the gidi nhu Dgi hgc Harvard cd ti sd SV GS Id 3.5 \a ti sd SV GV la 23/2, cac nudc cd nfin giao due dgi hgc tifin tien ndi chung cd t> lfi SV GV nam ttong khoang 15 - 20 Vdi sd trung binh 28 SV IGV thi hien nganh giao dye dai hgc nudc ta thifiu khoang 40.000 dfin 50.000 giang vien - Chat lugng dgi ngu CBGV trudng dai hgc nudc ta hien cdn yeu, chua thyc sy tuang xung vdi ddi hdi phdt trien cfla dat nudc, xa hdi va xu the hdi nhgp Mdt thudc dan gidn ehdl lugng giang vien mdt trudng dai hgc la ca cau tiianh phdn giang vifin, cy the la sd limng tifin sT (TS), hay d ti lfi TS 'GV Ti lfi eae tnrdng Dgi hgc nude ta chi mdi dgt sd 12.43 "o ttong dd d cac trudng dgi hgc trung binh d phuang Tdy Id khoang 70% Vdi sy so sdnh chdt lugng Iyc lugng gidng vien dai hgc Viet Nam ro rang cdn rattfidp.Mat khac thdnh tich t^fin cflu khoa bgc cua CBVC cdn it Vi du sd lugng bai bdo cdng bd tren lap chi chuyfin ngdnh qudc lfi chua nhieu - Ddu lu nha nudc vd xd hgi cho giao due nhifiu nhung dan trai thifiu ttgng lam, myc du Viet Nam Id nudc cd t\ le chi cho gido dye cao nhdt thfi gidi Trong vdng 12 nam qua (tu 1998 - 2010), Nha nudc tdng dan dau tu gido dye va dao tgo tfl mflc hem 13% len 20% tdng chi ngan sach nha nudc Nhung nhin vao ca sd vdt chdt phye cho giao due cdn rat thieu va igc hdu ddc bifit la ddu tu trang thifit bi xa> dyng N.T.T Humig I Tgp chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN, Ludt hgc 28 (2012) 110-116 d i u tu CO sd thyc hdnh, thi nghiem cho SV cdn r i t hgn ehfi nfin sinh vien tdt nghiep tnrdng rit khd dfi thuc hifin nhiing cdng vific thudc chuyfin mdn dd dugc dao tao vi hg cdn thifiu ky nang thyc hanh nhflng budc ddi mdi quan Irgng C a quan Bd thyc hi?n tdt nguyen tdc tap trung, ddn chfl, tao sy doan kel, nhat tti, phdt huy cao d§ sfle manh tri tufi tdp the - Tinh thdn trach nhiem, y thflc Id chux: ky lugt cua mgi bg phgn GV cdn yeu, phong each lam vific chgm ddi mdi; tinh than phye vu, nhifit huyet chua cao Da nghifim tuc td chflc thyc hifin dflng va day dfl theo cdc van bdn quy phgm phdp Iuat cfla nhd nudc, ludn thu chdt che vd bam sal su chi dgo cfla eac co quan nha nude cap tten ttong vific day mgnh cdng tac quan ly GV - Ca chfi qudn ly giao due cdn nhieu hgn chfi Vi?c qudn Ii nhd nude ve giao due dgi hgc cdn b i t cap, co chfi quan ly, sfl dyng, che dd chinh sach ddi vdi GV ttong tnrdng dgi hgc cdn b i t hgp ly, chua tao dugc ddng luc khuyfin khich ddi ngu GV dfi cao trdch nhiem, phan ddu rfin luyen nang eao pham chat dao due, ndng lye edng tdc 1.2 Ve cdng ldc qudn ly gidng vien Theo du bdo, dfin nam 2020 dan sd nudc ta khoang 100 tri^u ngudi vdi khoang 23,5 trieu HS vd 4,5 trifiu SV Vific tdng ty nhien quy md HSSV hang ndm; vific giam ly le HSSV/ldp, ty le sinh vien/giang vien ddi hdi quy md dgi ngfl phdi tang trung binh 5%/ndm, dfin ndm 2020 can cd 1,25 irieu nhd gido; ttong so GV phai tdng gap lan hifin vdi it nhat % cd trinh TS (rieng cdc Irudng dai hgc, cao ddng su phgm yfiu cau 100% gidng vifin ed trinh dg TS) [3] Trong thdi gian qua, edng tac quan Iy GV ttong Irudng dgi hgc da dgt dugc nhung cdng nhat dinh, budc dau dd mang lgi hifiu qua nhdt dinh cho sy phat ttien cua nen giao dye dai hgc, cu thfi: - Dir&i goc dp qudn ly Nhd nuac: Thdi gian qua Dang va Nhd nudc dd ban hanh hfi thdng vdn ban quy pham phap ludt kha day dfl ve linh vyc gido due va dao tgo Cac vdn ban quy phgm phdp lual budc d i u dd dap ung vd tao nen tang phdp ly day manh hoat dgng qudn ly nha nudc ttong giao due dgi hgc mang lai hieu qua, tgo tien dfi eho sy phat trifin cfla nfin gido due dai hgc Cdng tac chi dgo cua Bd GD & DT cdng tac quan ly cua cac dan vi tryc thudc dd cd - Du&i goc dp cdc truang dgi hoc: Tap trung ddm bdo va nang cao chat lugng ddo tgo; tich cue day manh hoat ddng nghifin cuu KHCN ttong nha trudng Ket qud cdc de tdi nghifin ciin hudng tdi nhiing sdn phdm KHCN ed tdm anh hudng, cd gid tti khoa hgc cao Cae trudng dai hgc da timg budc ndng cao linh chuyfin nghiep vd hifiu qud cua cdng tdc qudn 1^, hdnh chinh va ldi chinh nha irudng, xay dyng duge mdt mdi trudng dao tgo va nghien cfln cdng nghfi gidu tinh nhan van Ddng thdi tang cudng cac quan he hgp tac trudng - vien - doanh nghifip ca d ttong nudc vd d ngodi nude Tuy nhien, cdng tdc quan ly GV trudng dai hgc van cdn nhung hgn che, chua ngang t i m vdi ddi hdi can phdi ddng gdp cho su phdt trifin cua nfin giao dye, cua su nghiep CNH, HDH dat nudc va hgi nhap kinh tfi quoc tfi Cu thfi: - Hifiu qua hogt dgng thyc hifin cac nhiem vu cflng nhu chat lugng va kfit qud gidng dgy cdn han chfi - Trdeh nhiem cdng tdc, ifi loi lam vific cfla dgi ngu GV vfi c a ban van cdn chgm ddi mdi - Dgo dfle nghfi nghiep van hda giao tiep thyc hien nhifim vy, thdi dg flng xfl eua mgt bd phan GV cdn chua dat yeu ciu Mgt bd phdn GV bi sa sflt vfi dgo due nghe nghiep, tinh than trach nhifim kem - Cdng tdc quy hogch, ke hoach xay dyng dgi ngii GV chua dugc quan tam dung mflc nfin viec bd tti, sfl dyng vifin chuc v l n theo tinh hudng, bj dgng, tinh trgng hut hdng gifla cac thfi he GV ttong mdi dan vi su nghiep dang va se difin ttong thdi gian tdi N.T.T Hiroug I Tap chi Khoa hoc DHI3GHN, Luat hoc 28 (2012) 110-116 - Hinh thflc va ndi dung thi tuyfin, thi ndng ngach GV, each thuc danh gia GV, cac quy dinh vfi quyen vd nghia vy cua GV gidng nhu ddi vdi can bd cdng chuc cdc c a quan Nha nudc la chua phu hgp vdi tinh chdt va dgc diem cfla ddi ngu GV vd difiu se dan dfin tinh ttang "hdnh chinh hoa'' Id ehflc va boat ddng cua cac trudng Dai hgc Tu thyc trgng tten ddi hdi nen gido due cd nhflng giai phdp nhdm hodn thien ban vific xdy dyng ddi ngu GV ttong trudng hgc ca ve sd lugng, chil lugng, p h i m chdt dfle va ban ITnh chinh tri cung nhu ve co phdp Iy difiu ehinh cdn nfla dgi dgo chfi Nhirng giai phap nham xay d u n g dgi ngfl giang vien t n r d n g dgi hgc hien 2.1 Gidi phdp vi phdp ly Dfi bao ddm thang Igi eho s u nghiep chin nen gido dye, gdp phan day mgnh CNH, HDH vd hgi nhap qude te ngdy cang sau rdng, vific xdy dung, phdt ttien ddi ngu CBVC ttong trudng dai hgc can dugc thuc hien tren nen tang phdp \^ viing ehdc, la cdc vdn ban phdp lugt ed gid trj phdp ly cao: - Thyc hign vific "lugt hda"" cac quan diem, chu truang cfla Dang ve vific xay dung va phat trien dgi ngu CBVC tnrdng dgi hgc - nha giao vd can bg quan ly giao due Cu thfi id: H- Tdn vinh nhd gido va nghe day hge, ndng cao vi tri xd hgi cua nha gido + Ddo tgo ddi ngu nha giao va cdn bg quan ly giao due, xay dyng cac trudng su phgm de bdo dam du sd lugng nha giao d mgi cap hgc, trinh dao tgo, cdc ddi tugng dac bifit xa hgi -i- Bdi dudng phdm chdt, nang luc, chudn hda ddi ngfl nha gido va can bd qudn ly giao due - "Ludt hda" mgt sd quy djnh dang dutrc difiu chinh bdi cac van ban quy pham phap ludl: -*- Ve ddi tugng dieu chinh: - Can xdc dinh rd cdc khai nifim c a bdn: "nhd gido", "gido vien\ "gidng vien"'; "gido vien dgy nghi", "cdn bp qudn ly gido difc"; Khi cd quy dinh thdng nhdt se xac dinh dflng ddn ddi tugng difiu chinh qua ttinh thyc hien cdc chfi do, chinh sach ed lifin quan Hgng chuc danh nghfi nghifip thfi hien trinh dg va nang lye chuyfin mdn, nghiep vy cua vien chflc ttong tung ITnh vyc nghfi nghiep, vgy cdn cd co chfi xdc dinh thich hgp dfi bao dam mat bing chung ddi vdi nhiing ngudi hoai dgng ITnh vue (kfi ed ttong cdc dan vj su nghifip cdng lap lan khu vue tu nhan) Khde vdi can bd, edng chflc, ddi vdi vifin chflc cd le khdng can phan logi qua ro la d Trung uong hay dja phuang, ma chu yfiu chi nfin phdn loai ve trinh chuyfin mdn chat lucmg phuc vy - Cac che dd chinh sach ddi vdi ddi ngfl nha gido vd cdn bg qudn ly giao due can dugc Iuat hod dfi bao ddm gia tti phdp ly vd hieu luc thi hdnh cao, bao dam difiu chinh cdng bdng ddi vdi tat ed dgi ngu nhd gido vd can bg qudn ly giao dye d trudng cdng lap va ttudng ngoai edng I|tp; v.v, 2.2 Gidi phdp hodn thiin che dinh quyen vd nghia vu ciia gidng vien tru&ng dgi hoc - Can giao quyfin ty chfl, ty chiu ttach nhifim cfla dan vi sy nghifip; hoan thifin cac quy dinh ve quyfin va nghia vy cua vifin ehuc theo hudng md, lifin thdng vdi khu vuc ngodi cdng lap; md rdng quyfin hgp tac qudc lfi vd giao luu ttao ddi kinh nghiem ttong boat ddng nghfi nghifip -H Chdm lo ddi sdng vgt chat va linh thdn cfla ddi ngu nha giao va can bd quan ly gido due - Thifit lap he thdng eac quyen va nghia vy ciia vien chflc vdi tu each la nhiing ngudi dugc Nhd nudc giao quyen phuc vy cung cap cac san phdm, nhu cau co ban thiet yeu cho ngudi dan -r Qudn ly, su dung dai ngd ddi ngu nha giao va cdn bg qudn ly giao due - Cdn quy dinh cac quyen cua vien chuc theo hudng md ban so vdi can bd, cdng chuc N.T.T Huang I Tgp chi Klioa ligc DHQGHN, Lugt hgc 28 (2012) 110-116 tao dieu kifin dfi vien chflc ed thfi phdt huy tai nang, sfle sang lao, kha ndng cdng hifin ttong difiu kifin CO chfi Ihi ttudng hien Dd la quyfin gdp vdn, tham gia thdnh lap (nhung khdng dugc ttyc tiep tham gia dieu hanh) cac logi hinh doanh nghiep, td chflc su nghiep tu; quyfin lam viec ngodi thdi gian quy dinh; quyfin dugc ky hgp ddng vy, vific vdi cac ca quan, td chuc khac ma phap lugt khdng cam - Can xay dyng theo hudng dfi eao vai ttd, ttdch nhiem cfla ngudi dflng dau dcm vi sy nghifip edng lap viee tuyfin dung, sfl dung vd qudn ly Tdng ca ehe kifim tra, giam sat hflu hifiu vific thuc hien nhdm bao dam dan chfl, khach quan, ddng thdi thfi hifin sy edng khai, minh bgch cua qud trinh quyfit dinh - Ve quyfin vd nghTa vy, dgo due, van hoa giao tiep, nhung vific khdng dugc ldm thi ddi vdi vien chuc ndi ehung khdng khac nhifiu so vdi nhiing quy dinh ddi vdi cdn bd, cdng chuc 2.3 Gidl phdp thu hut, tgo ngudn gidng vien truang dgi hoc Can ket hgp vific tgo ngudn GV ttong trudng dgi hgc vd vific thu hut GV cd trinh cao Irong trudng dgi hgc: - Cdn chu y cac quy ludl cua nfin kinh te thi trudng, bao ddm dugc linh egnh tranh de nang cao chdt lugng phye vy ngudi dan ttong cac ITnh vyc sy nghifip - Bd sung va thu hflt nhung cdng dan uu tu ngoai xd hdi vao dgi ngu vien chuc thdng qua eac bien phap thu hflt, tgo ngudn nhan lye vien chuc Chu trgng bdi duong va ddo lao nang cao nang lye ttinh vd kj nang cho ddi neu GV 2.4 Gidi phdp tuyen chpn gidng vien tnrcmg dai hoc - Ddi mdi phuong thue quan ly vien chflc theo chi tifiu bifin chfi sang xde dinh sd lugng cac vj tri vi?c lam liing dan vi sy nghifip Xdy dyng cdc vi tti viec lam ttong dan vi sy nghifip vdi sd lugng cy thfi thay thfi eho vific giao vd phan bo chi tifiu bifin chfi nhu hifin Hgp ddng lam vific phai ttd thdnh mgt chfi dinh cfla phap ludt vfi vien chuc, thfi hifin mdt ttong nhung nguyfin tdc quan trgng nhat la binh ddng, ty 3? chi gifla cac ben ttong giao kfit va thuc hien hgp ddng - Tuyfin chgn phai khdch quan, cdng bdng va khoa hgc dung cac vi tri viee ldm can tuyfin ngudi; da dang hoa che dg tuyen dyng GV ttong ttudng dgi hgc theo hudng md tten ca sd hgp ddng lam viec, hgrp ddng vy vige, xdc dinh lual dieu chinh, ca quan lai phan va nhiing ca chfi gidi quyfit ttanh chdp ddi vdi logi hgp ddng - Tifip tyc quy dinh vific bd nhifim, mifin nhiem, tfl chflc vien chuc lanh dgo, qudn Iy tten ea sd quan difim vd chu truong ciia Ddng va Nhd nudc Gidi phdp ve chinh sdch dai ngd gidng vien tru&ng dai hpe Xay dyng chinh sach dai ngO nhdm thu hut nhdn tdi v^ edng tdc tai cac trudng dgi hgc tren casd: - Xay dung va thyc hifin: cdc ehinh sach, che ttong tuyfin dyng; mdi trudng cdng tac va cdc difiu kifin bdo dam chat lugng, hifiu qua Iam vific ciia dgi ngu GV vd can bd quan ly giao due (nhat la ddi vdi cdc ehuc danh giao su, phd gido su, chuyfin gia, giao vifin/giang vien cao cap/cd hgc vi TS ); chfi tifin lucmg vd thang, bang lucmg cua gidng vifin, - Ben egnh dd GV dugc bdo dam quyen hge tap, nghien ciiu khoa hgc, tham gia eac hogt dgng kinh tfi, xd hdi; dugc hudng chinh sach uu dai ve nha d, phuong tien di lgi, chfi bdo hifim xa hgi, bao hifim y tfi theo quy dinh cua phap ludt vd cac chfi dai ngg khacDdng thdi xdy dung cac quy dinh vfi khen thudng, xfl ly vi phgm, khifiu Id va giai quyfit khifiu td lien quan dfin dgi ngu nha giao, cdn bg qudn \