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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOI 10 18173/2354 1075 2016 0029 Educalional Sci , 2016, Vol 61, No 3, pp 72 80 This paper is available online al htlp //stdb hnue edu vn NHUNG Y KIEN VE NANG CAO HIEU QUA D[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educalional Sci., 2016, Vol 61, No 3, pp 72-80 This paper is available online al htlp://stdb.hnue.edu.vn DOI: 10.18173/2354-1075 2016-0029 NHUNG Y KIEN VE NANG CAO HIEU QUA DAO TAO GIAO VIEN DAY TOAN BANG TIENG ANH VIET NAM Tir PHAN TICH KINH NGHIEM CUA MOT SO N U c Nguyen Chien Thdng Khoa Su pham Todn hpc Tnfdng Dai hoc Vinh Tom tat Trong bai bao nay, chung tdi lim hie'u kmh nghiem cua mdi sd nrfdc ve day hoc mfin loan d Irrfbng phd thdng bang tieng Anh nhrf la ngdn ngfl thrf hai va ve viec dao lao giao vien day loan bdng tieng Anh Chung tdi cung dl cap din mdi sfi chuyen biln dang chu y ve van de Viel Nam nhflng nam gan day, Tfl dd rui mdt so y kiln ve nang cao hieu qua dao tao giao vien day loan bang tieng Anh Viet Nam Tit khda: Giao vien, mdn loan, tieng Anh kinh nghiem, dao Iao, hdi nhap Md dau Nhu cau day hge loan vd khoa hge bang tieng Anh d Viet Nam da drfdc the hien thdng qua Quyet dinh sd 1400/QD-TTg 30 thdng ndm 2008 cua Thu irfdng Chi'nh phfl ve vifc phe duyet De an "Day va hge ngoai ngfl hf thong giao due qude dan giai doan 2008-2020" Muc Cieu cua De an la den ndm 2020, da so nien Viet Nam Cot nghiep Crung cap, eao dang va dai hpc cd du ndng Iflc ngoai ngfl sfl dung ddc lap, tfl tin giao tiep, hgc tap, Idm vifc trpng mdi trrfdng hdi nhap, da ngdn ngfl, da van hda dao tao drfdc cdc giao vien cd the day mdn chuyen nganh bdng tieng Anh Giai doan 2011-20I5 la giai doan quan trgng vdi cac nhiem vu nhrf boi dfldng giao vien ngoai ngfl, cung cap trang thiel bj cho cdc trflbng, tien hdnh day tieng Anh cho cde nganh cdng nghf tbdng lin, ngdn hang, tdi ehinh, du ljeh, kinh doanh tai mdt so trfldng dai hgc die'm Day loan va mdt sd mdn khoa hgc bdng tieng Anh d mdt sd trflbng trung hgc thdng va day mdt phan cac mdn hgc d nam cuoi dai hgc bang Cilng Anh Nhdm gdp phan thflc hien muc lieu nay, da ed mdC so edng trinh nghien cflu d nflbc, chang ban nhfl [5, 7, 13,14, 16], da chi sfl can Ihiel cua viec day hoc loan bdng tieng Anh bdi canh hien nay, thflc trang ddi ngu gido vien loan d cdc trflbng thdng hien vifc thflc hifn kieu day hpc mdi me vd de xuat cdc giai phap ddo lao gido vien day loan bdng tieng Anh Tuy nhien, hfldng nghien cflu ve nhflng khd khan, thdch thflc cung nhfl kinh nghiem dao tao giao vien loan bang lieng Anh d cac nfldc tren the gidi la rat can thiet nhrfng cho den chfla dfldc the hifn mdt each chi'nh thflc, day du cdc cdng trinh khoa hoc gido due b Viet Nam Vifc day hpc todn eho ngflbi sfl dung ngoai ngfl tieng Anb hgc tap la mdt van de dfldc quan tdm nghien cflu d ea nhflng nrfdc ma tllng Anh khdng phdi la tieng me de cung nhrf b cac nrfbc md tieng Anh la tieng me de Theo [6], cae nghien cflu lien quan din vai trd quoe te cua tieng Ngay nhan bai: 9/2/2016 Ngay nhan dang 10/4/2016 Lien he: Nguyen Chien ThSng e-mail ncthang20n9C*gm Nhiing y kien ve ndng cao hteu qud ddo tgo gido vien elgy Todn bang tie'ng Anh d Viel Nam Anh thfldng trieh ddn cdc pham hang dau cua Kachru (1985, 1986), dd dng da crinh bay ba md hinh dflbng trdn ve tieng Anh: Dflbng trdn hat nhan bao gom phan Ibn cac nflbc ndi tieng Anh ban dja (nhrf 0-xtray-li-a, Ca-na-da, My vd Anh) Drfbng iron ben ngoai gdm eac nfldc ma tieng Anh dflcfc sfl dung nhfl mdt ngdn ngfl thfl hai va/hoac la ngdn ngfl quoc gia chinh thflc (nhieu nflbc thupc Ibp ndy von la thugc dja eua Anh nhrf Ma-Iai-xi-a, Xinh-ga-po, An Dp, hay thudc dia cua My nhrf Phi-lfp-pin), Drfbng trdn md rdng gdm cdc ^jioc gia sfl dung Cieng Anh nhrf mdC ngoai ngfl (Vift Nam, Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban, Han Quoe) nhflng nrfbc ndi tieng Anh nhfl nflbc My, mdt Idp da ngdn ngfl xuat hien vdn de la Iam de cdc hgc sinh khdng ndi tieng Anh nhfl tieng me de cd the tham gia day du va hieu qua vao cdc boat ddng todn hgc vdi cdc hoc sinh cdn lai (nhflng ngfldi ndi tieng Anh nhfl cieng me de); van de ndy da drfdc nghien cflu, crinh bdy nhieucdng trinh cua cac nha giao due Ihl gidi, chang han nhfl cdc cdng trinh [1,3,9, 10, 11, 15], nhflng nrfdc ma tieng Anh la ngdn ngfl thfl hai nhfl Ma-Iai-xi-a, viec day loan bang tieng Anh da dfldc nghien cflu va da cd nhflng kinh nghifm nhal dinh, chang han nhrf eae ket qua nghien cflu [4, 12], Vdi cdc nflbc ma tieng Anh Id ngoai ngfl nhfl Han Qudc, cdc chflbng trinh day hpc lfch hdp ndi dung mdn hgc va ngoai ngfl cd muc dfch kep la Chuc day cd sfl Chanh Ihao lieng Anh ldn viec hpe kien thfle mdn hoc, dd co todn hgc C) irflbng hdp Ihfl ba nay, van dl vl tfnh hieu ^ ^ cua vifc phdn bo kiln thflc mdn hgc Irong ngfl cdnh sfl dung tieng Anh Iam phrfdng lien chi dan dd drfdc quan tam nghien cflu, chdng han [8] Chinh vi vay bdi bao nay, chung toi tim hie'u, nghien cflu kmh nghiem eua ede nflbc Hdn Qudc, Ma4ai-xi-a va My ciing nhfl thflc tien van de dao tao giao vien day loan bang tiing Anh d nfldc ta, tfl dd rut mdt so y kien nhdm gop phdn ndng eao hieu qua dao tao giao vien day lodn bang tieng Anh d Viet Nam Ml Noi dung nghien cthi , ^ , , 1EI ^t 2.1 Van de day hoc toan cho ngtfdi hoc ngoai ngir tieng Anh d mot so ntfdc tren th^ gidi K^t 2.1.1 Van de day hgc tich hdp ngi dung mon hgc va ngoai ngir d Han Quoc '_ '•'" ^'' ^* '"* ll'* J5 ],,r Han Qudc nam sd cac qudc gia dau Ifl nhieu nhal giao due ngoai ngfl tieng Anh nhdm giiip cdng dan nflbc minh ndng cao mflc canh tranb khu vflc cbdu A Tham chi cd nhflng sang kien ehuyen Han Quoc lfl mdt quoc gia thudc Drfbng iron md rdng thdnh mdt qudc gia thudc Drfbng trdn ben ngodi ve tieng Anh, ndng vj the tieng Anh tfl mfit ngoai ngfl Ihanh ngdn ngfl thfl hai Cung d tdm the nhrf vdy, Viet Nam dang day manh hgc tap lilng Anh thong qua he thong giao due cua minh Tieng Anh vdn cbn la mot ngoai ngfl d Viet Nam nhflng vj the cua nd dang len mdt each nhanh chong vbi mdt chi'nh saeh day tham vong ciia chfnh pbu la Iam eho tiing Anh irb Chanh bdt budc tfl Idp vao nam 2020 Chinh phu da phe duyet Dl an Ngoai ngfl Qudc gia 2020, huy dpng ngudn lflc tfl ca phfa chfnh pbu Idn phi chi'nh phu de thuc day gido due ngoai ngfl tieng Anh b tdt cd cdc cap Ben eanh sfl trfdng ddng neu tren, gifla Viet Nam vd Han Quoc edn ed sfl khae bift vl cdch tilp can tieng Anh, dieu the hien d chd Han Quoc khdng phai la thugc dja cu cua bat ki qudc gia phflbng Tdy noi tieng Anh ndo, nhflng nfldc cd mdi quan he gan gui vdi My thdng qua sfl phu thudc ve quan sfl Sfl phu thudc dd va dang md rdng den tat ca cdc ITnh vflc cua xd hgi so dd Ihl cdc chfnh sdch ve tieng Anh chuyen nghiep dflbc tin la se tam sau sdc them sfl phu thupc dd va nang cao npi Ifle cung nhfl vi the quoc te cua hg tai cung mdt thbi diem (dfla theo [6]) Qua sfl phan tich tren cd the thdy rang, mdt mai Viet Nam cd the hgc hdi each van dung lilng Anh day hgc mfin chuyen nganh ndi chung, toan hoc ndi rieng cfla Han Quoc, nhflng mat khdc chung ta cung can tiin nhflng hflbng di phu hbp vdi hoan canh cua minh Theo [8], cac nghien cflu trfldc dd dd chi rang tinh hifu qud cua viec day hgc tfch hbp ndi dung 73 Nguyen Chien Thdng mdn hgc va ngoai ngfl cd the lien quan den bdi canh hpc ngoai ngfl hay khoang cdch ve mat loai hinh gifla tieng me de va tieng Anh Han Qudc va Viet Nam eung nhrf nhieu nflbc chau A khdc diu giong ve hai yeu td Kim va Ko (2008) phdt bieu rang doi vbi sfl thdnb cdng ctia viec hpc tap tich hbp ndi dung mdn hgc vd ngoai ngfl ma d dd hgc sinh ITnh hgi dfldc tieng iMih mdt each tfl nhien thdng qua viec hgc ndi dung mdn hoc chuyen nganh va edng irongBec gia tang kien thflc mdn hgc, tbi cbat Ifldng giao vien, sfl thdnh thao ngdn ngfl eua boc sinh va srf hb trd vl mat the che, mdi trrfbng la nhflng ddi hdi rat Idn Ndi rieng Ihi vifc giang bdi cua giao vien chiem din 72% loan bd thbi trfdng eua tiet hoe chdt Irfdng eua vifc giang bai cd ihe lii nhan to quyet djnh den sfl thanb cdng ciia hpc sinh viec hieu kien Chflc ndi dung ;^pn hoc Dac bift, boi canh hoc ngoai ngfl lieng Anh nhfl Han Qudc, ma d dd sfl t h ^ ngoai ngfl ciia bgc sinh cung nhrf mflc phd bien cua ngoai ngfl chinh Id Iflbng doi thap, thi nhflng cd gang giao vien tao doi vdi bai giang giai eua minh de giup hpe sinh de dang viee^hieu cdc khai niem vd nguyen If trflu ifldng d cac Idp chuyen ngdnh nhfl todn va khoa hgc la rat cap ihiet Dilu cung cd the tao nhflng gdi y cho sfl phat trie'n nghe nghiep doi vdi viec day hpc lich hbp nol dung mdn hgc vd ngoai ngfl Cu the la, Irong bdi giang giai cua gido vien thi viec bac gian giao va kich thfch kham phd thdng qua ddi thoai cd mpt vai Ird quan trgng Vi vay, vifc giang bai cua giao vien can khuyen khfch hgc smh tham gia vao cac cudc thao luan vd can trang bj them cho ho ngdn ngfl rieng cua mdn hgc sfl dung dfldc d mflc dd dam thoai cung nhrf cdc kT thuat khdim^ha tri thflc 2.1.2 Van de sd dung ngon ngtf tieng Anh day hoc toan d Ma-lai-xi-a He thong giao due phd' thong drfdc chia bdn bac: Tieu hoc (Tfl ldp I den ;jop 6), Trung hgc cd sb (Tfl Idp den tbp 9), Trung hoc phd thdng (Ldp 10 va It) va Dflbi dai hgc (Lbp 12 va 13) Ci bde tieu hge, vi dac diem da ddn tdc cua ngrfbi Ma-lai-xi-a nen ed ba lrfa chgn irilbng tieu hpc tiiy Iheo ngdn ngfl gidng day Dd la: (a) Trflbng cdng lap sfl dung tieng Ma Lai; lb) Trrfbng kieu cdng lap sfl dung tieng Hoa; (c) Trfldng kieu cdng lap sfl dung tieng Tamil O bdc trung hoc cb sd, tdt ca cac irfldng dfldc giang day vdi mpt ngdn ngfl chung - tieng Ma Lai - ngdn ngfl qudc gia Ma-Iai-xi-a Todn hgc Id mdn hgc bdt budc chfldng trinh phd thdng cua Ma lai-xi-a^hrfng b Ibp 12 nd la mon tfl chgn Trrfbc ndm 1981, toan hoc drfdc day bang tieng Anh cho MII Ibp 11 Ma-Iai-xi-a, gifla cdc ndm 1981 va 2003, ngdn ngfl qudc gia (lieng Ma Lai) Id ngdn ngfl giang day hau bet cdc Ibp loan tfl Idp I den Ibp 11 Tuy nhien, vao thang gieng ndm 2003 chinh phii Ma-lai-xi-a dd mdt quylt dinh tao bao la chuyen ngdn ngfl giang day todn va khoa hoc sang tieng Anh Chinh sach mdi dfldc thflc hien cac giai doan lien liep nhau, bat dau vdi I dp I Ldp va Ldp 11 vdo nam 2003, sau dd la cho mgi cap hpe vao ndm 2008 Theo Rusnani (20031, cd sd ban dau thuc day sfl chuyen hrfdng phrfdng lien chi ddn ddi vdi day hoc loan b Ma-lai-xi-a la sfl sut giam todn dien ve sfl thong thao ngoai ngfl tieng Anh eua hoc sinh Vi tieng Anli ddng vai trd quan trgng viec dap flng cac thdch Ihflc cua loan cau boa vd srf biing nd' thdng iin nen Bp Giao due mudn cdi thien srf thao tieng Anh eua hgc stnh d ea bdc phd' thdng lln cao ddng, dai hgc Dendng cao srf thdng thao ngoai ngfl tieng Anh eua hgc sinh, ndm phfldng dn kha dT da dfldc de xuat, la: (a) quay trb lai md hinb eac trfldng sfl dung tieng Anh lam phfldng tien (b) sii dung ngoai ngfl tieng Anh nhfl mdt cdng cu hoc tdp; (c) ndng cao viec day hgc tieng Anh (d| lang thdi gian b trflbng cho viec day lieng Anh; (e) tao mdi trrfdng ho trb hgc smh hge tieng Anh Sau nhieu Iranh ludn chi phrfdng an thfl hai dfldc lfla chgn Luc dd, lai loan va khoa hoc lai drfdc lfla chpn cho sfl tbay doi ndy? Rusnani (2003) va Choong (2004) lap Iudn rang todn va klioa hoc la cdc ITnh vflc kiln thflc thay ddi cd dpng va nhanh chdng nhat, ca hai deu ddng gdp cd y nghia cho sfl phdt tnen cua dat nflbc Hau hit cac tien bd loan hoe va khoa hge drfdc trinh bay crong cdc tdi lieu drfbc viet bdng tiing Anh Choong (2004) khdng djnb rang: "day ede ngi dung cdc mdn khoa hgc bang tieng Anb se ihflc day viec tinh hdi kien thflc khoa hge de phat inen ihanh Nhifng y kien vi ndng cao hieu qua ddo tgo gido vien day Todn bang lieng Anh d Viel Nam mgt quoc gia manh vl khoa hoc vao nam 2020" (tr 2) Ba cung ndi them rdng "Vi ngudn nhan lflc drfbc ddo tao can cd ddy du cd phd'm chat Ian ki ndng, Chinh phu dd quyet dinh day lodn vd khoa hgc bang tieng Anb" (tr.2) Hdn nfla, vifc dich cdc tiii lieu ve srf phdt trie'n khoa hgc va cdng nghe dang phat trien nhanh chdng sang lieng Ma T.ai Id qua khd Ichdn (Choong 2004) [4] Nhfl vay, cd sb de day todn vd khoa hgc bang lilng Anh bao gdm phat bieu vl nhu cau sau day [4]: - Cdi thien ndng Irfc eua hgc sinh vifc sfl dung tieng Anh, vi nd Id mdt ngdn ngfl quoc te de ITnh hdi kien thrfc va giao tiep; - Ngdn ehan srf xudng ddc ve srf thdng thao ngoai ngfl tieng Anh cua cae hpe sinh Ma-lai-xi-a, ca b trrfbng phd thdng lan b bdc cao ddng, dai hoe; - Trang bj cho the he trfdng lai mdt ngoai ngfl md se giup hg tiep can eae tien bd va phat trien mdi khoa hge vd edng nghe de dap flng nhflng thach thflc cua loan cau hod; - Giai quyet nhiem vu khd khdn gap phdi djch nhflng phdt trien cdng nghe mdi nhat sang tieng Md Lai Theo [12], viee thrfc thi chinh sdeh day todn va khoa hpe bang tieng Anh tao cho gido vien loan va khoa hoc mdt sfl thay dd'i day trdch nhiem nhdm dam bao cho hoc sinh cua hg cd du ndng Iflc hoat ddng cdc ITnh vrfc mdn hoc bdng lieng Anh Vai trb cua gido vien frong viec quyet djnh srf phat trie'n cua chfnh saeh md hp cd the thrfc hien da drfdc phdt bieu rd rang Little (1999) gidi thich rang sfl tien tnen cfla cac doi mbi giao due cot yeu dfla vao cdc cdch thflc phdl frien nang lflc cua giao vien De gido vien chuye'n hfldng cdng sang cac mong mudn cua ehfnh sdch ndy ddi hdi b ho kiln thflc va niem tin eung nhrf viee thflc hanh day hoe Drfa vao cac dieu tra thrfc lien cua srf thay doi giao due b Canada, Anh va My Fultan va Hargreaves (1992) da kit Iuan rdng srf phat trie'n giao vien la Crung Cam dfii vbi sfl Chay doi cfing Nhflng sfl chuyen ddi va vifc hgc ma giao vien yeu cau khijiig the xay neu khdng cd srf hfi trb va hfldng dan (F^itnam and Borko, 1997) De dam bao thflc hifn thdnh edng ddi mdi giao due, chi'nh phu Malaysia dd cung cap srf bd trb thod ddng cho viec phdl tnen nghiep vu eua gido vien Nhrf Id bfldc dau lien viec thflc hien chfnh sach nay, Bg Gido due td chflc khod hgc phdt tnen nghifp vu cho gido vien day toan va khoa hgc, drfdc bill din nhfl td Tieng Anh cho viee day lodn va khoa hgc (ETeMS) Tuy nhien, trgng tdm cua khoa hgc khdng phdi Id ndi dung mdn hgc nen drfdc phdn bo bdng tieng Anh nhfl the ndo ma quan trgng hdn la nd cd the phdl trien cdc kT nang ngdn ngfl can thiet cho day loan va khoa hoc bdng tifng Anh (Bd Gido due, 2004) Nhflng gido vien dfldc yeu cau tham dfl khoa dao tao ve viec sfl dung cdc phan mem day hgc hoae cac cdng nghe khdc dfldc cung cap bdi Bd Hbn 50.000 gido vien day loan va khoa hoc da trai qua viec dao tao chfldng ttinh va dfldc trang bj tai lieu chflbng trinh nhfl sach gidd khoa, sdch giao vien va cac tdi lieu bd trd khac de giup hg Tk ca cdc giao vien day loan va khoa hpc cung dfldc trang bj mdt may tfnh xdch lay va LCD bdi chinh phu de khuyen khfch sfl dung da truyen ihdng viec day hoc cua hg Mdi sfl khfch If ve mat tai chfnh (5% Ifldng mdi thdng) dfldc chu cap cho cdc gido yien day loan vd khoa hpc de thuc day ho sfl dung tiing Anh day hoc Cunggidng nhfl hau hit cdc hoat ddng bdi dflbng cho gido vien, chrfdng trinh ETeMS ta mdt srf kien nhdt thbi hdn la cae trai nghiem hpc tap lien tue Y kien ehung sd nhflng gido vien day toan va khoa hoc la nd khdng thrfc sfl hieu qua xet vl gdc dd nang cao sfl thdng thao ngoai ngfl cua hp (Tan va Ong, 2007) Sfl thdnh cfing cua nhflng nd Iflc dd'i mdi gido due phu thudc vao viec tao cac cb hdi cho viec hgc tap lien tuc cua giao vien va cung cdp cdc nguon phal trien nghifp vu thich hdp de hfi trd cdc cb hpi (Cohen va Ball, 1990; Dariing-Hammond, 1990) Nguyen Chien Thing 2.1.3 Van de day hoc toan cac Idp da ngdn ngir b M y Bresser, Metanese vd Sphar (2009) cho rdng giao t i l p ve cdc y tflbng todn hgc la rat quan trgng ddi vdi ca giao vien va hgc sinh, va ehinh dieu dd ma sfl bat binb dang ddi vdi nhflng hgc sinh hoc ngoai ngfl tiing Anh Ibp hgc loan tdng ien (theo [3]) Neu nhrf cdc chi dan va cac md hinb giao tiep lodn hpc dflbc thfle hifn bang Cieng Anh thi nhflng hgc sinb hgc ngoai ngfl tieng Anh ldp se khdng cd drfdc srf liep can ngang bang doi vdi ede cugc thdo Iuan trfl gido vien cung cap tbem sfl hd trd Nguyen tdc cdng bdng trong Cac nguyen tae va Cdc chua'n Idp hgc todn ( N C T M 2000) quy djnh rang tat cd hpe sinh, khdng phan biet dde die'm ca nhdn, lai lich, the chat, phai cd cd hdi dflbc hgc va nghien cflu loan Tfnh cdng bdng hgc loan khdng ddn gian chi la mgi hpc sinh deu nhan cde bai hgc loan nhfl ma dieu quan trgng la nhflng hgc sinh hgc ngoai ngfl t i i n g Anh xflng ddng cd cb hdi thdnh edng nhrf nhflng ban cung Idp dfldc hgc Cieng Anh tfl be Cac gido vien d M y khdng the cho rdng hgc sinh ciia minh se sfl dung tieng Anh nhfl ngdn ngfl sb cdp cila ehung, cung nhrf khdng the gid vb xem chung se thdng thao tieng Anh de tham gia day dfl vao tdp hpc nhfl nhflng hpc sinh ndi lieng Anh bdn dia (Khi.sty, 2001) So trfbng hgc sinh vdi Crf each la ngrfbi hoc ngoai ngfl neng Anh dang phdt trien va hien so ed xu hflbng vdo cdc lbp hpe dang tang len (Costa, McPhail, Smith, va Brisk, 2005) Ddn chflng la, khoang gifla nam 1979 va 2007, sd hgc sinh b M y ndi mpt thfl tieng khdc tieng Anh d nha da tdng Cfl 9% ten 20% (theo [ I t ] ) Theo [3], cd xap xi trieu ngrfdi hgc ngoai ngfl lieng Anh thi vao cdc trrfbng edng lap d M y (sd tieu ndm 2007) Dieu dd cd nghia la hdn 10% sd hoc sinh den irrfbng Va moi nam, li If ngrfbi hpc ngoai ngfl cieng Anh lai tang len O mdt so bang, ngrfdi hgc ngoai ngfl Cieng Anh dai dien mdt ti le Idn sd nhflng hoc sinh den irflbng Chang han, d California hdn 25% hgc sinh la ngflbi hgc ngoai ngfl Cieng Anh (khoa Giao due California 2006 2007) Texas, New York, Florida, Illinois va Arizona cung cd mgt sd Iflbng hge sinh chu yeu hgc tieng Anb nhrf la ngfin ngfl thfl hai Ci mfit sd bang, sd hgc sinh hgc ngoai ngfl lieng Anh tflbng doi khdng nhieu nhflng ti le phan trdm tdng ten nhflng ndm gan day Id cd y nghia Thach thflc cua vice day loan cho ngfldi hoc ngoai ngfl tieng Anh khdng ehi ndm d viec tao cdc bai hgc hie'u dflbc ddi vbi hoc sinh ma cdn viec dam bdo rdng hgc sinh sfl dung ngoai ngfl minh can de hie'u sfl ebl dan va bieu thi viec nam khdi niem loan hoc cua ho bdng cd ngdn ngfl ndi va ngdn ngfl viet Ngfldi hgc ngoai ngfl lieng Anh cd nhiem vu kep la hoc ddng thbi mdt ngdn ngfl thfl hai va ndi dung mdn hoc Ngflbi hgc ngoai ngfl cieng Anh doi mat vdi mdC so chfldng ngai thfing thflbng hgc todn Mgt thdch thflc ma hp ddi mdi Id khfing biet hoac hieu sai tfl vrfng, chdng han hg cd the trd nen nham tdn sufit cudc thao ludn n l u tfl vflng loan hgc cd cdc nghia khae flng dung hang ngdy nhfl even, odd, function Chfldng ngai thfl hai Id vdi mgt sfl hieu chfla day dii cii phap vd ngfl phdp, chdng han, cac cdu hdi todn hgc thflbng dflbc gdn vbi ngogi ngfl lam cho bai loan khong ro rang va khd hieu Xet bai todn sau "Samuel bought bags of oranges in each bag How many oranges di he buy''" ("Samuel mua tui cam, dd mdi tui dflng qua Hdi da mua bao nhieu qua?") Bai loan bang lbi sfl dung ca thi qua khfl va thi hien tai cua ddng lfl bat quy lac "buy" mdt cau hdi, dieu ndy cd the gdy khd khan cbo ngflbi hgc ngoai ngfl tieng Anh, phu thudc vao srf thdng thao ngoai ngfl tieng Anh cua hpc sinh Ben canh sfl lien bd da drfdc thrfc hien 15 ndm gdn day nhat vdi viec cdc chfldng trinh bdi dfldng gido vien bat dau lap trung hbn vao eac ngfl canh xa hdi, tinh da dang va gido due da van hod (Banks et al 2005, Hollins yd Guzman, 2005) thi van cdn nhieu viee phdi Idm Qua vay, dfldng nhfl khdng phai vifc trai qua mdt khoa hpc v l vdn d l da van boa (eo the c6 hoac khfing bao ham vifc day va hgc loan) se chua'n bi mgt each thoa dang cho gido vien day toan eho mpt tap the gom cdc hge sinh da dang ve ngdn ngfl va vdn hod ma hp se cd Iflp cua minh (Hollins vd Guzman, 2005; Sleeter, 2001) Bflbe dau tien degiup giao vien Cflbng lai Iinh hdi cdc kien thflc chuyen mdn can de day cho ngfldi hgc ngoai ngfl tieng Anh Id doi vbi cdc nhd gido due giao vien can tao cho ho cdc cd hdi suy xel cdc quan mem cua ho (hoac niem tin va tri thflc ciia hg) v l ngoai 76 Nhirng y kien vi ndng cao hiai qud ddo tgo gidu vien elgy Todn bdng ding Anh d Viet Nam ngfl va loan hoc Bfldc ndy la cdn thiel vi cdc giao vien ifldng Iai thrfbng bj che tap bdi y thflc he Crong day va hpc vi vdn kinh nghiem ve van bed va giao due ciia chinb ho Nhflng kinh nghiem ndy da lao niem tin va thdi ben chdt vl chfnh hg ma khdng dl de tfl bd (Ladson - Billings, 1994) Mgt bifn phap giao due gido vien lodn md dflbc xem Id cdng vifc giup cdc giao vien tfldng lai suy xet lai niem tin va y kiln ciJa bp lien quan den day vd bpc loan la viec sfl dung cac boat ddng tfl cfla tre em, dd ia eac hoai ddng dflde thiet ke xoay quanh tfl loan hgc cua hgc sinh Dac biet, cdc kieu hoat ddng cung cdp cho gido vien cd hdi thdo gd khd khdn ve cac khai niem loan hpc cflng mdt luc vfla can hgc hdi ve sfl hieu Iam ciia hgc sinh vfla can hieu nhu cau hgc loan d mdt mflc dd quan mem cao hdn (Cheo [11]) De day hpc loan cho ngrfbi sfl dung ngoai ngfl tieng Anh hpc lap dat hteu qua, giao vien nen lrfa chpn cde chien Iflbc phu bdp nhat vbi nhu eau eua hoc smh hg phai ihflbng xuyen vfla hgc ngoai ngfl vfla hieu cdc khdi niem toan hgc (theo [15]) cac chiln Ifldc dd bao gdm- Nhdm cac chien Ifldc ve dung ldi (Oral Strategies), nhdm cdc chiln Ifldc ve sfl dung trflc quan (Visual Strategies), nhdm eac chiln Irfdc ve phrfdng phap day hgc (Instructional Strategies), nhdm cdc chien Iflbc ve "bac gian giao" (Scaffolding Strategies), nhdm eac chien Ifldc ve ddnh gia (Assessment Strategies) Moore - Harris (2005) cflng cho rdng de tdng khd ndng hieu va Iam cho loan hpc de liep can hdn ddi vdi cac hgc sinh sfl dung ngoai ngfl iiing Anh hgc lap, gido vien nen sfl dung cac chiln Ifldc kbac nhfl: Nhdm cae ehien tfldc vl quan tf tdp hoe (Classroom Management Strategies), nhdm cdc chien Ifldc ve phfldng phdp day hgc Iam tang viec hieu cua hpc sinh (Instructional Strategies that Increase Comprehension), nhdm eac chien Ifldc ve ddnh gid (Assessment Strategies) (theo [1]) 2.2 Mot so chuyen bien dang chu y van de dao tao giao vien day hoc toan bang tieng Anh d Viet Nam Vdi srf dbi cua De an Ngoai ngfl Qudc gia 2020 thbi gian qua, viec chuan bj ddi ngu gido vien day loan bang tieng Anh b nfldc ta ve cb ban dflde thrfc hien theo hai hrfdng song song la: Boi drfdng ddi ngfl giao vien loan hien c6 de day loan bang tieng Anh va lien hanh vifc ddo tao giao vien loan d bdc dai hgc hudng thif nhdt, mdt sd gido vien todn b cdc dia phfldng drfdc irfa chon tham gia cac Idp hge bdi drfdng tieng Anh De an td chflc nhdm nang cao ndng lflc ngoai ngfl tieng Anh cho ddi ngu ndy Ben canh dd, De dn dd phoi hdp vdi cdc dia phrfdng td cbflc lap huan day hgc todn bang tieng Anh cho cac giao vien Ddy Id cdc hoai ddng rat hflu fch cho cdng tac day lodn bang tllng Anh b trfldng phd thdng Vift Nam tinh hinh hien nay, Chang han, theo [2], muc dich cua Idp tdp hudn Id cac gido vien tham dfl soan drfdc bdi gidng va bfldc ddu ed the giang bai drfdc bang tieng Anh Tai lieu dd cung cap cho hpc vien cdc thuat ngfl loan hpc bdng tieng Anh kha cd ban va day du, trinh bay mdt so vdn de ve soan bai va giang day mdn todn bang tieng Anh cung vdi cdc bai soan mdu, dd bon bai dfldc soan theo each chuye'n the tfl bai soan tieng Viet sang tieng Anh, hai bai dfldc soan theo giao trinh gidng day A-level, mdt bai dfldc soan theo giao trinh giang day SAT Nhflng tai lieu cung ed gia trj tham khao to tdn ddo tao gido vien day hgc loan bang tieng Anh d bdc dai hoc d hudng thif hai hai 16 va 17 thdng 01 ndm 2013, Irfldng Dai hgc sfl pham Ha Ndi da td' chflc Hdi thao Qude tl "Dao tao cfl nhan sfl pham lodn day bdng tiing Anh" Muc dich ehinh cua hdi thao ta sfl hdp tdc cua trflbng Dai hpc sfl pham: Ha Ndi Thdi_ Nguyen, Hul, Thdnh phd Ho Chf Minh viec dao lao cfl nhdn nganh Sfl pham Todn hgc bdng tieng Anh Bon trfldng deu cfl bdn dodn dai bieu tham dfl bao gdm lanh dao nha trflbng, can bd cua khoa Toan vbi nhilu tham Iudn Ngodi dai bieu cua bdn trrfbng tren cdn cd dai dien cua Ban dieu hdnh DS an Ngoai ngfl qudc gia 2020, Vien Todn hgc, trrfbng Dai hpe Vinh, khoa Ngoai ngfl cua Irflbng 77 Nguyen Chien Thang Dai hoc sfl pham Ha Ndi va ddc biet cd mpt so nha todn hgc ngflbi Phap So lrfbng Iham luan tai hpi chdo rdt phong phu, bao trum hau bet cdc vdn dl lien quan den ddo tao crf nhdn nganh Srf pham Todn hgc bang lieng Anh Cdc ket qua cua Hpi chdo cd che dfldc tdm idt lai iheo cac khia canh sau, fl Vi thuc irgng: Ddi ngu gido vien loan cd nrfdc cd the dam nhdn drfdc nhiem vu giang day bd mdn loan nhrfng hdu bet khdng cd khd ndng giang day cho hoc sinh chrfdng trinh loan thdng bdng tieng Anh Mac du cac cd sb dao tao cd nhieu co gdng irong cong tac giang day tieng Anb cho sinh vien nhrfng ehdt Irfdng ddo tao tieng Anb ndi chung va tieng Anh ehuyen nganh loan ndi rieng van rat thdp Mdt so Ifldng giao vien toan thdng khong cb kha nang sfl dung tllng Anh viee doc vd tham khao tdi iifu chuyen mdn de ming cao chal Irfdng giang day b Ve linh cdn thiil Nhflng Chi thj va Nghi quyet cua Dang va Chinh phii da chi ro nhiem vu ddi mbi can ban va toan dien nen gido due Viet Nam theo hflbng hgi nhap qudc le De dap flng dflbc nhflng nhiem vu quan tren thi vife phd cap vd ndng cao trinh dd tieng Anh, dac biet Id kha ndng sfl dung Cieng Anh Crong cac ngdnh khoa hoc ki Chudc va kinh te cho hoc ,smh, sinh vien va giao vien dd trb mdt nhu cau cdp thiel Ben canh dd, nhflng ndm gan day da cd nhilu trflbng quoc te lap d Viet Nam Vi the, nhu cdu tuyen dung giao vicn toan day bdng tieng Anh cdng Idn c Vi muc lieu: Dao tao dflbc mdt sd cfl nhan loan cd kha ndng giang day chrfdng irinh Todn trung hoc thdng bdng tieng Anh Ddo tao drfbc sinh vien du khd ndng nhan drfdc cac hoc bdng cua nrfdc ngoai va cua VEF de theo bgc d cdc trrfbng hang dau cua nrfbc ngoai d Ve phuang hUdng De xuat vdi Bd Giao due va Dao lao ve Tuyen dau vao, soan chrfdng trinh, viet giao trinh, dam bao cdche cho gidng vien tham gla giang da\ \a \iei giao irinh, quy che cho sinh vien tham gia chrfdng trinh dao tao Van dl quan Cam hang dau dfldc Hdi thao xac djnh cbinh la ddo tao giao vien Day la nhiem vu chinh cfla bdn irfldng Cho den da cd hai trfldng tuyen sinh cac lbp dao tao giao vicn day todn bdng tieng Anh Id trrfbng Dai hoc Srf pham Ha Ndi vd trrfbng Dai hoc Srf pham Hue Nhrf vay, viec day hpe tpan vd kboa hgc bang tieng Anh la can thiet irong bdi canh hbi nhap hifn nay, va trung tam cua sfl thay doi chi'nh Id gido vien Do db, dao tao giao vien day loan bang tieng Anh la mdt nhu cau cua xa hdi Tuy nhien, doi vdi giao vien loan cua Viet Nam, ben canh khd khdn ve mdt chinh sdch, day hgc mdn loan bdng tieng Anh ho phai ddi mat vbi hai chflbng ngai cb ban ve mat chuyen mdn tfldng trf nhrf giao vien d Han Qudc Thrf nhat ddi vbi ho tieng Anh la mdt ngoai ngfl (hay ngdn ngfl thfl hai) nen ho cdn nam vflng cach sfl dung ngdn ngfl nay, dd, lfl kinh nghifm cua Ma4ai'Xi-a cho thay can thiet phai cung cip cho giao vien ciing nhrf sinh vien cac trai nghiem hoc tap lien tuc viec sfl dung tieng Anh day hoc loan, thrf hai doi tfldng day hgc eua hg cung la nhflng ngflbi ma tieng Anb la ngoai ngfl nen ho can ndm dflbc phfldng phdp day hgc todn bdng tieng Anh cho ddi tfldng nay, va d day nhiing kmh nghiem lfl cac nfldc Han Qudc vd My la rat hflu ich 2,3, Nhtfng tiep can ban dau ve dao tao giao vien day hoc toan bang tieng Anh d trtfdng Dai hoc Vinh Tren cb sb cac kit qua thu dflbc Cfl srf phan tieh kinh nghiem cua mot so nrfbc neu tren, nhflng tiep can ban dau the hifn d hai phfldng dien sau ddy: Mol Id day mgt so mdn chfldng trinh dao tao trinh dp dai hoc hang neng Anh Hoat ddng se giup sinb vien vfla ndm kiln ihflc mdn hgc vfla biel dfldc each srf dung cac thuat ngfl loan bdng tieng Anb Day la mdt qud trinh Idu dai, Irrfdc mat la day mon Hinh hoc sd cap va Ljeh sfl Toan hpe, bdi vi mdn hgc gdn chat vbi chrfbng trinh mdn Todn ihong Theo chiing tdi, 78 Nhimg y kien vi ndng cao hieu qua ddo tgo gido vien elgy Teidn bdng tiing Anh O Viel Nam viec day cdc kien thflc toan sd cap (Hinh hoc sd cap va dai so sb cap) bdng tieng Anh cho sinh vien nganh Sfl pham Todn hgc hg cdn hgc d bde dai hoc se tao cho hg cd hgi dfldc tiep xuc, trau ddi, van dung cdc khdi niem, djnh If cua todn sb cdp bdng tieng Anh, giup hg drfdc trdi nghifm hgc lap lien tuc viec sfl dung tieng Anh mdn hgc ma hg se day sau trflbng Hai la xdy dflng chuyen dl "Day hgc toan bang tiing Anh", irrfdc mat ap dung cho ldp cfl nhan tai ndng cua Khoa Trong Chuyen de c6 cac ndi dung va boat dgng nhdm trang bj cho sinh vien nhflng kiln thfle ban dau ve viec day hgc loan bdng tieng Anh, eu the la - Cho sinh vien tiep cdn mdt sd bai hgc mdn todn (Indices, Coordinate Geometry, Trigonometry, Quadratic Equations, ) irong sdch gido khoa nrfdc ngodi chang han sach cua Singapore Vifc liep can giup sinh vien Iam quen vdi vdn pbong, thuat ngfl todn hpe bang tieng Anh - Chia cac nhdm chua'n bj trrfbc cdc ndi dung "Tfl mdi, Cdc cum tfl dang chfl y bdi hgc, Cde cau true ddng chu y bdi hoc, Cae phrfdng phdp blnh thdnh khai mem, djnh li, quy tde bai hgc" - Trang bj cho sinh vien mdt so ki ihudt cd bdn phal trien lfl vflng toan bang lieng Anh, dd Id: KT thuat bflc tflbng tfl (Word Walls), KT tbuat Td ehfle dd hoa vd Ban khdi nifm (Graphic Organizers and Concept Maps), KT thudt Cac chi dan dfl dodn (Anticipation Guides), KT thual Sfl dung dd dung trflc quan de gidi thieu tfl vflng, Ki thudt Xay dflng tfl dien tfl vflng loan hpc Theo chung tdi, thdng qua chuyen de sinb vien nganh Srf pbam Todn hpe se ed ed hoi drfdc tiep can cac kT thuat day hoc tfl vflng loan hpe bang tieng Anb drfdc Hep Chu van phong lilng Anh Crong chflng minh cdc djnh li, gidi eae bai Cap lodn hgc, nghTa la hieu va van dung drfbc tieng Anh day hgc cdc tinh hudng dien hinh mfin loan b trrfbng pbd' tbdng Ket luan Tfl kinh nghifm cua Han Quoc ve day hgc tfch hbp ndi dung mdn hoe va ngoai ngfl, kinh nghiem cua Ma-lai-xi-a ve chfldng trinh day hpe todn va khoa bpc bang tieng Anh cung nhrf nhflng thdch thflc viec day loan cho hgc sinh hgc ngoai ngfl tieng Anh ma gido vien todn b My phdi doi mat, chung tdi cho rang muon thflc hifn cfing chfnh sach thi trrfde bet phai Cao mdi tiTJbng de gido vien loan dfldc trdi nghifm hgc tap lien luc viee sfl dung tieng Anh day hge todn, dong thdi phai trang bj cho hg nhflng chiln Ifldc, ki ihudl day hoc loan bdng tieng Anh Chinh vi vay, viec tao mdi irflbng eho sinh vien sfl pham lodn dfldc trai ngbiem hgc lap cde mdn, ddc biel la cdc mdn loan, bdng tieng Anh d bdc dai hgc la can thiel, ben canh dd can chu trgng ndng cao sfl^ thao tieng Anh cho sinh vien cung nhfl ttang bj cho hg nhflng chiln Iflbc, kT Ihudt cb bdn de day hgc toan bang tieng Anh TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Beatrice Moore, Harris, 2005 Strategies for Teaching Malhematies to English Language Learners International Math Conference, July - 9, 2005, San Antonio, Texas [2] Bg Giao due va Dao lao, 2013 Dgy Iwc num todn vd eac mon khoa heK tif nhien bdng uing Anh tnfdng Trung hgc phdlhemg Tai lieu tap hudn, Hd Ngi [3] R Bresser, K Melanese, C Sphar, 2009 Supporting English Language Leamers m Math Class Math Solutions Publications [4] Chap Sam Lim, Nerida Ellerton, 2009 Malaysian experiences of leaching malhematies in English: Political dilemma versus reality PME 33 Nguyen Chien Thdng [5] Tran Dao Ddng, 2()I3 Cdc ngi dung cdn trien khai uu lien dendng cao chdl lupng dgy vd hpc chuyin mdn bang ngdn ngft tiing Anh Ky yeu Hdi thdo qudc te "Dao tao cfl nhan sfl pham lodn day bdng tieng Anh", Trflbng Dai hoe srf pham HdNgi, tfl 16- 17/01/2013, trang 7-13 [6] Phan Le Ha, Joyce Kho, Bendan Chng, 2013 Nation building, English as an intemational language, medium of instruction, and language debate: Malaysia and possible ways forward Journal of International and Comparative Education, Volume 2, Issue 2, pp 58-71 [7] Nguyin Hoang, 2013 Miyl se^ y kie'n vi viec ddo tgo gido viin dgy ttidn bdng tiing Anh Ky yeu Hdi thdo qudc te "Dao tao cfl nhan sfl pham lodn day bang tiing Anh", Trflbng Dai hoc sfl pham Ha Ndi, Ifl 16- 17/01/2013 trang 25-30, [8] Y, Kang, H Hwang, K Nam, Y Choi, 2010 Comparision of teacher talk of Korean and native English-speaking teachers: On the ejjieieney of delivering content knowledge m EFL contexts The Journal of Asia TEFL, Vol 7, No 2, pp 1-28 [9] G, Kersaint, 2009 Strategies to Teach and Engage English Language Leamers in Malhemaliess Classroom STEM [10] G Kersaint, D R Thompson, M Petkova, 2009 Teaching Mathematics lo English Language Leamers Routledge [I I] h MeLeman, 2012 Pro.speelive Teachers' eancepltons about Ixinguage and Mathematics Regarding English Language Learners lEJME, Vol.7, No I, p 21 -38 [12] Ong Saw Lan, May Tan, 2008 Malhematies and Science in English: Teachers experience inside the ela.ssroom Journal Pendidik dan Pendidikan, Jil 23, p 141 - 150 [13] Dd Dflc Thdi, 2013 Bdo cdo di ddn Ky yeu Hdi thao qude le "Ddo tao efl nhdn sfl pham toan day bang cieng Anh", Trflbng Dai hgc sfl pbam HdNgi, tfl 16 - 17/01/2013, trang 3-6 [14] Nguyin Ha Thanh, 2013 Mpt so vdn di gidng dgy todn bang tting Anh Ky yeu Hdi thdo quoc Ce "Dao lao cfl nhan sfl pham todn day bang tieng Anh", Trrfdng Dai hoc srf pham Ha Ndi, tfl 16 - 17/01/2013, trang 31-35 [15] Tips for English Language Learners in Mathematics Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2005 (www.edugains.ca/resourcesELL/ /TIPSforELLMath4All) [16] Nguyen Anh Tuan, 2013 Mgt vdi dinh hudng ve ddo tgo gido viin dgy todn bang liing Anh lgi khoa Todn-Tin tnfdng Dgi hpe sU pham thdnh Ho Chi Minh Ky yeu Hdi thao quoc le "Dao tao cfl nhan sfl pham todn day bdng tieng Anh" Trflbng Dai hoc sfl pham Ha Ndi, tiii 16- 17/01/2013, trang 57-59 ABSTRACT Ideas on enhancing the effectiveness of training teachers to teach Mathematics in the English language by analyzing experience of some countries In this paper, we study the experience of some countries in teaching Che subject of mathematics in English as a second language al schools and in training teachers to teach mathematics in the English language We also mention some notable changes in this regard in Vietnam in recent years Hence, we draw some ideas on enhancing the effectiveness of training teachers to teach mathematics in English language in Vietnam Keywords: Teachers, mathematics, English, experience, training, integration ... tieng Anh, ndng vj the tieng Anh tfl mfit ngoai ngfl Ihanh ngdn ngfl thfl hai Cung d tdm the nhrf vdy, Viet Nam dang day manh hgc tap lilng Anh thong qua he thong giao due cua minh Tieng Anh vdn... tieng Anh nhfl mdt cdng cu hoc tdp; (c) ndng cao viec day hgc tieng Anh (d| lang thdi gian b trflbng cho viec day lieng Anh; (e) tao mdi trrfdng ho trb hgc smh hge tieng Anh Sau nhieu Iranh ludn... kien thflc khoa hge de phat inen ihanh Nhifng y kien vi ndng cao hieu qua ddo tgo gido vien day Todn bang lieng Anh d Viel Nam mgt quoc gia manh vl khoa hoc vao nam 2020" (tr 2) Ba cung ndi them