Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM S6 65 ndm 2014 DO TOC DO OQC NOI d TRE MAU GIAO (tai Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh)'''' TRAN THI H6NG VAN'''' TOM TAT Di gdp phdn can thiep tri lieu dm ngit cho tre mdm non cd rdi logn d[.]
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM S6 65 ndm 2014 DO TOC DO OQC - NOI d TRE MAU GIAO (tai Thanh Ho Chi Minh)' TRAN THI H N G VAN' TOM TAT Di gdp phdn can thiep tri lieu dm ngit cho tre mdm non cd rdi logn dm ldi ndi dgt hieu qud, mdt nhiing viec cdn lam Id tde dg dgc - ndi ciia tre Tde gid ke thira kT thugt tde dgc - ndi tu cdc nghien cuu tren the gidi de tien hdnh thi^rc hien ddi vdi tre mdu gido d Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh Gid tri cua viec ddnh gid toe dgc - ndi cho phep chiing ta ddnh gid dnh hudng cua nd den khd ndng phdt dm, mirc de hiiu, chdt giong va dg luu lodt cua ldi ndi Tir khda: rdi loan ldi ndi, ldi phat im, toe dd dpc- ndi, im ngii tri li?u, mau giao ABSTRACT Determining speech rate ofpreschool children (in Ho Chi Minh City) This article explores Techniques to determine speech-rate in preschool children Through a survey of the speech rate of preschool children speaking Vietnamese in Ho Chi Minh city, it is concluded that the rates of speech are indices that can be measured To achieve the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for children who have speech soun disorders, we should consider the impact of the "rate of speech" on the level of understandability of children's speech Keywords: ^speech sound disorders, articulation errors, rate of speech, speech language therapy, kindergarten \ Van de toe d^ doc - ndi if tre Hien nay, tai cac nude phat trien, viec xac lip quy trinh ngii im d tre mim non, ddng thdi xay dung phac dd can thiep tri lieu khdng cdn mdi me, nhung d Viet Nam, la dieu cdn bd ngd [1] Dd tai can thi^p chinh am cho tre mim non khd khan v^ am ldi ndi la vin d^ mang tinh thdi su, ma d Viet Nam rat cin mpt nghien ciiu toan dien, bai ban hon \h vin de Song song vdi vi|c chinh im, cin phat trien ngon ngii va miic dp de hiiu cua igi ndi d tre [3] [6] [9] Tde dp ndi, HVCH, Tru-dng Bai hoc Su pham TPHCM 92 tde dp dpc, tde dp ke anh hudng true tiep dSn chit lugng thu nhan tin [9, tr.l76178] Tde dp dpc - ndi d mdi ngudi khac nhau, cd ngudi ndi nhanh nhung rit dl nghe va ciing cd ngudi ndi cham nhung lai rat khd nghe, hoac ngugc lai Tam quan trpng ciia viec tde dp dpc - ndi khdng phai la de so sanh nd vdi tieu chuin dinh miic; ma nham cho biSt tde ndi la binh thudng hay nhanh hon binh thudng, hay chim hon binh thuoTig Ket qua ciia viec danh gia tde dp dpc ndi giup cho viec xem xet anh hudng ciia nd den kha nang giao tidp d tre [9, Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM pp.176-178] Viec so sanh toe dgc dnhirng tre bi rdi loan am ldi ndi vdi nhimg tre binh thudng giup ngudi can thi^p tim ki6m bien phap, bai tap cai thien tde dp dpc - ndi d tre, nham dam bao miic dp de hieu ciia ldi ndi Hien nay, d Viet Nam, chua cd nghien cuu nao chi tde dp dpc trung binh tre mim non ndi tieng Viet Trong dd, d cac nude tien tien, kT thuat toe dpc, ndi cua tre la boat dpng thudng xuyen viec ho trg tre cd roi loan im ldi ndi Nam 2009, cac tac gia Kenneth G Shipley, Julie G McAfee quyen Assessment in SpeechLanguage Pathology: A Resource Manual (4nd ed.), Delmar Cengage Learning (USA), ben canh viec mo ta rit rd each sang Igc, danh gia cac benh li lien quan din ldi ndi, cung nhu quy trinh can thiep, tri lieu da ddng thdi chi dan rd kT thuat tde dp dpc - ndi d tre em va d ngudi ldn Cd t\\h tdm luge kT thuit nhu sau: Chuin bi may ghi im ghi lai "mau" ldi ndi ciia tre tre ke nhiing ciu chuyen, dpc tho, ddng dao Phdi hgp vdi ngudi true tiep nudi day tre de liy nhutig "miu" ldi ndi ciia tre giao tiSp h§ng Tiiy vao dp dai ciia "mau" - 60 giay, 120 giay, hoac ngan hon, hoac dai hon ma each thirc tinh toe dp dpc, ndi cung khac [9,tr.l76-178] Tde dp dpc trung binh (sd tir dugc Tran Thj Mong Vdn ndi mdt phut) dugc viet tit la WPM (words per minute) [9, tr.l76-178] •> De tmh WPM, neu "mlu" dai 60 giay, dem so tir tre noi, ta diro'c so WPM Vi du, 200 tir dugc ndi vdng 60 giay la 200 WPM • Neu "mau" dai hoac ngan hon 60 giay WPM^ so tir X (sd gidy phiit^sdgidy "mdu") Vi du: thdi gian: 20 giiy, sd tir tre noi: 62 tir, WPM= 62 x (60-20)= 186 *l* Do tin cay Idn hon tinh toan WPM cd the bang each thu thap nhieu "mau" WMP = Sd tir ^ (sd gidy phut ^ tdng sd gidy cua "mdu ") (n6u "miu" thi WMP= Sd tir x (so giiy phut -^ tdng so giiy ciia "mau")) Vi du: Cd "mau" thdi gian la 20, 25, va 30 giay, tdng cdng 75 giay Sd tir cac mau tuong img la 15, 20, va 25, tdng cpng 60 tir WMP-60 X (18(K75) = 144 Kit qua toe doc cua tre mau giao Chiing tdi tien hanh toe dp ldi ndi cua 15 be binh thudng (10 be trai, be gai) khong bi roi loan im ldi ndi va be dugc chin doan cd rdi loan am ldi ndi (2 be trai, be gai) dupe chin doan cd rdi loan am ldi ndi Ket qua thu dugc nhu sau: 93 SS 65 ndm 2014 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Bdng Tde ke chuyen a tre binh thudng vd tre cd rdi logn dm ldi ndi Lua tuoi: 3;6 - Gidi tinh: Nam Ten TD QM MT HH CT Tre binh thirtmg Tir/ giay 139/164 131/124 181/224 153/152 188/177 WPM 50.85 63.39 48.48 60.39 63.73 Tin DH Tre CO roi loan am 161 noi WPM Tir/ giay 106//263 24 24 57 WPM trung binh TesI: truyen Co be qudng khdn (tri: xem Iranh vd ke lgi chuyen) Cach tinh: WPM =so tir x(60-i- so giay) (**) Bdng Toe ke chuyen d tre binh thuang vd tre co roi logn dm ldi noi Lira tuoi: 3,9 - Giai tinh: Nu Tre CO r6i lo^n am IM noi Tre binh thntmg Ten Tir/ giay WPM TA NM NH GH BH 146/131 150/116 158/138 178/U9 151/133 66.8 77.6 68.7 89.7 68.1 Ten list giay WPM LP 135/121 70 WPM trung binh 70 74 TesI: truyen Cd be qudng khdn dd (Ire xem tranh vd ke lgi chuyen) Cach tinh: WPM =s6 tir x(60+ so giay) (**) Bang Tde ke chuyin d tre binh thudng vd tre cd rdi logn dm ldi ndi Lua tuoi: 4;8 (*) - Gioi tinh: Nam Ten TA BB HC LD AE Tre binh thu-ong Ttr/ giay 180/130 172/135 177/122 204/143 93/86 WPM 83.07 76.44 87.05 85.6 64.88 T§n KM Tre CO roi loanam IM noi TCr/ giay WPM 119/124 58 79 WPM trung binh Iranh vd ke lgi ehuyen) TesI: Iruyen Co be qudng khdn (Ire xem Cach tinh: WPM =s6 ttr x(60-i- so giay) ( ") 94 58 Tran Thj Hong Vdn Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Bdng Tde ki chuyen a tre binh thudng vd tre cd rdi logn dm ldi ndi Lua tudi: 3;6 (*) - Gioi tinh: Nam Ten CT TD MT QM KH Tre binh thu-Mig ThM gian (giay) 28.5 29.9 24.3 27.5 28.7 WPM 84.21 80.27 98.77 87.27 83.62 Ten Tre CO roi loan am IM noi ThM gian (giay) WPM DH 25.8 WPM trung binh 87 TesI ddng dao "Nu na nu nong " (64 chir ' dogn) Cach tinh: WMP = So tir x (120 + long so giay (**) 93.02 93 Bang Tde ke chuyen a tre binh thudng vd tre cd rdi logn dm ldi ndi Lira tuoi: 3:9 (*) - Giai tinh: Nir Tre binh thu-Mlg Tre CO roi loan am IM noi Ten ThM gian (giay) WPM Ten ThM gian (giay) LP 28+15=43 BH 27+ 19=46 166.96 GH 23+19=42 182.86 NH 22+24=46 166.96 196.92 NM 20+19=39 123.87 TA 35+27= 62 179 WPM Trung binh 168 TesI ddng dao "Nu na nu ndng " (64 chir, dogn) Cach tinh: WMP = So tir x (120 + tong so giay ) (**) WPM 178.6 Bang Tde ki chuyen a tre binh thuang vd tre cd rdi logn dm lai ndi Lua tudi: 4;8 (*) - Gidi tinh: Nam Tre CO roi loan 3m IM noi Tre binh thuong ThM gian (giay) WPM Ten ThM gian (giay) WPM Ten 24.4+24 =48.4 168.6 KM 31+22=53 153.96 HC 27+21=48 170 BB 21+19=40 204 LD 27+17=44 185.5 TA 35+21=56 145.7 AE 169 WPM trung binh 172 TesI dong dao "Nu na nu nong" (64 chir doan) Cach tinh: WMP = So tir x (120 + t8ng s6 giay ) (**) 95 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Ghi chu: Tit ca tre dugc khao sat dhu la tre mim non binh thudng a Thanh phd H6 Chi Minh, ndi tieng Viet, cd ba me ndi tiSng Viet Tit ca cac tre deu khdng cd di tat anh hudng den ldi noi va ngon ngu (khiSm khuyet d bp may phat ira, tu ki, khiSm thinh, sirt mdi - hd vdm ) (*): 3;6: tudi thing, 3;9: tudi thing, 4;8: tudi thing (**): Cac sd lieu da dupe lam trdn Mgt so nhan xet ban dau Nhin chung, tde dp k^ chuyen trung binh cua tre binh thudng (nhom thii nhit) vdi tre bi roi loan ira ldi ndi (nhdm thii hai) d ca ba nhom liia tudi: 3;6, 3;9, 4;8 cd su chenh lech rit ro Ci nhdra tre khong cd rdi loan am loi noi, toe dp ke nhanh hem nhom tre cd rdi loan im ldi ndi nhdm be trai, su chenh lech tuong ddi ldn nhdm be gai su chenh lech khong nhieu Nguoc lai, tde dp dpc tho ciia nhdm tre cd rdi loan am ldi ndi d hai liia tuoi 3;6 tudi va 3,9 tuoi (ci trai va gal) lai S6 65 ndm 2014 nhanh ban d nhdm tre.khdng ed roi l o ^ im 161 ndi Nhdm tre lai (trai, 4;8) tudi) sir chenh lech khdng dang ke Trong qua trinh khao sit, chiing tdi nhan thiy d nhdm thii nhit, dpc ddng dao, tre thudng dpc dien cam, thudng xuyen len xuong gipng, cd IS vi vay ma toe dp dpc cua nhdm tre cham hon nhdm tre cd rdi loan am loi ndi Pham vi khao sat, cd mau nhu tren chua du ldn nen chiing tdi khd cd the dua nhiing nhin dinh cd tinh khai quit Ket luan Nghien cuu mdi chi li ban mo ta tdm tat each "do am" va tinh tde dp dpc ciia tre raam non So lieu tren chi cd the cung cap nhiing cii lieu va bg cdng cu can yeu, lam nen tang cho mpt nghien cihi sau rpng han Toe dp dpc - ndi d tre la mpt chi so cd the "do" dugc Viec can thiep tri lieu cho tre cd rdi loan am ldi noi se hieu qua va toan dien han neu chiing ta cd xet den su anh hudng cua tde dp dpc ndi d tre den miic dp de hieu ciia ldi noi va hieu qua giao dep Nghien ciiu ducrc thye hien duoi su hudng din ciia PGS TS Nguyin Thj Ly Kha 96 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyin Thi Ly Kha, Pham Hai Le (2014), "Ldi phat im am tiet thudng gap d tre tudi (tai TP Ho Chi Minh)", Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Supham TPHCM (57),tr.9-21 Nguyin Thi Ly Kha (2010), "Sir can thi^t cua npi dung tri lieu ngdn ngii cho tre mam non chuong trinh dao tao va boi duong giao vien mam non", Tgp chi Ngdn ngu, (6), tT.60-63 Nguyin Thj Ly Kha, Pham Hai Le (2014), "Xay dung bang tir lugng gia am ldi noi cua tre em ndi tieng Viet", Nhan biit, chdn dodn va can thiep cdc rdi hgn chuyen biet hgc tap d hgc sinh, Nxb Dai hpc Qudc gia TPHCM, tr.270-279 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Trdn Thj Hdng Vdn Ha Thi Kim Y^n (2010), "Hoat dpng can thiep tam li va am ngir doi vdi tre cd khd khan giao tiSp", Tai lieu Hoi thao Tdm li hgc lam sdng Viet - Phdp, Benh vien Nhi Ddng - Sd Y te Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, TPHCM 25-26/10/2010 Austin Hodson B W., Hodson assessment of phonological patterns (3rd ed.), TX: Pro-Ed, (2004), Austin Bishop, Dorothy V.M, Leonard, Laurence B (2014), Speech and Language Impairments in Children, Psychology Press, New York Dodd B., Hua Z., Crosbie S., Holm A., Ozarme A (2002), Diagnostic evaluation of articulation and phonology (DEAP), TX: Hareourt, San Antonio Fluharty N.B (2009), Fluharty 2: Fluharty preschool speech and language screening test, TX: Pro-Ed Kenneth G Shipley, Julie G McAfee (2009), Assessment in Speech-Language Pathology: A Resource Manual (4nd ed), Delmar Cengage Leaming, USA 10 Stevens, N., and Isles, D (2007), Phonological screening assessment U.K.: Speechmark, Bicester, Oxon (Ngiy Tda soan nhin du^c bai: 15-10-2014; ngiy phin bi6n danh gii 15-12-2014; ngiy chip nhin dSng 22-12-2014) 97 ... Ly Kha, Pham Hai Le (2 014), "Ldi phat im am tiet thudng gap d tre tudi (tai TP Ho Chi Minh)" , Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Supham TPHCM (5 7),tr.9-21 Nguyin Thi Ly Kha (2 010), "Sir can thi^t... khdn (Ire xem Cach tinh: WPM =s6 ttr x(60-i- so giay) ( ") 94 58 Tran Thj Hong Vdn Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Bdng Tde ki chuyen a tre binh thudng vd tre cd rdi logn dm ldi ndi Lua tudi: 3;6 (* )... "Nu na nu ndng " (6 4 chir, dogn) Cach tinh: WMP = So tir x (1 20 + tong so giay ) (* *) WPM 178.6 Bang Tde ki chuyen a tre binh thuang vd tre cd rdi logn dm lai ndi Lua tudi: 4;8 (* ) - Gidi tinh: