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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOI 10 18173/2354 1075 2016 0040 Educational Sci , 2016, Vol 61, No 3 pp 159 169 This paper is available online at http;//stdb hnue edu vn THUC TRANG PHAT TRIEN O TRE ROI LO[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci., 2016, Vol 61, No pp 159-169 This paper is available online at http;//stdb.hnue.edu.vn DOI: 10.18173/2354-1075.2016-0040 THUC TRANG PHAT TRIEN O TRE ROI LOAN PHO TU KI LtfA TUOI M A M N O N Do Thj Thao Khoa Gido due Ddc biit Tnfdng Dai hoc Su phgm Hd Npi Tom tat Bai bao nghien cflu Ihrfc trang nhan thflc ciia giao vien va cha me vl kha nang phat trien va cac van de hanh vi cua 150 Ire rdi loan phb tfl ki (RLPTK) dang drfdc can thiep sbm giao due tai cac cd sd chuyen biet Dbng ihbi, chan doan mflc dp irf ki cua 33 tre theo thang CARS, danh gia srf phat ttien bdng thang danh gia PEP-R nhdm xac dinh die'm manh, han che, kha nang hay tiem nang ddc biet cda Ire ve cac ITnh vrfc phal irien nhrf: van dgng, nhgn thflc, ngon ngfl, giaotiep,kT nang xa hpi hanh vi,, so vbi Ire em binh thrfbng cung ludi, kiem chflng ve mbi quan he gifla mflc lai va chi so phal trien Kit qua nghien cflu thrfc trang phdl trien cua ire cdn nham xac dinh xem Ire cb cdn djch vu can thiep sdm hay khong va lam can cfl de xay drfng ke hoach can thiep sbm giao dtic phu hpp vbi Ire Tukhoa: Roi togn phd trf ki, nhgn thflc, hanh vi, mflc dp lat Mol dau Tre roi loan tfl ki (RLPTK) lfla luoi mam non gap nhilu khd khan vl cac ITnh vrfc phat trien va hanb vi kbdng pbu hdp Tuy nhien, nlu ndm rd mfle dp tdt va khd ndng phdt trie'n cua tre se giup nhd chuyen mdn va cha me (CM) cd djnh hrfbng gido due phii hbp vbi kha nang, nhu eau cua tre Van de ean thifp sdm gido due (CTSGD) tre RLPTK tai Viet Nam edn gap nhieu khd khdn kiln Ihflc, kT ndng vl cha'n dodn - danh gia phat trie'n va can thiep Cre cdn ban che Da phan tre chfla drfdc ddnh gia xac dinh mflc phat trien chi'nh xdc trfldc tfla chpn muc lieu vd ten ke hoach CTSGD cho tre Do vay phan ldn Ire RLPTK it dfldc hfldng dich vu CTSGD phu hdp vdi kha nang va nhu cdu cua tre, cung nhfl giup CM ed sfl ki vgng dflng vl cre nen hifu qud can Chiep sdm cho tre chria cao Tren the gidi va Viet Nam cd nhieu nghien cflu ve tre RLPTK ndi chung va xac djnh mflc phat trien cua tre ndi rieng Cd the ke den mgt so cdng trinh khoa hgc nd'i bat nhrf Nghien eflu khang dinh ve tam quan va y nghTa cua chan doan, danh gid tre RLPTK bao gdm: Bruner, J and Feldman, C (1993) [9],' Howlin, P va Asgharian, A (1999) [10], Howlin, P va Moore, A (1997) [I I], Powell, SD and Jordan, RR (I993a)[16] Hoa Kl, chd'n doan la chia khba de Ire den vdi dich vu can thifp sdm cbo tre nhd hdn ludi va cac chfldng ttinh mam non dde bift [8] Nguyen Nfl Tam An (2012), Mdt so van de ve chd'n doan tre roi logn trf ki [I] Tae gid Nguyin Thj Hoang Yen (2013) va cbng srf da cdng bo kit qua nghien cflu thdng qua bai bdo kboa hgc"Bang NgSy nhan bai- 7/1/2016 Ngay nhSn dang 25/4/2016, Lien he- DSThj Thao c-mail: ihao2006trang@yahoo com kie'm phdt trien cho tre em Viet Nam" Muc dfch cua bdng kie'm Id phat hifn nhflng bdt thflbng Irong qua trinh phdl Irien cua Ire lfl 0-6 lud'i, lam cd sd cho giao vien (GV) va CM tre xay dflng chflbng trinh giao due ho trd phu hdp vbi nhflng bat thfldng dflbc phdl bien [7] Cac tac gia: Dao Thi Bich Thuy (2013) [5], Tran Thj Minh Thanh (2013) [2], Dinh Nguyin Trang Thu (2013) [4], Dd Thj Thdo (2015) [3] cung dd ed mdt so cbng bo kit qua nghien cflu vl ddnh gid phat trien va xay dflng KHGDCN can thifp sbm tre RLPTK, de xuat mdt sd giai phap nham giai quyet van de ddnh gia tre RLPTK b nflbc ta Bai bdo nghien cflu thflc trang nhan thfle cua GV vd CM vl kha nang phdt trie'n va eac vdn dl hdnh vi cua 150 RLPTK dang drfdc CTSGDlai cde ed sd chuyen biet Dong tbdi, lrfa chgn ngdu nhien chd'n dodn mflc lfl ki cua 33 ire tbeo thang CARS, danh gid sfl phat trien bdng thang danh gia PEP-R nham xdc djnh die'm manh, ban chl, kha ndng hay tiem ndng dde biel cua tre vl cdc ITnh vtfc phal trie'n nhtf: van ddng, nhan thflc, ngdn ngfl, giao tilp, kT ndng xd hdi, hanh vi, so vdl ire em binh thfldng cung tuoi, kiem ehflng vl moi quan he gifla mfle dp ldl va ehi so phat trien Kel qua nghien cflu thflc trang phdt trien cua tre edn nhdm xdc djnh xem tre cd can dich vu can thifp sdm hay khdng va Iam cdn cfl de xdy drfng ke hoach CTSGD phii hdp vdi Ire Noi dung nghien cufu 2.1 Khai quat chung ve qua trinh khao sat a Muc dich khdo sdf Tien hdnh nghien eflu ddnh gia thflc trang mflc phal trien d tre RLPTK thbng qua nhdn djnh cua GV, CM tre vd thang danh gid PEP-R Tren cd sd ehi nhflng diem mgnh va nhflng khd khan eua ire RLTTK cdc ITnh vflc phat trie'n vd van de hanh vi b Npi dung khdo sdl: 1) Danh gid cua CM vl sfl phdt trie'n d tre RLPTK; 2) Ddnh gid eua GV va CM ve nhflng diem manh va han che cua tre RLPTK; 3) Kit qua cha'n dodn mflc RLPTK theo CARS; 4) Ket qua danb gid sfl phat ttien cua tre RLPTK theo Chang PEP - R e Cong cu khdo sdt: 1) Dung phieu khdo sat CM tre va GV de: Danh gid srf phat trien cua tre RLPTK ve: the chat, nhdn chflc, giao ciep, kT ndng sinh hoac; Danh gid vl nhflng diem manh va han che cua Ire RLPTK Cac cdu hdi drfdc thiet ke theo dang cau hdi ddng vdi mflc Ifla chon vd dflbc ddnh gia bdng diem sd theo thfl tfl tfl I den (Tot = diem, trung binh = diem, ylu = I diem) Moi cau hdi va Item cb mbt lfla chgn cho GV va CM tre Npi dung khao sdt vl stf phdt trien cua Ire cd nhieu muc hdn nhflng GV va CM tre chi dfldc chgn so cdc muc dd; 2) Sfl dung thang CARS de chan dodn mflc tfl ki vd thang PEP-R danh gid phdt trie'n cho 33 tre RLPTK dang CTSGD tai Trflbng Mam non Anh Sao Mai - Quan Hai Ba Trflng - Thanh Ha Nbi + Chdn dodn mitc tdt bdng thang CARS: Sfl dung CARS cha'n-dodn cho 33 tre xem tre cd bj RLPTK hay khbng va neu cd thi tre d mflc nao Thang CARS gdm 15 items ddnh eho tre tfl tuoi trd len, cd cac ndi dung: Quan he vdi mgi ngflbi, bit chfldc, phdn flng tinh cam, sfl dung cac bd phan cd the, sfl dung vat hoac chbi, thich nghi vbi srf tbay dd'i, phan flng bang mdt, phan flng Chinh giac, sfl dung va phan flng bang vi gidc, khflu gidc, xuc giac, sd hai hay lo ldng, giao tiep bang ngdn ngfl, giao tiep phi ngdn ngfl, mflc van ddng, mflc vd ti'nh ben vflng cua phan flng trf tue, danh gid chung [ 17] Mii'c dd Khdng tfl ki Tfl ki nhe TV ki vfla Tfl ki nang Diem danh gia tfl den 1,5 diem tfl den 2,5 diem tfl den 3,5 diem diem Md ta bi^u hien Tre khdng bieu Id trieu chflng ndo eua roi loan Tre bieu Id mdt vai trifu chflng eua roi loan Tre bieu Id da so trieu chflng cua roi loan Tre bieu Id nhilu trifu chflng cua roi logn Thuc trang phdl Inen d tre rin logn phi) lif ki lifu liii'ii nidm nem CARS drfdc phan loai bbi cac mflc vd nhdn djnh long diem nhfl sau: Tfl 15 din 29.5 = Khdng trf ki; Tfl 30 din 36,5 = RLPTK mfle nhe vd trung binh; Tfl 37 din 60 = RLPTK ndng vd rat ndng + Ddnh gid phdt trieh bdng thang PEP - R: PEP - R dd dfldc Alpern (1967) vd cdc nha nghien cflu thubc drf dn "Nghien cflu ire em cfla Trrfbng Dai hgc Bdc Carolina va sau dd Id Chfldng trtnh TEACCH" dd tim cdc minh chflng vd khdng djnh cd the ddnh gia dflbc mbt cdch day du ndng Iflc cua Ire RLPTK nlu cdc lieu muc ddnh gid dfla phu hdp vbi mflc phdt trie'n [15] PEP-R danh gia loan dien vl ITnh vrfc phat trien va ITnh vflc hdnh vi nham nhan dien mflc phal trie'n, die'm manh va diem yeu cua Ire RLPTK tfl thang den tud'i, ldm cd sd cho nhflng tdc ddng CTSGD Ddy la thang ddnh gia dl sfl dung cho GV vd CM tre va drfbc nghien eflu, thi'eh flng thubc dl tai nghien cflu cap irfldng trgng die'm ndm 2004 "Nghien cflu flng dung irpng GDDB" tdc gid Nguyin Thj Hoang Yln lam chu nhiem dl tdi Uu diim cua PEP - R lgi Viet Nam Id- Thang danh gid va he thdng bai tdp thiet kl de sfl dung, khbng dbi hdi trinh dd chuyen mdn qua sau nhfl cdc ddnh gia khdc Ci Viet Nam hien nay, ddnh gia ire RLPTK chfla thflc sfl phdt trien, viee cb bb cbng cu dl thrfc hien nhrf PEP - R Id can thiet eho GV CTSGD Cdch cho diem PEP- R: Thang phdl trie'n, chia lam mflc do: Mii'c Dat Kl hieu P Cd kha ndng E Khdng dgt F Dien giai Tre Ihflc hien edng bdi kiem tra ma khbng can ldm mau Tre the hien mdt so hieu biel ve cdch thfle hien mgt bdi kiem tra nhrfng khbng the boan thdnh Tre khdng the hodn thdnh bat cfl yeu eau nao cua bdi kiem tra, ke cd sau dflbc Iam mdu nhilu tan Thang hdnh vi chia ldm mffe do: Mu'c Phu hdp Bat thrfdng nhe Bat thrfbng nghiem trgng KI hieu A M S Dien giai Hanh vi phu hbp vbi Ifla ludi Hanb vi cd chut sai tech so vbi Ifla ludi Hanb vi the hifn d cflbng dd bieu hien rbi loan ro rang d Vi tre tham gia khdo sat: 1) VS tuoi cua cac Ire dang can thiep tai cac cO sd: Da so tre RLPTK den tuoi (Ire sinh nam 2008 chiem 24%, tri sinh nam 2009 chiSm 33,3% vii niim 2010 chiem 26%), tre tuoi (2011, chiem 16,7); 2) "Ve gidi tinh: ti le tre nam RLPTK cao hdn nij (nam 134 tre chiem 89,3% va nB 16 tre chiem 10,7%); 3) Ve miic RLPTK: Ket qua khao sat CM cho thay miSc tre RLPTK la: Co 42% miSc trung binh, 37% mile dp nang va 21 % miic dp nhe e Dia ban va Uidch the khdo sdl: 1) Dja ban khiio sat: Dja bim khao sat tai Ha Npi, Nam Dinh va Hii Nam; 2) Khach the khao sat: 128 GV, 23 CBQI., 150 CM Ire RLPTK 2.2 Thuc trang phat trien cua tre RLPTK 2.2.1 Danh gia cua CM vS sir phat trien d tre RLPTK a Vi the chdt: Hau het CM tre cho rang, tre RLPTK co qua Irinh phat trien the chat binh thitdng theo luoi (84%); 6,7% tre bi thtta can, 9,3% tni bj thieu can (nhiJng tre kha ken thiJc Do Thj Thao an, chi an mbt so Ioai tbflc pha'm co djnh) Nhieu CM tre ndi rdng tre khd nhanh hen, hoat bdt b vi nhdn thdc: Kit qua khdo sat CM vl nhan thflc cua tre RLPTK so vdi moc phdt trien thdng thflbng eho thay: 75,3% tre cham hdn, 24% binh thrfbng d mbi sd ITnh vflc va 0,7% tre nhanh hbn Tim hieu nhflng CM tre cbo rang tre nhanh hdn cac ban, thi day la tre RLPTK mflc dd nhe Mac du khd khdn nhdn thflc nhtfng mgt so tre kha gibi ve sd bode chfl cdi e vi giao flip Cdc CM tre diu nban thay giao tiep Id ITnh vflc Ire gap nhieu khd khdn 40% nhdn djnh Ire khdng the giao tiep; 38,7% cho rang tre cd the giao Ciep mdt edch dbn gidn; 21,3% CM tre nhan djnh tre cbi gap khd khdn khbi xrfdng vd tri cude hdi thoai d Ve ki ndng sinh hogt: CM ire cho rang: 46% "tre Iudn can sfl giup db sinh boat"; 35% "tre chi can giup dd mot phan sinh boat", 17% "Ire chi can giup dd doi mat vdi tinh huong mdi"; 2% "tre cd khd nang tfl phuc vu tot vd khbng can din sfl giup db eua ngflbi khac sinh hoat" P Einh thu ong nn.^ ti niir,ii,«i Biiu dd 2.1 Ddnh gid cda CM tre ve suphdt trien the chdt cua tri RLPTK 40 I [VALUC]" 20 I Khong the giaotiep [VU^.i, jyALUq".t Uiaolieinlou ai»n nbokhaukhci xuoiis\: liilioilhoni IJ.KI'JIII.I IVAIIrfj u.in-hi.i \in Biia dd 2.2.Ddnh gid cua CM tre ve stt phdt trien nhan thdc cua tre RLPTK T^^.-^ Bieu 2.3 Ddnh gid cua CM ve sUphdt trii'n Bii'u 2.4 Ddnh gid cda CM tre ve Id ndng giao tiep cda ire RLPTK sinh hogi eua tre RLPTK 2.2.2 Danh gia ve kha nang va han che cua tre RLPTK GV va CM Ire eho rang 5rfudiem Idn nhal cua tre RLPTK Id- "Cd trf nhd dai han tot d mpt so ITnh vflc" ddc bift la nhflng linh vflc ma tre yeu thfch (so, chfl cdi, trb chdi hay cdc chrfdng trinh quang cao) vbi M = 2,73; "Ghi nhb hinh dnh tdt" vbi M = 2,67; "Trf hinh anh lot" vbi M = 2,62; "Ca'n than, eau loan thfle bien nhifm vu" vdi M = 2,39 Nhflng die'm manh cua tre RLPTK deu lien quan den kha ndng lfl va gan lien vdi nhflng hinh dnh trtfc quan, ghi nhd lot nhflng gl Ire quan tdm hay yeu thfch Thfle le cho thay, mdt sd tre RLPTK b mflc nhe cd nhflng diem manh vflbt trdi hdn sd vdi cac tre binh ihflbng cung dd lud'i ve cdc kT ndng lien quan den tfl hinh anh hoac nhflng so Cd D TD cho bill: "Mdt so tre RLPTK dang nhe dac biet yeu thfch va nhan biel Cot sd, chfl cai mdi tudi, tre ghi nhd nhanh cdc ngi dung lien quan den loan, ghep hinh va chfl cdi nhflng nbi dung md nhilu tre binh thflbng d dp ludi dd chfla ldm dfldc" Thuc Irgng phdl tnen d tre roi logn phd tU ki lita tudi mam non TT Bang la Bdnh gid cua GV vd CM tre vi khd ndng cua tre RLPTK Chung GV CM Kha nang cua tre Thtf Thtf ThU RLPTK SD SD M M SD M bac bac bac 2 2,67 0,52 Ghi nhd hinh anh lot 2,69 0,52 2,66 0,52 Tri nhd dai han lot d mpl so ITnh VUc 2,71 0,51 2,77 0,43 2,73 0,47 Ttf hinh anh lot 2,62 0,60 2.62 0,55 2,62 0,58 Tri giac thi giac nhanh 2,17 0,60 2,13 0,67 2,15 0,63 5 Bat chtfde nhanh L93 0,61 2,03 0,68 1,98 0,64 2,10 0.68 2,12 0,66 2,11 0,67 2,41 0,55 2,37 0,55 2,39 0,54 2,03 0,62 2,27 0,61 S 2,14 0,63 6 Thuc hien lot nhiem vu dtfdc giao Can than, cau toan thtfc hien nhiem vu Hieu dtfdc y nghia ctia Idi noi Tong chung 2,33 0,59 2,37 0,58 2,35 0,59 Ket qua kiem djnh moi tflbng quan Pearson gifla cac bien die'm manh eua tre cho thay: Biln sd: 'Tri giac thj giac nhanh" cd quan hf thudn vdi 'Trf nhd dai han cdt mdt so ITnh vflc" vdi (r = 0,14, N = 278, p = 0,021) vd quan hf thuan chat che vbi "Khd ndng bat chrfbe nhanh" (r = 0,16, N = 278, p